CN201238453Y - Pneumatic type precision seeder - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a pneumatic type precise disseminator which comprises a stand, a vibrational flow seed supply mechanism, a vibrating impurity screening and removing mechanism, a roller absorption and seed charge mechanism and a pneumatic drive mechanism, wherein, the vibrational flow seed supply mechanism is arranged at the rear top of the stand and is used for evenly supplying seeds, the vibrating impurity screening and removing mechanism is arranged in the middle top of the stand and is used for screening and removing impurity, the roller absorption and seed charge mechanism is arranged at the front top of the stand, and the pneumatic drive mechanism is respectively connected with the vibrational flow seed supply mechanism, the vibrating impurity screening and removing mechanism and the roller absorption and seed charge mechanism. The precise disseminator is suitable for accurate sprout cultivation and sowing of paddy seeds, adopts a method of vibration self-flow to effectively separate the seeds from the colony, and realizes the technologies such as screen separation, impurity removal, filling, seed charge, seed transportation, scraping seed plate for cleaning seeds, brush borehole cleaning, and the like.

Description

A kind of Pneumatic precision seeder

Technical field

The utility model relates to agricultural seeder machinery, particularly a kind of super hybridization rice Pneumatic precision seeder.

Background technology

The super hybridization rice seedling is compared with traditional raising rice seedlings, seedling in earthen bowl dish or the seedling of blanket shape seedling are the precise sowing seedling by the defective ejaculation amount sowing lifting of 2～5 original/cave (sampling area), i.e. 1～2 strain/cave (sampling area), this just requires seedling planting will adopt the precise sowing mode.In addition, raising rice seedlings is normally sowed behind seed sprouting, and this has further increased the difficulty of sowing, except that to guarantee to sow a number accurately, also to reduce seed as far as possible and in the sowing process, damage, emerge, so just can make institute's seedling raising meet the requirement of the machine transplanting of rice or machine throwing with assurance.

Abroad, precise seeder mainly adopts pneumatic type (air-sweeping type or air-sucking type), have only a spot of corn Precision Seeding to adopt and refer to press from both sides the mechanical type seeding unit, the chief crop of Precision Seeding has intertillage crop such as corn, soybean, sunflower, beet, adopts accurate drilling technology for crops such as paddy rice, wheats always.European and American countries has multiple seedling planting production line at present, and function is complete, automaticity is higher, as BlackmoreSystem, Marksman, Speedling Systerm type etc.But they are mainly used in the greenhouse rice nursery sowing of plants such as vegetables, flowers, and equipment generally adopts the suction spindle formula, and does not wait in 1～5 in every cave, and operation quality is better, but the cost height, productivity ratio is lower.From the seventies in 20th century, Japan has just begun industrial sprout cultivation, is not only developing more complete type aspect vegetables, the flowers, and develops a whole set of raising rice seedlings production line.As Co., Ltd. such as Jing Guan, Kubo field, day clear, Mitsubishis own seedling planting device is arranged all, its exquisite workmanship, automaticity height, but cost an arm and a leg, and these production line majorities are at common rice seedling, can realize that the defective ejaculation amount in 2～5/cave is sowed.The principle of the sowing parts that they adopt mainly contains mechanical type (sheave and nest eye) and pneumatic type (suction spindle, sucker and cylinder).The seedling-cultivation technique level of Korea S is approaching with Japan, but is used for vegetables and the economic crops seedling-cultivation technique is more.Up to the present, the external practicability achievement of not seeing as yet the industrial sprout cultivation technology of super hybridization rice.

