CN201844700U - Special device for dedusting with high-temperature and high-dusty flue gas and utilizing waste heat for generation of electric furnace - Google Patents
Special device for dedusting with high-temperature and high-dusty flue gas and utilizing waste heat for generation of electric furnace Download PDFInfo
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011555 saturated liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
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Abstract
一种电炉高温高含尘烟气除尘及余热发电专用装置，包括由管路依次连接的电炉、引风机、排气筒，其特征在于：所述电炉和引风机之间通过管路依次连接有高温除尘器、蓄烟室，所述高温除尘器中设置有陶瓷滤芯，所述蓄烟室内安装有一次表面蒸发器，一次表面蒸发器一端与工质循环泵连接，另一端与汽轮机连接，汽轮机一端与管壳式冷凝器连接，另一端与发电机连接，管壳式冷凝器一端与工质循环泵连接，另一端与水泵连接，管壳式冷凝器出口接冷却塔，冷却塔与水泵连接。其进一步特征在于：采用R152a为循环有机工质。本实用新型可最大限度地回收烟气中的热能转化为电能，蓄烟室无须卸灰、清灰、输灰设施，延长了设备的使用寿命，环保效果好。
A special device for dedusting and waste heat power generation of high-temperature and high-dust flue gas of an electric furnace, including an electric furnace, an induced draft fan, and an exhaust tube connected in sequence by pipelines, and is characterized in that: the electric furnace and the induced draft fan are connected in sequence through pipelines A high-temperature dust collector and a smoke storage chamber. The high-temperature dust collector is equipped with a ceramic filter element. A primary surface evaporator is installed in the smoke storage chamber. One end of the primary surface evaporator is connected to the working fluid circulation pump, and the other end is connected to the steam turbine. The steam turbine One end is connected to the shell-and-tube condenser, and the other end is connected to the generator. One end of the shell-and-tube condenser is connected to the working fluid circulation pump, and the other end is connected to the water pump. The outlet of the shell-and-tube condenser is connected to the cooling tower, and the cooling tower is connected to the water pump. . It is further characterized in that: R152a is used as the circulating organic working fluid. The utility model can recover the heat energy in the flue gas and convert it into electric energy to the greatest extent, and the smoke storage chamber does not need ash unloading, ash cleaning, and ash transportation facilities, prolongs the service life of the equipment, and has good environmental protection effect.
Description
所属技术领域Technical field
本实用新型属于电炉除尘余热发电领域，涉及电炉烟气的除尘及余热发电。The utility model belongs to the field of electric furnace dust removal waste heat power generation, and relates to electric furnace flue gas dust removal and waste heat power generation.
背景技术Background technique
电炉炼钢烟气温度很高，经捕集后进入管道的温度一般在1200℃左右，粉尘浓度达30g/Nm3，小于10um的灰占粉尘总量的80％以上，粉尘量大，并且粘而细。目前通常采用先换热降温(换热降温方式有：机力冷却器换热、喷雾冷却换热、余热锅炉换热等)后除尘的方法。先换热降温后除尘的方法存在诸多缺点：The temperature of electric furnace steelmaking flue gas is very high. After being captured, the temperature entering the pipeline is generally around 1200°C. The dust concentration is up to 30g/Nm 3 , and dust less than 10um accounts for more than 80% of the total dust. And thin. At present, the method of heat exchange and cooling is usually adopted first (heat exchange and cooling methods include: mechanical cooler heat exchange, spray cooling heat exchange, waste heat boiler heat exchange, etc.) and then dust removal method. There are many disadvantages in the method of heat exchange and cooling before dust removal:
1、机力冷却器换热后除尘：降温效果差，进口烟气温度不宜大于500℃，降温范围有限，机冷器管壁容易堵灰，造成烧布袋，系统无法正常运行。1. Dust removal after heat exchange of the mechanical cooler: the cooling effect is poor, the inlet flue gas temperature should not exceed 500°C, the cooling range is limited, the tube wall of the mechanical cooler is easy to be blocked with ash, resulting in burning cloth bags, and the system cannot operate normally.
2、喷雾冷却换热后除尘：增加烟气中水的含量，不仅使布袋板结，还容易造成水与粉尘粘结，造成系统设备堵塞。2. Dust removal after spray cooling and heat exchange: increasing the water content in the flue gas will not only harden the bag, but also easily cause water and dust to bond, resulting in blockage of system equipment.
