CN202009595U - Sunlight greenhouse with long back slope and low north-facing wall - Google Patents

Sunlight greenhouse with long back slope and low north-facing wall Download PDF

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Publication number
CN202009595U
CN202009595U CN2011200403841U CN201120040384U CN202009595U CN 202009595 U CN202009595 U CN 202009595U CN 2011200403841 U CN2011200403841 U CN 2011200403841U CN 201120040384 U CN201120040384 U CN 201120040384U CN 202009595 U CN202009595 U CN 202009595U
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China
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greenhouse
solar heat
adverse grade
slope
angle
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CN2011200403841U
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王广印
马新立
韩世栋
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Henan Institute of Science and Technology
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Henan Institute of Science and Technology
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/25Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor

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Abstract

The utility model discloses a sunlight greenhouse with a long back slope and a low north-facing wall. The sunlight greenhouse comprises a front slope, the back slope, a spinal column and the north-facing wall, wherein the front slope is dome-shaped, the front-slope roof angle is 28.5-33.5 DEG or 30.5-35.5 DEG, the south base angle is 60 DEG, the interior tangential angle of the part at the horizontal distance of 1m away from the south side is 30-50 DEG, the back slope has a length of 1.5-1.6m and an elevation angle of 43-45 DEG, and the projection of back slope is 0.8-1.0m long. The sunlight greenhouse, which is not a 'high, large and wide' image project, mainly solves the problems of unreasonable structure, different specification, no standard and insecurity of sunlight greenhouses in northern areas, and satisfies the demand for winter production of warm-season vegetables. The utility model enables to adjust measures according to local conditions and local climatic resources and to optimize the design in accordance with relevant optimization theories, so as to construct the economical, reasonable and applicable sunlight greenhouse.

