CN201567838U - An insulated nomadic tent - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a thermal insulation nomadic tent. The thermal insulation nomadic tent is mainly composed of a frame and a canopy set on the frame. The canopy is provided with a skylight hole and a side window hole. The area ratio of the skylight hole to the canopy is 0.01-0.03. The area ratio of the tent circumference is 0.05-0.15; the outermost tarpaulin of the tent is made of pure white or light off-white organic fluorine waterproof and breathable fabric with a thermal conductivity of 0.042-0.055W/m°C. Through the scientific and rational design of the tent enclosure, the utility model realizes a fundamental improvement in the functions of the thermal insulation tent in terms of heat protection, ventilation and smoke exhaust; based on scientific experiments, the thermal conductivity and color of the outer tarpaulin fabric are reasonably selected, Weaken the "greenhouse effect" and "cold room effect" of thermal tents, increase the heat insulation and heat preservation performance of tents, and improve the living quality of herdsmen during nomadic life.

Description

An insulated nomadic tent

technical field

The utility model relates to a tent, in particular to a thermal insulation nomadic tent.

Background technique

In order to adapt to the production method of "grazing by water and grass" and provide shelter for herdsmen and their families, herdsmen have used their ingenuity for thousands of years to create cattle felt tents. Cow hair tents are usually supported by wooden pillars and enclosed by hand-woven cow felt. They are built by themselves based on the experience and methods inherited from generation to generation. The cow hair tent is not only an indispensable production tool for herdsmen, but also a habitat for herdsmen. It has the characteristics of fast migration, strong adaptability to the site, local materials, cheap and economical; however, the cow hair tent is cold and humid, leaking rain and ventilation, smoke and fire are common, and the indoor hot and humid environment and comfort are poor.

As herdsmen communicate more frequently with the outside world, a frame-type "thermal insulation" tent is loved by some herdsmen in cold pastoral areas. The general thermal insulation tent is made of three layers of fabric, needle-punched cotton and lining. Compared with common single-layer fabric tents and cow hair tents, it has better thermal insulation and cold protection performance, so it is commonly known as "thermal insulation tent". type" tent. Compared with the traditional cow felt tent, this kind of thermal insulation tent has the advantages that the structure is made of metal tubes, which has good structural stability, strong resistance to wind and snow pressure, and the internal space is standardized and easy to use; rods and accessories are standardized, It is convenient and quick to install and disassemble, and the overall weight is light. The dry state of the unit living space is only 60-80% of that of a cow-hair tent, and the wet state is equivalent to 40-60% of that of a cow-hair tent. Great improvement, living comfort has been significantly improved.

However, the design of the canopy of this thermal insulation type tent often focuses on cold protection and heat preservation while ignoring functional considerations such as heat protection, ventilation, and smoke exhaust. When nomads use it during grazing, there are problems in the following aspects: Poor smoking ability. Since herdsmen are inseparable from the stoves fueled by cow dung or firewood for cooking, making tea, roasting tsampa, and heating, the smoke generated by combustion will inevitably pollute the indoor air. The smoke exhaust function is Insufficient consideration of existing tents; 2), weak heat resistance. Pastoral areas generally have higher altitudes and stronger solar radiation. Even in colder seasons, when the solar radiation is strong during the day, the temperature inside the tent is higher, the "greenhouse effect" is obvious, and heat protection is also necessary; 3) Insufficient climate adaptability powerful. The nomadic period is generally from April to October, during which there is quite a long period of time in relatively hot summer, and the living comfort of thermal insulation tents with weak heat resistance is very poor; 4) Insufficient ventilation. Since herdsmen have to live in tents and engage in some production activities such as cheese making, and various living and production facilities are stacked in tents that are not spacious enough, ensuring good ventilation conditions for tents is to eliminate indoor odors and maintain indoor hygienic and healthy air quality necessary.

In addition to the above problems in thermal insulation tents, these tents also have an obvious "cold room effect" at night, that is, on a clear night, the temperature inside the thermal insulation tent is actually lower than the outdoor temperature, forming a "cold room". Through repeated experiments and research, it is found that the "cold room effect" is mainly caused by the cold sky radiation at night. The stronger the cold sky radiation, the more obvious the "cold room effect" in the tent; Effect" is weak, and there is almost no "cold room effect".

