CN201976516U - Winter-warm type sunlight energy-saving greenhouse - Google Patents

Abstract

A winter-warm solar energy-saving greenhouse, consisting of left and right walls, a rear wall, a steel frame derivative structure and a greenhouse film, the azimuth of the greenhouse is 5° south by west of the true meridian, the length is 60m-80m, and the overall excavation height 50cm-60cm, the horizontal width of the shed is 720cm-750cm, the height of the ridge of the shed is 315cm-365cm, the height of the inner side of the rear wall is 205cm-225cm, the thickness of the left and right walls is 200cm, the thickness of the rear wall is the narrowest 200cm, and the bottom angle of the front of the lighting shed is 65- 75°, the rear slope angle is 38-46°, and the inclination angles at the vertical distances of 75cm, 175cm, 275cm, 375cm, and 475cm from the lighting shed surface to the front bottom angle are 39°, 25°, 18°, 15°, 12°, dig a cold-proof ditch with the same length as the greenhouse or slightly longer than the greenhouse, 50cm-70cm wide, and 50cm-80cm deep at 25cm-30cm outside the front footline of the greenhouse. The thickness of the insulation layer on the back slope is 30cm-65cm. The utility model is suitable for construction in the cold region of 39-41° north latitude, can utilize solar radiation to maintain normal growth of temperature-loving vegetables, and carry out off-season cultivation of temperature-loving vegetables.

Description

A warm-winter solar energy-saving greenhouse

technical field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of facility agriculture cultivation, and relates to a solar greenhouse, in particular to a warm-winter type solar energy-saving greenhouse suitable for construction in the cold region of 39-41° north latitude.

Background technique

The research on vegetable facilities in protected areas in my country began in the 1950s and 1960s, and has developed vigorously in the past ten years. At present, solar greenhouses have been widely used in the vast rural areas of our country. Through the solar greenhouse, fresh vegetables and melons and fruits have been cultivated against the seasons to meet the needs of consumers.

Although the design of solar greenhouses is continuously improved, the existing solar greenhouses still have the problems of unsatisfactory lighting and thermal insulation effects. Chinese patent CN1954660A "a new type of solar greenhouse" discloses a solar greenhouse construction technology that increases the lighting area by pressing nylon ropes in V-shaped grooves; CN1554222A "income-stable solar greenhouse" discloses a solar greenhouse whose orientation The angle is 4-6° to the south and west, and the thickness of the wall base is 0.2 meters less than the depth of permafrost in the local area over the years. A layer of thermal insulation curtain made of plastic film is covered on the shed film, so as to improve the lighting and heat preservation effect of the greenhouse; CN101116408A " A solar greenhouse with a variable-inclination lighting surface can make the lighting roof change its own inclination according to the external lighting conditions, so as to achieve the purpose of improving the lighting rate.

Above these prior art all improve the daylighting and thermal insulation effect of solar greenhouse to varying degrees. However, due to China's vast geography, the regional climate varies greatly, especially in the region of 39-41° north latitude, where the winter is very cold and the temperature difference between day and night is large. Still can't survive the winter, can't realize off-season production and go on the market around the Spring Festival, there is a production status of high input and low output, and the ups and downs have dampened the production enthusiasm of some vegetable farmers and hindered the development of solar greenhouses.

Utility model content

The utility model aims at the deficiencies of the prior art, and provides a warm-winter solar energy-saving greenhouse suitable for construction in the cold region of 39-41° north latitude. Off-season cultivation.

The technical scheme of the utility model is as follows:

A warm-winter type solar energy-saving greenhouse, which is composed of left and right walls, a rear wall, and a transparent daylighting shed surface composed of a steel frame derivative structure and a greenhouse film. The azimuth of the greenhouse is 5° south by west of the true meridian, and the length The horizontal width of the greenhouse is 60m-80m, the horizontal width of the greenhouse is 720cm-750cm, of which the horizontal width of the front slope is 590cm-620cm, the horizontal width of the rear slope is 130cm-150cm, the vertical height of the shed ridge is 315cm-365cm, and the inner height of the rear wall is 205cm-225cm. The overall excavation height is 50cm-60cm, the thickness of the left and right walls of the greenhouse is 200cm, and the lines on both sides are vertical. 65-75°, the rear slope angle is 38-46°, and the inclination angles of the shed surface at the vertical distances of 75cm, 175cm, 275cm, 375cm, and 475cm from the front bottom angle of the daylighting shed are 39°, 25°, and 18° respectively. , 15° and 12°, dig a cold-proof ditch at 25cm-30cm outside the front footline of the greenhouse, the length of the cold-proof ditch is the same as the length of the greenhouse or slightly longer than the greenhouse, 50cm-70cm wide, 50cm-80cm deep, and keep warm on the back slope The thickness of the layer is 30cm-65cm.

