CN201819202U - 一种可燃烧生物质成型燃料的链条移动炉排锅炉 - Google Patents
一种可燃烧生物质成型燃料的链条移动炉排锅炉 Download PDFInfo
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- CN201819202U CN201819202U CN2010205558346U CN201020555834U CN201819202U CN 201819202 U CN201819202 U CN 201819202U CN 2010205558346 U CN2010205558346 U CN 2010205558346U CN 201020555834 U CN201020555834 U CN 201020555834U CN 201819202 U CN201819202 U CN 201819202U
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- biomass molding
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- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000004484 Briquette Substances 0.000 title abstract 3
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 29
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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[C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound 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[O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus Chemical compound 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Abstract
本实用新型公开了一种可燃烧生物质成型燃料的链条移动炉排锅炉，包括自动进料装置、链条炉排、锅炉本体、炉膛、燃烬室、进风管道、灰渣室、引风机、省煤器、空气预热器、若干一次进风口和若干二次进风孔，链条炉排的上方设有自动进料装置和锅炉本体，链条炉排的后部设有灰渣室，链条炉排与锅炉本体之间形成一空腔，空腔的前段为炉膛，后段为燃烬室，锅炉本体的烟气出口与省煤器、引风机相连。本实用新型可防止反烧现象发生，同时可以连续均匀送料，不需人工加料，且合理配风，使生物质成型燃料能够燃烧更彻底，燃烧热效率大幅度提高，并有效解决了锅炉冒黑烟、出力不足、燃烧热效率低等问题。
Description
一种可燃烧生物质成型燃料的链条移动炉排锅炉
【技术领域】
[0001] 本实用新型涉及生物质能源及锅炉技术领域，尤其涉及一种可燃烧生物质成型燃 料的链条移动炉排锅炉。
【技术背景】
[0002] 随着全球性大气污染的进一步加剧，减少(X)2等有害气体净排放量已成为世界各 国解决能源与环境问题的焦点。而生物质从生长到成型燃料燃烧的整个循环中，可以基本 实现(X)2零排放，并且具有可再生和燃烧效率高的优点，是一种清洁无污染的优质绿色能 源。
[0003] 近几年，为减轻城市空气污染，许多地市已严格禁止燃煤锅炉的使用，同时大力推 广使用油、电、气等清洁燃料的燃烧设施，但无论是燃油、燃气还是电热，运行成本都将数倍 增加。而农林生物质通过致密成型加工为燃料使用，运行成本仅为燃油锅炉的40 %，可大大 降低使用者的燃料费用支出和温室气体的排放，因此生物质成型燃料现已成为替代燃煤的 最佳清洁燃料。
