CN201672998U - 围岩钻孔多点应力计 - Google Patents
围岩钻孔多点应力计 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
围岩钻孔多点应力计，属岩体应力测试装置技术领域。其目的是提供一种结构简单、测试精度高、适应性好、成本低、安装快速方便的能够测量钻孔不同深度下多点围岩应力的围岩多点应力计。其技术要点是：包括注浆管、PPR管、应变花、防水压膜、封隔器、信号传输线和应变仪，注浆管(1)前部通过封隔器(7)与PPR管(4)同轴连接固定，封隔器内的注浆管和PPR管之间至少径向对应钻有分别由细钢管连通的一组注浆孔(3)；PPR管外壁上至少径向粘贴一组应变花(2)，应变花由三个应变片(11、12、13)构成；应变花和PPR管的表面由防水压膜包裹并紧密结合；应变片与应变仪(6)之间由信号传输线(5)连接。适用于采矿、隧道等地下工程中进行岩体应力变化的监测。
Description
围岩钻孔多点应力计
技术领域
[0001] 本实用新型涉及一种围岩钻孔多点应力计，属岩体应力测试装置技术领域。 背景技术
[0002] 在地下岩石工程中，常常需要开挖各种各样断面形状的巷道（隧道）。巷道一旦开 挖，原岩应力将受到开挖扰动，导致应力的重新分布，形成围岩应力。这种围岩应力与原岩 应力相比，表现出很大的应力集中现象。采矿工程设计是以地下各种围岩应力和荷载为依 据的，围岩应力的准确性是矿山工程设计及施工效果优劣的关键因素。
[0003] 巷道围岩也是支护对象，岩石力学参数是支护设计的基础。只有充分了解研究对 象，才能使支护设计合理、安全、可靠。与其它工程材料相比，围岩具有两大特点：其一是岩 体内部含有各种各样的不连续面，如节理、裂隙等，这些不连续面的存在显著改变了岩体的 强度特征和变形特征，致使岩块与岩体的强度相差悬殊；其二是岩体含有内应力，围岩应力 场的大小和方向都显著影响着围岩的变形和破坏。因此，一切与围岩有关的工作，如巷道布 置、巷道支护设计，特别是锚杆支护设计，都离不开对围岩应力力学特征的充分了解。
[0004] 岩体的应力测量包括岩体初始地应力测量和围岩应力测量，其测试方法很多。目 前常用的方法可以分为两类：应力解除法和应力恢复法，其中应力解除法研究较为成熟，应 用最广；应力恢复法常用于洞壁表面量测受开挖扰动的围岩应力场。
[0005] 到目前，国内外对于围岩应力的测试和监测取得了很多成果，提出了钻孔应力法、 钻孔应变法、钻孔位移法、空心包体应变法，开发了 CSIRO空心包体应变、UNSff空心包体应 变计等，围岩应力计的种类繁多，适用的范围也较广，但真正能够适合煤矿井下生产，方便 观测的围岩应力及变化的测试装置却很少，大多数围岩应力计都存在使用方面的缺点，如 不方便安装、不方便记录、价格昂贵、反映不灵敏、测试精度不高、测点少等。
发明内容
[0006] 本实用新型的目的是提供一种结构简单、测试精度高、适应性好、成本低、安装快 速方便的能够测量钻孔不同深度下多点围岩应力的围岩多点应力计。
[0007] 本实用新型是通过以下技术方案实现的，一种围岩钻孔多点应力计，包括注浆管、 Pra管、应变花、防水压膜、封隔器、信号传输线和应变仪，其特征在于：注浆管前部通过封 隔器与Pra管同轴连接固定，封隔器内的注浆管和Pra管之间至少径向对应钻有分别由细 钢管连通的一组注浆孔；Pra管外壁上至少径向粘贴一组应变花，应变花由三个应变片构 成；应变花和Pra管的表面由防水压膜包裹并紧密结合；应变片与应变仪之间由信号传输 线连接。
