CN1979181A - Fuel-cell single-cell voltage detecting circuit - Google Patents
Fuel-cell single-cell voltage detecting circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN1979181A CN1979181A CN 200510111276 CN200510111276A CN1979181A CN 1979181 A CN1979181 A CN 1979181A CN 200510111276 CN200510111276 CN 200510111276 CN 200510111276 A CN200510111276 A CN 200510111276A CN 1979181 A CN1979181 A CN 1979181A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a fuel cell single cell voltage testing circuit that includes MCU, decoding circuit, CAN bus interface circuit, several photoelectric relay, and divider circuit. The decoding circuit supplies driving signal for photoelectric relay, and realizes voltage scanning measuring for fuel cell single cell. The output of decoding circuit connects to input of photoelectric relay. And several outputs of photoelectric relay connect to fuel cells to form voltage testing circuit with divider circuit. MCU connects with the input of decoding circuit to control the state of decoding state, and connects to CAN bus interface circuit to send single cell voltage value to CAN bus interface circuit, and connects to divider circuit to gather voltage value of single cell. The invention has the advantages of high reliable, easy to realize and rapid sampling speed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fuel cell, relate in particular to a kind of fuel-cell single-cell voltage detecting circuit.
Background technology
Fuel cell is the device that a kind of chemical energy that produces can be with fuel and oxygenant generation electrochemical reaction the time is transformed into electric energy.The core component of this device is membrane electrode (Membrane Electrode Assembly, be called for short MEA), membrane electrode can be made up of by conductive porous property diffusion material (as carbon paper) with two that are clipped in the film two sides a PEM, is evenly distributed with the catalyzer (as metal platinum) of the caused electrochemical reaction of tiny dispersion on two boundary surfaces that PEM contacts with conductive material.Draw by external circuit with the electronics that conductive body will take place to produce in the electrochemical reaction process on the membrane electrode both sides, has just constituted current return.
Anode tap at membrane electrode, fuel can pass poriness diffusion material (as carbon paper) by infiltration, and in catalyst surface generation electrochemical reaction, loses electronics and form positive ion, positive ion can pass PEM by migration, arrives the other end-cathode terminal of membrane electrode.Cathode terminal at membrane electrode, the gas (as air) that contains oxygenant (as oxygen), pass poriness diffusion material (as carbon paper) by infiltration, and in catalyst surface generation electrochemical reaction, obtain electronics and form negative ion, this negative ion further combines with the positive ion of coming from the anode tap migration, forms reaction product.
Be fuel with hydrogen, be in the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells of oxygenant (or be oxygenant with the pure oxygen) with the air that contains oxygen, fuel hydrogen loses the catalytic electrochemical reaction of electronics in the anodic site, form hydrogen positive ion (proton), its electro-chemical reaction equations is: H
2→ 2H
++ 2e, oxygen obtain the catalytic electrochemical reaction of electronics in the cathodic area, form negative ion, and this negative ion further combines with the hydrogen positive ion of coming from the anode tap migration, forms reaction product water.Its electro-chemical reaction equations is: 1/2O
2+ 2H
++ 2e → H
2O.
PEM in the fuel cell is except the proton that is used for taking place electrochemical reaction and migration exchange reaction and produces, its effect comprises that also air-flow that will contain fuel hydrogen and the air-flow that contains oxygenant (oxygen) separate, and they can not mixed mutually and produces the explosion type reaction.
In typical Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, membrane electrode generally is placed between the pole plate of two conductions, all offers diversion trench on the two-plate, therefore is called guide plate again.On the surface that diversion trench is opened in membrane electrode contacts, mill formation at quarter by die casting, punching press or machinery, its quantity is at one or more.Guide plate can be made by metal material, also can be made by graphite material.The effect of the diversion trench on the guide plate is anodic site or the cathodic area that fuel or oxygenant is imported the membrane electrode both sides respectively.In the structure of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells monocell, only there are a membrane electrode and two guide plates, two guide plate branches are located at the membrane electrode both sides, a guide plate as anode fuel, another is as the guide plate of cathode oxidant.These two guide plates also are the mechanical support on membrane electrode both sides both as current collector plate.Diversion trench on the guide plate is the passage that fuel or oxygenant enter the male or female surface, also is the exhalant canal that the water that generates in the battery operation process is taken away.