China just began one's study and promotes the precise sowing technology from early 1970s, and the precision seeder kind is a lot, mainly concentrates on corn, the Soybean and Other Crops intertillage crop, and the precise sowing that is used for paddy rice, wheat and band bud crop thereof seldom.Domestic since 80 years 20th century mechanization seedling equipment being developed, the early stage main mechanical type seeding method that adopts, research unit has China Agricultural University, Agricultural University Of South China, Heilongjiang Province's agricultural engineering research institute, Shengzhou city farm machinery management master station, Heilongjiang Province engineering institute of the land-reclaimable academy of sciences, No.291 Machinery Plant, Heilongjiang Prov. and Lingchuan County agricultural machinery technology centre for spreading etc. how tame.The technology of finishing mainly contains: an operation such as the conveying of seedling dish, shop fixtures soil, sowing, earthing and watering.Owing to adopt the mechanical type seeding method, mainly contain that grooved pulley type, nest eye are wheeled etc., simple in structure, cost is low, but seeding method belongs to and broadcasts sowing or drilling, sowing quantity is big, and seeding uniformity is poor, and seed is had damage, so only be applicable to the seeding and seedling raising of common rice.Sowing production line from unit development oscillatory type principle such as Agricultural University Of South China, the Guangxi University nineties is greatly improved to seeding quality, and the characteristics of the method are injuring-free seeds, adapt to different rice varieties, but the seed number per inequality belongs to the sowing of defective ejaculation amount.Whole streamline can implement to broadcast soil, sowing, earthing and shower water operation continuously, but only can satisfy the amount of the broadcasting requirement of common rice needs, promptly during 3～5/cave, qualification rate〉85%, can't satisfy the requirement of super hybridization rice precise sowing, but as can be seen, this is a kind of extremely promising mode of production for the seedling of rice hole plate formula, and only needing needs to be greatly improved on seeding accuracy.From the later stage nineties, development along with the potted-seedling transplanting technology, the rice bowl seedling growing process has had bigger development, many families such as China Agricultural University, Beihai, Guangxi agricultural research, Jilin University, Agricultural University Of South China, Jiangsu University, Shandong Technology Univ, Nanjing agricultural research institute of the Ministry of Agriculture, military supplies university of PLA seedling in earthen bowl seedling machine that begins one's study.Research concentrates on the pneumatic type seeding method, and based on air-sucking type, the air-sucking type seeding method has 3 kinds of suction spindle formula, sucked type and drum-types again.1. suction spindle formula principle: this principle since the restriction of sowing principle be used for rice bowl and grow seedlings less.Suction spindle normally adopts reciprocating realization sowing, and it is lower to sow frequency, although can improve the sowing frequencies by reciprocating motions double, many rows, and complex structure, price height, the efficient raising is not remarkable, usually productivity ratio＜200 dish/h (double reciprocal).Simultaneously, because pin type is suitable for the small-sized seed Precision Seeding, broadcast relatively difficulty of rice paddy seed, so this principle is mainly used in flowers and grow seedlings of vegetable sowing.2. sucked type principle: the scholar that this principle is studied at home is many, and the form in hole, sucker cave, size, suction hole number and aperture are also various.The advantage of sucked type seeding unit is seed seeding accurate positioning when launching on disc type, is fit to the accurate location of super hybridization rice.But sucked type seeding unit production efficiency is lower, and about productivity ratio＜300 dish/h (double reciprocal), its internal pressure distributing homogeneity, flowing field stability also have problems in addition usually.3. pneumatic drum type principle: pneumatic drum-type sowing principle can realize continuous sowing, it is good both to have had seeding accuracy, the characteristics that productivity ratio is high have advantages such as synchronous with the maintenance of main flow waterline, that running is steady, the interior gas flowfield of tube is stablized, vacuum is low, air consumption is little again.But also existence wound is planted problems such as many, clear kind is not thorough, the easy obstruction in suction hole in the equipment of the drum-type alms bowl plate seedling raising of developing at present.

Existing air-suction seeding unit has multiple, mainly is single-deck formula, drum-type and flat principle; The aspiration two-layer cylinder formula rice seeder of the serial air-suction type accurate sower that multiple agricultural machinery factory, Zhoucheng, domestic Liaoning produces, the combined sucker air-suction seeding unit of Xibei Univ. of Agricultural ﹠ Forest Science ﹠ Technology's development, the development of Guangxi Beihai City Agricultural Mechanization Inst., the combined sucker formula wheat precision seeder of China Agricultural University's development etc., lack broadcasting the test of super hybridization rice, the sowing performance is undesirable.Also be not suitable at present the report of super hybridization rice precise sowing, do not see yet adopt the vibration current method with seed separation from colony, screening, removal of impurities, filling and with the report of pneumatic cylinder combination carrying out precise sowing, be badly in need of a kind of novel super hybridization rice precision seeder of development.