[0004] 生物质成型燃料是将松散细碎的生物质压缩成型，体积缩小为原来的6-8倍，密 度为0. 8-1. 3t/m3，能量密度与中热值煤相当，燃烧特性明显改善，火力持久。尽管生物质成 型后的燃烧特性相对有所改善，但在热值基本相同的条件下，生物质的挥发分远高于煤，灰 分和含碳量远小于煤。这就决定了生物质成型燃料与煤相比，其燃烧特性会有很大差别。生 物质成型燃料燃烧过程中炉内空气流动场分布、炉膛温度场分布、过量空气系数大小、受热 面布置等都需要重新考虑。
[0005] 目前，中国专利公开的生物质成型燃料锅炉主要集中在小型家庭用的取暖炉、热 水锅炉、热风炉，而适合于纺织、印染、制药、食品、塑料、化工等工业企业用的可燃烧生物质 成型燃料的大中型蒸汽锅炉0吨/小时以上）的较少。现有燃煤锅炉若直接燃用生物质 成型燃料，人工加料使进料量与配风量难以完全同步，空气系数偏大，炉内未能达到最佳工 况，排烟热损失较大。生物质的挥发分远高于煤，含碳量远小于煤，配风量与燃烧速率难以 协调一致，导致锅炉冒黑烟、出力不足、燃烧热效率低。
【实用新型内容】
[0006] 本实用新型的目的就是为了解决现有技术中存在的问题，提出一种可燃烧生物质 成型燃料的链条移动炉排锅炉，能够连续均勻送料并合理配风，使生物质成型燃料能够燃 烧更彻底，并有效解决锅炉冒黑烟、出力不足、燃烧热效率低等问题。
[0007] 为实现上述目的，本实用新型专利提出了一种可燃烧生物质成型燃料的链条移动 炉排锅炉，包括自动进料装置、链条炉排、锅炉本体、炉膛、燃烬室、进风管道、灰渣室、引风 机、省煤器、空气预热器、若干一次进风口和若干二次进风孔，链条炉排的上方设有自动进 料装置和锅炉本体，链条炉排的后部设有灰渣室，链条炉排与锅炉本体之间形成一空腔，空 腔的前段为炉膛，后段为燃烬室，锅炉本体的烟气出口与省煤器、引风机相连。[0008] 作为优选，所述锅炉本体包括锅筒、烟管束和水冷壁管，锅筒横向放置，左、右两侧 面均设有水冷壁管，锅筒内设有烟管束，烟管束包括两组直径为45mm的螺纹烟管，锅筒内 布置的两组直径为45mm的螺纹烟管组成对流受热面，锅筒与左、右两侧面的水冷壁管组成 炉膛的辐射受热面。
[0009] 作为优选，所述自动进料装置包括料斗和带变频调速电机的无轴螺杆输送机，所 述料斗连接在无轴螺杆输送机的后部，并且料斗与无轴螺杆输送机的接口处密封连接。
[0010] 作为优选，炉膛内靠近锅筒的前端砌有弧形的前拱，距前拱1200-1300mm处砌有 一弧形的中拱，锅筒后端砌有弧形的后拱和挡烟墙，挡烟墙与锅筒左、右两侧的水冷壁管形 成翼形烟道，翼形烟道的后端设有后烟箱。
[0011] 作为优选，所述前拱为折线型后倾，中拱呈10° -15°前倾。
[0012] 作为优选，所述进风管道与一次进风口相连，设在链条炉排的下方，且一次进风口 可以打开或关闭。
[0013] 作为优选，所述进风管道与二次进风孔相连，二次进风孔设置在距链条炉排上方 30mm 处。
[0014] 作为优选，所述前拱附近横向设置有8-12个二次进风孔。
[0015] 作为优选，所述锅炉本体的左、右两侧设有轻型炉墙和支撑钢架，所述支撑钢架设 在轻型炉墙的内侧。
[0016] 作为优选，所述空气预热器设在省煤器与引风机之间，空气预热器的出风口连接 到二次进风孔。
[0017] 本实用新型专利的有益效果：本实用新型可防止反烧现象发生，同时可以连续均 勻送料，不需人工加料，且合理配风，使生物质成型燃料能够燃烧更彻底，燃烧热效率大幅 度提高，并有效解决了锅炉冒黑烟、出力不足、燃烧热效率低等问题。
【附图说明】
[0018] 图1是本实用新型一种可燃烧生物质成型燃料的链条移动炉排锅炉的结构示意 图；
[0019] 图2是图1的A-A剖视图。 【具体实施方式】
[0020] 下面结合附图和实施例对本实用新型作进一步说明。
[0021] 图中：1、无轴螺杆输送机；2、链条调速箱；3、链条炉排；4、前拱；5、炉膛；6、中拱； 7、一次进风口 ；8、后拱；9、燃烬室；10、灰渣室；11、省煤器；12、引风机；13、空气预热器； 14、后烟箱；15、第一烟管束；16、第二烟管束；17、水冷壁管；18、锅筒；19、二次进风孔；20、 前烟箱；21、料斗；22、进风管道；23、支撑钢架；24、轻型炉墙；25、翼形烟道。
