CN201486208U - Frame nomad tent with inner air compartment - Google Patents
Frame nomad tent with inner air compartment Download PDFInfo
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- CN201486208U CN201486208U CN200920176565XU CN200920176565U CN201486208U CN 201486208 U CN201486208 U CN 201486208U CN 200920176565X U CN200920176565X U CN 200920176565XU CN 200920176565 U CN200920176565 U CN 200920176565U CN 201486208 U CN201486208 U CN 201486208U
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Abstract
本实用新型公开了一种带内空气间层的框架式游牧帐篷。该游牧帐篷包括框架和篷围，篷围内侧设置有内篷围，内篷围和篷围之间构成内空气间层，内空气间层的平均厚度为100～200mm；所述篷围和内篷围上均设置有天窗洞和侧窗洞，所述天窗围比为0.01～0.03，侧窗围比为0.05～0.15。本实用新型通过在篷围的内侧设置内篷围构成内空气间层，合理选择帐篷面料的材质和颜色，削弱游牧帐篷的“温室效应”和“冷室效应”，增加帐篷的隔热和保温性能；通过帐篷篷围的科学合理设计，实现游牧帐篷在防热、通风和排烟等功能方面进行根本的改善，提高牧民在游牧期间的生活居住品质。
The utility model discloses a frame type nomadic tent with inner air space. The nomadic tent includes a frame and a tent enclosure, an inner tent enclosure is arranged inside the tent enclosure, an inner air interlayer is formed between the inner tent enclosure and the tent enclosure, and the average thickness of the inner air interlayer is 100-200mm; A skylight hole and a side window hole are arranged on the canopy, the skylight ratio is 0.01-0.03, and the side window ratio is 0.05-0.15. The utility model forms an inner air layer by setting an inner canopy on the inner side of the canopy, reasonably selects the material and color of the tent fabric, weakens the "greenhouse effect" and "cold room effect" of the nomadic tent, and increases the heat insulation and heat preservation of the tent. Performance: Through the scientific and reasonable design of the tent enclosure, the nomadic tents can be fundamentally improved in terms of heat protection, ventilation and smoke exhaust, and the living quality of the nomads can be improved during the nomadic period.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of tent, specifically is meant a kind of frame type nomadic camp with interior air space.
Background technology
In order to adapt to the mode of production that " grass of relieving oedema or abdominal distension through diuresis or purgation " herds, for herdsman and wife and children provide the covert, herdsman bring into play its intelligence and wisdom over the past thousands of years, have createed the needle spikesedge herb tent.The ox hair tent usually with pin do support, manual braiding needle spikesedge herb is done and is gone along with sb. to guard him, do it yourself to build by experience and method that the generation follows.The ox hair tent is the indispensable tool of production of herdsman, is again the shelter that the herdsman is rely and perched.It has migrates quick, the adaptable space-time characteristic in place, gathers materials on the spot, cheap economical; But sombre moist in the ox hair tent, roof leaking is ventilative, and it is general that smoke fire burns phenomenon, and indoor thermal and humidity environment and comfortableness are all relatively poor.
Along with herdsman are frequent day by day with external world's contacts, a kind of nomadic camp of frame type is subjected to a part of herdsman in the pastoral area of cold and likes.This frame tent is compared with traditional needle spikesedge herb tent, and its advantage is, structure adopts metal tube to make framework, and structural stability is good, and it is strong that wind resistance holds the crushing by snow ability, inner space standard good utilisation; Rod member and accessory standardization, dress is removed convenient and swift, overall weight is light, unit living space weight dry state only is equivalent to 60～80% of ox hair tent, hygrometric state is equivalent to 40～60% of ox hair tent, cloth is more closely knit than needle spikesedge herb, and rainproof, thermal property has greatly improved, and and comfortable for living is significantly improved.
1), the smoke evacuation ability but the paulin of this frame type nomadic camp encloses meter and often pays attention to warming and ignored functions such as solar heat protection, ventilation, smoke evacuation and considered, in nomad's grazing season chien shih time spent, has the problem of the following aspects:.All to be unable to do without with cow dung or fuel wood be the kitchen range of fuel because the herdsman cooks, boils daily lifes such as tea, roasting zanba, roasted qingke barley flour, heating, and the flue gas that burning produces causes the pollution to room air inevitably, and the smoke evacuation function is that to have tent now ill-considered; 2) a little less than, the solar heat protection ability.The general height above sea level in pastoral area is higher, and solar radiation is more intense, even colder season, when daytime, solar radiation was strong, the temperature in the tent was higher, and " greenhouse effect " are obvious, and solar heat protection also is essential; 3), climatic adaptation is indifferent.The nomadic phase generally is 4～October, during have significant period of time to be in comparatively hot summer, the and comfortable for living of the frame tent that the solar heat protection ability is weak is very poor; 4), ventilation deficiency.Since the herdsman will be in tent daily life and be engaged in some such as making activity in production such as cheese, in addition various life production facilities are stacked in the spacious inadequately tent in space, and the good ventilation condition of guaranteeing tent is that the air quality institute of hygiene and health in elimination foreign flavor indoors, the holding chamber is essential.