Nomadic tents will experience various weather conditions during use, and the outdoor temperature and weather conditions will change throughout the year. When the outdoor air temperature is 18°C lower than the minimum comfortable temperature that people feel, the "greenhouse effect" is beneficial to improving the environment inside the tent; but if the "greenhouse effect" is too strong and exceeds 26°C, the occupants feel stuffy and need Inhibited; when the outdoor temperature is higher than 26°C, the "greenhouse effect" will make the tent more uncomfortable, and all need to be inhibited. Similarly, when the outdoor air temperature is 26°C higher than the maximum comfortable temperature that people feel, the "cold room effect" at night is beneficial to improving the environment in the tent, but if the "cold room effect" is too strong, the temperature inside the tent will be lower than 26°C. When the temperature is 18°C, the cold feeling becomes obvious, so it needs to be suppressed; when the outdoor temperature is lower than 18°C, the "cold room effect" will make the tent more uncomfortable, and it needs to be suppressed.

Utility model content

The purpose of this utility model is to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art, and provide a thermal insulation nomadic tent. The thermal insulation nomadic tent realizes the heat protection, ventilation and smoke exhaust of the thermal insulation tent through the scientific and rational design of the tent enclosure. Fundamentally improve the functions of tents and other functions; based on scientific experiments, rationally select the thermal conductivity and color of the outer tarpaulin fabric, weaken the "greenhouse effect" and "cold room effect" of thermal insulation tents, and increase the thermal insulation and thermal insulation performance of tents , improve the living quality of herdsmen during nomadic life.

The purpose of this utility model is achieved through the following technical solutions: a thermal insulation nomadic tent, which is mainly composed of a frame and an awning arranged on the frame. In that, the area ratio of the side window hole to the canopy is 0.05-0.15.

Further, the top of the canopy is provided with a skylight hole, and the area ratio of the skylight hole to the canopy is 0.01-0.03.

The area ratio of the above-mentioned skylight hole to the tent enclosure refers to the ratio of the sum of the opening areas of the skylights opened on all sides of the top of the tent to the area of the entire tent enclosure (including all openings), referred to as the skylight enclosure ratio; the area ratio of the side window opening to the tent enclosure It refers to the ratio of the sum of the area of the side window openings (including doors) around the tent to the area of the entire canopy (including all openings), referred to as the side window circumference ratio.

The area ratio of the skylight opening to the canopy enclosure is 0.01-0.03, the area ratio of the side window opening to the awning enclosure is 0.05-0.15, and the ratio of the skylight opening and the side window enclosure can be combined arbitrarily within the above range. Window holes and skylight holes increase the production cost and the difficulty of rainproofing. The combination of the skylight aspect ratio around 0.02 and the side window aspect ratio around 0.10 is the best.

The enclosure of the nomadic tent is composed of an outer tarpaulin, a thermal insulation layer and a three-layer fabric arranged from the outside to the inside. The outer tarpaulin is made of an organic fluorine waterproof and breathable fabric with a thermal conductivity of 0.042-0.055W/m°C. The outer tarpaulin is preferably pure white or light off-white. When the structure, form, size parameters and other materials of the tent are the same, only the outermost tarpaulin material of the tent enclosure is different, choosing a material with a small thermal conductivity as the tarpaulin fabric is beneficial to improving the thermal insulation and heat resistance performance of the tent. Advantageous; and because different color fabrics have different reflectivity and absorptivity for radiation waves, light-colored fabrics have high reflectivity and low absorptivity, so the outer tarpaulin in the utility model preferably adopts a thermal conductivity of 0.042-0.055W /m℃ made of pure white or light off-white organic fluorine waterproof and breathable fabric.

The canopy enclosure is preferentially designed in a split type, mainly composed of a canopy and a side enclosure, the awning and the side enclosure are set independently, and a connecting member is provided at the joint between the outer awning and the side enclosure, and the connecting member is a nylon adhesive tape, a chain buckle , buckle set or zipper. The awning can not only adopt a split design, but can also be designed as an integral structure.

In order to enable the tent to quickly discharge the smoke generated during the herdsman’s life, a chimney opening for the chimney to pass through is provided on the top or side of the tent enclosure, so as to ensure that the smoke in the furnace can be discharged smoothly and improve the air quality in the tent. . In order to prevent the overheating of the chimney from damaging the awning fabric around the chimney, a metal sheet sandwiched with asbestos cloth or asbestos board is used as an excessive connection part between the awning fabric and the chimney to play a flame-retardant role. The canopy surrounding fabric is fixed with the metal sheet through the fixing member.

The structure of the tent is a frame-type double-slope roof and a frame-type four-slope roof. There are two ways to assemble the frame: 1. It is composed of several steel pipes through hinged and serial connections; 2. It is connected and combined through multi-way components made. On the top of the frame along the direction of the herringbone steel frame, there are multiple steel cables or steel ropes between the steel pipes to stabilize the frame structure; there are multiple steel cables and steel rope pulls horizontally under the frame in the tent, which can be used to hang lanterns , towels and other items to facilitate the daily life of herdsmen.

