CN201890831U - 一种温室大棚沼气肥发酵罐 - Google Patents
一种温室大棚沼气肥发酵罐 Download PDFInfo
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- CN201890831U CN201890831U CN 201020647712 CN201020647712U CN201890831U CN 201890831 U CN201890831 U CN 201890831U CN 201020647712 CN201020647712 CN 201020647712 CN 201020647712 U CN201020647712 U CN 201020647712U CN 201890831 U CN201890831 U CN 201890831U
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0nMS4wJyBlbmNvZGluZz0naXNvLTg4NTktMSc/Pgo8c3ZnIHZlcnNpb249JzEuMScgYmFzZVByb2ZpbGU9J2Z1bGwnCiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJwogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgeG1sbnM6cmRraXQ9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cucmRraXQub3JnL3htbCcKICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIHhtbG5zOnhsaW5rPSdodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8xOTk5L3hsaW5rJwogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICB4bWw6c3BhY2U9J3ByZXNlcnZlJwp3aWR0aD0nMzAwcHgnIGhlaWdodD0nMzAwcHgnIHZpZXdCb3g9JzAgMCAzMDAgMzAwJz4KPCEtLSBFTkQgT0YgSEVBREVSIC0tPgo8cmVjdCBzdHlsZT0nb3BhY2l0eToxLjA7ZmlsbDojRkZGRkZGO3N0cm9rZTpub25lJyB3aWR0aD0nMzAwJyBoZWlnaHQ9JzMwMCcgeD0nMCcgeT0nMCc+IDwvcmVjdD4KPHRleHQgeD0nMTM4JyB5PScxNzAnIGNsYXNzPSdhdG9tLTAnIHN0eWxlPSdmb250LXNpemU6NDBweDtmb250LXN0eWxlOm5vcm1hbDtmb250LXdlaWdodDpub3JtYWw7ZmlsbC1vcGFjaXR5OjE7c3Ryb2tlOm5vbmU7Zm9udC1mYW1pbHk6c2Fucy1zZXJpZjt0ZXh0LWFuY2hvcjpzdGFydDtmaWxsOiMzQjQxNDMnID5DPC90ZXh0Pgo8dGV4dCB4PScxNjUuNicgeT0nMTcwJyBjbGFzcz0nYXRvbS0wJyBzdHlsZT0nZm9udC1zaXplOjQwcHg7Zm9udC1zdHlsZTpub3JtYWw7Zm9udC13ZWlnaHQ6bm9ybWFsO2ZpbGwtb3BhY2l0eToxO3N0cm9rZTpub25lO2ZvbnQtZmFtaWx5OnNhbnMtc2VyaWY7dGV4dC1hbmNob3I6c3RhcnQ7ZmlsbDojM0I0MTQzJyA+SDwvdGV4dD4KPHRleHQgeD0nMTkzLjInIHk9JzE4NicgY2xhc3M9J2F0b20tMCcgc3R5bGU9J2ZvbnQtc2l6ZToyNnB4O2ZvbnQtc3R5bGU6bm9ybWFsO2ZvbnQtd2VpZ2h0Om5vcm1hbDtmaWxsLW9wYWNpdHk6MTtzdHJva2U6bm9uZTtmb250LWZhbWlseTpzYW5zLXNlcmlmO3RleHQtYW5jaG9yOnN0YXJ0O2ZpbGw6IzNCNDE0MycgPjQ8L3RleHQ+Cjwvc3ZnPgo= data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 210000003608 Feces Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon dioxide Chemical compound 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- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
