CN201113494Y - New Solar Controller - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a new type of solar controller, comprising: a main control circuit, a square array of solar cells, and a storage battery. When the input voltage of the square array of solar cells is not enough to charge the storage battery, the main control circuit drives it A voltage boosting device for boosting the input voltage of the solar cell square array, the input terminal of the voltage boosting device is connected in parallel with the input terminal of the charging circuit, and the output terminal is connected in parallel with the output terminal of the charging circuit. Implementing the new solar controller of the utility model can prevent the storage battery from being exhausted due to the operation of the control circuit after the output part of the storage battery is under-voltage protected in long-term rainy weather; It can still start up and work normally without an external power supply. The utilization rate of the solar cell is high, there is no need to configure too many solar cell panels, and the cost is low.

Description

New solar controller

technical field

The utility model relates to a solar controller, in particular to a novel solar controller with a booster.

Background technique

As shown in Figure 1, the traditional solar controller is mainly composed of solar cells, battery charging and control circuits, batteries, battery discharge and control circuits, auxiliary power supplies, etc., and the most important part of them is battery charging and control circuits. Good or bad directly affects the efficiency, reliability and battery life of the controller. It is also the core part of the controller, which is equivalent to a DC conversion device, which can be realized by traditional DC/DC topology or simple on-off mode. The traditional DC/DC topology uses magnetic devices, which are extremely costly, bulky, heavy, and low in efficiency. At the same time, the control circuit is complicated and the reliability is poor. Moreover, since many solar controllers are used outdoors, the protection level is high. Generally, it is a closed type, and fans cannot be used for heat dissipation. Low efficiency will inevitably lead to a large radiator, and the charging power of the solar controller is often very large, so the size and weight of the radiator are often unbearable. On the other hand, due to the unstable input of solar cells and a large range of changes, the lower limit of the input may be 0 to several volts. To meet the lower limit of the input, the volume of the magnetic device may be larger, and the voltage and current stress range of the power conversion device is also larger, cost and weight. At the same time, due to the energy storage requirements of the battery, the voltage is generally tens of volts. In order to meet the duty cycle requirements of the traditional DC/DC control pulse width modulation mode, the DC/DC conversion input voltage cannot be too small. Based on the above reasons, the battery charging and control circuits currently used in the industry are mainly on-off mode, which has higher efficiency, simple circuit, low cost and simple control circuit compared with the traditional DC/DC conversion mode. But on the other hand, because it is equivalent to a simple step-down circuit, the input voltage range that can work is also limited by the battery voltage. When the input voltage of the solar battery is lower than the battery voltage, the energy of the solar battery cannot be transmitted to the battery. The charging voltage of the battery has an upper limit for equal charging, and the range between it and the rated voltage of the battery is also relatively large, so the lower limit of the input voltage of the solar battery is required to be higher.

The voltage-current curve and voltage-power curve of a typical solar cell are shown in Figure 2. From Figure 2, it can be seen that even when the voltage of the solar cell is low, its output current is basically unchanged, and its output power is only proportional to the voltage. Linear decline, so its load capacity is still strong. However, due to the high cost of solar cells, in order to maximize the utilization, in general, the voltage range corresponding to both sides of the maximum power point of the solar cell corresponds to the battery float charge voltage range, so that when the voltage of the solar cell is lower than the voltage of the battery, the solar cell It can no longer transmit its energy to the storage battery. It can be seen from the figure that the output power of the solar cell at this time is only slightly smaller than its maximum output power. Therefore, the conversion mode of the solar controller currently used in the industry is limited. The utilization efficiency of solar cells is impaired, and the low-voltage part of the energy cannot be converted or utilized. We take the solar controllers powered by 48V communication switching office as an example. The battery of the communication power supply system configured by them has a rated voltage of 48V, a floating charging voltage of 53.5V, and an average charging voltage of 56.4V. When using an on-off solar controller as When charging and discharging the battery, since the on-off solar controller is actually a step-down type, the corresponding voltage range of the maximum power of the solar cell configured by it is roughly 55-80V. According to the voltage and current curve of the solar cell above, the solar cell that needs the above characteristics Only when four solar cells are connected in series can the equal charge characteristics of the battery and the solar cell power supply work near the maximum power point. Under normal circumstances, when the battery voltage is 53.5V, the solar battery can no longer charge the battery when the voltage is slightly higher than 53.5V. At this time, the energy that the solar battery can generate is wasted. In the morning and evening, the solar battery is wasted because the voltage is lower than the battery voltage. From the above solar voltage and current diagram and the maximum power diagram, we can see that the power of the solar battery is still about 70% of the maximum power at this time. It can be seen that the waste is very large. .