Both the skylight hole and the side window hole are provided with curtains, which are used to prevent wind, rain, snow and direct sunlight; screens and light-transmitting sheets can also be added to the side window openings as required, and the screens are used to prevent mosquitoes from entering the tent. Affecting the daily life of herdsmen, the light-transmitting sheet can block the cold wind while ensuring sufficient lighting and sunlight in the tent.

Several pockets can also be arranged on the inner side of the canopy, which is convenient for herdsmen to place daily necessities.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

(1) Based on scientific experiments, scientifically and rationally design tent enclosures to achieve fundamental improvements in thermal insulation tents in terms of heat protection, ventilation and smoke exhaust.

(2) Based on scientific experiments, rationally select the thermal conductivity and color of the outer tarpaulin fabric, weaken the "greenhouse effect" and "cold room effect" of thermal insulation tents, increase the thermal insulation and thermal insulation performance of tents, and improve the nomadic performance of herdsmen. quality of life during the period.

(3) The canopy enclosure of the present utility model is composed of three layers of fabric from the outside to the inside: the outer tarpaulin, the insulation layer and the lining. General decorative lining can play a decorative role.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation when the framework of nomadic tent is a double slope roof;

Fig. 2 is the structural representation when the frame of the nomadic tent is a four-slope roof;

Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the nomadic tent with the frame type double-slope top;

Fig. 4 is the structural representation of frame-type four-slope top nomadic tent;

Fig. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of setting a skylight for a nomadic tent with a frame type double-slope top;

Fig. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of setting a skylight for a nomadic tent with a framed four-slope top;

Fig. 7 is another structural schematic diagram of setting a skylight for a nomadic tent with a frame type double-slope top;

Fig. 8 is another structural schematic diagram of setting skylights for nomadic tents with four-slope roofs;

Fig. 9 is another structural schematic diagram of setting a skylight for a nomadic tent with a frame type double-slope top;

Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure when the skylight in Fig. 9 is closed;

Fig. 11 is the structure schematic diagram of the fourth kind of setting skylight of frame-type double-slope nomadic tent;

Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the structure when the skylight in Fig. 11 is closed;

Fig. 13 is a structural schematic diagram of setting side windows for a nomadic tent with a frame type double-slope top;

Fig. 14 is a structural schematic diagram of setting side windows for a nomadic tent with a framed four-slope top;

Fig. 15 is another structural schematic diagram of setting side windows for a nomadic tent with a frame type double-slope top;

Fig. 16 is another structural schematic diagram of setting side windows for a nomadic tent with a framed four-slope top;

Fig. 17 is another structural schematic diagram of setting side windows for a nomadic tent with a frame type double-slope top;

Fig. 18 is another structural schematic diagram of setting side windows for a nomadic tent with a framed four-slope top;

Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the chimney and the awning;

Figure 20 is a graph showing the influence of different skylight circumference ratios on the temperature in the tent;

Figure 21 is a curve diagram of the influence of different side window circumference ratios on the temperature in the tent;

Figure 22 is a graph showing the influence of different side window girth ratios and skylight girth ratio combinations on the temperature in the tent;

Figure 23 is a graph showing the influence of outer tarpaulins of different materials on the thermal performance of tents;

Fig. 24 is the influence curve diagram of the outer tarpaulin of different materials on tent heat resistance performance;

Fig. 25 is the influence curve diagram of the outer tarpaulin of different colors to tent insulation performance;

Fig. 26 is a graph showing the influence of different colors of outer tarpaulins on the thermal performance of the tent.

The marks in the drawings and the names of the corresponding parts: 1-frame; 2-canopy enclosure; 3-skylight hole; 4-side window hole; 5-chimney; Large window opening; 10-small window opening; 11-herringbone steel frame; 12-metal sheet; 13-asbestos cloth or asbestos board; 14-fixed components.

Detailed ways

The utility model will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments and accompanying drawings, but the implementation of the utility model is not limited thereto.

Example

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, a thermal insulation nomadic tent is mainly composed of a frame 1 and an awning 2 arranged on the frame 1. The awning 2 is provided with a skylight hole 3 and a side window hole 4. The awning 2 The top of the chimney is provided with a chimney 5, and the skylight hole 3 and the side window hole 4 are all provided with curtains 6.

The top or side of the canopy 2 is provided with a chimney mouth for the passage of the chimney 5, as shown in Figure 19, in order to prevent the overheating of the chimney from destroying the canopy fabric around the chimney, use asbestos cloth or asbestos board 13 The metal sheet 12 serves as a transitional connecting part between the awning fabric and the chimney, and plays a role of flame retardancy. The awning fabric is fixed to the metal sheet 12 through the fixing member 14 .