3、余热锅炉换热后除尘：由于烟气中含有大量的粉尘，粘而细的粉尘即使在光管的热管元件上也会出现积灰、堵塞现象，对于环向翅片管的热管元件积灰、堵塞更加严重，同时为了防止结灰，余热利用设施中换热核心元件翅片间距大，不仅影响换热效率，造成余热锅炉产汽量不足，更为严重的是由于余热锅炉堵灰，系统运行不稳定，造成冶炼生产无法正常进行，被迫停产检修。3. Dust removal after heat exchange of the waste heat boiler: Since the flue gas contains a large amount of dust, the sticky and fine dust will accumulate dust and blockage even on the heat pipe elements of the light pipe. Ash and clogging are more serious. At the same time, in order to prevent ash formation, the heat exchange core element fin spacing in the waste heat utilization facility is large, which not only affects the heat exchange efficiency, but also causes insufficient steam production of the waste heat boiler. What is more serious is that the waste heat boiler is blocked by ash. The unstable operation of the system caused the smelting production to be unable to proceed normally, and was forced to stop production for maintenance.
由于以上缺点，工程中采用许多吹灰方法：如激波吹灰、蒸汽吹灰、落丸清灰等，但由于粉尘细而粘，并且粉尘量大，每生产1吨钢就会产生30kg粉尘，这些清灰方式收效甚微，无法从根本上解决积灰、堵塞问题。Due to the above shortcomings, many soot blowing methods are used in the project: such as shock wave soot blowing, steam soot blowing, falling shot cleaning, etc., but because the dust is fine and sticky, and the amount of dust is large, 30kg of dust will be generated for every ton of steel produced. However, these dust removal methods have little effect and cannot fundamentally solve the problem of dust accumulation and blockage.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本实用新型的目的是提供一种电炉高温高含尘烟气除尘及余热发电专用装置。该专用装置不仅能最大限度地回收烟气中的热能转化为高品位电能，拖动除尘风机，同时可降低烟气的排放温度，改善除尘能力，并且不影响电炉炼钢生产的稳定和连续，还能得到很好的除尘效果，排放的粉尘浓度小于8mg/Nm3。The purpose of the utility model is to provide a special device for dust removal and waste heat power generation of electric furnace high temperature and high dust content flue gas. This special device can not only recycle the heat energy in the flue gas into high-grade electric energy to the greatest extent, but also drive the dust removal fan, and at the same time reduce the discharge temperature of the flue gas, improve the dust removal ability, and not affect the stability and continuity of the electric furnace steelmaking production. A good dust removal effect can also be obtained, and the dust concentration discharged is less than 8mg/Nm 3 .
本实用新型所采用的技术方案如下：电炉高温高含尘烟气除尘及余热发电专用装置，包括由管路依次连接的电炉、引风机、排气筒，其特征在于：所述电炉和引风机之间通过管路依次连接有高温除尘器、蓄烟室，所述高温除尘器中设置有陶瓷滤芯，所述蓄烟室内安装有一次表面蒸发器，一次表面蒸发器的进口端与工质循环泵的高压出口端连接，一次表面蒸发器的出口端经管道后与汽轮机的上部法兰接口连接，低沸点工质汽轮机的下部接口通过管道与管壳式冷凝器的进气口连接，管壳式冷凝器的液相出口通过管道与工质循环泵的低压进口端连接，低沸点工质汽轮机与三相发电机连接，管壳式冷凝器的一个端部法兰接口与水泵连接，管壳式冷凝器的另一个端部接冷却塔，冷却塔与水泵连接，构成一个回路。The technical scheme adopted by the utility model is as follows: the special device for dedusting the high-temperature and high-dust flue gas of the electric furnace and waste heat power generation, including an electric furnace, an induced draft fan, and an exhaust tube connected by pipelines in sequence, is characterized in that: the electric furnace and the induced draft fan A high-temperature dust collector and a smoke storage chamber are connected in sequence through pipelines. The high-temperature dust collector is provided with a ceramic filter element. The primary surface evaporator is installed in the smoke storage chamber. The high-pressure outlet of the pump is connected, the outlet of the primary surface evaporator is connected to the upper flange interface of the steam turbine through the pipeline, and the lower interface of the low-boiling point working medium steam turbine is connected to the inlet of the shell-and-tube condenser through the pipeline. The liquid phase outlet of the type condenser is connected to the low-pressure inlet of the working medium circulation pump through a pipeline, the low boiling point working medium steam turbine is connected to the three-phase generator, one end flange interface of the shell-and-tube condenser is connected to the water pump, and the shell-and-tube condenser is connected to the water pump. The other end of the condenser is connected to the cooling tower, and the cooling tower is connected to the water pump to form a circuit.