In order to increase the power of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, the composition electric battery that usually mode of two or more monocells by straight folded mode or tiling connected together, or be called battery pile.This electric battery tightens together by front end-plate, end plate and pull bar usually and becomes one.In electric battery, the two sides of the pole plate between two PEMs all is provided with diversion trench, is called bipolar plates.The wherein one side of bipolar plates is as the anode guide face of a membrane electrode, and another side is then as the cathode diversion face of another adjacent membranes electrode.1), the import and the flow-guiding channel of fuel and oxidant gas a typical electric battery also comprises usually:.Its effect is that fuel (as hydrogen, methyl alcohol or the hydrogen-rich gas that obtained after reforming by methyl alcohol, rock gas, gasoline) and oxygenant (mainly being oxygen or air) are distributed in the diversion trench of each anode, cathode plane equably; 2), the import and export and the flow-guiding channel of cooling fluid (as water).Its effect is that cooling fluid is distributed in the cooling duct in each electric battery equably, absorbs the reaction heat that produces in the fuel cell and takes it out of electric battery and dispel the heat; 3), the outlet of fuel and oxidant gas and flow-guiding channel.Its effect is that the unnecessary fuel gas and the oxygenant that do not participate in reaction are discharged, and will react the liquid state of generation or the water of gaseous state simultaneously and take out of.Above-mentioned fuel is imported and exported, oxygenant is imported and exported and the import and export of cooling fluid all are opened on the end plate of fuel cell group usually or be opened in respectively on two end plates.
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells can be used as the power system of delivery vehicles such as car, ship, can be made into portable or fixed electricity generation system again.
Because each pem fuel cell stack module is generally formed by several monocell serial or parallel connections, therefore to operation of fuel cells voltage, particularly all monocell operating voltage detect and monitor particularly important.Because any abnormal conditions of whole fuel cell generation,, exceed normal working temperature etc. and all can show some monocell operating voltage and be in abnormality as excess current.
All photoelectric relays all are directly to drive with monolithic computer switching value pin in the fuel-cell single-cell voltage detecting circuit at present.Monolithic computer powered on moment or exist when being disturbed many group relaies conducting simultaneously short circuits to burn out the problem of photoelectric relay.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is exactly a kind of fuel-cell single-cell voltage detecting circuit that provides for the defective that overcomes above-mentioned prior art existence.
Purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of fuel-cell single-cell voltage detecting circuit, comprise single-chip microcomputer U1, CAN bus interface circuit U3, several photoelectric relay groups U4, bleeder circuit U5, it is characterized in that, also comprise decoding scheme U2, this decoding scheme U2 provides drive signal for photoelectric relay group U4, realize that single-chip microcomputer U1 carries out scanning survey to the voltage of fuel-cell single-cell, described decoding scheme U2 output terminal is connected with each photoelectric relay group U4 input end, the output terminal of several photoelectric relay groups U4 links to each other with fuel-cell single-cell, U5 constitutes voltage detecting circuit with bleeder circuit, and single-chip microcomputer U1 is connected with decoding scheme U2 input end, the control decoder state, U3 is connected with the CAN bus interface circuit, send the fuel-cell single-cell magnitude of voltage to the CAN bus interface circuit, U5 links to each other with bleeder circuit, gathers the fuel-cell single-cell voltage signal.
Described bleeder circuit U5 is made up of several precision resistances.
The photoelectric relay number can two to eight in every group of the described photoelectric relay group.
Described decoding scheme U2 adopts the coding chip combination of standard, or adopts Programmable Logic Device to make or custom chip.
Described decoding scheme U2 drives many group photoelectric relay U4 in turn, and the output port of the driving photoelectric relay of decoder circuit U2 has only one at any one time for electronegative potential, guarantees to have only one group of photoelectric relay gating.