There are two structural forms of tents involved in the utility model: one is the frame type double-slope roof shown in Figure 1; the other is the frame type four-slope roof shown in Figure 2, but the structure of the utility model is not Limited to the above two forms, it can also be designed according to user needs. There are two ways to assemble the frame: 1. It is composed of several steel pipes through hinged connection and series connection; 2. It is composed of multi-pass components. On the top of the frame 1 along the direction of the herringbone steel frame 11, a plurality of steel cables or steel ropes are arranged between the steel pipes to stabilize the structure of the frame 1; a plurality of steel cables and steel ropes are arranged horizontally under the frame 1 in the tent, It can be used to hang horse lanterns, towels and other items, which is convenient for herdsmen's daily life.

There are four types of skylights arranged on the tent enclosure 2: one is as shown in Figures 3 and 4, the skylight hole 3 spans the top of the tent enclosure 2, and a curtain 6 with an area larger than the skylight hole is attached on it. Stay cord 8 is attached on the 6, and one side is sewed and fixed on the awning surround. When the skylight needs to be opened, the curtain 6 is opened by pulling the stay cord 8 downward on the side where the curtain 6 is sewn;

The other is shown in Figures 5 and 6. The entire skylight hole 3 is arranged on any one or more slopes, and the skylight hole 3 is provided with a curtain 6 for blocking wind, rain and snow. The curtain 6 is rectangular and has a stay cord on it. 8. One side of the rectangular curtain is fixed, and the two sides perpendicular to the fixed side are provided with cloth strips 7 that connect and seal to prevent rainwater seepage. Cloth strips 7 are triangular, and their shape determines the opening angle of the skylight. When the skylight needs to be opened for ventilation, the curtain 6 only needs to be opened to a proper position by pulling the stay cord 8, and the stay cord 8 is fixed to keep the opening angle of the curtain 6. Not only can curtain 6 be installed in the mode shown in Figure 5,6 on the skylight hole 3, also can as shown in Figure 7,8, skylight hole 3 is designed as an inverted triangle, in order to prevent rainwater seepage. The curtain 6 is installed on the triangular hole, and the curtain 6 is equipped with a drawstring 8 to control its tightening state. When the skylight needs to be opened, the skylight can be opened by simply pulling the drawstring 8 on the curtain 6 to shrink it. .

The third type is shown in Figures 9 and 10. This type of skylight is mainly used in frame-type double-slope nomadic tents. The skylights of this type are on the two opposite gable surfaces (sides of the tent perpendicular to the slope) Partially offers triangular skylight hole 3, and is attached triangular curtain 6 thereon. One side of triangular curtain 6 is fixed on the bottom of triangular skylight hole 3, and on the diagonal tip of the fixed limit of curtain 6, sews stay cord 8 on inner and outer surfaces respectively. A small hole is offered at the gable top of the side wall, and the stay cord 8 sewn on the inside surface of the curtain 6 passes through the small hole to hang in the tent, and the stay cord 8 sewn on the outside of the curtain 6 hangs outside the tent. When the skylight needs to be opened, pull the stay cord 8 downward outside the tent, and the curtain 6 is drawn to a natural hanging state, and the skylight is fully opened; Curtain 6 is bonded with awning surround by nylon adhesive tape, avoids cold wind to infiltrate.

The fourth type is shown in Figures 11 and 12. This form of skylight is mainly used in frame-type double-slope nomadic tents. The skylights of this form are on the two opposite gable surfaces (sides of the tent perpendicular to the slope) Partially offers triangular skylight hole 3, and is attached triangular curtain 6 thereon. The two hypotenuses of the triangular curtain 6 are sewn on the canopy, and the third side of the triangular curtain 6 is sewn with a stay rope 8. The length of the third side is longer than the length of the corresponding side of the triangular window hole. The increment of the length will determine the opening of the curtain. Angle, the larger the increment, the larger the opening angle and the better the ventilation effect. When the sunroof needs to be opened, the stay cord 8 is pulled outwards and downwards outside the tent, and the third side of the curtain 6 is pulled up to the outside, and the stay cord 8 is fixed to pull up the angle of the curtain; when the sunroof needs to be closed, the stay cord 8 is released. , the curtain 6 hangs naturally so that the skylight is in a closed state.

The side window hole 4 provided on the canopy 2 has three types: one is shown in Figure 13 and 14, a curtain 6 slightly larger than the side window hole 4 is attached outside the side window hole 4, and the side window hole 4 is rectangular; The other is shown in Figures 15 and 16, and its difference from the first form is that the side window hole is an inverted triangle, which increases the ability to prevent rainwater; When the single side window hole 4 has a large area, a small window hole 10 is added on the large curtain, and a small curtain is attached thereon, which can adapt to various weather conditions and increase the convenience of use.

