A kind of Nut cracker
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of shell hulling machine, the particularly machinery that dry fruits such as Chinese chestnut, oil tea, walnut are shelled.
Background technology
Hulling machine is the device that dry fruits such as Chinese chestnut, oil tea, walnut remove the decapsidate indispensability, but general Nut cracker all is the special equipment at a kind of characteristics design of dry fruit, it is then not ideal to be used to take off other dry fruit effect, the facility utilization rate is not high, can not satisfy the needs that multiple dry fruit was planted and processed in a family peasant household.Existing " Chinese chestnut thorn shell hulling machine ", " variable pitch type Chinese chestnut tremble luxuriant husking machine " etc. all can be used for Chinese chestnut shelling, but can not be used for the shelling of oil tea, walnut.By retrieval, we also find following some open source literatures that remove dry fruit shell machinery:
1, Chinese patent: application number: 200420044333.6, title: a kind of nut cracker, open (bulletin) number: CN2686343 applies for (patent right) people: Liu Qingsheng; Yuan Qiaoxia; Zhu Lixue; Liu Shaoda, the address: No. 24, DongSha Street, Haizhu District, GuangZhou City, GuangDong Province, summary: a kind of kernel is not fragile in the shelling process, and shelling back kernel and the segregative nut cracker of broken shell.It comprises feeding mechanism, broken shell mechanism and separating mechanism, described broken shell mechanism comprises roll, adjustable squeezing straight board and housing, described adjustable squeezing straight board is installed on housing, and described roll and adjustable squeezing straight board form squeezing passage, and described housing has a discharging opening below squeezing passage.Compared to prior art, the utility model employing roll and adjustable squeezing straight board push and broken shell nut, make that the kernel after the shelling is not fragile, and kernel is easy to separate with one in the difficult sticking work of broken shell.
2, Chinese patent: application number: 200420018783.8, title: wind-suction type nut cracker, open (bulletin) number: CN2688074 applies for (patent right) people: Liu Binfan, the address: No. 134, Ha Ping Road, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province city, make a summary: a kind of wind-suction type nut cracker.Be provided with hulling device at position, frame upper end, be equipped with a pair of sand system roll in the shelling cavity in it, there is lower feed box shelling cavity top, the below is provided with the pendulous device of being made up of motor, connecting rod and moves forward and backward with the control distribution box, there is the material receiver that is connected with airduct below, distribution box front end position, the airduct end is formed discharger by swash plate and arcuation baffle plate, is connected to discharge bucket under its swash plate.This apparatus structure is simple, reasonable in design, shell-breaking efficiency is high, and easy damaged nut kernel, kernel percent height are not time saving and energy saving, improves the kernel hygienic quality.
3, Chinese patent: application number: 200620098632.7, title: drum-type Chinese chestnut decorticator, open (bulletin) number: CN200947797, application (patent right) people: Hua Zhong Agriculture University, address: special No. 1 of Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, summary: the utility model is a kind of drum-type Chinese chestnut decorticator, form the combined type design of adopting designated port, extruding, shell benevolence to separate by support assembly, cleaning fan assembly, hulling drum assembly, overload-release clutch assembly, vibration sorting screen assembly, motor etc.; The shelling rasp bar adopts the fixing crush injury that can reduce chestnut kernel of rubber damping pad, shelling rasp bar burr position has broken shell point sword to carry out designated port and extruding to the Chinese chestnut shell, these facility have good, the kernel serviceability rate height of shelling quality, the first separation of shell benevolence and the high characteristics of operating efficiency, can satisfy the processing request of Chinese chestnut shelling operation, also can be used as the device of other nuts or big seed agricultural product shelling.
4, Chinese patent: application number: 97225390.4 titles: nut cracker, application (patent right) people: Qiaopai Industry Co Ltd, Jinzhou, address: No.15 Nanzhuangli, Lingxi Avenue, Taihe District, Jinzhou City, Liaoning Province, summary: a kind of nut cracker, it has a support, frame is housed on the support, motor is housed on the frame, compression roller is housed on frame, be connected with transmission device between motor and the compression roller, described compression roller has some right, and every pair of compression roller of correspondence has a pan feeding passage on frame, vibrating device also is housed on frame, be connected with resilient supporting unit between frame and the support, advantage is, the hybrid state when having changed pan feeding, material is orderly entering in the compression roller in the pan feeding passage, to pine nut, this class nut of almond and fibert, the broken shell effect is better, has significantly improved shell-breaking rate, and reduced the percentage of damage of kernel, improved the credit rating of kernel.
