CN201080441Y - Integral solar energy production device for desalination of sea water - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses an integrative solar energy sea water desalinating integral production unit, comprising a heat-collecting falling-film distiller group, a heat interchanger, a blower, a cyclone separator and a temperature transducer. The distiller is composed of a collecting header, a vacuum pipe arranged on the collecting header, a sea water ingress pipe arranged in the vacuum pipe and a saturated steam eduction pipe; wherein a moist film is arranged on the inside wall of the vacuum pipe. With the unit, the heat-collecting temperature of solar energy can be controlled in a low heat range of 40 to 60 DEG C to improve the photothermic conversion rate. An upper end of the sea water ingress pipe is provided with water distribution holes and the sea water is sprayed onto the moist film through the water distribution holes. Under the coaction of the moist film and the gravity, heat-collecting, falling-film distilling and micro-negative pressure distilling are realized, and under the action of the moist film, the film distillation area is enlarged; the problems of low photothermic utilization rate of the solar energy, low production efficiency and easy pollution to the desalted water are solved; therefore the efficiency is greatly improved and the cost is greatly reduced.

Description

Integrated solar desalination overall production device

technical field

The utility model relates to a solar seawater desalination device, in particular to a solar seawater desalination integral production device integrating heat collection and falling film distillation, and belongs to the technical field of seawater desalination or salt water desalination by solar photothermal technology.

Background technique

At present, human fresh water resources are extremely scarce, especially in islands and brackish water areas. Although there are abundant seawater or brackish water resources, there is a serious shortage of fresh water for production and life. The energy crisis and the environmental pollution caused by the use of fossil energy have prompted human efforts to develop and utilize clean energy such as solar energy and wind energy. With the development of solar heat collection technology, there have been technologies and devices for desalinating seawater or brackish water using solar energy resources.

Patent No. 01134409.1 discloses a solar desalination device, which includes a high-temperature heat collection device for collecting solar energy to heat the heat transfer medium, and a high-temperature heat transfer medium from the output pipe in the high-temperature heat collection device to generate high temperature A steam boiler for water steam and a multi-effect distillation seawater desalination unit for distilling seawater using steam from the steam boiler to obtain fresh water. Since this equipment uses solar high-temperature heat collectors to generate high temperatures above 60°C, the heat is indirectly transferred to steam boilers and distillation equipment through heat-conducting media, and then the heat is transferred to seawater for distillation. There are some disadvantages in doing so: First, the photothermal conversion rate of solar energy decreases with the increase of temperature, especially when the heat collection temperature is higher than 60°C, the photothermal conversion efficiency will drop significantly, which is not conducive to the full utilization of solar energy Secondly, since the entire heat transfer process from heat collection to final heat distillation is completed through more than two devices, it is affected by factors such as the heat exchange efficiency of each device and the heat dissipation of the pipes used. As a result, the overall heat utilization rate is lower.

The patent No. 98225969.7 discloses a vacuum tube solar seawater desalinator, which is composed of a solar concave mirror, a heat collecting tube, a central tube, a condensation chamber, a vacuum pump and a seawater pool, and seawater enters the jacket of the heat collecting tube and the central tube, Distillation is carried out while collecting heat, and the steam enters the condensation chamber through the central tube to condense into fresh water. Although this desalter device carries out solar heat collection and seawater distillation simultaneously, it needs to use a vacuum pump to pump the heating chamber of the heat collection tube into a high negative pressure, which requires relatively large power and consumes energy. Moreover, under the condition of high vacuum degree, seawater boils in the heat collecting tube, which easily forms foam, overflows into the central tube, and pollutes the desalinated water. In addition, the actual evaporation area of seawater in the heat collecting tube is only the cross-sectional area of the annular jacket between the heat collecting tube and the central tube, and the evaporation area is narrow, resulting in a decrease in evaporation efficiency.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of this utility model is to provide a set of solar seawater desalination integrated production device for the above-mentioned shortcomings existing in seawater desalination in the prior art. The device fully utilizes the light and heat of solar energy and the existing vacuum tube solar heat collection technology, and integrates solar heat collection, falling film distillation and micro-negative pressure distillation in a vacuum tube to complete in one step, and is supplemented by positive pressure condensation, waste heat recovery, gas-liquid Contact humidification heat exchange and gas-liquid separation technologies complete the whole process of seawater desalination and obtain pure desalinated water. The whole device has simple structure, high efficiency, and reduces investment and operation costs.