A key point of the utility model is to determine the reasonable range of the girth ratio of the skylight and the girth ratio of the side windows on the canopy through scientific experiment analysis, and the optimal combination within a reasonable range. The purpose of optimizing the girth ratio of the skylight and the girth ratio of the side windows is to better ventilate, exhaust smoke, prevent heat and create a healthy and hygienic indoor environment. The better the thermal performance, the stronger the ventilation and smoke exhaust ability, and the more fresh air from outside enters.

The area ratio between the skylight hole 3 and the tent enclosure 2 refers to the ratio of the sum of the opening areas of the skylights on each side of the top of the tent to the entire tent enclosure 2 area (including all openings), referred to as the skylight enclosure ratio; The area ratio of the tent enclosure 2 refers to the ratio of the sum of the area of the side window openings (including doors) around the tent to the area of the entire tent enclosure 2 (including all openings), referred to as the side window enclosure ratio.

In order to determine the reasonable range of the girth ratio of the skylight and the girth ratio of the side windows on the canopy, the experiment of the effect of the girth ratio of the skylight on the air temperature inside the tent was carried out first. The experiment was carried out when all the side windows were closed. In the figure, the abscissa indicates different times, and the ordinate indicates temperature. The five test curves from top to bottom are the air temperature comparisons at the geometric centers of various tents when the skylight girth ratio is 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, and 0.038. It can be seen from the figure that under the same meteorological conditions outdoors, when the skylight circumference ratio is 0 (that is, the skylights are all closed), the temperature inside the tent is the highest; when the skylight circumference ratio is 0.01, the temperature inside the tent drops significantly. The greenhouse effect is weakened; when the skylight ratio increases to 0.02, the temperature inside the tent drops significantly; when the skylight ratio is 0.03, the greenhouse effect of the tent is further improved; but when the skylight ratio increases to 0.038 , compared with 0.03, the indoor temperature does not decrease significantly. Therefore, from the perspective of weakening the greenhouse effect of the tent, enhancing the heat resistance of the tent and maintaining sufficient ventilation, it is better to control the girth ratio of the skylight below 0.03. The opening of the skylight is too large. First, the cost of the skylight and accessories will be increased. Second, the difficulty of preventing rain and leakage will be greatly increased. Third, the improvement of the ability to prevent heat and smoke is not too significant, and the gain outweighs the gain. On the other hand, it can be seen from the picture above that whether there is a skylight on the tent, the ability to prevent heat and weaken the greenhouse effect is completely different; For nomadic tents heated by tea, the best way to discharge the overflowing smoke is the skylight; in addition, the skylight can also meet the basic needs of the occupants for natural lighting. After the above test analysis and comprehensive research, the minimum skylight girth ratio should be greater than 0.01. Accordingly, the girth ratio of the skylight of the present invention ranges from 0.01 to 0.03.

Then, the experiment on the effect of side window circumference ratio on the temperature inside the tent was carried out. The experiment was carried out when the skylights were all closed. The experimental results are shown in Figure 21. In the figure, the abscissa indicates different times, and the ordinate indicates the temperature. The five test curves from top to bottom are the comparison of the air temperature inside the tent when the side window circumference ratio is 0, 0.05, 0.095, 0.15, and 0.196, and the bottom curve is the outdoor air temperature. It can be seen from the figure that under the same weather conditions outdoors, when the side window circumference ratio is 0 (that is, the side windows are all closed), the temperature inside the tent is the highest; when the side window circumference ratio is 0.05, the temperature inside the tent has Significantly decreased, the greenhouse effect weakened, especially in the higher temperature range; as the side window ratio increased to 0.095, the temperature in the tent decreased significantly; when the side window ratio was 0.15, the tent The greenhouse effect is further improved; but when the side window enclosure ratio increases to 0.196, the indoor air temperature does not decrease significantly compared with 0.15. Therefore, from the perspective of weakening the greenhouse effect of the tent, enhancing the heat resistance of the tent and maintaining sufficient ventilation, it is better to control the side window circumference ratio below 0.15. If the window opening is too large, the cost of windows and accessories will be increased, and the possibility of rainwater intrusion will be increased. , the aesthetic appearance is affected by the deterioration of the falling property. On the other hand, tents are for people to live in. In addition to comfort requirements such as heat protection, smoke exhaust, and good air quality, the occupants also have basic needs for lighting during their residence. The heat protection effect also needs to consider the occupant’s natural lighting and appreciation of the exterior scenery. After the above comprehensive research, the minimum side window circumference ratio should be greater than 0.05. Accordingly, the utility model’s side window circumference ratio ranges from 0.05 to 0.15.