Description

The short north wall greenhouse by solar heat of a kind of long adverse grade
Technical field
The present invention relates to the short north wall greenhouse by solar heat of a kind of long adverse grade.
Background technology
From the intermediary and later stages eighties 20th century, China's Vegetable Production in Solar Greenhouse fast development has become the main type of China's horticultural facility.From the structure and the type of greenhouse by solar heat, greenhouse by solar heat has the branch of branch, high north wall and the short north wall of long adverse grade and short adverse grade; Scarp slope has one oblique one vertical and arch circle formula; Body of wall has cob wall, brick wall, Heterogeneous Composite body of wall; Framework material has bamboo-wood structure, bamboo wood and concrete prefabricated mixed structure, steelframe and concrete prefabricated mixed structure, all steel shelf structure etc.; How much have or not post, lack grading of post, multicolumn according to column.Initial various places are in the majority to introduce Hebei formula Yongnian and Shouguang, Shandong formula greenhouse by solar heat form, and there are many pluses and minuses in it.Make a general survey of the development of various places greenhouse by solar heat, the main problem that exists is that various places greenhouse by solar heat canopy type structure and type are many, builds unreasonablely or not up to standard, lack of standardization, and application performance is relatively poor, or the like.
Greenhouse by solar heat is to be the production facility that the energy increases indoor temperature and illumination with the sunshine.Its indoor energy of greenhouse by solar heat mainly is that solar radiation has double action to crop from solar radiation: 1) keep temperature and the most important energy source that keeps heat balance in the greenhouse by solar heat; 2) carry out photosynthetic unique light source as crop.The room light license-master will be depended on the intensity of illumination of the sun and the greenhouse transmitance to sunlight.Intensity of illumination changes with season, time, latitude and weather conditions again.Therefore, greenhouse by solar heat requires the greenhouse to have the stronger intensity of solar radiation of accepting under certain condition in the daylighting design, more transmittancy and bigger light-receiving area.
In order to solve the unfavorable factor that Solar Greenhouse in Winter is produced effectively, the design of greenhouse by solar heat should be to make full use of the radiant heat of the sun, can absorb solar energy to greatest extent winter, high insulating effect, gather materials on the spot, cost is low, and the realization high benefit is a target, designs rational lighting roof and rational building enclosure.The structure of greenhouse by solar heat is most important to daylighting and heat insulating ability.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is at the deficiencies in the prior art, provides a kind of long adverse grade short north wall greenhouse by solar heat.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme:
The short north wall greenhouse by solar heat of a kind of long adverse grade comprises scarp slope, adverse grade, backbone and north wall; Described scarp slope is arch circle formula, and preceding pitched roof angle is 28.5 °-33.5 ° or 30.5 °-35.5 °; 60 ° at base angle, south is 30 °-50 ° apart from the interior corner cut at horizontal range 1m place, south; Adverse grade length is 1.5-1.6m, 43 °-45 ° at the adverse grade elevation angle, and the adverse grade floor projection is 0.8-1.0m.
Described greenhouse by solar heat, described greenhouse by solar heat net span is 7.2m.
Described greenhouse by solar heat, described greenhouse by solar heat is long to be 80-100m.
Described greenhouse by solar heat, the high 3.1-3.3m of the ridge of described greenhouse by solar heat.
Described greenhouse by solar heat, the high 1.5-1.6m of described north wall.
Described greenhouse by solar heat, the scarp slope of described greenhouse by solar heat covers straw mat, and the thickness of straw mat is at 5cm-20cm, and straw mat is pressed the back straw mat before wanting during lid, and the part of pressing mutually in the preceding straw mat and the junction of back straw mat is at least 20cm, and straw mat covers the rainproof insulation film of one deck outward.
Described greenhouse by solar heat, the adverse grade of described greenhouse by solar heat is done watertight composition with plastic foil, cob again with the stalk or the straw insulation of whole bundle, and adverse grade thickness is 50cm.
Described greenhouse by solar heat, the cultivation bed absolute altitude of described greenhouse by solar heat is lower than outdoor natural absolute altitude 50cm.
Mainly solve unreasonable, diversified in specifications, the no standard of northern area greenhouse by solar heat canopy type structure, uneasy congruent problem, satisfy the production requirement of surviving the winter of warm season vegetable, do not pursue " high, big, wide " ostentatious project greenhouse by solar heat.According to the climatic resources of locality, suit measures to local conditions, according to relevant optimum theory, optimal design is built greenhouse by solar heat economic, reasonable, that be suitable for.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the short north wall greenhouse by solar heat of the long adverse grade of the utility model cross section schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the short north wall greenhouse by solar heat of the long adverse grade of the utility model semi-underground type cross section schematic diagram;