The frame type nomadic camp is except that existing above problem, and these tents also have significantly that " cold room effect, promptly at sunny night, the indoor temperature of tent is also lower than outside air temperature on the contrary, forms " cold house " night.By experimental study repeatedly, find " cold room effect mainly is because the sky cold emission at night causes, and the sky cold emission is strong more, in the tent " cold room effect is obvious more; And at cloud layer thicker night, " cold room effect is faint, " cold room effect even occurs.
The frame type nomadic camp in use can experience various meteorological conditions, and in the whole year, outside air temperature and meteorological condition all change.When outside air temperature was lower than 18 ℃ of the minimum comfort temperatures of people sensation, " greenhouse effect " were favourable for the environment that improves in the tent; If but " greenhouse effect " are too strong, surpassed 26 ℃, it is sultry that the occupants feels, just need suppress; When outside air temperature was higher than 26 ℃, " greenhouse effect " all can cause in the tent more uncomfortable, all needed to suppress.Equally, when outside air temperature is higher than 26 ℃ of the highest comfort temperatures of people sensation, night " cold room effect is favourable for the environment that improves in the tent; if but " cold room effect is too strong, make the interior temperature of tent be lower than 18 ℃, the creeping chill apparition just need suppress; When outside air temperature was lower than 18 ℃, " cold room effect all can cause in the tent more uncomfortable, all needs to suppress.
The utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is to overcome the shortcoming and defect of above-mentioned prior art, a kind of frame type nomadic camp with interior air space is provided, air space in paulin enclosed and constitutes in this nomadic camp was provided with by the inboard of enclosing at paulin, weaken its " greenhouse effect " and " cold room effect; By the scientific and reasonable design that the tent paulin encloses, realize that nomadic camp carries out basic improvement in function aspects such as solar heat protection, ventilation and smoke evacuations; By scientific experiment is foundation, and the heat conductivility of choose reasonable tent material and color weaken " greenhouse effect " of nomadic camp and " cold room effect increases the heat insulation and heat-insulating property of tent, the life inhabitation quality of raising herdsman during nomadic.
The purpose of this utility model is to be achieved through the following technical solutions: the frame type nomadic camp of air space in the band, mainly by framework and be arranged on paulin on the framework and enclose and constitute, paulin encloses and comprises Peng Ding and gusset, paulin enclosed in the inboard that described paulin encloses was provided with, interior paulin encloses and paulin constitute between enclosing in air space.
Further, described in the average thickness of air space too little, insulation, effect of heat insulation are undesirable; Average thickness is too big, and is not obvious to the effect of further enhancing insulation, effect of heat insulation, and occupies the bigger interior space.Take all factors into consideration, its average thickness is designed to 100～200mm, and preferentially is designed to 150mm.
Further again, described Peng Ding and with the Peng Ding position corresponding in paulin place and be provided with a day window opening, a day window opening is 0.01～0.03 with the area ratio that paulin encloses; Described gusset and with the gusset position corresponding in paulin place and be provided with the side window hole, described side window hole is 0.05～0.15 with the area ratio that paulin encloses.
The area that above-mentioned day window opening and paulin enclose encloses the area ratio of (containing all holes) than the hole area sum and the whole paulin that refer to the skylight that each face of tent top offers, and ratio is enclosed in the abbreviation skylight; The area ratio that side window hole and paulin enclose refers to that area sum and the whole paulin at side window hole (containing door) encloses the area ratio of (containing all holes) around the tent, and the abbreviation side window encloses ratio.
Window opening was 0.01～0.03 with the area ratio that paulin encloses in described day, the side window hole is 0.05～0.15 with the area ratio that paulin encloses, enclose than enclosing than optimum organization arbitrarily in above-mentioned scope with side window in the skylight, take all factors into consideration the factor that side window hole and day window opening cause cost of production and rainproof difficulty to increase that increases, the skylight enclose than near 0.02, side window encloses near the best that is combined as than 0.10 time.
Described nomadic camp employing coefficient of thermal conductivity is that 0.042～0.055W/m ℃ organic fluorine waterproof gas permeability lining is made, and fabric color is preferentially selected pure white or light gray-white for use; Interior paulin encloses and can adopt fire-retardant cloth or ventilative bunting shell fabric to make.When tent structure, form, dimensional parameters and other material are all identical, only tarpaulin lining material selects the coefficient of thermal conductivity materials with smaller as the tarpaulin lining not simultaneously, all is favourable to insulation, the thermal protective performance that improves tent; And because the different colours lining is different with absorptivity for the reflectivity of radiated wave, the reflectivity height of light color lining and absorptivity is low, preferentially to adopt coefficient of thermal conductivity be that 0.042～0.055W/m ℃ pure white or light gray-white organic fluorine waterproof gas permeability lining made to the nomadic camp that relates in the utility model in view of the above.
Described paulin encloses on the framework that is fixed on nomadic camp, and preferentially adopt split-type design, it mainly is made of Peng Ding and gusset, and Peng Ding and gusset independently are provided with, at Peng Ding and gusset connecting portion connecting elements is set, described connecting elements is nylon adhesion, hoop-linked buckle, clasp group or slide fastener.Described paulin encloses not only can adopt split-type design, also can be designed to an overall structure.