[0022] 如图1、2所示，一种可燃烧生物质成型燃料的链条移动炉排锅炉包括自动进料装 置、链条炉排3、锅炉本体、炉膛5、燃烬室9、进风管道22、灰渣室10、引风机12、省煤器11、 轻型炉墙M及支撑钢架23。链条炉排3的上方设有自动进料装置和锅炉本体，链条炉排3 的后面设有灰渣室10。链条炉排3和锅炉本体之间形成一空腔，前段为炉膛5，后段为燃烬 室9。锅炉本体的烟气出口与省煤器11、引风机12相连，省煤器11可利用尾部烟气的热量加热锅炉进水，以降低排烟温度，节约燃料，空气预热器13可进一步利用烟气余热加热二 次进风。锅炉本体的左右两侧设有轻型炉墙M及支撑钢架23，锅炉本体的左侧与进风管道 22相连。
[0023] 锅炉本体由锅筒18、烟管束、水冷壁管17等组成，锅炉本体为单锅筒18横向放置， 锅筒18内布置有两组直径为45mm的螺纹烟管组成对流受热面，锅筒18与左右两侧水冷壁 管17组成炉膛5辐射受热面，完成对流和辐射换热。
[0024] 自动进料装置由料斗21和带变频调速电机的无轴螺杆输送机1组成，并封闭料斗 21和无轴螺杆输送机1的接口处，使炉膛5燃料入口处于负压状态，防止炉膛5内的火焰从 螺旋输送机21进料口处逸出，可防止反烧现象发生。
[0025] 炉膛5内靠近锅筒18的前端砌有弧形前拱4，距前拱1200-1300mm处砌有一弧形 中拱6，前拱4为折线型后倾，中拱6呈10° -15°前倾，两者方向相对，使挥发性气体燃烧 产生的热量辐射到燃料上，确保炉膛5内燃料有较高的燃烧温度。燃烬室9内即锅筒18的 后端砌有弧形后拱8和挡烟墙，挡烟墙和锅筒18两侧的水冷壁管17形成一翼形烟道25，可 引导烟气经过水冷壁管17流向后烟箱14。
[0026] 进风管道22与一次进风口 7相连，设在链条炉排3的下方，分段进风，燃烧时根据 生物质成型燃料品质和炉膛5内的温度，可适当关闭后面靠近燃烬室9的2个一次进风口 7，减少空气过量系数。
[0027] 进风管道22也与二次进风孔19相连，在炉墙内左右两侧设置二次进风孔19，每侧 各10个，间距50mm，直径10mm，设在链条炉排3的上方，距链条炉排3高度为30mm，在进料 口和前拱4附近横向设置8-12个二次进风孔19，使生物质的挥发分能充分气化燃烧。
[0028] 链条调速箱2、无轴螺杆输送机1的调速装置和引风机12都采用变频控制器控制， 根据生物质成型燃料品质和炉膛5内的温度调整运行速度。可控制进风量大小，或关闭后 面靠近燃烬室的1-2个一次进风口 7。
[0029] 链条移动炉排锅炉运行时，生物质成型燃料自螺杆输送机1、料斗21落到链条炉 排3上，控制螺杆输送机1的进料速度，使生物质成型燃料进料后在链条炉排3上方的料层 高度控制在12mm之内。在前拱4和中拱6的辐射换热下，成型燃料被干燥、预热、析出挥发 份。从二次进风孔19补充进来的空气扰动炉膛5内气体，析出的挥发份在炉膛5内强烈气 化燃烧。火焰经过后拱8折射，保持炉膛5的高温，使剩余的碳颗粒在燃烬室9彻底燃烧， 少量的灰渣掉入灰渣室10。燃烧产生的高温烟气从炉膛5向后流出到燃烬室9，向上经翼 形烟道引导流向后烟箱14，经锅筒18内的第一烟管束15，从后向前流至前烟箱20，然后由 前烟箱20折流入锅筒内的第二烟管束16，从前向后流至锅筒烟气出口进入省煤器12，最后 由引风机13引出。在锅炉达到额定压力时，引风机13仍需保持频率为IOHz的小风量，使 锅炉内未燃尽的燃料不冒黑烟。经测试，正常运行的锅炉热效率可达到70%以上，烟气排放 达到国家标准。