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Abstract
本实用新型属于沼气发酵制肥设备技术领域，提供了一种温室大棚沼气肥发酵罐，该罐采用顶水压间、双循环系统的设计，外形为圆柱状体，罐体内中上部固定设置隔板。导气管由顶盖上方穿入通过隔板直达储气间上部；进料通道管由隔板上方穿入通过隔板直达发酵物料间上部；抽提式出料通道管设置在罐体内一侧，由顶盖上方穿入通过隔板直达罐体底部，其上端设置有可转向管。本新型针对性强，结构独特，设计新颖，发酵产肥周期短，以温室大棚生产过程中的枯枝落叶及残次农产品等废弃物为有机物料，既可满足温室大棚种植对优质有机肥和二氧化碳气肥的需要，又可解决生产中废弃物的污染问题。
Description
一种温室大棚沼气肥发酵罐
技术领域
[0001] 本实用新型属于沼气发酵制肥设备技术领域，具体涉及一种温室大棚沼气肥发酵罐。
背景技术
[0002] 近年来，以温室大棚为主要方式的设施栽培迅速发展，种植作物种类以蔬菜为主， 另外还有瓜类、花卉和果树。据统计，仅陕西省蔬菜设施栽培总面积已达163万亩，其中日 光温室沈万亩、大拱棚39万亩、中小棚98万亩；据调查，2009年日光温室每亩纯收入2万 元左右，大棚每亩纯收入8000元左右，中小棚6000元左右，形成了品种新、规模大、效益高 的特点及区域化生产格局。
[0003] 但是，目前在设施栽培生产中的突出问题主要有：一是化肥的投入量过大，导致土 壤理化性状变差、农产品品质下降、生产成本增大；二是有机肥肥源不足、质量不高、亩施用 量较低，特别是施用腐化程度差的畜禽粪便，其携带的各类病原菌不能彻底杀灭，对无公害 农产品的生产带来潜在威胁；三是设施栽培的特殊环境和土壤连作障碍，导致病虫害发生 频繁，农药用量不断上升，引发农药残留及生产成本增大等问题；四是设施栽培的生物产量 高，大量的枯枝落叶及残次产品无法及时处理，易造成环境污染和病菌的二次传播。
[0004] 沼气发酵是有机物质（粪便、秸秆等）在厌氧条件下，经多类群微生物的分解代 谢，最终产生沼气的生物化学过程。沼气主要成分为甲烷和二氧化碳，甲烷燃烧时又产生大 量的二氧化碳，二氧化碳气体俗称气肥，是植物光合作用的主要原料，在设施栽培中施用的 增产效果极为显著。沼液和沼渣是沼气发酵后的残留液体和固体，富含有机质、氨基酸、氮 磷钾和微量元素，以及B族维生素、各种水解酶、某些植物生长素、对病虫害有抑制作用的 物质或因子。大量实践表明，沼液和沼渣是一种优质的有机肥料。
[0005] 沼气发酵是一个产气和造肥同时并进的过程。近年来，我国大力发展农村户用沼 气池建设，有效解决了农民生活用能问题，但沼肥的应用还不能满足农业生产的需要。一是 沼气池一般都建在农户庭院，距田间较远，沼肥使用不方便；二是户用沼气池池型的设计， 以满足农户生活用沼气和净化庭院为目的，池体容积较大、建造费时费工费用高，沼肥出料 不方便，周期也较长；三是户用沼气池的设计原料以畜禽粪便为主，对秸秆等农田废弃物难 以应用。
[0006] 因此，有效解决温室大棚优质有机肥源，增加有机肥的施用量和使用效率，减少化 肥和农药的投入量，提高农产品品质和商品率，实现节本增效，是设施栽培中亟需要解决的 重大技术课题。
发明内容
[0007] 本实用新型的目的是针对温室大棚特殊的气侯条件及种植特点，运用水压式沼气 池的发酵原理，以田间有机废弃物（枯枝落叶及残次产品）为主要原料，以满足温室大棚种 植对优质有机肥和二氧化碳气肥的需要为主要目的，研制、开发一种适应温室大棚的沼气发酵装置——温室大棚沼气肥发酵罐，以解决温室大棚优质肥源和生产中废弃物污染的问 题。
[0008] 本实用新型的技术方案是：
[0009] 一种温室大棚沼气肥发酵罐，包括罐体、顶盖及隔板，出料通道管，导气管和进料 通道管，其特征在于：所述罐体为圆柱体，罐体内中上部固定设置隔板，出料通道管设置在 罐体内一侧，由顶盖上方穿入通过隔板直达罐体底部，导气管由顶盖上方穿入通过隔板，进 料通道管由隔板上方穿入通过隔板直达罐体中下部。
[0010] 所述隔板上设置向上的凸起，导气管一端由顶盖上方穿入通过隔板向上的凸起， 与隔板边缘持平。
[0011] 所述出料通道管为抽提式出料通道管，出料通道管内设置手提拉杆，手提拉杆底 部设置皮碗，底部设置45度角开口的抽料孔，中下部设置由外向内的单向阀作为抽料液 孔，上端设置可转向管。