Paulin encloses the framework inboard that is attached to nomadic camp in described, promptly in paulin enclose be suspended on framework inboard with paulin enclose form in air space, the pattern of described air space has two kinds of situation: a, full air space, promptly in paulin enclose by interior top girth and interior gusset and form; B, part air space enclose as interior paulin and only to comprise interior top.Interior paulin is placed and is provided with door, skylight and side window, and position and size that interior paulin encloses door, skylight and the side window placed with paulin all are complementary.
In order to make tent can discharge the flue gas that produces in herdsman's life process fast, at paulin encloses and interior paulin encloses top or gusset be provided with and be used for the throat that chimney passes, thereby guarantee that inner flue gas of the stove can discharge smoothly, improve the air quality in the tent.For preventing that chimney from crossing the paulin of heat damage chimney periphery and enclosing with interior paulin and enclose lining, enclose the transition and linkage parts that enclose lining and chimney with interior paulin with the sheet metal that accompanies asbestos cloth or sheet asbestos as paulin, play the fire-retardant fireproof effect.Paulin encloses and encloses lining with interior paulin and fix by fixed component and sheet metal.
The structure of described tent is that push up on frame type top, two slope and frame type four slopes, and the assembling mode of framework is divided into two kinds: 1, by some steel pipes by hinged, be cascadedly combined; 2, combine by many logical members connections.On frame roof domatic, between the herringbone steelframe, be provided with and intersect cable wire or steel cable, be used for firm and reinforced frame structure; Be provided with many cable wires or steel cable in frame roof along herringbone steelframe trend between steel pipe, both the stiffening frame structure can be used for again hanging the lighter article of weight such as barn lantern, towel, made things convenient for herdsman's daily life.
Described framework vertical rod is arranged on ground form two kinds: 1, the framework vertical rod is provided with perpendicular to ground; 2, the framework vertical rod favours the ground setting.
Described paulin encloses on sky window opening and the side window hole of placing with interior paulin and is provided with curtain, is used for windproof, rainproof, snow defence and prevents the sunshine direct projection; Side window hole place also can set up screen window and light transmission piece as required, and screen window is used to the daily life that prevents that mosquito from entering influence the herdsman in the tent, and blocking-up cold wind is attacked under can be in the guaranteeing account sufficient daylighting sunshine condition of light transmission piece.
The utility model compared with prior art has the following advantages and beneficial effect:
(1) be provided with by the inboard of enclosing at paulin in paulin enclose constitute in air space, weaken its " greenhouse effect " and " cold room effect.
(2) be foundation by scientific experiment, the tent paulin enclosed and interior paulin encloses and carries out scientific and reasonable design that implementation framework formula nomadic camp carries out basic improvement in function aspects such as solar heat protection, ventilation and smoke evacuations.
(3) be foundation by scientific experiment, the material of choose reasonable tent material and color weaken its " greenhouse effect " and " cold room effect increases the heat insulation and heat-insulating property of tent, improves the life inhabitation quality of herdsman during nomadic.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is an overall structure schematic diagram of the present utility model;
Overall structure schematic diagram when Fig. 2 uncovers for the utility model gusset;
Structural representation when Fig. 3 is a framework of the present utility model for top, two slope;
Structural representation when Fig. 4 is top, four slopes for framework of the present utility model;
Structural representation when Fig. 5 is provided with for framework vertical rod of the present utility model favours ground;
A kind of structural representation that the skylight is set when Fig. 6 pushes up for two slopes for the utility model;
A kind of structural representation that the skylight is set when Fig. 7 is top, four slopes for the utility model;
Another kind when Fig. 8 pushes up for two slopes for the utility model is provided with the structural representation in skylight;
Another kind when Fig. 9 is top, four slopes for the utility model is provided with the structural representation in skylight;
Figure 10 is the structural representation when day window opening is del among Fig. 8;
Figure 11 is the structural representation when day window opening is del among Fig. 9;
When Figure 12 pushes up for two slopes for the utility model another is provided with the structural representation in skylight;
Structural representation when Figure 13 closes for Figure 12 skylight;
The 4th kind of structural representation that the skylight is set when Figure 14 pushes up for two slopes for the utility model;
Structural representation when Figure 15 closes for Figure 14 skylight;
A kind of structural representation that side window is set when Figure 16 pushes up for two slopes for the utility model;
A kind of structural representation that side window is set when Figure 17 the utility model is top, four slopes;
Another kind when Figure 18 pushes up for two slopes for the utility model is provided with the structural representation of side window;
Another kind when Figure 19 the utility model is top, four slopes is provided with the structural representation of side window;
When Figure 20 pushes up for two slopes for the utility model another is provided with the structural representation of side window;
When Figure 21 the utility model is top, four slopes another is provided with the structural representation of side window;
Figure 22 is the influence curve figure of interior air space to the heat-insulating property of tent;
Figure 23 is the influence curve figure of interior air space to the heat-proof quality of tent;
Figure 24 encloses the influence curve figure of temperature in the comparison tent for different skylights;
Figure 25 encloses the influence curve figure of temperature in the comparison tent for different side windows;
Figure 26 encloses than enclosing than the influence curve figure of combination to temperature in the tent with the skylight for different side windows;
Figure 27 is the influence curve figures of different lining materials to the tent heat-insulating property;
Figure 28 is the influence curve figures of different lining materials to the tent thermal protective performance;
Figure 29 is the influence curve figures of different fabric colors to the tent heat-insulating property;
Figure 30 is the influence curve figures of different fabric colors to the tent thermal protective performance.