其进一步特征在于：采用R152a为循环有机工质。It is further characterized in that: R152a is used as the circulating organic working fluid.
本实用新型有益效果是：由于本实用新型余热发电装置放在高温除尘器后，热源烟气含尘量低，因此可以将蓄烟室内的换热核心单元翅片间距设计很小；而且无须卸灰、清灰、输灰设施；体积减小，同时维护量减小，也延长了蓄烟室的使用寿命，粉尘排放浓度更低。与现有技术相比，本实用新型具有如下优点、经济效果：The beneficial effects of the utility model are: since the waste heat power generation device of the utility model is placed behind the high-temperature dust collector, the dust content of the heat source flue gas is low, so the fin spacing of the heat exchange core unit in the smoke storage chamber can be designed to be very small; and there is no need to unload Ash, ash cleaning, and ash transportation facilities; the volume is reduced, and the amount of maintenance is reduced at the same time, which also prolongs the service life of the smoke storage chamber, and the dust emission concentration is lower. Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following advantages and economic effects:
1.最大限度地回收烟气中的热能转化为高品位电能，用于生产。1. Maximize the recovery of the heat energy in the flue gas and convert it into high-grade electric energy for production.
2.满足循环经济的要求，符合节能减排的国家政策。2. Meet the requirements of circular economy and the national policy of energy saving and emission reduction.
3.蓄烟室不积灰，不堵塞，换热效率提高7～8倍。3. The smoke storage chamber does not accumulate dust and is not blocked, and the heat exchange efficiency is increased by 7 to 8 times.
4.省掉了蓄烟室的吹灰系统，从而降低了造价及运行费用。4. The soot blowing system in the smoke storage chamber is omitted, thereby reducing the cost of construction and operation.
5.采用耐高温陶瓷滤芯除尘器，排放浓度≤8mg/Nm3。5. Adopt high-temperature resistant ceramic filter element dust collector, the emission concentration is ≤8mg/Nm 3 .
6.应用范围广，电炉除尘余热发电都可采用。6. It has a wide range of applications, and can be used for electric furnace dust removal and waste heat power generation.
综上所述，本方案采用先除尘后余热发电的装置，烟尘排放浓度低，发电量多，装置运行稳定能耗低。To sum up, this scheme adopts a device that first removes dust and then generates electricity with waste heat, with low smoke and dust emission concentration, large power generation, stable operation and low energy consumption.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本实用新型的装置结构示意图。图中1.电炉，2.四孔水冷滑套，3.燃烧沉降室，4.高温除尘器，5.蓄烟室，6.风机，7.排气筒，8.一次表面蒸发器，9.低沸点工质汽轮机，10.三相发电机，11.工质循环泵，12.水泵，13.管壳式冷凝器，14.冷却塔。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the device structure of the present utility model. In the figure 1. Electric furnace, 2. Four-hole water-cooled sliding sleeve, 3. Combustion settling chamber, 4. High temperature dust collector, 5. Smoke storage chamber, 6. Fan, 7. Exhaust tube, 8. Primary surface evaporator, 9 . Low boiling point working medium steam turbine, 10. Three-phase generator, 11. Working medium circulation pump, 12. Water pump, 13. Shell-and-tube condenser, 14. Cooling tower.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本实用新型作进一步说明。Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the utility model is further described.