The utility model content

At the shortcoming of prior art, the purpose of this utility model provides a kind of Pneumatic precision seeder that is applicable to the accurate seedling planting of rice paddy seed.

For achieving the above object, the technical solution of the utility model is: a kind of Pneumatic precision seeder, comprise frame, be located at frame rear portion, top and be used for evenly mobile for kind of a mechanism for the vibration of planting, be located at the frame upper center and be used to sieve the vibrosieve removal of impurities mechanism of removal of impurities, be located at the frame upper front part and cylinder is inhaled the mechanism of charging seed, and flow for kind of a mechanism with vibration respectively, vibrosieve removal of impurities mechanism, cylinder is inhaled the pneumatic drive mechanism that the mechanism of charging seed connects, it is characterized in that: this vibration is flowed and is comprised kind of a case vibrator for kind of a mechanism, plant case, exit plate, the outlet regulating plate, lead kind of a plate adjuster, and lead kind of a plate, planting the case vibrator is connected with pneumatic drive mechanism, this outlet regulating plate forms an inlet that is connected with the kind case with an end of leading kind of plate adjuster, the other end forms an outlet that is connected with vibrosieve removal of impurities mechanism with exit plate, this vibrosieve removal of impurities mechanism comprises the screening deck vibrator that is connected with pneumatic drive mechanism, the vibrator support that is connected with the screening deck vibrator, the vibration leaf spring that is connected with the vibrator support, with the screening plate that the vibration leaf spring is connected, the screening plate is inhaled the mechanism of charging seed by a filling area and cylinder and is connected.

This is led kind of a plate and is notch cuttype and arranged crosswise in the outlet regulating plate and lead between kind of the plate adjuster; The surface of this screening plate offers and is the narrow hole of length that alternating expression distributes, and screening plate and horizontal plane angle are adjusted by screening plate adjustable plate; This filling area is that half groove structure and the cylinder of being located at the screening prelaminar part are inhaled the zone of charging seed and constituting between the mechanism.

This cylinder is inhaled the mechanism of charging seed and is comprised cylinder, is located in the cylinder and the plemum that is connected with pneumatic drive mechanism, is located in the cylinder and the negative pressure chamber that is connected with pumped vacuum systems, is located at combined sucker on the cylinder, is located at the grain conductor below the cylinder, when the combined sucker on the cylinder forwards the filling area to, negative pressure chamber is by the combined sucker absorbed seed, when the combined sucker on the cylinder forwarded grain conductor to, plemum was launched seed by combined sucker.

This plemum is provided with spring guide pillar, be located at the linear bearing of spring guide pillar both sides, be located at the linear bearing outside the plemum spring, be located at the sealing device at plemum two ends.

The below of this cylinder also is provided with removes the seed do not launched in the combined sucker or the seeds scraper of impurity, and the outside of this cylinder also is provided with the clear hole brush of impurity in the cleaning combined sucker.

This pneumatic drive mechanism comprises air compressor and pressure regulator valve.

Compared with prior art, in the utility model, adopt vibration gravity flow method that seed is separated from colony effectively, and realize seed screening, removal of impurities, filling, charge seed, defeated kind, and technology such as seeds scraper is planted clearly, the clear hole of hairbrush, its Pneumatic precision seeder not only is specially adapted to the accurate seedling planting of super hybridization rice seed, also is applicable to conventional rice, wheat, flowers, vegetables, and the precise sowing of seed with sprout.Hole count and the aperture of changing the combined sucker of cylinder change cylinder outer wall can change seeding quantity and adapt to Different Crop.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the utility model Pneumatic precision seeder;

Fig. 2 inhales the cutaway view of the mechanism of charging seed for the utility model cylinder;

Fig. 3 inhales the sectional side view of the mechanism of charging seed for the utility model cylinder;

Fig. 4 is the cutaway view of the combined sucker on the cylinder.