Mark and corresponding component title in the accompanying drawing: 1-framework; 2-Peng Ding; The 3-gusset; Paulin encloses in the 4-; 5-days window opening; 6-side window hole; The 7-chimney; The 8-curtain; The vertical rod of 9-framework; The 10-stay cord; The 11-cloth; The little window opening of 12-; The 13-cable wire.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, the utility model is described in further detail, but embodiment of the present utility model is not limited only to this.
Embodiment
The frame type nomadic camp of air space in the band that the utility model relates to, mainly by framework 1 and be arranged on paulin on the framework 1 and enclose and constitute, paulin encloses and comprises paulin top 2 and gusset 3, and paulin enclosed 4 in the inboard that described paulin encloses was provided with, interior paulin enclose 4 and paulin constitute between enclosing in air space; Described paulin encloses to place with interior paulin and is provided with day window opening 5, side window hole 6 and is used for the throat that chimney 7 passes; Be provided with curtain 8 on it window opening 5 and the side window hole 6.
Described paulin encloses the outside that is fixed on framework 1, and interior paulin encloses 4 and is attached to framework 1 inboard, as shown in Figure 1, thereby form can be totally enclosed in air space, both completely cut off outdoor heat and entered, reduce again that heat scatters and disappears in the account, guarantees the interior thermal and humidity environment of more comfortable account.
Described tent gusset can freely be uncovered, and forms changeable space in invisible, makes the air space natural ventilation, effectively heat extraction, as shown in Figure 2.
The form of structure of the nomadic camp that the utility model relates to has two kinds: a kind of for pushing up on the two slopes of frame type shown in Figure 3; Another kind is top, frame type four slope shown in Figure 4, but form of structure of the present utility model is not limited to above-mentioned two kinds of forms, also can design voluntarily according to user's request.The assembling mode of framework is divided into two kinds: 1, by some steel pipes by hinged, be cascadedly combined; 2, combine by many logical members connections.Being provided with to intersect between the herringbone steelframe on framework 1 top domatic has cable wire 13, is used for firm and reinforced frame 1 structure; Be provided with many cable wires 13 at framework 1 top along herringbone steelframe trend between steel pipe, both stiffening frame 1 structure can be used for again hanging the lighter article of weight such as barn lantern, towel, made things convenient for herdsman's daily life.
Described nomadic camp framework vertical rod 9 is arranged on ground form two kinds: a kind of being provided with perpendicular to ground shown in Fig. 3,4; Another kind of framework vertical rod 9 as shown in Figure 5 favours ground and is provided with, and effectively reduced tent all around to the resistance of wind, thereby strengthens the wind loading rating of tent greatly.Said frame form of structure and framework vertical rod 9 are arranged on ground form and can make up in twos, form the various appearances form of tent, satisfy different users's demand.
Described paulin top 2 and with paulin push up 2 positions corresponding in paulin enclose and be provided with day window opening 5 on 4, the form that is provided with on paulin top 2 of it window opening 5 has four kinds: a kind of shown in Fig. 6,7, this day, window opening 3 was across the top of enclosing at paulin, have the curtain 8 of area on it greater than sky window opening 5, have stay cord 8 on the curtain 8, and have a side seam to place at paulin admittedly.When need were opened the skylight, pulling stay cord 10 was opened curtain 8 under the solid side direction of curtain 8 seams; When need are closed the skylight, spur stay cord 10 downwards at the opposite side of curtain 8 curtain 8 is closed.
Another kind of shown in Fig. 8,9, whole day window opening 5 be arranged on any one or a plurality of domatic on, be provided with the curtain 8 of shading wind and rain snow at sky window opening 5,8 one-tenth rectangles of curtain have stay cord 10 on it, and the rectangle curtain is fixing on one side, with the vertical both sides of fixed edge on be provided with and be connected and the cloth 11 of sealing function, prevent storm seepage, cloth 11 triangularities, its shape decision skylight opening angle.When needs unlatching skylight ventilates, only need pulling stay cord 10 that curtain 8 is opened and play the appropriate location, and fixed pulling rope 10, the opening angle of maintenance curtain 8 gets final product.Not only can the mode shown in Fig. 8,9 be installed by curtain 8 on it window opening 5, also can shown in Figure 10,11, sky window opening 5 be designed to del, in case storm seepage.Curtain 8 is installed on the triangle hole, and control is installed on the curtain 8, and it tightens up the stay cord 10 of state, when needs are opened the skylight, only needs the stay cord 10 on the pulling curtain 8 that it is shunk, and can realize the unlatching in skylight.