The bottom plane of the cold-proof ditch is covered with a layer of plastic film, then filled with corn stalks or sunflower stalks, covered with a layer of plastic film and then covered with soil, or 5 cm thick styrene-acrylic board material is used to insulate the cold.

The insulation layer is made of corn stalks, sunflower stalks or styrene-acrylic board materials.

The utility model has the following advantages and positive effects:

(1) The utility model has made technical improvements to the greenhouse in many aspects such as the angle of the daylighting roof, the orientation of the greenhouse, the digging greenhouse, the thickness of the wall, the digging of the cold-proof ditch, the ratio of the front and rear slopes, and the reasonable length of the solar energy-saving greenhouse. The greenhouse built in the cold area of 39-41° north latitude can reach 10°C in the early morning before and after the winter solstice, realizing the effect of production without heating in severe winter. It can reach about 35°C, which provides a technical guarantee for the gas exchange of the solar energy-saving greenhouse and reduces the humidity in the shed, so that the shed can absorb and store heat to the maximum extent, and creates basic conditions for heat release at night. At a high temperature of around 35°C, the skylight can be opened at noon for gas exchange and dehumidification, and the drop in humidity is conducive to the normal growth of vegetables and reduces the disadvantages of vegetables suffering from various diseases due to high temperature and high humidity, low temperature and high humidity;

(2) The solar energy-saving greenhouse of the utility model is constructed with a steel frame derivative structure, which is durable, safe and reliable, has good stability, has strong wind and snow resistance, and has a long service life. It can be used for 20-30 years once a shed is built;

(3) The utility model can use solar radiation to maintain the normal production of temperature-loving vegetables, and can carry out off-season cultivation of temperature-loving vegetables, and produce without heating in severe winter. The temperature of the shed can reach 10°C in the early morning before and after the winter solstice, and 8°C in a short period of time in cloudy and snowy days. Basically meet the physiological temperature requirements of crops. Therefore, the solar energy-saving greenhouse of the present invention has remarkable economic benefits and is easy to popularize and apply.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a warm-winter solar energy-saving greenhouse.

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the side structure of a warm-winter solar energy-saving greenhouse.

In the figure: 1. Left and right walls, 2. Rear wall 3. Steel frame derivative structure, 4. Greenhouse film, 5. Horizontal width inside the greenhouse, 6. Horizontal width of the front slope, 7. Level of the rear slope Width, 8. Vertical height of the shed ridge, 9. Height of the inner side of the back wall, 10. The overall digging height of the greenhouse, 11. The narrowest part of the back wall thickness, 12. The outer wall line, 13. The front bottom angle of the lighting shed surface, 14. Rear slope angle, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, respectively, the inclination angle of the shed surface at the vertical distance from the front bottom angle of 75cm, 175cm, 275cm, 375cm, 475cm, 20, anti-cold ditch, 21 Insulation on rear slope.

Detailed ways

Build a warm-winter type solar energy-saving greenhouse in the cold area of 39-41° north latitude.

First of all, choose a site with flat terrain, high dryness, leeward, sunny, and convenient transportation. Generally, construction starts in early April and ends before September 20. This is because off-season vegetable solar greenhouses are generally used from September to March of the following year. In order to facilitate use and reduce land heat loss, the greenhouse should be completed before the local average daily temperature is 14-16°C. After that, the temperature will drop rapidly. If the greenhouse is completed Later, it will take about one month to restore the normal temperature of the greenhouse, and the temperature requirements of temperature-loving and light-loving vegetables cannot be guaranteed. Only leafy vegetables can be planted, and the output and economic benefits of vegetables are greatly reduced, which prolongs the return on investment period.

In order to maximize the use of sunlight, the greenhouse adopts the orientation of facing south and extending from east to west. The azimuth of the greenhouse is 5° west by south of the true meridian.