Embodiment

The utility model is described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, a kind of Pneumatic precision seeder, it comprises frame 36, be located at frame rear portion, 36 top and be used for evenly mobile for kind of a mechanism by kind of box bracket 1 for the vibration of planting, be located at frame 36 upper center and be used to sieve the vibrosieve removal of impurities mechanism of removal of impurities by sieve plate support 9, be located at the frame upper front part and cylinder is inhaled the mechanism of charging seed by rolling stand 25, and inhale the pneumatic drive mechanism that the mechanism of charging seed is connected with vibration is mobile for kind of a mechanism, vibrosieve removal of impurities mechanism, cylinder respectively.In the present embodiment, frame 36 is tower structures, and pneumatic drive mechanism comprises air compressor 15 and pressure regulator valve 33,34,35.

This vibration is flowed and is comprised kind of a case vibrator 6, plants case 7, reaches kind of the mechanism that leads with the even water conservancy diversion of seed for kind of mechanism, this is led kind of mechanism one end and is connected with kind of case vibrator 6 and kind case 7 respectively, the other end is connected with vibrosieve removal of impurities mechanism, plants case vibrator 6 and is connected with pneumatic drive mechanism.In the present embodiment, planting case vibrator 6 is Pneumatic vibrators, and links to each other with air compressor 15 with pressure regulator valve 35 by tracheae, regulates stream pressure size change vibration frequency and amplitude that pressure regulator valve 35 can change kind of case vibrator 6.

This is led kind of a mechanism and comprises exit plate 2, outlet regulating plate 3, leads kind of plate adjuster 4 and lead kind of plate 5, this outlet regulating plate 3 forms an inlet that is connected with kind case 7 with an end of leading kind of plate adjuster 4, the other end and exit plate 2 forms an outlet that is connected with vibrosieve removal of impurities mechanism, and this is led kind of plate 5 and is notch cuttype and arranged crosswise in outlet regulating plate 3 and lead between kind of the plate adjuster 4.Each angle of leading between kind of plate 5 and horizontal plane can be regulated by leading kind of plate adjuster 4, and at 15 °～25 °, the opening length of regulating outlet adjustable plate 3 can change exit plate 2 openings of sizes.

This vibrosieve removal of impurities mechanism comprise the screening deck vibrator 12 that is connected with pneumatic drive mechanism, the vibrator support 11 that is connected with screening deck vibrator 12, the vibration leaf spring 10 that is connected with vibrator support 11, with vibrate the screening plate 13 that leaf spring 10 is connected, sieve plate 13 and be connected by a filling area 14 and the cylinder suction mechanism of charging seed.The surface of this screening plate 13 offers and is the narrow hole of length that alternating expression distributes, and screening plate 13 is adjusted by screening plate adjustable plate 8 with horizontal plane angle.The zone of charging seed and constituting between the mechanism is inhaled for half groove structure and the cylinder of being located at screening plate 13 front portions in this filling area 14.

Wherein, screening deck vibrator 12 is Pneumatic vibrators, and link to each other with air compressor 15 by tracheae and pressure regulator valve 34 and to produce vibration, seed in the filling area 14 is in quick condition under the vibration effect, regulating pressure regulator valve 34 can change the stream pressure size of screening deck vibrator 12 and then change vibration frequency and amplitude, screening plate 13 is 4 °～10 ° with horizontal plane angle, and its angle changes and can adjust by screening plate adjustable plate 8.