The third is shown in Figure 12,13, this skylight form is mainly used in the two sloping tops of frame type nomadic camp, the skylight of this form is to offer hole, shed dormer 5 on two relative gable faces (with domatic perpendicular tent side) top, and thereon with triangle curtain 8.One side of triangle curtain 8 is fixed on the bottom in hole, shed dormer 5, the fixed edge of curtain 8 to the solid stay cord 10 of seam on interior outside respectively on the top of the horn.A duck eye is offered at the gable face top of gusset, and the solid stay cord 10 of seam on curtain 8 inner faces is passed duck eye, dangles in account, and the solid stay cord 10 of seam dangles in invisible on curtain 8 outsides.When need are opened the skylight, spur stay cord 10 downwards in invisible, curtain 8 is pulled to the nature overhang, the skylight complete opening; When need are closed the skylight, in account, pull down stay cord 10, curtain 8 is retracted closed condition.Curtain 8 encloses bonding by nylon adhesion and paulin, avoids the cold wind infiltration.
The 4th kind shown in Figure 14,15, this skylight form is mainly used in the two sloping tops of frame type nomadic camp, the skylight of this form is to offer hole, shed dormer 5 on two relative gable faces (with domatic perpendicular tent side) top, and thereon with triangle curtain 8.Two hypotenuse seams of triangle curtain 8 are solid to be placed at paulin, the solid stay cord 10 of seam on the 3rd limit of triangle curtain 8, and its 3rd edge lengths is longer than the length of triangle window opening corresponding sides, the increment of length will determine the curtain opening angle, increment is big more, and opening angle is big more, and ventilation effect is good more.When need are opened the skylight, invisible outwards below pulling stay cord 10, the 3rd limit of curtain 8 is by pull-up laterally, fixed pulling rope 10 is with fixing curtain pull-up angle; When need are closed the skylight, decontrol stay cord 10, curtain 8 dangles naturally, makes the skylight be in closed condition curtain 8 and encloses bonding by nylon adhesion and paulin, avoids the cold wind infiltration.
Described gusset 3 and with gusset 3 positions corresponding in paulin enclose and be provided with side window hole 6 on 4, the be provided with form of described side window hole 6 on gusset 3 has three kinds: a kind of shown in Figure 16,17, with the curtain 8 more bigger than side window hole 6, side window hole 6 is a rectangle outside the side window hole of offering 6; Another kind of shown in Figure 18,19, the difference of itself and first kind of form is that side window hole 6 is dels, increases rainproof outlet capacity; The third when single side window hole 6 areas that paulin is placed are big, is being set up a fenestella hole 12, and thereon with curtain, can adapt to various weather conditions shown in Figure 20,21 on big curtain, increase the convenience of using.
A key point of the present utility model is that paulin encloses 4 in the inboard that paulin encloses is provided with, interior paulin enclose 4 and paulin constitute between enclosing in air space.
For interior air space being described to the insulation of tent and the influence of heat-proof quality, what at first carry out is the influence experiment of interior air space to the tent heat-insulating property.The leading indicator of reflection heat insulation effect quality is the interior temperature and the internal surface temperature of tent; Under the same conditions, temperature is high more, and is indoor warm more, and heat insulation effect is good more.This experimental selection was carried out at representative, night that temperature is lower, that need most insulation, in order to get rid of the interference of other factors, side window, skylight Close All during test.Experimental result as shown in figure 22, among the figure, abscissa is corresponding different constantly, ordinate is represented temperature.As can be seen from this figure:
1) tent of interior air space is arranged, the tent of air themperature air space in do not have in the tent;
2) tent of interior air space is arranged, the tent of tent internal surface temperature air space in do not have;
3) tent temperature, internal surface temperature and outside air temperature contrast can be found, in not having the air space tent " cold room effect is more obvious, and interior air space can weaken " cold room effect significantly.
What carry out then is the influence experiment of interior air space to the tent heat-proof quality.Carry out the daytime that this experimental selection is higher in representative temperature, solar radiation is bigger, need most solar heat protection, in order to get rid of the interference of other factors, side window, skylight Close All during test.Experimental result as shown in figure 23, among the figure, abscissa is corresponding different constantly, ordinate is represented temperature.As can be seen from this figure:
1) tent of interior air space is arranged, the tent of air space in air themperature is starkly lower than and does not have in the tent;
2) tent of interior air space is arranged, the tent of air space in the tent internal surface temperature is starkly lower than and does not have;
3) tent temperature and internal surface temperature and outside air temperature contrast can be found that " greenhouse effect " of air space tent are more unobvious in not having, interior air space can weaken " greenhouse effect " significantly.
Above test result is one group of representative test curve in the substantive test data, and test condition is that the average thickness of interior air space is 150mm, and interior air space is whole.
When interior air space only in tent local time, also have similar rule, just insulation, effect of heat insulation are subjected in various degree influence because of air space proportion size; The utility model is by air space in the part increases, and test result has obtained confirmation.
Show by a large amount of experimental results, reasonably in the average thickness of air space be 100～200mm, the average thickness of interior air space is too little, insulation, effect of heat insulation are undesirable; Average thickness is too big, and is not obvious to the effect that strengthens insulation, effect of heat insulation, and occupies the bigger interior space, takes all factors into consideration, and the scope of the average thickness of interior air space is chosen as 100～200mm, and preferentially is designed to 150mm.