When building a greenhouse, firstly, the overall excavation height 10 of the planning greenhouse with a length of 60 meters to 80 meters and a horizontal width of 720cm to 750cm is 50cm to 60cm, and the left and right walls 1 and the rear wall 2 are built. The thickness 11 of the narrowest part of the upper part is 200cm, and the outer wall line 12 is a slope made of natural soil. The advantages of digging down the greenhouse are: first, the daily temperature difference of the greenhouse in winter is small and the temperature is kept warm; second, the inner height of the rear wall of the greenhouse is 205cm-225cm, and the actual outer height is only 155cm-175cm, which not only reduces the amount of construction, but also The area to prevent cold temperature from invading is reduced, and the construction effect is multiplied with half the effort. Before building the wall, shovel the 30 cm mellow soil layer to the front for accumulation with a shovel, and backfill the mellow soil after the greenhouse wall is built.

The second is the welding and installation of the steel frame derivative structure 3. The method of fixing the angle of the greenhouse scaffolding is: draw a straight line on the construction site, determine the O point, and measure the design fixed angle point vertically according to the drawing at each level, that is, the vertical amount at 75cm Out of 69-109cm, 141-181cm at 175cm, 180-228cm at 275cm, 220-260cm at 375cm, 245-285cm at 475cm, fix two steel pillars at each point, and leave a gap between the steel bars, which can be welded and installed as designed The front bottom angle 13 of the daylighting shed surface is 65-75°, the back slope depression angle 14 is 38-46°, and the shed surface inclination angle 15, 16, 17, 18, and 19 are 39°, 25°, 18°, 15°, and 12° respectively, so that the vertical height 8 of the shed ridge can be 315cm-365cm, the horizontal width 6 of the front slope can be 590cm-620cm, and the back slope The horizontal width 7 of the surface is a warm-winter solar energy-saving greenhouse frame of 130cm-150cm. The greenhouse film 4 is laid on the steel frame derivative structure 3 .

Then at the outside 25cm-30cm of the front foot line of the greenhouse, dig a length that is the same as the length of the greenhouse or slightly longer than the greenhouse, wide 50cm-70cm, and a cold-proof ditch 20 of 50cm-80cm deep. The intrusion of the low temperature of the soil outside the shed prevents the root system of the crops at the front of the shed from being damaged by the low temperature. It is an important structural part of a warm-winter solar energy-saving greenhouse. After laying a layer of plastic film on the bottom plane of the cold-proof ditch to prevent the underground moisture from returning, then fill it with corn stalks or sunflower stalks, cover it with a layer of plastic film to prevent water leakage, and then cover it with soil or use a 0.05-meter-thick styrene-acrylic board The material is cold.

Stack corn stalks, sunflower stalks or styrene-acrylic board materials with a thickness of 30cm-65cm on the back slope of the greenhouse to keep warm and keep out the cold.

Claims (2)

1. warm-in-winter energy-saving solar greenhouse, by left and right sides body of wall (1), back wall (2) and and by the steelframe transparent shelf daylighting face formation that body structure (3) and greenhouse canopy film (4) form of spreading out, the azimuth in greenhouse is 5 ° of true meridian souths by west, length is 60m-80m, it is characterized in that: horizontal width (5) 720cm-750cm in the greenhouse canopy, domatic horizontal width (6) 590cm-620cm wherein, back domatic horizontal width (7) 130cm-150cm, canopy ridge vertical height (8) 315cm-365cm, after side height (9) 205cm-225cm within the walls, dig height (10) 50cm-60cm under the greenhouse integral body, the left and right sides, greenhouse body of wall (1) thickness 200cm, two side lines are vertical, the 200cm of back wall (2) the narrowest places of thickness (11), the interior wall line is vertical substantially, the natural soil body completion of exterior wall line (12) slope, the preceding base angle (13) of shelf daylighting face is 65-75 °, back slope angle (14) is 38-46 °, the preceding base angle of shelf daylighting identity distance vertical range 75cm, 175cm, 275cm, 375cm, the canopy face tilt angle (15 at 475cm place, 16,17,18,19) be respectively 39 °, 25 °, 18 °, 15 °, 12 °, a winter protection ditch (20) is dug at 25cm-30cm place, the payment to a porter outside before the greenhouse, the length of winter protection ditch (20) is identical with the length in greenhouse or slightly be longer than the greenhouse, wide 50cm-70cm, dark 50cm-80cm, the domatic thickness of going up heat-insulation layer (21) in back is 30cm-65cm.

2. according to claim 1 warm-in-winter energy-saving solar greenhouse, it is characterized in that described heat-insulation layer (21) is maize straw, sunflower stalk or phenylpropyl alcohol sheet material material.

Images