Extremely shown in Figure 5 as Fig. 3, this cylinder is inhaled the mechanism of charging seed and is comprised cylinder 20, is located in the cylinder 20 and the plemum 27 that is connected with pneumatic drive mechanism, is located at the interior and negative pressure chamber 29 that is connected with pumped vacuum systems of cylinder 20, is located at combined sucker 28 on the cylinder 20, is located at the grain conductor 30 of cylinder 20 belows, when the combined sucker on the cylinder 20 28 forwards filling area 14 to, negative pressure chamber 29 is by combined sucker 28 absorbed seeds, when the combined sucker on the cylinder 20 28 forwarded grain conductor 30 to, plemum 27 was launched seed by combined sucker 28.This pumped vacuum systems comprises vacuum blower 16 and pressure regulator valve 32, this negative pressure chamber 29 links to each other with the air inlet of vacuum blower 16 by negative pressure tracheae, pressure regulator valve 32, this plemum 27 links to each other with air compressor 15 with pressure regulator valve 33 by malleation tracheae 18, this cylinder 20 is realized rotating by the rotating shaft 19 of being located at the center, gear 24 and the drive motors of being located in the rotating shaft 19 thereof, in the present embodiment, this rotating shaft 19 is a hollow shaft, make malleation tracheae 18 and negative pressure tracheae to insert and be through in the rotating shaft 19, and stretch out by the two ends of rotating shaft 19 respectively.

This plemum 27 is provided with spring guide pillar 23, be located at the linear bearing 22 of spring guide pillar 23 both sides, be located at linear bearing 22 outsides plemum spring 21, be located at the sealing device 26 at plemum 27 two ends.Sealing device 26 relies on linear bearing 22 to move up and down along the direction of spring guide pillar 23 under the effect of two groups of plemum springs 21, keeps the sealing device 26 and the inwall of cylinder 20 to be close to sealing, guarantees that negative pressure chamber 29 and plemum 27 are spaced from each other.

The below of this cylinder 20 also is provided with removes the seed do not launched in the combined sucker 28 or the seeds scraper 31 of impurity, and the outside of this cylinder 20 also is provided with the clear hole brush 17 of impurity in the cleaning combined sucker.

Wherein, cylinder 20 rotates and hollow shaft 19, negative pressure chamber 29 and plemum 27 are motionless, sealing device 26 is under the effect of two groups of plemum springs 21, rely on linear bearing 22 to move up and down along the direction of spring guide pillar 23, keep being close to sealing with the inwall of cylinder 20, guarantee that negative pressure chamber 29 and plemum 27 are spaced from each other, combined sucker 28 on the cylinder outer wall rotates with cylinder 20, pull of vacuum is adsorbed on seed on the combined sucker 28 when filling area 14, and cylinder 20 forwards the below to when charging seed, and seed enters plemum 27, the negative pressure source of the gas is cut off, the malleation source of the gas is switched on, and seed is launched through grain conductor 30 under deadweight and pneumatic action, and seeds scraper 31 is removed and inhaled seed or the impurity of not launching in the hole, the hole is inhaled in brush 17 cleanings of clear hole, the bristle of planting brush is a finer wire, and its good springiness, diameter are 0.1～0.2mm.

When Pneumatic precision seeder is worked, start screening deck vibrator 12 earlier and make 13 vibrations of screening plate, take exit plate 2 vibrations that are placed on the screening plate 13, the seed that drives in kind of the case flows on the screening plate 13 equably, the big I of regulating kind of stream pressure of case vibrator 6 pressure regulator valves 35 and exit plate 2 openings changes for kind of an amount, drop on the seed of screening on the plate 13 through vibrosieve, enter filling area 14 after the removal of impurities, seed in the filling area is in quick condition because of vibration, keep stowage capacity, the big I of the stream pressure of adjusting screening deck vibrator 12 pressure regulator valves 34 and screening plate adjustable plate 8 angles changes the interior kind layer thickness of filling bed; When cylinder 20 rotates, pull of vacuum in the cylinder forms negative pressure chamber 29, combined sucker 28 on it is during through filling area 14, inhaling hole 28 just becomes gas channel and produces suction, the seed number that requires is adsorbed on the hole 28, regulate pressure regulator valve 32 and can change negative pressure chamber's pressure, cylinder 20 forwards the below to when charging seed, seed enters plemum 27, the malleation source of the gas is switched on, seed is launched through grain conductor 30 under the effect of gravity and malleation air-flow, regulate pressure regulator valve 33 and can change plemum pressure, seeds scraper 31 is removed and is inhaled seed or the impurity of not launching in the hole subsequently, brushes 17 cleaning suction holes by clear hole at last and keeps its cleaning, and the hole count of changing cylinder change combined sucker can change seeding quantity and adapt to different works with the aperture.