5, Chinese patent: application number: 97221288.4, title: rotary extrusion type nut cracker, open (bulletin) number: CN2308260, application (patent right) people: Qiaopai Industry Co Ltd, Jinzhou, address: No.15 Nanzhuangli, Lingxi Avenue, Taihe District, Jinzhou City, Liaoning Province, summary: a kind of rotary extrusion type nut cracker, it has a body, loader is housed on body, motor is housed in body, the squeegee roller that has raised points on the profile is being housed on the motor, the extruding circle that matches with squeegee roller is housed below loader, form unequal gap between squeegee roller and the extruding circle, when squeegee roller rotated at a high speed, this gap will constantly change, shell is opened in the material extruding that falls into the gap, advantage is, the shell-breaking rate height, and one time shell-breaking rate can reach 58%, simultaneously, also solved the broken problem of kernel, rate of perfect kernel has significantly improved the credit rating of kernel up to 98%.
6, development [author] Liu Binfan of the multi-functional nut cracker of [autograph] wind-suction type war court of a feudal ruler Wen Wanghuai space [mechanism] Inst. of Wood Cutting and Transportation, Heilongjiang Prov., [periodical name] Forest Engineering .2005,21 (2) .-10-12[digests] set forth and carried out purpose and the significance that nut cracker is developed, the present situation of China's nut cracker research and the problem of existence have been introduced, structure, operation principle and the key technical indexes of the multi-functional nut cracker of wind-suction type have been discussed, for relevant scientific research, engineers and technicians and the reference of kernel manufacturing enterprise.
7, [autograph] nut shelling effect engineering institute of discussion [author] Yuan Qiaoxia [mechanism] Hua Zhong Agriculture University [periodical name] the grain and oil processing and food machinery .2001 (12) .-48-49[digest of improving one's methods] analyzed the various methods of improving nut shelling effect, and the combination test draws: by nut surface grooving is handled, can improve shelling effect to the bigger nut of fruits such as walnut, but be not suitable for gingko, pyrenes such as almond; And adopt freezing and dry preliminary treatment, especially drying to handle, then more can improve the shelling effect of nut significantly.
The Nut cracker of above-mentioned open source literature report has been narrated the single special equipment of the characteristics design of pine nut, fibert, walnut, Chinese chestnut etc., but can not have both general.Some Nut cracker costs an arm and a leg, and is not suitable for planting the purchase at family.Current, the cultivated area of various nuts constantly enlarges, and output increases year by year, suppresses one of bottleneck of its development but be processed into, and is badly in need of carrying out the exploitation of hulling device.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiency of existing hulling machine, the purpose of this utility model be propose a kind of can compatible Chinese chestnut (thorn shell), the hulling machine product of oil tea (pericarp), walnut (pericarp) shelling processing, realize a tractor serves several purposes, can improve the utilization rate of facility and the acquisition expenses of minimizing peasant household facility.
The utility model solves the technical scheme that this type of hulling machine compatibling problem adopted: adopt a kind of hulling machine of removing the dry fruit shell with screw conveyor shaft and gradual change apart from arcuate fences formula shelling plate coextruded structure, design the helical axis of shelling such as the variety classes dry fruit that is applicable to Chinese chestnut, oil tea, walnut, design respectively again three kinds can with the shelling plate of this helical axis coupling, promptly the sabot body of an equipment is made up of a helical axis and a cover shelling plate, and the dry fruit of different shelling plate processing different cultivars is installed.
Structure of the present utility model comprises: feed hopper, drive unit, sabot body, frame and discharge bucket etc.Sabot body is made up of with the shelling parts that design according to different dry fruit diameters helical axis, described shelling parts are that gradual change is apart from arcuate fences formula shelling plate, be installed on the orientable fixed mount, feed hopper is installed in the top of sabot body, the below of sabot body is provided with the discharge bucket that pericarp separates with kernel (seed), dry fruit or nut directly enter helical axis after entering feed hopper, being transported to helical axis and gradual change shells apart from the sabot body that arc shelling plate constitutes, pericarp after the shelling and kernel (seed) mixture falls into discharge bucket, realizes effective separation of pericarp and kernel (seed).
Above-described drive unit adopts motor or diesel engine as power, and power output shaft is connected with gear or belt pulley, perhaps is delivered to sabot body by shaft coupling, gear or belt.
Above-described helical axis is the large-diameter hollow axle, and its pitch of the spiral on the axle equates, also can be unequal, forms spiral with the equidistant boxing of small round steel on axle, and also available other material and technology are made.
It is board-like apart from arcuate fences that above-described shelling plate is made into gradual change, the working face of shelling plate and the distance of helical axis are gradual changes from working front edge to a terminal part, and from large to small, a part is constant, ultimate range is the maximum gauge of maximum fruit, and minimum range is the diameter of maximum seed.
Distance between rack stake two bars on the above-described shelling plate also is the diameter of maximum seed.The distance of monoblock shelling plate and helical axis can be regulated according to varying in size of every batch of fruit.According to the size of fruit such as Chinese chestnut, oil tea, walnut and seed, the different gradual change of design one cover is apart from arcuate fences formula shelling plate, exchanges to be installed on the orientable fixed mount, can carry out the shelling processing of Chinese chestnut, oil tea, walnut respectively.The user can select to buy different shelling plates according to the kind of oneself planting.