Illustrate: 1---scarp slope combination steel bow member; 2---center pillar (backbone); 3---adverse grade crossbeam (ridgepole); 4---north wall.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, be the short north wall greenhouse by solar heat of the long adverse grade of the utility model cross section schematic diagram, this greenhouse by solar heat has adopted arch circle formula scarp slope 1, the cross section, greenhouse is approximate pinion type, and this arch circle formula scarp slope 1 shaped design is reasonable, and lighting performance is good, film stretches tight tightly, and resultant effect is good.
Among Fig. 1, L is the greenhouse net span, refer to preceding footing (being the lowermost end inboard of scarp slope 1) to the inboard horizontal range of north wall (north wall), L1 and L2 are respectively the floor projection of scarp slope (Nan Po) and adverse grade (north slope), h is north wall height (height at phalanges frame rear support place), and H is the ridge height, and β is the adverse grade elevation angle, α is preceding pitched roof angle, promptly is the angle on ridge and preceding footing line and ground.In the above-mentioned parameter, that start to control making usefulness is net span L, the high H of ridge, preceding pitched roof angle α and the high h of north wall (or adverse grade elevation angle).
The selection of greenhouse by solar heat parameter should be frozen layer according to local geographic latitude, soil, weather conditions and instructions for use are decided.Take all factors into consideration factors such as the fertility of daylighting, insulation, crop in greenhouse and manual work, according to daylighting to greatest extent, guaranteeing that the production of fruit and vegetable safe overwintering is the optimization thought of target, adopt the optimal design theory, is example with the greenhouse by solar heat agent structure in Jin Nan area, Shanxi.
Latitude: 35 °
Winter solstice height of the sun at noon: 31.5 °
Greenhouse by solar heat azimuth: 5 °-9 ° of positive souths by west
Preceding pitched roof angle:
Determine that rational lighting roof angle is the key in greenhouse by solar heat design and the construction.Theoretical and consider factors such as regional latitude, percentage of sunshine according to present domestic current lighting roof angle of reasonable period, the preceding pitched roof angle α of reasonable daylighting that determines the greenhouse by solar heat in this optimal design is 28.5 °-33.5 ° or 30.5 °-35.5 °, has increased by 5 °-7 ° than traditional greenhouse by solar heat.
Pitched roof should be more greatly near inclination angle, low pin place before the daylighting, and inclination angle, median ridge place can be littler.Base angle, south η (the domatic and horizontal plane angle in place, greenhouse by solar heat scarp slope base angle) is 60 °, interior corner cut γ apart from horizontal range 1m place, south is 30 °-50 ° (shown in base angle among Fig. 1 and interior corner cuts), light-inletting quantity is bigger by 27% than string formula, astigmatic inlet is big before and after " Winter Solstice ", quick heating, snowfall can be slided automatically on the canopy.
The adverse grade elevation angle
The greenhouse by solar heat adverse grade has insulation, energy storage and increases the effect of reflection ray.The tradition greenhouse by solar heat adverse grade elevation angle is generally less than normal, before and after " Winter Solstice " direct projection of solar noon sun light less than adverse grade, the effect that do not have heat accumulation, adds lustre to.But the elevation angle is excessive, certainly will increase the difficulty of construction of adverse grade, and strengthens radiating surface.For these reasons, adverse grade elevation angle β gets 43 °-45 ° in design, and its floor projection L2 is 0.8-1.0m.
Adverse grade length L 3: be designed to 1.5-1.6m, winter indoor storage temperature good heat preservation performance.Narrow (less than 1m) Winter protection weak effect, the big adverse grade of wide sun altitude in summer shades.
The degree of depth (semi-underground type) down:, then can descend ground 30-50cm if the semi-underground type greenhouse is built in plan
Net span L
Span L is excessive, and the lighting roof angle decreases, and the greenhouse is difficult to obtain best daylighting effect; Too small, the greenhouse effectively utilizes area to reduce, and economic benefit is low.The 7.2m span should be got as standard span in this area.
East and West direction length
Increase span and length can improve utilizes area.The greenhouse is a kind of high investment facility, increases some more slightly and drop into just energy expansion chamber inner area on former basis.Show according to calculating: the every 1m of extension to the south in greenhouse, can utilize area will increase by 11%, only need increase 20cm and ridge is high, can reach more satisfactory roofing angle.The length that increases the greenhouse also is to reduce a good method that drops into, enlarges the breeding area.Main is that variations in temperature was steady after the interior space increased, and especially night, night cooling speed slowed down.Therefore, under the situation that the ground block length allows, can be present majority that the long greenhouse by solar heat of 50m is lengthened to 80-100m, in addition longer.