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the utility model adopts the following technical solutions to achieve:

An integrated solar seawater desalination overall production device, including a seawater head tank and a heat-collecting falling film still group, the said still group is composed of several solar vacuum tubes and header boxes, the vacuum tubes are inserted into the header box, and The feature is that the side wall of the vacuum tube is provided with a wetting film; the vacuum tube is provided with a seawater inlet pipe, the upper end of which is blocked, the side wall of the upper end is provided with a water distribution hole, and the lower end is connected to a pipeline; in addition, a saturated water pipe is provided. The steam outlet pipe has an open upper end, and its upper end is higher than the upper end of the seawater inlet pipe, preventing the seawater sprayed from the water distribution hole from entering the water vapor outlet pipe, and the lower end is connected to the pipeline; the header box can introduce thermal circulation air, And export hot concentrated seawater.

As a technical solution of the utility model, the above-mentioned wet film is a fiber fabric with strong water absorption and hydrophobicity, and is pasted on the inner wall of the vacuum tube.

On the other hand, in addition to the ordinary vacuum tube with a smooth inner wall, the inner wall of the vacuum tube can also be made into a pineapple pattern, an inner spiral pattern or a striped pattern, which is conducive to the formation of a water film by seawater in the tube and enhances the performance of falling film distillation.

The header box has at least one side opening, the seawater inlet pipe and the saturated water vapor outlet pipe are installed on the header box, and the lower port passes through the header box.

As another technical solution of the utility model, the integrated seawater desalination production device also includes a fan that can take out saturated water vapor, form a slight negative pressure in the vacuum tube, and form circulating air in the entire system. It is communicated with the outlet pipe of saturated water vapor through a pipeline; a heat exchanger capable of preheating seawater and condensing saturated water vapor into fresh water at the same time, an outlet of the heat exchanger is connected with a seawater inlet pipe through a pipeline; and a heat exchanger capable of A cyclone separator separating fresh water and circulating air, the inlet of said separator being in communication with another outlet of said heat exchanger.

The seawater desalination device of the utility model also includes a packed tower heat exchanger capable of humidifying the circulating air and conducting phase-to-phase heat exchange with the hot-concentrated seawater exported from the header. In addition, it also includes a temperature sensor and a solenoid valve. The solenoid valve is installed on the seawater pipeline connected to the seawater head tank. By detecting the temperature of the vacuum tube, the solenoid valve and the fan are controlled to realize the control of the distillation temperature in the vacuum tube.

The seawater is subjected to falling film distillation and micro-negative pressure distillation in the vacuum tube, the distillation temperature range is 40-60° C., and the pressure of the micro-negative pressure distillation is greater than minus 100 Pa.

In order to increase the solar heat collection effect, light-concentrating reflectors are installed in the gaps between the vacuum tubes forming the heat-collecting falling-film distiller group.

In addition, in order to meet the needs of large-scale seawater desalination production, multiple sets of thermal falling film stills can be connected in parallel or in series to form a matrix module.

Compared with prior art, advantage and positive effect of the present utility model are:

(1) Since the temperature range of the vacuum tube solar heat collection is in the low heat range of 40-60°C, the temperature range of the highest light-to-heat conversion efficiency of the solar heat collection vacuum tube is fully utilized to improve the utilization rate of solar energy, thereby increasing the efficiency of seawater desalination Productivity.

(2) After the seawater to be distilled enters the vacuum tube through the seawater inlet tube, it is forced to form a water film under the joint action of the wet film and gravity, and is distributed on the inner wall of the vacuum heat collection tube, directly heated and distilled, so that the solar collector and Falling film stills combined into one unit. In this way, while reducing the cost of the equipment, it avoids a large amount of heat loss in the heat transfer process from the solar collector to the distiller, and improves the heat utilization rate; The expansion area of the inner wall of the vacuum tube is directly used as the distillation area, thereby greatly increasing the evaporation area. For example, a national standard solar vacuum heat collection tube with an outer diameter of 58mm and a length of 1800mm has an inner wall expansion area of about 0.265m ² , thus The distillation efficiency of solar seawater desalination in the low heat area is greatly improved.

(3) The micro-negative pressure falling film distillation process in the vacuum tube is distilled below the boiling point of seawater, thereby avoiding the generation of seawater foam during the distillation process and ensuring the purity of fresh water.

(4) Due to the micro-negative pressure falling film distillation in the vacuum tube, the seawater exists in the form of a water film in the vacuum tube to be heated and distilled, so the heat capacity is very small, thereby shortening the start-up time of the device for desalination and further improving production efficiency .

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of an embodiment of the utility model integrated production device for seawater desalination.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a vacuum tube in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 .