The above optimization ranges of the girth ratio of the side window and the girth ratio of the sunroof are obtained under the condition of fixing one of them, and their reasonable optimal combination can achieve better results, otherwise, inappropriate combinations will affect the effect. In order to obtain the influence of the combination of side window girth ratio and skylight girth ratio within the above range on the heat protection, smoke exhaust, ventilation and lighting of the tent, the following is the comparison of the air temperature inside the tent with different combinations of skylight girth ratio and side window girth ratio. Influencing experiments, the experimental results are shown in Figure 22. In the figure, the abscissa indicates different times, and the ordinate indicates the temperature. The five test curves from top to bottom are the comparison of the air temperature at the geometric center of various tents under different side window and skylight circumference ratios, and the bottom one is the outdoor air temperature curve. The first curve from top to bottom in the figure shows that under the same outdoor meteorological conditions, when the side windows and skylight ratios are both 0 (that is, the side windows and skylights are all closed), the temperature inside the tent is the highest; the second line The curve shows that when the girth ratio of the side window is 0.097 and the girth ratio of the skylight is 0, the temperature inside the tent drops significantly, and the greenhouse effect is weakened; the third curve shows that when the girth ratio of the side window is appropriately reduced to 0.076, but the skylight is opened, When the girth ratio of the skylight increases by 0.012, the temperature inside the tent drops significantly; the fourth curve shows that when the girth ratio of the side windows and the skylight is further increased to 0.11 and 0.021 respectively, the temperature drops again. The greenhouse effect of the tent has been further improved; the fifth curve shows that when the ratios of side windows and skylights are both increased to the maximum recommended values of 0.15 and 0.03, the heat protection effect of the tent is better.

The experiment scientifically explained a few points: 1. The importance of a reasonable match between the side window and the sunroof ratio, the effect is not good if only the side window is opened without the sunroof (deviating from the recommended range); 2. Within a certain matching range of the recommended value Inside (the 3rd and 4th curves), the effect of increasing the ratio of side windows and skylights is not too significant. Considering the factors that increase the production cost and the difficulty of rain protection due to the increase of side windows and skylights, the ratio of the skylight ratio is 0.02 1. The combination of side window girth ratio around 0.10 is the best; 3. Enlarging the side window and skylight girth ratio is always beneficial for heat protection and ventilation. If all or part of it is bonded freely, one or more sides can be uncovered in hot weather.

Regardless of whether the ratio of the side windows and skylights finalized in the tent production is large or small, it will greatly affect the performance of heat protection, smoke exhaust and ventilation, but will not affect the thermal insulation performance of the tent. Because the side windows and skylights can be completely closed (when heat preservation is required); they can also be fully opened (when smoke exhaust and ventilation are required); they can also be opened to any angle according to the actual situation, so that the climate and environmental adaptability of the tent are enhanced. The size of the side windows and the skylight ratio finally determined by the tent production determines how much adjustment range the producer provides for the tent occupants.

In addition, in order to prevent mosquitoes, screens are generally installed at the opening of the window; the mesh density of screens on the market varies greatly, if according to the ventilation area ratio, it is generally 25-55% (the ventilation area ratio of the screen window for the experimental sample is about 40%). The effect of screen mesh density on side window and skylight girth ratio is that when the selected screen window mesh is thinner (larger ventilation area), the girth ratio of side windows and skylight can be appropriately reduced; , The girth ratio of the skylight can be increased appropriately. For nomadic areas with high altitude and few mosquitoes, if there are no screens in the window openings, the preferred range of side window and skylight ratios can be multiplied by a correction factor of 0.70.

In addition, there are obvious differences in the smoke exhaust, heat exhaust and ventilation effects of the four skylight forms shown in Figures 3 to 12, which become worse in turn. If the effect of the first form is 100%, the latter three forms are approximately 90%, 75%, and 60% successively.

Another key point of the utility model is to reasonably select the outer tarpaulin material and color range of the nomadic tent through scientific experiments.

In order to determine the material of the outer tarpaulin, the experiment of the influence of different materials of the outer tarpaulin on the thermal insulation performance of the tent was first carried out. The experiment was carried out at night, and the other conditions of the tent were the same, only the material of the outer tarpaulin was different, in order to exclude other factors. During the experiment, the side windows and skylights were all closed. The experimental results are shown in Figure 23. In the figure, the abscissa corresponds to different times, and the ordinate indicates the temperature. The upper curve is the change curve of the temperature inside the tent when the outer tarpaulin fabric is made of organic fluorine waterproof and breathable canvas; the middle curve is the change curve of the temperature inside the tent when the outer tarpaulin fabric is made of PVC single-sided coating; the lower One is the outside air temperature. It can be seen from the figure that when organic fluorine is used as the outer tarpaulin fabric, the temperature inside the tent is significantly higher than that of the tent with PVC single-sided coating, and the temperature inside the tent with PVC single-sided coated fabric as the outer tarpaulin fabric is sometimes lower. Due to the outdoor air temperature, the "cold room effect" appears. Further test results show that the inner surface temperature of the single-sided PVC fabric tent is lower than that of the organic fluorine fabric tent, and the lower degree is more obvious than the lower temperature, resulting in a more significant cold feeling in the single-sided PVC fabric tent.