[0012] 所述顶盖为上弧形可移动盖板，顶盖上设置进料口和与可转向管对应的转向回流管口。
[0013] 所述进料通道管为塞流式进料通道管。
[0014] 相对于现有技术，传统的水压式沼气池体积在8立方米以上，全地下式，多为平底 椭圆状，商品沼气池则为圆球状或椭圆，水压间一般与出料池、进料池分离，采用旋流布料 墙或水压间与发酵间之间沼液回流形成强制回流搅拌的动力，本实用新型根据温室大棚的 特殊气候条件、种植方式以及对优质有机肥和二氧化碳的需求相匹配，确定温室大棚沼气 肥发酵罐的外形、容量大小和发酵方式，采用顶水压间、双循环系统的设计，其特点是：
[0015] 1、专用性强。传统沼气池主要以满足农户生活用能和净化庭院为目的，以人畜粪 便为原料，一般都建在农户庭院，距温室大棚距离远，沼肥使用不方便，无法利用温室大棚 生产过程中的枯枝落叶及残次农产品等废弃物。本发明对温室大棚特殊的气侯条件及种植 特点，以温室大棚生产过程中的枯枝落叶及残次农产品等废弃物为有机物料，以满足温室 大棚种植对优质有机肥和二氧化碳气肥的需要，以及解决生产中废弃物的污染问题为主要 目的，实现了温室大棚作物废弃物——沼气肥——温室大棚农作物的生态循环系统。
[0016] 2、结构独特。传统的水压式沼气池，水压间一般与出料池、进料池分离，采用旋流 布料墙形成强制回流搅拌的动力。罐体结构采用顶水压间、双循环系统的设计，尺寸大小与 温室大棚的大小相匹配，由顶盖（活动）、水压间、隔板（固定）、储气间、发酵物料间以及导 气管、塞流式进料通道管、抽提式出料通道管构成，罐体被隔板分为两个工作腔，其顶板至 隔板工作腔部分为水压间，隔板至罐体底部依靠发酵物料产气后向下的压力，使底部液体 向水压间回流，而被分为中部的储气间和下部的发酵物料间这两个动态空间。罐体从上向 下依次为：顶盖、水压间、隔板、储气间、发酵物料间，设计三个通道管：一是从储气间顶部 穿过隔板、水压间、和顶盖，向外延伸的导气管；二是从水压间底部穿过隔板至发酵物料间 上部的塞流式进料通道管，在“气压水”和“水压气”的作用下，可使发酵物料间沼液向上回 流、水压间的沼液向下回流，从而形成第一个搅拌循环系统；三是从上向下穿过顶盖直至发 酵物料间底部的抽提式出料通道管。出料通道管中间为人工提杆，提杆底部设置皮碗；底端 为45度角开口的抽料口，可抽提出发酵物料间底部的沼液和沼渣；中下部设置有由外向内 的单向阀，作为沼液抽料口，可抽取发酵物料间中上部的沼液；上端设置可转向管，可向罐体外转动和向顶盖的转向回流管口转动，用人工提杆抽动后，既可向外出料，又可将底部沼 液向上抽至水压间，通过水压间的进料通道管向下回流到下部发酵物料间，形成第二个搅 拌循环系统。这两个循环体系形成较强的动力，使池内液料自循环，可避免发酵物料的结壳 和沉淀，有利于发酵菌在发酵物料中的均勻分布，提高发酵产气效能。
[0017] 3、设计新颖。传统的水压式沼气池体积在6立方米以上，全地下式，多为平底椭圆 状，建造方法为在现场下挖近20立方米的土坑，以钢模具水泥砂浆现浇或用砖砌，需5-7天 的时间，即使商品化的“玻璃钢沼气池”也为圆球或椭圆型，亦需在地下开挖、掩埋。本发明 罐体外形为圆柱状体，半地下式，高度为200-230厘米，直径为120-150厘米，体积为1. 9-3 立方米。罐体可拆分进行标准化工厂生产、运输方便，在现场进行组合安装，建设周期短，劳 动强度小。可以半掩埋的方式放置在温室大棚的角落，罐体高出地面70-90厘米，体现了人 性化设计，不管是人工投料、抽提出料，还是维护保养，都可不弯腰、易操作。
[0018] 4、产肥量高。温室大棚特殊的气候条件和本发明独特的双循环系统及罐体外形结 构，能使发酵菌分布均勻，料液不结壳、不沉淀，从而提高产气效率，缩短有机物料的腐熟周 期，20天左右即可出料用肥；温室大棚的作物废弃物含水量较高，经粉碎处理后随时都可 放置进水压间进行处理，保证有充足的原料补充。实现就地取材、就地施用。据测算，本发 明每年可提供沼液、沼渣（优质的生物有机肥）1. 5万公斤以上，二氧化碳气体150立方米 左右ο
附图说明
[0019] 附图1为本实用新型的结构示意图。
[0020] 图中，1-罐体，2-顶盖，3-隔板，4-出料通道管，5-导气管，6_进料通道管，7_抽 料液孔，8-抽料孔，9-手提拉杆，10-皮碗，11-可转向管，12-转向回流管口，13-进料口， 14-凸起。
具体实施方式