Another key point of the present utility model be by scientific experiment analyze to determine skylight that paulin is placed enclose than with side window enclose than zone of reasonableness, and optimum organization in the reasonable scope.The skylight enclose than with side window enclose than the optimization purpose be better ventilation, smoke evacuation, solar heat protection and build the indoor environment of health, its comprehensive quantification effect can characterize with the solar heat protection ability of nomadic camp under hot environment, because thermal protective performance is good more, ventilate, the smoke evacuation ability is just strong more, outdoor fresh air enters just many more.
The area that described day window opening 5 and paulin enclose encloses the area ratio of (containing all holes) than the hole area sum and the whole paulin that refer to the skylight that each face of tent top offers, and ratio is enclosed in the abbreviation skylight; The area ratio that side window hole 6 and paulin enclose refers to that area sum and the whole paulin at side window hole (containing door) encloses the area ratio of (containing all holes) around the tent, and the abbreviation side window encloses ratio.
For determine skylight that paulin is placed enclose than with side window enclose than zone of reasonableness, what at first carry out is the influence experiment that temperature in the comparison tent is enclosed in the skylight, this experiment is carried out in the situation of side window Close All, experimental result as shown in figure 24, among the figure, abscissa is represented constantly different, and ordinate is represented temperature.5 test curves from top to bottom are respectively that enclose than being 0,0.01,0.02,0.03 in the skylight, and 0.038 o'clock, the air themperature at various tent geometric centers place contrasted.As can be seen from this figure, under outdoor identical meteorological condition, when when being 0 (skylight Close All) enclosed in the skylight, maximum temperature in the tent; Enclose when being 0.01 when the skylight, the temperature in the tent has obvious decline, and greenhouse effect weaken; Enclose when increasing to 0.02 when the skylight, the temperature in the tent has tangible reduction again; Enclose when being 0.03 when the skylight, the greenhouse effect of tent are further improved; But enclose when increasing to 0.038 when the skylight, indoor air temperature was compared with 0.03 o'clock, reduced and not obvious.Therefore, from the greenhouse effect that weaken tent, strengthen the solar heat protection ability of tent and keep enough good ventilation angles, the skylight enclose than be controlled at 0.03 with interior for good.It window hole is too big, and the one, increase skylight and annex cost, the 2nd, the difficulty of rainproof seepage increases greatly, and the 3rd, solar heat protection smoke evacuation ability is improved very not remarkable, loses more than gain.On the other hand, from the graph as can be seen, whether offer the skylight on the tent, the ability of solar heat protection and weakening greenhouse effect is diverse; The skylight is that the effective way, particularly every day of getting rid of hot gas and dirty gas will be made a fire and cooked, boil the nomadic camp of tea heating, and the discharge optimal path of excessive flue gas is the skylight; In addition, the primary demand of occupants's natural lighting also can be satisfied in the skylight.Through above test analysis comprehensive study, enclose than should be greater than 0.01 in minimum skylight.In view of the above, skylight of the present utility model enclose than scope be 0.01～0.03.
What carry out then is the influence experiment that side window encloses temperature in the comparison tent, and this experiment is carried out in the situation of skylight Close All, experimental result as shown in figure 25, among the figure, abscissa is represented the different moment, ordinate is represented temperature.5 test curves from top to bottom are respectively that side window encloses than being 0,0.05,0.095,0.15, and the interior air themperature of tent contrasted in 0.196 o'clock, and bottom curve is an outside air temperature.As can be seen from this figure, under outdoor identical meteorological condition, when side window encloses when being 0 (side window Close All), maximum temperature in the tent; When side window encloses when being 0.05, the temperature in the tent has obvious decline, and greenhouse effect weaken, and are particularly more obvious in the higher interval of temperature; Along with side window encloses than increasing at 0.095 o'clock, the temperature in the tent has tangible reduction again; When side window encloses when being 0.15, the greenhouse effect of tent are further improved; But when side window encloses when increasing to 0.196, indoor air temperature was compared with 0.15 o'clock, reduced and not obvious.Therefore, from the greenhouse effect that weaken tent, strengthen the solar heat protection ability of tent and keep enough good ventilation angles, it is good 0.15 below that side window encloses than being controlled at, window opening is too big, increase window and annex cost, increase the possibility that rainwater immerses, because of bob property variation influence good looking appearance.On the other hand, tent is people's use of living, the occupants is except having comfortableness requirements such as solar heat protection, smoke evacuation, good air quality, residence also has the primary demand of daylighting, opens side window except having the anti-thermal effect shown in the last figure, also need consider occupants's natural lighting and appreciation outdoor scene, through above comprehensive study, minimum side window encloses than should be greater than 0.05, in view of the above, side window of the present utility model enclose than scope be 0.05～0.15.