To sum up, the solar controllers currently used in the industry have the following disadvantages: 1. The solar controllers that use the traditional DC/DC topology for charging control are large in size, heavy in weight, and high in cost. Heat sinks often make the size, weight, and cost unacceptable. 2. Since the on-off solar controller is actually a step-down charging mode, the lower limit of the input voltage is relatively high, which leads to a low utilization rate of the solar battery. 3. Since the capacity of the battery is limited by the required maximum maintenance time, when the utilization rate of solar cells is low, it is necessary to configure more solar panels to meet the needs of battery charging, which increases the cost. 4. When the auxiliary power used in the control part of the solar controller has undervoltage protection, when the battery voltage is lower than the undervoltage point of the auxiliary power supply, the solar controller cannot be started, and the solar battery cannot charge the battery because the control part has no power. , the solar controller can work normally only after the external power supply is turned on.

Utility model content

The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to provide a new type of solar controller aiming at the above defects of the prior art.

The technical solution adopted by the utility model to solve the technical problems is: to construct a new type of solar controller, including: a main control circuit, a solar cell square array, and a storage battery. When charging, it is driven by the main control circuit to boost the input voltage of the solar cell square array, the input terminal of the boost device is connected in parallel with the input terminal of the charging circuit, and the output terminal is connected with the The output terminals of the charging circuit are connected in parallel.

In the new solar controller described in the utility model, the boosting device is a direct boosting circuit, a flyback boosting circuit with a transformer, a forward boosting circuit, a half-bridge boosting circuit, a bridge Boost circuit or push-pull boost circuit.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the booster device includes: an inductance element L1, a diode D1, a transistor Q1,

Wherein, one end of the inductance element L1 is connected to the anode of the solar cell square array through a transistor Q2;

The other end of the inductance element L1 is connected to the anode of the diode D1;

The cathode of the diode D1 is connected to the positive pole of the storage battery;

The source of the transistor Q1 is connected to the cathode of the solar cell array, the drain is connected to the anode of the diode D1 , and the gate is connected to the main control circuit.

In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the boosting device includes: an inductance element L1, a transistor Q1 and a diode D1,

Wherein, one end of the inductance element L1 is connected to the anode of the solar cell array, and the other end is connected to the anode of the diode D1;

The cathode of the diode D1 is connected to the positive pole of the storage battery;

The source of the transistor Q1 is connected to the negative pole of the storage battery, the drain is connected to the anode of the diode D1 , and the gate is connected to the main control circuit.

In yet another preferred embodiment of the present utility model, the boosting device includes: an inductance element L12, a transistor Q1, a transistor Q2, a diode D1,

Wherein, one end of the inductance element L12 is connected to the anode of the solar cell array, and the other end is connected to the anode of the diode D1;

The cathode of the diode D1 is connected to the positive pole of the storage battery;

The source of the transistor Q1 is connected to the negative pole of the solar cell square array, the drain is connected to the anode of the diode D1, and the gate is connected to the main control circuit through the first drive control circuit;

The source of the transistor Q2 is connected to the negative pole of the solar cell array, the drain is connected to the negative pole of the storage battery, and the gate is connected to the main control circuit through the second drive control circuit.