[0008] 本实用新型的优点是：利用围岩多点应力计与煤岩体的耦合体系，对矿山围岩应 力状态进行实时的测试和监测，具有结构简单、性能可靠、灵敏度和精度高、稳定性好、监测 方便、测点多、安装迅速方便等特点。适用于采矿、隧道等地下工程中进行岩体应力变化的 监测。附图说明
[0009] 图1是本实用新型的结构示意图；
[0010] 图2是注浆管和Pra管的截面图；
[0011] 图3是应变花布置示意图。
具体实施方式
[0012] 如图1、2、3所示，一种围岩钻孔多点应力计，包括注浆管、Pra管、应变花、防水压 膜、封隔器、信号传输线和应变仪。注浆管1采用四分镀锌钢管，其前部通过封隔器7与PPR 管4同轴连接固定。封隔器内的注浆管和PI3R管之间至少径向对应钻有分别由细钢管连通 的一组注浆孔3。径向注浆孔可按180°、120°或90°设置。细钢管与注浆孔之间的接缝 采用全密封，不漏液。根据围岩钻孔的深度，可在注浆管和PI3R管的轴向上钻有多组注浆 孔。PI3R管外壁上至少径向粘贴一组应变花2，径向粘贴的应变花可按180°、120°或90° 设置，作为深度应力测点。每个应变花由三个应变片11、12、13构成，依次与pra管轴线呈 0°、45°和90°粘贴在Pra管外壁上。应变花由防水压膜（图中未示）包裹并紧密粘贴 在pra管外壁上。深度应力测点可以根据围岩多点应力观测的要求，可在Pra管的轴向外 壁上粘贴多组应变花。应变片与应变仪6之间由设置在pra管外壁和注浆管内壁之间、分 别穿过Pra管壁和封隔器、封孔盖板9的信号传输线5连接。
[0013] 围岩钻孔多点应力计的安装和监测方法是：
[0014] 1)在煤矿巷道的围岩需要观测的位置处开设钻孔，钻孔的深度应达到围岩钻孔多 点应力计需要观测应力的围岩深度；
[0015] 2)将注浆管⑴除尾部外，全部送入钻孔内，采用普通的快硬膨胀水泥药卷⑶将 其后部固定在钻孔内的中间处，并在钻孔外安装封孔盖板（9)；
[0016] 3)待快硬膨胀水泥药卷（8)凝固后，将注浆管（1)的尾部与注浆泵出浆管的接头 螺纹连接后，通过围岩钻孔多点应力计向钻孔内注入水泥浆，水泥浆水灰比为0.6 ： 1〜 0.7 ： 1，注浆压力及注浆量视钻孔和围岩多点应力计空隙情况决定，以填满围岩多点应力 计与钻孔之间的空隙为准；
[0017] 4)待水泥浆完全凝固后，即可打开应变仪（6)进行监测。
Claims (4)
- 一种围岩钻孔多点应力计，包括注浆管、PPR管、应变花、防水压膜、封隔器、信号传输线和应变仪，其特征在于：注浆管(1)前部通过封隔器(7)与PPR管(4)同轴连接固定，封隔器内的注浆管和PPR管之间至少径向对应钻有分别由细钢管连通的一组注浆孔(3)；PPR管外壁上至少径向粘贴一组应变花(2)，应变花由三个应变片(11、12、13)构成；应变花和PPR管的表面由防水压膜包裹并紧密结合；应变片与应变仪(6)之间由信号传输线(5)连接。
- 2.根据权利要求1所述的围岩钻孔多点应力计，其特征在于：注浆管⑴和Pra管（4) 之间的径向注浆孔⑶按180°或120°或90°设置。
- 3.根据权利要求1所述的围岩钻孔多点应力计，其特征在于管（4)外壁上径向粘 贴的应变花按180°或120°或90°设置。
- 4.根据权利要求1所述的围岩钻孔多点应力计，其特征在于：三个应变片（11、12、13) 依次与PI3R管（4)轴线呈0°、45°和90°粘贴在PI3R管外壁上。
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