Then, the experiment on the influence of different materials of the outer tarpaulin on the thermal performance of the tent is carried out. The other conditions of this experiment are the same as those of the experiment on the influence of different materials of the outer tarpaulin on the thermal performance of the tent. The only difference is that it is carried out during the daytime. The experimental results are shown in Figure 24 In the figure, the abscissa corresponds to different times, and the ordinate indicates the temperature. The upper one is the change curve of the temperature inside the tent when the outer tarpaulin fabric is made of PVC single-sided coating; the middle curve is the change curve of the temperature inside the tent when the outer tarpaulin fabric is made of organic fluorine waterproof and breathable canvas; the lower one is is the outside air temperature. It can be seen from the figure that when organic fluorine is used as the outer tarpaulin fabric, the temperature inside the tent is significantly lower than that of the tent with PVC single-sided coating. Further test results show that the inner surface temperature of the single-sided PVC fabric tent is higher than that of the organic fluorine fabric tent, and the higher degree is more obvious than the temperature, resulting in a more significant hot feeling in the single-sided PVC fabric tent.

Through the above two experiments, it can be seen that when the tent structure, form, size parameters and other materials are the same, only the outer tarpaulin material is different, the thermal insulation performance of the two tents when it is cold at night and the heat protection during the day when the solar radiation is strong There is a noticeable difference in performance. Further testing found that the main reason for the above phenomenon is the difference in thermal conductivity of the two materials. The thermal conductivity of single-sided PVC-coated fabric is about 0.068W/m℃, while the thermal conductivity of organic fluorine waterproof and breathable canvas is about 0.048W/m m°C; The comparative test of tents made of other fabric materials also proves that choosing materials with a small thermal conductivity as the outer tent fabric is beneficial to improving the thermal insulation and heat resistance performance of the tent. Accordingly, the utility model adopts an organic fluorine fabric with a thermal conductivity of 0.042-0.055W/m°C as the outer tarpaulin fabric of the nomadic tent.

In order to determine the color range of the outer tarpaulin of the nomadic tent, it is necessary to conduct an experiment on the influence of different colors of the outer tarpaulin on the thermal insulation performance of the tent. The experiment is carried out at night, and the other conditions of the tent are the same, only the color of the outer tarpaulin is different. In order to exclude other factors During the experiment, the side windows and skylights were all closed. The experimental results are shown in Figure 25. In the figure, the abscissa corresponds to different times, and the ordinate indicates the temperature. The top one is the change curve of the temperature inside the tent when the outer tarpaulin fabric is pure white; the second is the change curve of the temperature inside the tent when the outer tarpaulin fabric is off-white; the third is the outer tarpaulin fabric is dark When it is gray, the change curve of the temperature inside the tent; the bottom line is the change curve of the temperature inside the tent when the outer tarpaulin fabric is blue. It can be seen from the figure that the lighter the color of the outer tarpaulin fabric, the higher the temperature inside the tent and the better the thermal insulation; pure white is the best, and blue is the worst of these colors. Further test results show that the inner surface temperature of light-colored fabric tents is higher than that of dark-colored fabric tents, and the degree of high temperature is more obvious than that of air temperature, resulting in a more significant sense of warmth in light-colored fabric tents.

The last experiment was the effect of different colors of outer tarpaulins on the thermal performance of the tent. The other conditions of this experiment were the same as those of the experiment on the thermal performance of tents with different colors. The only difference was that it was carried out during the daytime. The experimental results are shown in Figure 26. In the figure, the abscissa corresponds to different times, and the ordinate indicates the temperature. From bottom to top, the bottom one is the temperature change curve inside the tent when the outer tarpaulin fabric is pure white; the second curve is the temperature change curve inside the tent when the outer tarpaulin fabric is off-white; the third curve is the outer tent fabric When the cloth fabric is dark gray, the change curve of the temperature inside the tent; the top one is the change curve of the temperature inside the tent when the outer tarpaulin fabric is blue. It can be seen from the figure that the lighter the color of the outer tarpaulin fabric, the lower the temperature inside the tent and the better the heat insulation; pure white is the best, and blue is the worst of these colors. Further test results show that the inner surface temperature of light-colored fabric tents is lower than that of dark-colored fabric tents, and the lower degree is more obvious than that of air temperature, resulting in a more significant cool feeling in light-colored fabric tents. It can be seen that from the perspective of improving the thermal insulation and heat resistance performance of nomadic tents, the color orientation of the outer tarpaulin fabric is consistent, that is, light colors are preferred.