Described single-chip microcomputer U1 has A/D converter and communication interface, have only one group of voltage signal to insert the single-chip simulation amount at every turn and gather port, single-chip microcomputer calculates finishes one group of voltage, control decoding scheme again and switch to next group photoelectric relay, move in circles, measure all fuel-cell single-cell voltages.
Described single-chip microcomputer U1 can adopt LPC2119 ARM chip, and decoding scheme U2 can adopt the 74HC138 chip, and photoelectric relay can adopt AQW210, and divider resistance can adopt the precision resistance of the above precision of per mille.
The present invention has overcome the defective of prior art owing to adopted above technical scheme.Compared with prior art, the present invention has the product reliability height, and it is little to implement difficulty, can improve advantages such as sample rate.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is fuel-cell single-cell voltage detecting circuit figure of the present invention.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the specific embodiments.
Referring to Fig. 1, single battery voltage by a certain fuel battery stack module of being made up of 120 monocells in 50 kilowatts of integrated fuel cell piles detects, in the metering circuit of forming by each group photoelectric relay and bleeder circuit, each input end pin one of organizing photoelectric relay links to each other with coding chip U2 output port K1-K9 respectively, and the input end pin two connects power supply VCC through current-limiting resistance R9.Bleeder circuit U5 contains five branch roads, except that the direct ground connection of article one branch road, all the other every branch road contains two series resistors, every branch road one end ground connection, the output terminal pin 3 of one termination photoelectric relay, fuel battery voltage signal AIN1-AIN4 takes out from two resistance intermediate nodes of every branch road of bleeder circuit U5, send single-chip simulation signals collecting port INPOT1-INPOT4.The output pin 4 of photoelectric relay connects fuel-cell single-cell.
Single-chip microcomputer U1 adopts LPC2119 ARM chip in the present embodiment, and decoding scheme U2 adopts the 74HC13 chip, photoelectric relay M1, M2, M3 ... adopt AQW210, divider resistance R1-R8 adopts the precision resistance of the above precision of per mille.Five photoelectric relays are divided into one group, are divided into eight groups.Each drive signal of organizing photoelectric relay drives by decoding scheme U2, has only one group of photoelectric relay gating at any time, realizes by group sampling successively.
(000000) corresponding decoding output port K1 pin was output as electronegative potential when the state of the output port A5-A0 of single chip circuit U1 was low entirely, K2-K8 is noble potential entirely, when the state of the output port A5-A0 of single chip circuit U1 during for (000001) corresponding decoding output port K2 pin be output as electronegative potential, K1, K3-K8 are noble potential entirely, corresponding decoding output port K8 pin was output as electronegative potential when the state of the output port A5-A0 of single chip circuit U1 was for low (000111) entirely by that analogy, and K1-K7 is noble potential entirely.Corresponding first group of photoelectric relay on-off circuit conducting fuel-cell single-cell FC1, FC2, FC3, FC4 were switched to the end of divider resistance R1, R3, R5, R7 respectively when K1 was electronegative potential, and what the analog quantity port Ain1-Ain4 of single-chip microcomputer U1 was corresponding respectively at this moment is the positive pole of fuel cell FC1, FC2, FC3, FC4.
Below " fuel cell FCn " abbreviation " FCn ", below " analog quantity port Ainn " abbreviation " Ainn ".
The voltage correspondence of Ain1 be the voltage of FC1, the corresponding FC2 of Ain2 with FC1's and, Ain3 corresponding FC3, FC2 and FC1's and, Ain4 correspondence FC4, FC3, FC2 and FC1's and.The voltage of FC1 equals R1 and adds R2 and multiply by Ain1 voltage again divided by R2 again.The voltage of FC2 equals R3 and adds R4 and multiply by the voltage that Ain2 voltage subtracts FC1 more again divided by R4 again.The voltage of FC3 equals R5 and adds R6 and multiply by the voltage that Ain3 voltage subtracts FC2 more again divided by R6 again.The voltage of FC4 equals R7 and adds R8 and multiply by the voltage that Ain4 voltage subtracts FC3 more again divided by R8 again.Scm software can calculate the single battery voltage of FC1, FC2, FC3, FC4.The single battery voltage of FC5, FC6, FC7, FC8 when K2 is electronegative potential.Scan round can be to detecting 32 groups of fuel-cell single-cell voltages.Send out the fuel-cell single-cell magnitude of voltage by CAN bus interface circuit or other communicating circuits; when measuring certain single battery voltage value and be lower than secure setting; single-chip microcomputer sends alerting signal, or is convenient to computer record or other controllers and gathers with the protection fuel cell generation.