本实用新型中电炉高温高含尘烟气除尘及余热发电专用设备包括燃烧沉降室3、高温除尘器4、蓄烟室5、主风机6、排气筒7，所述燃烧沉降室通过管道顺序连接高温除尘器4、蓄烟室5、主风机6、排气筒7，所述高温除尘器4中设置有陶瓷滤芯，所述蓄烟室5内安装有一次表面蒸发器8，一次表面蒸发器8的进口端与工质循环泵11的高压出口端连接，一次表面蒸发器8的出口端经管道后与低沸点工质汽轮机9的上部法兰接口连接，低沸点工质汽轮机9的下部接口通过管道与管壳式冷凝器13的进气口连接，管壳式冷凝器13的液相出口通过管道与工质循环泵11的低压进口端连接，低沸点工质汽轮机9与三相发电机10连接，管壳式冷凝器13的一个端部法兰接口与水泵12连接，管壳式冷凝器13的另一个端部接冷却塔14，冷却塔14与水泵12连接，构成一个回路。The special equipment for dust removal and waste heat power generation of high-temperature and high-dust flue gas of electric furnace in the utility model includes a combustion settling chamber 3, a high-temperature dust collector 4, a smoke storage chamber 5, a main fan 6, and an exhaust cylinder 7. The combustion and settling chamber passes through the pipeline sequentially. Connect the high-temperature dust collector 4, the smoke storage chamber 5, the main fan 6, and the exhaust pipe 7. The high-temperature dust collector 4 is provided with a ceramic filter element, and the smoke storage chamber 5 is equipped with a primary surface evaporator 8, and the primary surface evaporation The inlet end of the device 8 is connected to the high-pressure outlet end of the working medium circulation pump 11, the outlet end of the primary surface evaporator 8 is connected to the upper flange interface of the low boiling point working medium steam turbine 9 after passing through the pipeline, and the lower part of the low boiling point working medium steam turbine 9 The interface is connected to the air inlet of the shell-and-tube condenser 13 through a pipeline, and the liquid-phase outlet of the shell-and-tube condenser 13 is connected to the low-pressure inlet of the working fluid circulation pump 11 through a pipeline. The machine 10 is connected, and one end flange interface of the shell-and-tube condenser 13 is connected with the water pump 12, and the other end of the shell-and-tube condenser 13 is connected with the cooling tower 14, and the cooling tower 14 is connected with the water pump 12 to form a circuit.
所述低沸点工质为R152a，进入低沸点工质汽轮机的工质压力为3.4MPa，膨胀做功后的工质压力为0.88MPa时，系统输出电功率为4000KW，朗肯循环效率为15％，系统排出的烟气温度为90℃。The low boiling point working fluid is R152a, the pressure of the working medium entering the low boiling point working medium steam turbine is 3.4MPa, when the working medium pressure after expansion is 0.88MPa, the system output electric power is 4000KW, the Rankine cycle efficiency is 15%, the system The exhaust gas temperature is 90°C.
采用先除尘后余热发电装置，即先将高温含尘烟气进入陶瓷滤芯除尘器净化，除尘器中的陶瓷滤芯，一般能够承受1200℃左右的长期工作温度，最高能承受1500℃的高温，且能承受高温大颗粒的冲刷，因此可以直接净化高温烟气，而不需要做任何预处理。净化后的粉尘浓度降至小于8mg/Nm3成为洁净烟气，不需要处理灰尘的堵塞、清灰等问题。The waste heat power generation device after dust removal is adopted, that is, the high-temperature dusty flue gas enters the ceramic filter element dust collector for purification. The ceramic filter element in the dust collector can generally withstand a long-term working temperature of about 1200 ° C, and can withstand a high temperature of 1500 ° C at the highest. It can withstand the scour of high temperature and large particles, so it can directly purify high temperature flue gas without any pretreatment. The dust concentration after purification is reduced to less than 8mg/ Nm3 to become clean flue gas, and there is no need to deal with problems such as dust blockage and dust removal.