Through further experimental tests, it is found that the main reason for the above phenomenon is that different colors of outer tarpaulin fabrics have different reflectivity and absorption rate for radiation waves, and light-colored fabrics have high reflectivity and low absorption rate. During the day, the sun radiates heat on the outer surface of the tent, and the light-colored fabric reflects most of the heat away, and less is absorbed by the outer tarpaulin, so the temperature on the inner surface of the tent and inside the tent is lower, and the dark-colored fabric absorbs more reflection. Therefore, the temperature on the inner surface of the tent and inside the tent is higher; at night, the cold radiation from the sky shines on the outer surface of the tent, and the light-colored fabric reflects most of the cold energy away, which is less absorbed by the tent, and the temperature inside the tent is higher. The dark fabric absorbs more and reflects less, and the temperature inside the tent is lower.

Based on this, it can be concluded that the color of the outer tarpaulin of nomadic tents is preferably pure white or light off-white; during the use of the tent, the outer tarpaulin should be treated with self-cleaning, anti-fouling, and color fastness to prevent gray stains from making the fabric color Darker; the colored area of the dark decorative color strips (blocks) designed on the outer layer of the tent and the printed dark patterns of ethnic characteristics should be controlled within 20% of the entire outer surface of the tent, so as not to affect the heat preservation and heat protection of the tent. There is a noticeable adverse effect on performance.

Based on scientific testing and research, the optimization parameters of tent design, the range of thermal conductivity of fabric materials and the preferred color of fabrics proposed above are optimized from the perspective of technical indicators such as tent ventilation, heat exhaust, smoke exhaust, heat preservation, and heat insulation. The nomadic tent also needs to comprehensively consider the economic affordability of herdsmen, ethnic customs, etc. In fact, through technical and economic comparison, it is not completely limited to the above range. For example, in order to reduce product prices, the skylight circumference ratio is zero, or only single-layer fabric wait.

The utility model is mainly aimed at nomadic tents used by herdsmen on the grassland, but is not limited to nomadic tents, and can also be applied to tents in other fields, which will not be described one by one here.

As mentioned above, the utility model can be better realized.

Claims (9)

1. heat preservation nomadism tent, mainly by framework (1) and be arranged on paulin on the framework (1) and enclose (2) and constitute, the gusset all around that described paulin encloses (2) is provided with side window hole (4), it is characterized in that, described side window hole (4) is 0.05～0.15 with the area ratio that paulin encloses (2).

2. a kind of heat preservation nomadism tent according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described side window hole (4) is 0.10 with the area ratio that paulin encloses (2).

3. a kind of heat preservation nomadism tent according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the top that described paulin encloses (2) also is provided with a day window opening (3), and day window opening (3) is 0.01～0.03 with the area ratio that paulin encloses (2).

4. a kind of heat preservation nomadism tent according to claim 3 is characterized in that, described sky window opening (3) is 0.02 with the area ratio that paulin encloses (2).

5. a kind of heat preservation nomadism tent according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described paulin enclose (2) by the outer tarpaulin that is provided with from outside to inside, insulation layer and in the material treble cloths constitute, it is that 0.042～0.055W/m ℃ organic fluorine waterproof gas permeability lining is made that outer tarpaulin adopts coefficient of thermal conductivity.

6. a kind of heat preservation nomadism tent according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described paulin encloses (2) and is made of Peng Ding and gusset, is connected by connecting elements between Peng Ding and the gusset, and described connecting elements is nylon adhesion, hoop-linked buckle, clasp group or slide fastener.

7. a kind of heat preservation nomadism tent according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described paulin encloses the top of (2) or gusset and is provided with and is used for the throat that chimney (5) passes, and chimney (5) adopts sheet asbestos or asbestos cloth parcel with the contact site that paulin encloses (2).

8. a kind of heat preservation nomadism tent according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described framework (1) by some steel pipes by hinged, be cascadedly combined; Or, between the steel pipe that constitutes framework (1), be provided with some steel cable or the cable wires that are used for firm its structure by how logical members connection combines; Paulin encloses by stitching the solid rope colligation of side within it and is fixed on the framework.

9. a kind of heat preservation nomadism tent according to claim 3 is characterized in that, is provided with curtain (6) on described sky window opening (3) and side window hole (4).

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