In yet another preferred embodiment of the present utility model, the booster includes: a transformer T1, a transistor Q1, a diode D2,

Wherein, one end of the primary winding of the transformer T1 is connected to the anode of the solar cell array, and the other end is connected to the drain of the transistor Q1;

The source of the transistor Q1 is connected to the negative pole of the solar cell square array, and the gate is connected to the main control circuit through the second drive control circuit;

One end of the secondary winding of the transformer having the same name as the end of the primary winding is connected to the anode of the diode, the other end is connected to the negative pole of the storage battery, and the cathode of the diode is connected to the positive pole of the storage battery.

In yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the booster device includes: a PWM circuit, a sampling feedback circuit, a transformer T1, a transistor Q1, a diode D1, a diode D2, and a capacitor C1,

Wherein, one end of the primary winding of the transformer T1 is connected to the anode of the solar cell array, and the other end is connected to the drain of the transistor Q1;

The source of the transistor Q1 is connected to the negative pole of the solar cell array, and the gate is connected to the PWM circuit;

The PWM circuit is connected to the main control circuit through a judgment signal circuit;

The sampling feedback circuit is connected to the PWM circuit;

One end of the secondary winding of the transformer T1 having the same name as the end of the primary winding is connected to the anode of the diode D1, and the other end is connected to the sampling feedback circuit while being connected to the negative pole of the storage battery;

The cathode of the diode D1 is connected to the anode of the diode D2, and is connected to the sampling feedback circuit at the same time;

The cathode of the diode D2 is connected to the positive pole of the storage battery;

One end of the capacitor C1 is connected to the cathode of the diode D1, and the other end is connected to the negative pole of the storage battery.

The beneficial effect of the utility model is that it can prevent the storage battery from draining due to the operation of the control circuit after the output part of the storage battery is under-voltage protected in long-term rainy weather; it can also make the storage battery voltage lower than the auxiliary power supply low-voltage point, and the solar controller will still It can start up and work normally without external power supply. The utilization rate of solar cells is high, there is no need to configure too many solar panels, and the cost is low.

Description of drawings

The utility model will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, in the accompanying drawing:

Fig. 1 is the functional block diagram of solar controller in the prior art;

Fig. 2 is the current curve and the voltage power curve diagram of the solar cell in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is the functional block diagram of the novel solar controller described in the utility model;

Fig. 4 is the schematic block diagram of the circuit of the first embodiment of the novel solar controller described in the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a schematic circuit block diagram of the second embodiment of the novel solar controller described in the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a schematic circuit block diagram of the third embodiment of the new solar controller described in the present invention;

Fig. 7 is a circuit block diagram of the fourth embodiment of the new solar controller described in the utility model;

Fig. 8 is a schematic block diagram of the circuit of the fifth embodiment of the new solar controller described in the present invention.

Detailed ways

As shown in Figure 3, the new solar controller described in the utility model, aiming at the shortcomings of the above solar controller, we have improved the solar controller, the improvement method is to combine the traditional DC/DC and on-off solar controller Features, a solar controller with a booster device 4 is designed. Under normal working conditions, when the voltage of the solar cell 2 is greater than the voltage of the battery 3, the DC/DC circuit of the main power or the on-off main power circuit works normally, and the booster Voltage device 4 does not work, when the voltage of solar cell 2 is lower than the voltage of storage battery 3, and when the main power circuit is not working, booster device 4 starts to work, and continues to convert the energy on solar cell 2 into energy of storage battery 3, and storage battery 3 is charged. It can also supply power to the load at the same time. The solar controller includes: a main control circuit 1, a solar battery array 2, and a storage battery 3. When the input voltage of the solar battery array 2 is not enough to charge the storage battery 3, it is driven by the main control circuit 1 to The booster 4 for boosting the input voltage of the solar battery array 2, the input terminal of the booster 4 is connected in parallel with the input terminal of the charging circuit, and the output terminal is connected in parallel with the output terminal of the charging circuit. The boosting device 4 is a direct boosting circuit, a flyback boosting circuit with a transformer, a forward boosting circuit, a half-bridge boosting circuit, a bridge boosting circuit or a push-pull boosting circuit.