[0021] 本实用新型所提供的一种温室大棚沼气肥发酵罐，由圆柱体的罐体1、顶盖2及隔 板3，出料通道管4，导气管5和进料通道管6组成，在罐体1内中上部固定设置隔板3，出料 通道管4设置在罐体1内一侧，由顶盖2上方穿入通过隔板3直达罐体1底部，隔板3上设 置向上的凸起14，导气管5 —端由顶盖2上方穿入通过隔板3向上的凸起14与隔板3边缘 持平，进料通道管6为塞流式进料通道管，由隔板3上方穿入通过隔板3直达罐体中下部， 出料通道管4为抽提式出料通道管，底部设置由外向内的单向阀，作为沼液抽料液孔7和45 度角的抽料孔8，出料通道管4内设置手提拉杆9，手提拉杆9底部设置皮碗10，抽料孔7为 45度角开口，上端设置有可转向管11，在可移动的顶盖2上设置进料口 13和与可转向管11 对应的转向回流管口 12。
[0022] 安装时，可将本发明以半掩埋的方式安装放置在温室大棚的角落，罐体高出地面 70-90厘米；使用时，通过进料口 13向罐内进料，并放置使其腐熟，腐熟期间可通过手提拉 杆9的上下拉动，促使罐内料液不结壳、不沉淀，从而提高产气效率，缩短有机物料的腐熟 周期。
[0023] 以上实施例仅用以说明而非限制本实用新型的技术方案，尽管参照上述实施例对本实用新型进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：已然可以对本实用新型进 行修改或同等替换，而不脱离本实用新型的精神和范围任何修改或局部替换，其均应涵盖 在本实用新型的权利要求当中。
Claims (5)
1. 一种温室大棚沼气肥发酵罐，包括罐体、顶盖及隔板，出料通道管，导气管和进料通 道管，其特征在于：所述罐体为圆柱体，罐体内中上部固定设置隔板，出料通道管设置在罐 体内一侧，由顶盖上方穿入通过隔板直达罐体底部，导气管由顶盖上方穿入通过隔板，进料 通道管由隔板上方穿入通过隔板直达罐体中下部。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种温室大棚沼气肥发酵罐，其特征在于：所述隔板上设置 向上的凸起，导气管一端由顶盖上方穿入通过隔板向上的凸起，与隔板边缘持平。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种温室大棚沼气肥发酵罐，其特征在于：所述出料通 道管为抽提式出料通道管，出料通道管内设置手提拉杆，手提拉杆底部设置皮碗，底部设置 45度角开口的抽料孔，中下部设置由外向内的单向阀作为抽料液孔，上端设置可转向管。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种温室大棚沼气肥发酵罐，其特征在于：所述顶盖为上弧 形可移动盖板，顶盖上设置进料口和与可转向管对应的转向回流管口。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种温室大棚沼气肥发酵罐，其特征在于：所述进料通道管 为塞流式进料通道管。
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102485703A (zh) * | 2010-12-06 | 2012-06-06 | 陕西华海生物科技有限公司 | 一种温室大棚沼气肥发酵罐 |
| CN104004651A (zh) * | 2014-06-11 | 2014-08-27 | 许显国 | 一种具有诊所的高频振导沼气呼吸机 |
| CN104109630A (zh) * | 2014-07-22 | 2014-10-22 | 许显国 | 一种智能自搅拌沼气呼吸机 |
| CN108165461A (zh) * | 2018-02-12 | 2018-06-15 | 干鑫驰 | 一种高效的食品发酵装置 |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102485703A (zh) * | 2010-12-06 | 2012-06-06 | 陕西华海生物科技有限公司 | 一种温室大棚沼气肥发酵罐 |
| CN104004651A (zh) * | 2014-06-11 | 2014-08-27 | 许显国 | 一种具有诊所的高频振导沼气呼吸机 |
| CN104004651B (zh) * | 2014-06-11 | 2016-02-10 | 许显国 | 一种具有诊所的高频振导沼气呼吸机 |
| CN104109630A (zh) * | 2014-07-22 | 2014-10-22 | 许显国 | 一种智能自搅拌沼气呼吸机 |
| CN104109630B (zh) * | 2014-07-22 | 2016-05-04 | 许显国 | 一种智能自搅拌沼气呼吸机 |
| CN108165461A (zh) * | 2018-02-12 | 2018-06-15 | 干鑫驰 | 一种高效的食品发酵装置 |
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