Above side window enclose ratio, skylight enclose than optimization range wherein obtain under the class condition fixing, the combination of their reasonable optimizing can obtain better effect, otherwise, inappropriate combination meeting impact effect.Enclose ratio, skylight and enclose in order to obtain side window than the influence of the combination in above-mentioned scope to the solar heat protection of tent, smoke evacuation, ventilation, daylighting, what then carry out is that enclose than enclosing than the influence experiment of combination to temperature in the tent with side window in different skylights, experimental result as shown in figure 26, among the figure, abscissa is represented constantly different, and ordinate is represented temperature.5 test curves from top to bottom are respectively that enclose than the air themperature contrast at various tent geometric centers place down in different side windows, skylight, and bottom one is the outside air temperature curve.Top-down the 1st curve shows of this figure, under outdoor identical meteorological condition, when when being 0 (side window, skylight Close All) enclosed in side window, skylight, maximum temperature in the tent; Article 2, curve shows, when side window enclose than be 0.097, the skylight encloses when being 0, the temperature in the tent has obvious decline, greenhouse effect weaken; Article 3, curve shows, when side window encloses than suitably being reduced to 0.076 but offer the skylight, enclose than increasing 0.012 o'clock in the skylight, and the temperature in the tent has reduction clearly on the contrary; Article 4, curve shows, when enclose than all further increasing in side window, skylight, to 0.11 and 0.021 o'clock, temperature descends again to some extent respectively, and the greenhouse effect of tent are further improved; Article 5, curve shows is when the solar heat protection better effects if of tent is enclosed when all increasing to maximum recommendation 0.15 and 0.03 in side window, skylight.
Some has been described this experimental science: 1, the importance than reasonable coupling is enclosed in side window, skylight, only opens side window, the poor effect of do not put in a skylight (departing from recommended range); 2, in some matching ranges of recommendation (the 3rd, 4 curve), increase side window, skylight enclose than effect be not too remarkable, taking all factors into consideration the factor that side window and skylight cause cost of production and rainproof difficulty to increase that increases, the skylight enclose than 0.02, side window encloses than near the best that is combined as 0.10; 3, increase side window, skylight and enclose and be compared to solar heat protection, ventilate always favourablely, tackle hot extreme climate, it is bonding several gussets of tent can be designed to all or part of activity, when meeting special hot climate, can uncover one or more surfaces gusset.
Tent is made final side window, the skylight of determining and is enclosed than no matter big or little, from largely influencing solar heat protection, smoke evacuation, performance of ventilating, but can not influence the heat-insulating property of tent.Because side window, skylight can be closed (when needing insulation) fully; Also can open (when needing smoke evacuation, ventilation) fully; Also can be according to the actual conditions needs, be opened to arbitrarily angledly, the weather of tent and adaptive capacity to environment have strengthened like this.Tent is made final side window, the skylight of determining and is enclosed than size, has determined the producer to provide great adjustable range for the tent occupants.
In addition, be mosquito-insect-proof, generally screen window need be set at the hole of window; The reticular density difference of screen window is bigger on the market, if according to the draught area ratio, generally 25～55% (laboratory sample is used the screen window draught area than about 40%).The screen window reticular density to side window enclose ratio, skylight enclose than influence be that when the screen window mesh of selecting for use rarer (draught area is bigger), side window encloses ratio, enclose than can suitably reducing in the skylight; Mesh closeer (draught area is smaller), side window enclose ratio, enclose than the suitable raising of palpus a bit in the skylight.For high height above sea level, the less nomadic area of mosquito, if window opening do not establish screen window, side window enclose ratio, skylight enclose than preferable range can multiply by correction factor about 0.70.
In addition, four kinds of skylight forms that Fig. 6～Figure 15 provides, there is evident difference in the effect of its smoke evacuation, heat extraction gas and ventilation, successively variation.If the effect in first kind of form is 100%, back three kinds of forms are about 90%, 75%, 60% successively.
The 3rd key point of the present utility model is to come the lining material and the color gamut of choose reasonable nomadic camp by scientific experiment.
In order to determine the lining material of nomadic camp, what at first carry out is the influence experiments of different lining materials to the tent heat-insulating property, and this experiment was carried out at night, and other conditions of tent are identical, had only lining material difference; In order to get rid of the influence of other factors, paulin encloses 4 in removing during experiment, the equal Close All in side window and skylight, experimental result as shown in figure 27, among the figure, abscissa is corresponding different constantly, ordinate is represented temperature.A wherein top curve is an outside air temperature; A middle curve is a lining when adopting the ventilative canvas of organic fluorine waterproof to make, the change curve of temperature in the tent; Below one be lining when adopting PVC single face coating to make, the change curve of temperature in the tent.As can be seen from this figure:
When 1) doing tent material with Organic fluoride, temperature is apparently higher than the tent of PVC single face coating in the tent;
2) compare with outside air temperature, most of moment of temperature is lower than outside air temperature in the paulin of the tent of two kinds of linings, " cold room effect phenomenon occurs.
3) further test result shows that the internal surface temperature of single face PVC lining tent is lower than Organic fluoride lining tent, and the low degree degree lower than temperature is more obvious, causes the creeping chill in single face PVC lining tent more remarkable.