Taking a solar controller with medium power, on-off charging topology, and the output voltage of the battery 3 rated at 48V as an example, according to the common floating charging voltage in the industry (floating charging voltage is 53.5V, and the charging voltage is 56.4V ) for charging management, the maximum charging current is 100A, and the rated output load current is assumed to be 50A. The maximum power of the equipped solar battery should be greater than 6000W. If we use a solar panel with S=1000W/m2, a total of four solar panels need to be connected in series to form a group. To meet the required charging voltage and current requirements, the maximum power is more than 7,000 watts, which meets the maximum power requirements. According to this configuration, we analyze that when the voltage of the battery 3 is 53.5V, the input voltage of the solar cell array 2 is equal to 53.5V, and the on-off charging topology cannot normally charge the battery, and the on-off charging switch is disconnected. The storage battery 3 alone supplies power to the load. We assume that when the ambient temperature and solar radiation intensity are basically unchanged before and after the charging switch is turned off, the maximum power corresponding to the input voltage of the solar cell array 2 is equal to 53.5V is about 6000W, which is enough for the load to use, but due to Due to the limitation of the topology of the traditional solar controller, this part of the power of the solar battery 2 is wasted. It can be seen that the utilization rate of the solar battery 2 is extremely low by using the traditional charging topology. Theoretically, when the input voltage of the solar array 2 is greater than 24V, it can still be used for the rated load. Therefore, we add a booster 4 to the traditional solar controller. When the input voltage of the solar cell array 2 is not enough to charge the storage battery 3, the booster 4 starts to work, and the voltage of the solar cell array 2 is boosted. After the device 4 boosts the voltage, it continues to charge the storage battery 3 while supplying power to the load. We calculate that the minimum input voltage of the booster 4 is 20V. At this time, the maximum power of the solar cell array 2 is about 2000W. It is assumed that the input voltage of the solar cell array 2 is between 20V and 53.5V for 2 hours a day on average throughout the year. In addition to the rainy weather, the input voltage of the solar cell array is between 20V and 53.5V for about 3 hours a day on average throughout the year, and the average input power of the solar cell array within this voltage range is about 4000W. The booster device The efficiency is about 85%, and after the step-up device 4 is added, the solar battery array can output more than 3700 kilowatt-hours of electricity every year. And the cost price of a 5000W booster device 4 does not exceed 150RMB. It can be seen that the benefits are considerable. Of course, since the voltage-current characteristics and power-voltage characteristics of the actual solar cell 2 are greatly affected by the ambient temperature and the intensity of solar radiation, when the voltage of the solar cell array 2 is low, the corresponding ambient temperature and the intensity of solar radiation are also relatively weak. , and the corresponding current will be slightly smaller.

As shown in Figure 4, in the first embodiment of the present utility model, the charging main circuit of the solar controller adopts a traditional step-down circuit (BUCK circuit, composed of Q2, D2, and L1 in Figure 4.), wherein L1 inductance It is not only the energy storage inductance of the step-down circuit, but also the energy storage inductance of the boost circuit. At the same time, the anti-reverse diode D1 in the charging main circuit to prevent the voltage of the battery from being higher than the voltage of the solar battery is used as the reverse of the boost circuit. To the blocking switch, in this way, we will add a switch tube Q1 to produce the boost device we want to add. The boosting device 4 includes: an inductance element L1, a diode D1, and a transistor Q1, wherein one end of the inductance element L1 is connected to the positive pole of the solar cell array 2 through a transistor Q2; the other end of the inductance element L1 connected to the anode of the diode D1; the cathode of the diode D1 is connected to the anode of the storage battery 3; the source of the transistor Q1 is connected to the cathode of the solar cell array 2, and the drain is connected to the diode The anode and gate of D1 are connected to the main control circuit 1 .