本实用新型的工作过程：150t/h电炉1内排烟气流量35×104Nm3/h，温度1200℃，含尘浓度30g/Nm3由第四孔排出，经水冷滑套2混入冷风，燃烧一氧化碳气体后进入燃烧沉降室3；燃烧沉降室3的作用是：降低烟气流速，使烟气中携带的大颗粒粉尘沉降，并适当混入冷风，最终燃烬一氧化碳气体，由燃烧沉降室3出来的烟气进入高温除尘器4，经除尘后粉尘浓度小于8mg/Nm3。然后进入蓄烟室5，温度降至90℃左右，由主风机6压入排气筒7排入大气。同时，低沸点工质通过工质泵11驱动，先在安装于蓄烟室内的一次表面蒸发器8中吸收烟气余热载体的热量，变成饱和蒸汽，通过调压阀后，工质蒸汽在低沸点工质汽轮机9内膨胀做功，并带动三相发电机10发电。从低沸点工质汽轮机9排出的工质蒸汽由管壳式冷凝器13冷凝为饱和液体，再由工质泵11将工质液体加压后送入一次表面蒸发器8中，开始新一轮循环。系统发出的电能为三相交流电，额定电压为380V，可经过调压后并入厂内电网，或直接送给用电设备使用。Working process of the utility model: 150t/h electric furnace 1 exhaust gas flow rate 35×10 4 Nm3/h, temperature 1200 ℃, dust concentration 30g/Nm3 is discharged from the fourth hole, mixed with cold air through water-cooled sliding sleeve 2, and burned The carbon monoxide gas enters the combustion settling chamber 3; the function of the combustion settling chamber 3 is to reduce the flow rate of the flue gas, settle the large particles of dust carried in the flue gas, and mix it with the cold air properly, and finally burn the carbon monoxide gas and come out of the combustion settling chamber 3 The flue gas enters the high-temperature dust collector 4, and the dust concentration after dust removal is less than 8mg/Nm3. Then enter the smoke storage chamber 5, the temperature drops to about 90°C, and the main fan 6 is pressed into the exhaust tube 7 to be discharged into the atmosphere. At the same time, the low-boiling point working fluid is driven by the working fluid pump 11, and first absorbs the heat of the waste heat carrier of the flue gas in the primary surface evaporator 8 installed in the smoke storage chamber, and becomes saturated steam. After passing through the pressure regulating valve, the working medium steam The internal expansion of the low-boiling-point working medium steam turbine 9 works, and drives the three-phase generator 10 to generate electricity. The working medium steam discharged from the low-boiling point working medium steam turbine 9 is condensed into a saturated liquid by the shell-and-tube condenser 13, and then the working medium liquid is pressurized by the working medium pump 11 and then sent to the primary surface evaporator 8 to start a new cycle. cycle. The electric energy generated by the system is three-phase alternating current with a rated voltage of 380V, which can be connected to the power grid in the factory after voltage regulation, or directly sent to the electrical equipment for use.
该设备的最大特点是采用先除尘后余热发电来回收电炉烟气的余热。以150t/h炼钢电炉除尘工艺为例，本实用新型流程与常规余热利用后除尘比较，说明如下：The biggest feature of this equipment is to recover the waste heat of electric furnace flue gas by using waste heat power generation after dust removal. Taking the dust removal process of 150t/h steelmaking electric furnace as an example, the process of the utility model is compared with the dust removal after conventional waste heat utilization, and the description is as follows:
注：按年工作330日计算。Note: Calculated on the basis of 330 working days per year.
由此可见，本实用新型可最大限度地回收烟气中的热能转化为高品位电能，蓄烟室无须卸灰、清灰、输灰设施，延长了设备的使用寿命，同时可降低烟气的排放温度，改善除尘能力，并且不影响电炉炼钢生产的稳定和连续，还能得到很好的除尘效果，排放的粉尘浓度小于8mg/Nm3。装置投资低、运行能耗低，环保效果好。It can be seen that the utility model can maximize the recovery of heat energy in the flue gas and convert it into high-grade electric energy. The smoke storage chamber does not need ash unloading, ash cleaning, and ash transportation facilities, which prolongs the service life of the equipment and can reduce the flue gas. The discharge temperature improves the dust removal ability without affecting the stability and continuity of the electric furnace steelmaking production, and can also obtain a good dust removal effect, and the dust concentration of the discharge is less than 8mg/Nm 3 . The device has low investment, low operating energy consumption and good environmental protection effect.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010205887790U CN201844700U (en) | 2010-11-02 | 2010-11-02 | Special device for dedusting with high-temperature and high-dusty flue gas and utilizing waste heat for generation of electric furnace |
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| CN2010205887790U CN201844700U (en) | 2010-11-02 | 2010-11-02 | Special device for dedusting with high-temperature and high-dusty flue gas and utilizing waste heat for generation of electric furnace |
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| CN2010205887790U Expired - Fee Related CN201844700U (en) | 2010-11-02 | 2010-11-02 | Special device for dedusting with high-temperature and high-dusty flue gas and utilizing waste heat for generation of electric furnace |
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