The utility model has the advantages that:
1, present, with the hulling machine that is used for Chinese chestnut shelling of the utility model structural similarity, its critical piece also is rotating shaft and fence type shelling plate, but the structure of rotating shaft, the arc shape of fence type shelling plate, the shelling plate is all different with the utility model with the displacement mode of rotating shaft.The utility model adopts the major diameter helical axis as extruding (also for carrying) roller, and processing capacity is big in the unit interval, can significantly improve the operating efficiency of loom, per hour can process dry fruit 800kg to 1600kg for every.
2, the pitch of helical axis is reasonable in design, the depth of thread and peel thickness adapt, add that the shelling plate adopts gradual change apart from the arcuate fences plank frame, make the material turnover smooth and easy, the existing stifled phenomenon of the timely card of fruit in the hulling machine cavity that shells of failing of present similar hulling machine can not occur.Seed serviceability rate 92% behind dry fruit broken shell, the husking yield 90%, single variety shelling, the comprehensive serviceability rate 90% of seed after each kind shelling, dry fruit be whether fresh can both the shelling no matter, and do not need classification, a charging, big fruit, fruitlet can both shell.
3, the utility model can adopt miniature motor to drive, and in man of peasant household or processing factory's processing dry fruit, also available Diesel Driven is at rural area, mountain area mobile operating.Implement structure is simple, operates simple and easyly, and cost is low, and installation and maintenance are convenient, and maintenance cost is low, and processing factory or vast rural area and remote mountain areas peasant household all are suitable for.
After hulling machine was equipped with a few cover shelling plates respectively, the shelling parts just can fully satisfy the needs of Chinese chestnut, oil tea, walnut processing, make the shelling of the compatible several dry fruits of shelling function, and dry fruit did not need classification.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of this hulling machine;
Fig. 2 is the shelling plate of this hulling machine and the spacing and the structural representation of helical axis;
Fig. 3 be this hulling machine front end (feed end) shelling plate end face structure and with the change procedure schematic diagram of the distance of helical axis;
Fig. 4 be this hulling machine end-of-job end (end) shelling plate end face structure and with the change procedure schematic diagram of the distance of helical axis;
The specific embodiment
The CONSTRUCTED SPECIFICATION of the utility model embodiment below is described in detail in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings:
As shown in Figure 1, this machine is made up of drive motors 1, transmission mechanism 2, feed hopper 3, cover 4, shelling plate 5, helical axis 6, bearing box 7, discharge bucket 8, frame 9 etc.The course of work of this machine is as follows: helical axis 6 is bearing on the frame 9 by bearing box 7, by transmission mechanism 2 driven rotary of drive motors 1 by forming by large and small belt wheel and bead apex, shelling plate 5 is fixed on the frame 9, after dry fruit is entered by feed hopper 3, under the acting in conjunction of helical axis 6 and shelling plate 5, dry fruit is subjected to squeezing in the process of transporting and rubs with the hands, and the pericarp of dry fruit splits, and seed is deviate from.Pericarp and kind benevolence (seed) all drop from the rack stake seam of shelling plate, enter in the discharge bucket 8 that can carry out kernel (seed) separation.Because to narrow, therefore, the descending shelling at the volley of dry fruit does not need classification to the distance between shelling plate 5 and the helical axis 6 by wide.
The shelling parts of this machine are shelling plate and helical axis, and the workplace of its structure and two parts is apart from as shown in Figure 2: shelling plate 5 is determined by the structure and the mounting distance of shelling plate with the size of the distance of helical axis 6.Its distance is variable generally, is the diameter of maximum fruit becomes maximum seed to end diameter from the ultimate range of feed end.
The end face structure of shelling plate 5 and see Fig. 3, Fig. 4 with the change procedure of the distance of helical axis 6.
Fig. 3 be this hulling machine front end (feed end) shelling plate 5 end face structure and with the change procedure schematic diagram of the distance of helical axis 6, the inboard cambered surface AD of the end face of shelling plate 5 is by straight section AB, 0
1Be the center of circle, R
1For the circular arc BC of radius, 0 are the center of circle, R
2Circular arc C D composition for radius.0 also is the central point of helical axis 6, and CD section circular arc angle is α.
Fig. 4 for the distal end faces structure of this hulling machine shelling plate 5 and with the change procedure schematic diagram of the distance of helical axis 6, shelling plate 5 distal end faces cambered surfaces by the front-end A arc fade to 0 be the center of circle, R
2Be radius and the circular arc A concentric with helical axis
1D
1Can find out from Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4: shelling plate end face AC section arc from feed end to end fade to the helical axis concentric radius be R
2Circular arc, and with the helical axis angle be the CD section circular arc of α from front end to terminal constant.