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the orientation installation of the heat-collecting falling-film distiller group in Fig. 1 .

Detailed ways

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment, the utility model is described in further detail.

As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the integrated solar seawater desalination overall production device of an embodiment of the present invention includes a heat-collecting falling-film distiller group 1, a packed tower heat exchanger 2, a fan 3, and a cyclone separator 4 , heat exchanger 5, temperature sensor 12 and electromagnetic valve 13; Heat-collecting falling-film distiller group 1 comprises several vacuum tubes 8 and header box 7, and one side end of header box 7 has opening, and passes pipeline It communicates with the packed tower heat exchanger 2; the vacuum tubes 8 are installed side by side on the header box 7, and the inner tube wall of the vacuum tube 8 is pasted with a wet film 9; in addition, the distiller group 1 also includes fixing on the header box 7, And insert the seawater inlet pipe 6 and the saturated water vapor outlet pipe 11 in the vacuum tube 8, and the upper end of the saturated water vapor outlet pipe 11 is higher than the upper end of the seawater inlet pipe 6, and there are water distribution holes 10 on the side wall of the seawater inlet pipe upper end .

When the heat-collecting falling-film distiller group 1 in the production device of this embodiment was installed, the axis of each vacuum tube was 10° westward in the north-south direction, and the included angle θ with the ground was equal to the local latitude plus 10°, as shown in Figure 3. As shown in the installation diagram.

In this embodiment, the vacuum tubes are all-glass vacuum tubes with a national standard of 58mm×1800mm. When desalinating seawater, the temperature sensor 12 is placed in one of the vacuum tubes. Since the heating conditions of each vacuum tube are the same, their temperatures are approximately equal. When the temperature detected by the sensor is set to be 60°C and 40°C respectively, a signal is sent to control the action of the actuator. When the temperature sensor detects that the temperature of the vacuum tube reaches 60°C, the electromagnetic valve 13 is automatically opened, and the fan 5 is automatically started to run, and the seawater (raw water) enters the heat exchanger 5 from the seawater high level tank (not shown in the figure) through the pipeline, and is saturated The water vapor heats up into hot sea water. The hot sea water enters the upper top of the inner cavity of the vacuum tube 8 through the sea water introduction tube 6, and the inner wall of the vacuum tube 8 is pre-applied with a fiber fabric with strong water absorption and hydrophobicity as a wetting film 9, and the sea water is arranged on the upper side of the introduction tube 6. The water distribution hole 10 at the end is sprayed onto the upper surface of the wet membrane 9. Then, the preheated seawater is forced to form a descending water film on the inner wall of the vacuum tube 8 under the combined action of gravity and the strong water absorption of the wet film 9, and the water film is heated by the inner wall of the vacuum tube during the descent process. Falling film distillation forms saturated water vapor and hot concentrated seawater. The hot concentrated seawater flows into the header 7 and then enters the packed tower heat exchanger 2 through the pipeline, while the saturated water vapor is sucked away by the negative pressure through the saturated water vapor outlet pipe 11 under the action of the fan 3, forming a vacuum in the vacuum tube. The pressure is a slight negative pressure distillation of about negative 80Pa. Saturated water vapor passes through fan 3 and then enters heat exchanger 5 with positive pressure, transferring heat to raw seawater and condensing into fresh water and cold circulating air. Then it enters the cyclone separator 4 through the pipeline to separate fresh water and cold circulating air. Fresh water flows into the fresh water storage tank (not shown in the figure), while the cold circulating air enters the packed tower heat exchanger 2 through the pipeline, and performs reverse phase and phase contact heat exchange with the hot concentrated seawater discharged from the header 7. Humidification, hot concentrated seawater is discharged into cold concentrated seawater, and the cold circulating air is heated and humidified to become hot circulating air, which is exported from the packed tower heat exchanger 2 and flows countercurrently into the collector with the hot concentrated seawater in the same pipeline. After the header 7, it enters the inner cavity of the vacuum tube 8 and moves from bottom to top along the inner cavity of the vacuum tube 8 to form a flowing airflow to continue to participate in the falling film distillation. In this way, the whole process of seawater desalination from heat collection, distillation to condensation is completed.

When the sun is full, this process is continuous. If the sunlight is insufficient, the heat collecting temperature in the vacuum tube will drop, and when the temperature sensor detects that the temperature is lower than 40°C, the electromagnetic valve 13 will be automatically closed, the supply of seawater will be stopped, and the fan 3 will automatically stop running. If the temperature sensor detects that the heat collection temperature in the vacuum tube reaches 60°C, then open the solenoid valve 13 and the fan 3, and continue the above seawater heat collection, distillation and condensation process, so that the desalination production of seawater is realized by such repeated operation.