Claims (7)
1. fuel-cell single-cell voltage detecting circuit, comprise single-chip microcomputer (U1), CAN bus interface circuit (U3), several photoelectric relay groups (U4), bleeder circuit (US), it is characterized in that, also comprise decoding scheme (U2), this decoding scheme (U2) provide drive signal for photoelectric relay group (U4), realize that single-chip microcomputer (U1) carries out scanning survey to the voltage of fuel-cell single-cell, described decoding scheme (U2) output terminal is connected with each photoelectric relay group (U4) input end, the output terminal of several photoelectric relay groups (U4) links to each other with fuel-cell single-cell, (U5) constitutes voltage detecting circuit with bleeder circuit, and single-chip microcomputer (U1) is connected with decoding scheme (U2) input end, the control decoder state, (U3) is connected with the CAN bus interface circuit, send the fuel-cell single-cell magnitude of voltage to the CAN bus interface circuit, (U5) links to each other with bleeder circuit, gathers the fuel-cell single-cell voltage signal.
2. a kind of fuel-cell single-cell voltage detecting circuit according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described bleeder circuit (U5) is made up of several precision resistances.
3. a kind of fuel-cell single-cell voltage detecting circuit according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the photoelectric relay number can two to eight in every group of the described photoelectric relay group.
4. a kind of fuel-cell single-cell voltage detecting circuit according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described decoding scheme (U2) adopts the coding chip combination of standard, or adopts Programmable Logic Device to make or custom chip.
5. a kind of fuel-cell single-cell voltage detecting circuit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described decoding scheme (U2) drives many group photoelectric relays (U4) in turn, the output port of the driving photoelectric relay of decoder circuit (U2) has only one to be electronegative potential at any one time, guarantees to have only one group of photoelectric relay gating.
6. a kind of fuel-cell single-cell voltage detecting circuit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described single-chip microcomputer (U1) has A/D converter and communication interface, have only one group of voltage signal to insert the single-chip simulation amount at every turn and gather port, single-chip microcomputer calculates finishes one group of voltage, control decoding scheme again and switch to next group photoelectric relay, move in circles, measure all fuel-cell single-cell voltages.
7. a kind of fuel-cell single-cell voltage detecting circuit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described single-chip microcomputer (U1) can adopt the LPC2119ARM chip, decoding scheme (U2) can adopt the 74HC138 chip, photoelectric relay can adopt AQW210, and divider resistance can adopt the precision resistance of the above precision of per mille.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200510111276 CN1979181A (en) | 2005-12-08 | 2005-12-08 | Fuel-cell single-cell voltage detecting circuit |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200510111276 CN1979181A (en) | 2005-12-08 | 2005-12-08 | Fuel-cell single-cell voltage detecting circuit |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1979181A true CN1979181A (en) | 2007-06-13 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200510111276 Pending CN1979181A (en) | 2005-12-08 | 2005-12-08 | Fuel-cell single-cell voltage detecting circuit |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101221222B (en) * | 2007-12-20 | 2011-04-06 | 艾默生网络能源有限公司 | Battery collection instrument and device for preventing collected battery set from short circuit |
| CN101281216B (en) * | 2008-05-28 | 2011-10-12 | 北京中星微电子有限公司 | Voltage measuring circuit using scan mode |
-
2005
- 2005-12-08 CN CN 200510111276 patent/CN1979181A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101221222B (en) * | 2007-12-20 | 2011-04-06 | 艾默生网络能源有限公司 | Battery collection instrument and device for preventing collected battery set from short circuit |
| CN101281216B (en) * | 2008-05-28 | 2011-10-12 | 北京中星微电子有限公司 | Voltage measuring circuit using scan mode |
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Open date: 20070613 |