Then carry out of the influence experiment of different lining materials to the tent thermal protective performance, this is tested other conditions and tests identical with the lining of unlike material to the influence of tent heat-insulating property, unique not being both by day carried out, experimental result as shown in figure 28, among the figure, abscissa is corresponding constantly different, and ordinate is represented temperature.Several curves are respectively with Organic fluoride, the interior temperature of tent and internal surface temperature, outside air temperature when single face PVC coated fabric is made lining.As can be seen from this figure:
When 1) making lining with Organic fluoride, temperature is starkly lower than the tent of PVC single face coating in the tent;
When 2) making lining with Organic fluoride, the tent internal surface temperature is starkly lower than the tent of PVC single face coating;
3) make the tent of lining with Organic fluoride, " greenhouse effect " are effectively weakened, and indoor air temperature and internal surface temperature are lower, and hot day is more nice and cool.
By above two experiments as can be seen, when tent structure, form, dimensional parameters and other material all identical, only the tent material material not simultaneously, there are evident difference in the heat-insulating property when cold and the thermal protective performance when daytime, solar radiation was strong at night for two kinds of tents.Further test finds that the main cause that causes above-mentioned phenomenon is the coefficient of thermal conductivity difference of two kinds of materials, and single face PVC coating cloth coefficient of thermal conductivity is about 0.068W/m ℃, and the coefficient of thermal conductivity of the ventilative canvas of organic fluorine waterproof is about 0.048W/m ℃; The tent contrast test of other lining material also confirms, selects the coefficient of thermal conductivity materials with smaller to make outer tent material, all is favourable to insulation, the thermal protective performance that improves tent.In view of the above, to adopt coefficient of thermal conductivity be that 0.042～0.055W/m ℃ Organic fluoride lining is as the tent material of nomadic camp to the utility model.
In order to determine the fabric color scope of nomadic camp, need carry out of the influence experiment of different fabric colors to the tent heat-insulating property, this experiment was carried out at night, and other conditions of tent are identical, had only the fabric color difference, in order to get rid of the influence of other factors, the equal Close All in side window and skylight during experiment, experimental result as shown in figure 29, among the figure, abscissa is corresponding constantly different, and ordinate is represented temperature.Interior temperature, the outside air temperature of tent when on behalf of the tent material color, several curves be pure white, canescence, Dark grey, blueness respectively.As can be seen from this figure:
1) color of tent material is shallow more, and the temperature in the tent is high more, and heat insulating ability is good more;
2) pure white is best, and blueness is the poorest in these several colors, and " cold room effect is the most obvious;
3) further test result shows that the internal surface temperature of light lining tent is higher than dark lining tent, and the high degree degree higher than temperature is more obvious, causes the warming sense in light lining tent more remarkable.
What carry out at last is the influence experiments of different fabric colors to the tent thermal protective performance, this is tested other conditions and tests identical with different colours to the influence of tent heat-insulating property, unique not being both by day carried out, experimental result as shown in figure 30, among the figure, abscissa is corresponding constantly different, and ordinate is represented temperature.Interior temperature, the outside air temperature of tent when on behalf of the tent material color, several curves be pure white, canescence, Dark grey, blueness respectively.
As can be seen from this figure: the color of tent material is shallow more, and the temperature in the tent is low more, and thermal insulation is good more; Pure white is best, and blueness is the poorest in these several colors.Test result shows that also the internal surface temperature of light lining tent is lower than dark lining tent, and the low degree degree lower than temperature is more obvious, and the cooling feeling in light lining tent is more remarkable.This shows that from insulation and the thermal protective performance angle of improving nomadic camp, the color of outer shell fabric orientation is consistent, should select thin shade.
Find that by further experiment test the main cause that causes above-mentioned phenomenon is that the lining of different colours is different with absorptivity for the reflectivity of radiated wave, the reflectivity height of light lining and absorptivity is low.On daytime, the solar radiation heat is radiated at the tent external surface, and light lining has been walked most of reflect heat, by lacking that lining absorbs, so temperature is all lower in tent inner surface and the paulin, that dark lining absorbs is many, lacking of reflecting away, so the interior temperature of tent inner surface and paulin is all higher; At night, the sky cold emission is radiated at the tent external surface, and light lining has reflected away most of cold, and by lacking that tent absorbs, temperature is higher in the paulin, and that dark lining absorbs is many, lacking of reflecting away, and the interior temperature of paulin is lower.
Can draw in view of the above, the fabric color of nomadic camp preferentially adopts pure white or light gray-white; Tent material should often carry out self-cleaning, antifouling, look firm processing, in order to avoid in use grey dirt deepens fabric color; The stained area of the dark pattern of the dark ornamental vitta (piece) of the outer design of tent and the national characters of printing should be controlled at whole tent external surface area 20% in, in order to avoid insulation, the thermal protective performance of tent caused tangible adverse effect.
The above fabric color that encloses meter optimization parameter, lining material heat conductivility scope and preferentially select according to science test and the paulin of researching and proposing, be the optimization that the ventilation, heat extraction, smoke evacuation, insulation from tent, technical indicator angle such as heat insulation are carried out, and nomadic camp also need be taken all factors into consideration ability to shoulder economically, national custom of herdsman etc., in fact by Technological Economy relatively, can not exclusively be confined to above-mentioned scope.
The utility model is primarily aimed at the employed nomadic camp of herdsman on the grassland, but is not limited to nomadic camp, also can be applicable to the tent of other field, in this not narration one by one.
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