As shown in Figure 5, in the second embodiment of the present utility model, the booster 4 includes: an inductance element L1, a transistor Q1 and a diode D1, wherein one end of the inductance element L1 is connected to the solar cell square array 2 The positive pole of the transistor Q1 is connected to the anode of the diode D1; the cathode of the diode D1 is connected to the positive pole of the storage battery 3; the source of the transistor Q1 is connected to the negative pole of the storage battery 3, and the drain is connected to the The anode and the gate of the diode D1 are connected to the main control circuit 1 .

As shown in Figure 6, in the third embodiment of the utility model, the booster 4 includes: an inductance element L12, a transistor Q1, a transistor Q2, and a diode D1, wherein one end of the inductance element L12 is connected to the solar energy The positive pole of the battery array 2 and the other end are connected to the anode of the diode D1; the cathode of the diode D1 is connected to the positive pole of the storage battery 3; the source of the transistor Q1 is connected to the negative pole of the solar cell array 2 The drain is connected to the anode of the diode D1, the gate is connected to the main control circuit 1 through the first drive control circuit 11; the source of the transistor Q2 is connected to the negative pole of the solar cell square array 2, The drain is connected to the negative pole of the storage battery 3 , and the gate is connected to the main control circuit 1 through the second drive control circuit 12 .

As shown in Figure 7, in the fourth embodiment of the present utility model, the booster 4 includes: a transformer T1, a transistor Q1, and a diode D2, wherein one end of the primary winding of the transformer T1 is connected to the side of the solar cell The positive pole of array 2 is connected, and the other end is connected with the drain of said transistor Q1; The control circuit 1 is connected; one end of the secondary winding of the transformer having the same name as the end of the primary winding is connected to the anode of the diode, and the other end is connected to the negative pole of the storage battery 3, and the cathode of the diode is connected to the negative pole of the storage battery 3. The positive pole of the storage battery 3 is connected.

As shown in Figure 8, in the fifth embodiment of the present utility model, the booster 4 includes: a PWM circuit, a sampling feedback circuit, a transformer T1, a transistor Q1, a diode D1, a diode D2, and a capacitor C1, wherein the One end of the primary winding of the transformer T1 is connected to the anode of the solar cell array (2), and the other end is connected to the drain of the transistor Q1; the source of the transistor Q1 is connected to the solar cell array 2 The negative pole is connected, the grid is connected with the PWM circuit; the PWM circuit is connected with the main control circuit 1 through the judgment signal circuit 14; the sampling feedback circuit is connected with the PWM circuit; the secondary winding of the transformer T1 One end with the same name as one end of the primary winding is connected to the anode of the diode D1, and the other end is connected to the negative pole of the battery 3 while being connected to the sampling feedback circuit; the cathode of the diode D1 is connected to the The anode of the diode D2 is connected and connected to the sampling feedback circuit at the same time; the cathode of the diode D2 is connected to the positive pole of the battery 3; one end of the capacitor C1 is connected to the cathode of the diode D1, and the other end is connected to the The negative pole of the storage battery 3 is connected.

The specific type of the booster 4 and the circuit topology used can be flexibly selected according to the specific topology type used by the original solar controller, and a direct boost circuit can be selected, or an isolated boost circuit can be used, such as Flyback booster circuit with transformer, forward booster circuit, half-bridge booster circuit, bridge booster circuit, push-pull booster circuit and their derivative topological circuits, composite circuits, etc. The boost circuit can be controlled by the main control circuit of the original solar controller, or it can have its own independent control circuit.

Claims (7)

1. a new type solar energy controller comprises main control circuit (1), solar cell array (2), storage battery (3), is connected on the charging circuit between described solar cell array (2) and the described storage battery (3); It is characterized in that, also comprise: when described solar cell array (2) input voltage is not enough to charge to described storage battery (3), drive the increasing apparatus (4) that it boosts for the input voltage of described solar cell array (2) by described main control circuit (1), the input of described increasing apparatus (4) is in parallel with the input of described charging circuit, output is in parallel with the output of described charging circuit.