The ridge height H
The ridge height is the same with span to be the main structure parameters that influences the lighting roof angle.Span is certain, increases the ridge height, and the lighting roof angle is just strengthened thereupon, can increase space in the greenhouse, thereby help the daylighting and the crop growth in greenhouse.But the too high greenhouse space that certainly will make increases, and is unfavorable for heating and being incubated, and also will increase difficulty of construction and construction cost simultaneously, and balance considers that the high H of ridge of greenhouse by solar heat is advisable with 3.1-3.3m, and the space is less, and wind resistance, to avenge pressure strong.
North wall is shorter, and high h is 1.5-1.6m.Cross the high building difficulty, expense is big; Cross low people in greenhouse work inconvenience, the adverse grade gradient is big, and the people is difficulty in walking on adverse grade.
The gable height: sharp high 3m, south is along the 80cm height.
Thickness
Body of wall not only plays load-bearing and goes along with sb. to guard him effect, also has accumulation of heat, thermal insulation and insulation effect.Cob wall thickness (comprising gable) is if machinery digs pressure, the wide 4.5m in lower end, the wide 1.5m in upper end; If manually beat wall, the thick 1-1.2m in lower end, upper end 0.8-1m, firm, be not afraid of sleet, cool in summer and warm in winter.Wall thickness is about 2 times of local maximum frozen soil layer, daytime heat absorption and heat storage, evening, heat release was cold-resistant.
The method that people adopt straw mat to cover more is protected scarp slope, and the thickness requirement of straw mat is more than 5cm.Cover with mat after covering pressure with mat before wanting during lid, the part of pressing mutually in the junction is no less than 20cm, and covers with mat and will cover the rainproof insulation film of one deck outward, in order to avoid snow-broth, dew drench straw mat, reduces its heat insulating ability.According to surveying and determination, the greenhouse of the rainproof film of straw mat enclosing cover can improve about 1.5-2 ℃ than the greenhouse room temperature of not covering rainproof film.
Be to reduce cost, adverse grade is the insulations such as stalk, straw of available whole bundle also, do watertight composition with plastic foil, cob again, and adverse grade thickness is advisable with 50cm.
Roof truss structure and composition
According to overall dimension, descend in dead load effects such as wind, snow, crop, thermal insulation quilt live load and dead loads, according to least favorable load combinatorial principle, design greenhouse by solar heat roof truss structure.
Front roof frame is made up of combination steel bow member, bamboo pole, steel wire etc.East and West direction combination bow member spacing 3.6m, between establish 5 road bamboo pole bow members, spacing 60cm; Vertically be provided with elongated No. 8 or No. 12 steel wires (as string) along the greenhouse, horizontal every 30-40cm 1 road is connected with truss, bamboo pole, constitutes the roof truss system.
Combination steel bow member is the welding light steel truss structure.Take all factors into consideration bearing capacity, save material and instructions for use, adopt the form of two-hinged arch formula steel plane girder.Winding up is welded still pipe (the pachydermia tubing of external diameter 3.2cm), lower edge ¢ 12-14mm round bar, and it is ¢ 8-10mm reinforcing bar (web member) that W shape subtracts the power reinforcing bar, the upper and lower string vertical range of truss can be taken as the 20cm welding and forms skeleton.
Adverse grade slope beam is concrete prefabricated, long 2.4m, high 20cm, thick 12cm, in establish 6 4-6mm (cold-)drawn (steel)wires.Beam upper end, slope is shaped on the frame groove in advance, and the 0.5m place is provided with the groove that connects center pillar apart from the ridgepole upper end.
Long (height) 3.3m of column (center pillar), 5 4-6mm (cold-)drawn (steel)wires are established in the centre, wide, thick 12 * 12cm.
Illumination: pinion shape greenhouse by solar heat canopy face is arch-shaped (former Shandong string formula is folding shape), and roofing angle of reasonable daylighting period of greenhouse by solar heat is 28 °-35 °, is convenient to film-pressing line to compress the canopy face, significantly reduces the reflectivity of light, increases daylighting face and light transmittance.According to surveying and determination, light transmittance is up to 83%, than the high 22%-41% of other structures.
Temperature: cob wall thickness is 2 times of the maximum frozen soil layer in Shanxi south, adds that the thick straw of 5cm covers covering with mat, February the extraneous minimum air temperature about-20 ℃, indoor minimum temperature can keep more than 6 ℃, warm season vegetable can be grown safely.Daytime the light transmittance height, quick heating, severe cold season room temperature can reach 38 ℃.North wall is shorter, 43 °-45 ° at the adverse grade elevation angle, the long 0.5-1h of light-receiving time; Adverse grade formations such as plastic foil, corn stalk and earth, thickness can reach more than the 50cm, and fully daylighting on daytime produces heat energy storage, discharges night, keeps room temperature, guarantees various vegetables safety growths.