Claims (8)

1, a kind of Pneumatic precision seeder, comprise frame (36), be located at frame rear portion, top and be used for evenly mobile for kind of a mechanism for the vibration of planting, be located at the frame upper center and be used to sieve the vibrosieve removal of impurities mechanism of removal of impurities, be located at the frame upper front part and cylinder is inhaled the mechanism of charging seed, and flow for kind of a mechanism with vibration respectively, vibrosieve removal of impurities mechanism, cylinder is inhaled the pneumatic drive mechanism that the mechanism of charging seed connects, it is characterized in that: this vibration is flowed and is comprised kind of a case vibrator (6) for kind of a mechanism, plant case (7), exit plate (2), outlet regulating plate (3), lead kind of a plate adjuster (4), and lead kind of a plate (5), planting case vibrator (6) is connected with pneumatic drive mechanism, this outlet regulating plate (3) forms an inlet that is connected with kind case (7) with an end of leading kind of plate adjuster (4), the other end forms an outlet that is connected with vibrosieve removal of impurities mechanism with exit plate (2), this vibrosieve removal of impurities mechanism comprises the screening deck vibrator (12) that is connected with pneumatic drive mechanism, the vibrator support (11) that is connected with screening deck vibrator (12), the vibration leaf spring (10) that is connected with vibrator support (11), the screening plate (13) that is connected with vibration leaf spring (10), screening plate (13) are inhaled the mechanism of charging seed by a filling area (14) and cylinder and are connected.

2, Pneumatic precision seeder according to claim 1 is characterized in that: this is led kind of a plate (5) and is notch cuttype and arranged crosswise in outlet regulating plate (3) and lead between kind of the plate adjuster (4).

3, Pneumatic precision seeder according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the surface of this screening plate (13) offers and is the narrow hole of length that alternating expression distributes, and screening plate (13) is adjusted by screening plate adjustable plate (8) with horizontal plane angle.

4, Pneumatic precision seeder according to claim 3 is characterized in that: this filling area (14) inhale the zone of charging seed and constituting between the mechanism for being located at half anterior groove structure of screening plate (13) and cylinder.

5, Pneumatic precision seeder according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: this cylinder is inhaled the mechanism of charging seed and is comprised cylinder (20), be located in the cylinder (20) and the plemum (27) that is connected with pneumatic drive mechanism, be located in the cylinder (20) and the negative pressure chamber (29) that is connected with pumped vacuum systems, be located at the combined sucker (28) on the cylinder (20), be located at the grain conductor (30) of cylinder (20) below, when the combined sucker (28) on the cylinder (20) forwards filling area (14) to, negative pressure chamber (29) is by combined sucker (28) absorbed seed, when the combined sucker (28) on the cylinder (20) forwarded grain conductor (30) to, plemum (27) was launched seed by combined sucker (28).

6, Pneumatic precision seeder according to claim 5 is characterized in that: this plemum is provided with spring guide pillar (23), be located at the linear bearing (22) of spring guide pillar (23) both sides, be located at linear bearing (22) outside plemum spring (21), be located at the sealing device (26) at plemum two ends.

7, Pneumatic precision seeder according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: the below of this cylinder also is provided with removes the seed do not launched in the combined sucker or the seeds scraper (31) of impurity, and the outside of this cylinder also is provided with the clear hole brush (17) of impurity in the cleaning combined sucker.

8, according to each described Pneumatic precision seeder of claim 1 to 7, it is characterized in that: this pneumatic drive mechanism is an air compressor, and it is connected with pressure regulator valve (33), (34), (35) respectively.

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