In the above embodiments, in order to improve the solar heat collection effect, a CPC aluminum alloy concentrating and reflective plate is installed in the gap between the tubes of each vacuum tube, which further improves the seawater desalination efficiency in low-temperature regions and during low-temperature periods.

As the second embodiment of the present utility model, the distiller group used in the above-mentioned first embodiment is regarded as a unit, and multiple distiller group units are connected through the port on the other side of the header box to form a large-scale Matrix module, and then configure one or more sets of condensation, heat exchange and separation devices used in the first embodiment, so as to realize large-scale seawater desalination production.

It should be noted that when using the integrated solar seawater desalination overall production device of the utility model for seawater desalination production, the size specification and form of the vacuum tube are not limited to those selected in the embodiment, and can also be other products that meet the requirements, such as the vacuum tube The inner wall is made into pineapple pattern, internal spiral pattern or striped pattern, etc. You can choose all-glass vacuum tubes, or you can choose glass, metal solar vacuum heat collectors or vacuum double-pass tube solar heat collectors. In addition, the material and thickness of the wet film used, and the method of sticking to the inner wall of the vacuum tube, etc., can be selected and adjusted according to actual needs.

Of course, the above description is not a limitation of the present utility model, and the present utility model is not limited to the above-mentioned examples. Those of ordinary skill in the art may make changes, modifications, additions or replacements within the essential scope of the present utility model. It should also belong to the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims (10)

1. integral solar energy sea water desalination production apparatus, comprise seawater header tank and thermal-arrest falling-film distillation device group, described distiller group is made up of some solar energy vacuum tubes and collection header, valve tube is inserted on the collection header, it is characterized in that the sidewall in the described valve tube is provided with moistening film, be provided with the seawater ingress pipe in the valve tube, its upper end shutoff has water distributing pore on the sidewall of upper end, the lower end connecting pipeline, also be provided with the saturated steam delivery line, its upper end open, and its upper end is higher than the upper end of seawater ingress pipe, lower end connecting pipeline, described collection header can import the thermal cycling air, and hot concentrated seawater is derived.

2. integral solar energy sea water desalination production apparatus according to claim 1 is characterized in that described moistening film is to have strong absorptive and hydrophobic fabric.

3. integral solar energy sea water desalination production apparatus according to claim 2 is characterized in that described valve tube inwall is provided with pelerine design, internal screw decorative pattern or striated decorative pattern.

4. integral solar energy sea water desalination production apparatus according to claim 3 is characterized in that described collection header has a side opening at least, and seawater ingress pipe and saturated steam delivery line are inserted on the collection header, and its lower port is passed the collection header.

5. integral solar energy sea water desalination production apparatus according to claim 4, it is characterized in that also comprising that an energy takes saturated steam, form little negative pressure and form the blower fan of recirculated air out of in valve tube in total system, described blower fan is communicated with the saturated steam delivery line by pipeline; An energy is condensed into saturated steam the interchanger of fresh water simultaneously with seawater preheating, and an outlet of described interchanger is by pipeline connection seawater ingress pipe; And an energy is fresh water and the isolating whirlwind separator of recirculated air, and the import of described separator is communicated with another outlet of described interchanger.

6. integral solar energy sea water desalination production apparatus according to claim 5, it is characterized in that also comprising one can make the recirculated air humidification and can carry out mutually with the hot concentrated seawater of deriving in the collection header, the tower interchanger of filler of phase heat exchange.

7. integral solar energy sea water desalination production apparatus according to claim 6, it is characterized in that also comprising a temperature sensor and a magnetic valve, magnetic valve is installed on the seawaterline that connects the seawater header tank, by detecting the temperature of valve tube, control magnetic valve and blower fan, and then realization is to the control of distillation temperature in the valve tube.

8. integral solar energy sea water desalination production apparatus according to claim 7 is characterized in that the distillation temperature scope in the described valve tube is 40～60 ℃, and the pressure of little vacuum distillation is greater than negative 100Pa.

9. integral solar energy sea water desalination production apparatus according to claim 1 is characterized in that forming between each valve tube of thermal-arrest falling-film distillation device group the gap concentration inverse light panel is installed, to increase the solar energy heating effect.

10. integral solar energy sea water desalination production apparatus according to claim 9 is characterized in that many group thermal-arrest falling-film distillation device groups are in parallel or is composed in series the matrix module use.

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