Safety: set up the cement center pillar to support adverse grade, scarp slope is set up the combined steel pipe bow member, East and West direction is right after (the string formula is 20 roads) by No. 12 steel wires in 14 roads, establish earth anchorage at gable external application stone respectively, the back is along stretching out the rainproof wall of hindering of body of wall 30cm, and body weight is that the people of 60kg walks freely for capable group at the canopy face, and the canopy face is narrower, can attack and heavy snow the safety coefficient height by anti-7-8 level strong wind.
Practical: produce various warm season vegetables in this canopy severe winter and early spring, the general time need not heat, and crop growth period is long, the output height, and benefit is big, and cost is low.
Economize ground: because that total span reaches 8m is many, reduced between canopy, body of wall, aisle take up an area of, and saved the arable land, be convenient to standardization and produce.The cultivation bed is gone up no pillar, and it is fast that indoor crop enters photosynthesis, is convenient to mechanical cultivation.
Semi-underground: if the cultivation bed is lower than ground level 30-50cm, heat radiation is slow, and temperature can improve 1-2 ℃.
Cost is low: body of wall is the back cob wall, and adverse grade is gathered materials on the spot, and frame is made up of combination steel bow member, bamboo pole, steel wire etc., makes that this type greenhouse is firm, practical, cost is low, is suitable for the peasant individual to build, and is convenient to popularization.
Embodiment 2
The northern area winter low temperature can adopt cultivation bed absolute altitude to be lower than outdoor natural absolute altitude 50cm, promptly semi-underground structure (as shown in Figure 2)
Should be understood that, for those of ordinary skills, can be improved according to the above description or conversion, and all these improvement and conversion all should belong to the protection domain of claims of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. the short north wall greenhouse by solar heat of long adverse grade is characterized in that, comprises scarp slope, adverse grade, backbone and north wall; Described scarp slope is arch circle formula, and preceding pitched roof angle is 28.5 °-33.5 ° or 30.5 °-35.5 °; 60 ° at base angle, south is 30 °-50 ° apart from the interior corner cut at horizontal range 1m place, south; Adverse grade length is 1.5-1.6m, 43 °-45 ° at the adverse grade elevation angle, and the adverse grade floor projection is 0.8-1.0m.
2. greenhouse by solar heat according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described greenhouse by solar heat net span is 7.2m.
3. greenhouse by solar heat according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described greenhouse by solar heat is long to be 80-100m.
4. greenhouse by solar heat according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the high 3.1-3.3m of the ridge of described greenhouse by solar heat.
5. greenhouse by solar heat according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the high 1.5-1.6m of described north wall.
6. greenhouse by solar heat according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described greenhouse by solar heat scarp slope covers straw mat, the thickness of straw mat is at 5cm-20cm, straw mat is pressed the back straw mat before wanting during lid, and the part of pressing mutually in the preceding straw mat and the junction of back straw mat is at least 20cm, and straw mat covers the rainproof insulation film of one deck outward.
7. greenhouse by solar heat according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described greenhouse by solar heat adverse grade is done watertight composition with plastic foil, cob again with the stalk or the straw insulation of whole bundle, and adverse grade thickness is 50cm.
8. greenhouse by solar heat according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the cultivation bed absolute altitude of described greenhouse by solar heat is lower than outdoor natural absolute altitude 50cm.
CN2011200403841U 2011-02-17 2011-02-17 Sunlight greenhouse with long back slope and low north-facing wall Expired - Fee Related CN202009595U (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104823755A (en) * 2014-02-08 2015-08-12 马帮明 Sunlight direct irradiation angle annual frozen soil depth insulating value functional greenhouse on sunny slope winter solstice
CN109315192A (en) * 2018-11-29 2019-02-12 潍坊科技学院 A kind of heliogreenhouse adverse grade support construction

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104823755A (en) * 2014-02-08 2015-08-12 马帮明 Sunlight direct irradiation angle annual frozen soil depth insulating value functional greenhouse on sunny slope winter solstice
CN109315192A (en) * 2018-11-29 2019-02-12 潍坊科技学院 A kind of heliogreenhouse adverse grade support construction
CN109315192B (en) * 2018-11-29 2023-11-28 潍坊科技学院 Sunlight greenhouse back slope bearing structure

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Granted publication date: 20111019

Termination date: 20120217