2. new type solar energy controller according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described increasing apparatus (4) is inverse-excitation type booster circuit, positive activation type booster circuit, semibridge system booster circuit, bridge-type booster circuit or the push-pull type booster circuit of direct booster circuit, band transformer.

3. new type solar energy controller according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, described increasing apparatus (4) comprising: inductance component L 1, diode D1, transistor Q1,

Wherein, an end of described inductance component L 1 is connected to the positive pole of described solar cell array (2) by transistor Q2;

The other end of described inductance component L 1 is connected with the positive pole of described diode D1;

The negative electrode of described diode D1 is connected with the positive pole of described storage battery (3);

The source electrode of described transistor Q1 anode, the grid that is connected to described diode D1 that be connected with the negative pole of described solar cell array (2), drain is connected to described main control circuit (1).

4. new type solar energy controller according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, described increasing apparatus (4) comprising: inductance component L 1, transistor Q1 diode D1,

Wherein, an end of described inductance component L 1 is connected with the positive pole of described solar cell array (2), and the other end is connected with the anode of described diode D1;

The negative electrode of described diode D1 is connected to the positive pole of described storage battery (3);

The source electrode of described transistor Q1 is connected with the anode of described diode D1 with negative pole, the drain electrode of described storage battery (3), grid is connected to described main control circuit (1).

5. new type solar energy controller according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, described increasing apparatus (4) comprising: inductance component L 12, transistor Q1, transistor Q2, diode D1,

Wherein, an end of described inductance component L 12 is connected with the anode of described diode D1 with positive pole, the other end of described solar cell array (2);

The negative electrode of described diode D1 is connected with the positive pole of described storage battery (3);

The source electrode of described transistor Q1 is connected with the negative pole of described solar cell array (2), drain electrode is connected with the anode of described diode D1, grid is connected to described main control circuit (1) by first Drive and Control Circuit (11);

The source electrode of described transistor Q2 is connected with the negative pole of described solar cell array (2), drain electrode is connected with the negative pole of described storage battery (3), grid is connected to described main control circuit (1) by second Drive and Control Circuit (12).

6. new type solar energy controller according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, described increasing apparatus (4) comprising: transformer T1, transistor Q1, diode D2,

Wherein, an end of the former limit of described transformer T1 winding is connected with the positive pole of described solar cell array (2), the other end is connected with the drain electrode of described transistor Q1;

The source electrode of described transistor Q1 is connected with the negative pole of described solar cell array (2), grid is connected with described main control circuit (1) by second Drive and Control Circuit (12);

End with described former limit winding of described transformer secondary winding is that an end of end of the same name is connected with the anode of described diode, the other end is connected with the negative pole of described storage battery (3), and the negative electrode of described diode is connected with the positive pole of described storage battery (3).

7. new type solar energy controller according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, described increasing apparatus (4) comprising: pwm circuit, sampling feedback circuit, transformer T1, transistor Q1, diode D1, diode D2, capacitor C 1,

Wherein, an end of the former limit of described transformer T1 winding is connected with the positive pole of described solar cell array (2), the other end is connected with the drain electrode of described transistor Q1;

The source electrode of described transistor Q1 is connected with the negative pole of described solar cell array (2), grid is connected with described pwm circuit;

Described pwm circuit is by judging that signal circuit is connected with described main control circuit (1);

Described sampling feedback circuit is connected with described pwm circuit;

End with described former limit winding of described transformer T1 secondary winding is that an end of end of the same name is connected with the anode of described diode D1, the other end is connected to described sampling feedback circuit when being connected with the negative pole of described storage battery (3);

The negative electrode of described diode D1 is connected with the anode of described diode D2, and is connected to described sampling feedback circuit simultaneously;

The negative electrode of described diode D2 is connected with the positive pole of described storage battery (3);

One end of described capacitor C 1 is connected with the negative electrode of described diode D1, the other end is connected with the negative pole of described storage battery (3).

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