[0030] 上述实施例是对本实用新型的说明，不是对本实用新型的限定，任何对本实用新 型简单变换后的方案均属于本实用新型的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1. 一种可燃烧生物质成型燃料的链条移动炉排锅炉，其特征在于：包括自动进料装 置、链条炉排、锅炉本体、炉膛、燃烬室、进风管道、灰渣室、引风机、省煤器、空气预热器、若 干一次进风口和若干二次进风孔，链条炉排的上方设有自动进料装置和锅炉本体，链条炉 排的后部设有灰渣室，链条炉排与锅炉本体之间形成一空腔，空腔的前段为炉膛，后段为燃 烬室，锅炉本体的烟气出口与省煤器、引风机相连。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种可燃烧生物质成型燃料的链条移动炉排锅炉，其特征在 于：所述锅炉本体包括锅筒、烟管束和水冷壁管，锅筒横向放置，左、右两侧面均设有水冷壁 管，锅筒内设有烟管束，烟管束包括两组直径为45mm的螺纹烟管，锅筒内布置的两组直径 为45mm的螺纹烟管组成对流受热面，锅筒与左、右两侧面的水冷壁管组成炉膛的辐射受热
3.如权利要求1所述的一种可燃烧生物质成型燃料的链条移动炉排锅炉，其特征在 于：所述自动进料装置包括料斗和带变频调速电机的无轴螺杆输送机，所述料斗连接在无 轴螺杆输送机的后部，并且料斗与无轴螺杆输送机的接口处密封连接。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种可燃烧生物质成型燃料的链条移动炉排锅炉，其特征在 于：炉膛内靠近锅筒的前端砌有弧形的前拱，距前拱1200-1300mm处砌有一弧形的中拱，锅 筒后端砌有弧形的后拱和挡烟墙，挡烟墙与锅筒左、右两侧的水冷壁管形成翼形烟道，翼形 烟道的后端设有后烟箱。
5.如权利要求4所述的一种可燃烧生物质成型燃料的链条移动炉排锅炉，其特征在 于：所述前拱为折线型后倾，中拱呈10° -15°前倾。
6.如权利要求1所述的一种可燃烧生物质成型燃料的链条移动炉排锅炉，其特征在 于：所述进风管道与一次进风口相连，设在链条炉排的下方，且一次进风口可以打开或关 闭。
7.如权利要求1所述的一种可燃烧生物质成型燃料的链条移动炉排锅炉，其特征在 于：所述进风管道与二次进风孔相连，二次进风孔设置在距链条炉排上方30mm处。
8.如权利要求7所述的一种可燃烧生物质成型燃料的链条移动炉排锅炉，其特征在 于：所述前拱附近横向设置有8-12个二次进风孔。
9.如权利要求1所述的一种可燃烧生物质成型燃料的链条移动炉排锅炉，其特征在 于：所述锅炉本体的左、右两侧设有轻型炉墙和支撑钢架，所述支撑钢架设在轻型炉墙的内 侧。
10.如权利要求1所述的一种可燃烧生物质成型燃料的链条移动炉排锅炉，其特征在 于：所述空气预热器设在省煤器与引风机之间，空气预热器的出风口连接到二次进风孔。
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101963345A (zh) * | 2010-09-30 | 2011-02-02 | 浙江圣普新能源科技有限公司 | 一种可燃烧生物质成型燃料的链条移动炉排锅炉 |
| CN102607016A (zh) * | 2012-03-26 | 2012-07-25 | 云南腾众新能源科技有限公司 | 一种以生物质颗粒为燃料的锅炉热力系统及工艺 |
| CN104654277A (zh) * | 2015-02-03 | 2015-05-27 | 杨俊栋 | 链板炉排生物质颗粒燃烧锅炉 |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101963345A (zh) * | 2010-09-30 | 2011-02-02 | 浙江圣普新能源科技有限公司 | 一种可燃烧生物质成型燃料的链条移动炉排锅炉 |
| CN102607016A (zh) * | 2012-03-26 | 2012-07-25 | 云南腾众新能源科技有限公司 | 一种以生物质颗粒为燃料的锅炉热力系统及工艺 |
| CN102607016B (zh) * | 2012-03-26 | 2014-12-24 | 云南腾众新能源科技有限公司 | 一种以生物质颗粒为燃料的锅炉热力系统的工艺 |
| CN104654277A (zh) * | 2015-02-03 | 2015-05-27 | 杨俊栋 | 链板炉排生物质颗粒燃烧锅炉 |
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