CN1975282B - 太阳能聚光热电联用系统 - Google Patents
太阳能聚光热电联用系统 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1975282B CN1975282B CN2006101550644A CN200610155064A CN1975282B CN 1975282 B CN1975282 B CN 1975282B CN 2006101550644 A CN2006101550644 A CN 2006101550644A CN 200610155064 A CN200610155064 A CN 200610155064A CN 1975282 B CN1975282 B CN 1975282B
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- 238000006243 chemical reactions Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000011521 glasses Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000010410 layers Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011229 interlayers Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001845 yogo sapphires Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910027243 CuO Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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[C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021393 carbon nanotubes Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/60—Thermal-PV hybrids
Abstract
本发明公开了一种太阳能聚光热电联用系统。它具有聚光板，在聚光板的聚光带位置上设置热电联用装置，热电联用装置具有外隔层玻璃，外隔层玻璃内依次设有真空层、内隔层玻璃、中空腔，中空腔内通光热转换纳米流体，外隔层玻璃下方设太阳能电池板，太阳能电池板下方设冷却管道，冷却管道内通纳米冷却液，热电联用装置的冷却管道连接的低温循环管路上依次设置低温换热器、低温循环泵和低温调节阀；热电联用装置的中空腔连接的高温循环管路上依次设置高温换热器、高温循环泵和高温调节阀。本发明进行光电、光热综合利用，热利用同时光伏转化效率明显提高。聚光技术减少了光伏电池板的使用面积，系统投资大幅降低，具有非常广泛的市场应用前景。
Description
太阳能聚光热电联用系统
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及太阳光热转化、光电转化技术，尤其涉及一种太阳能聚光热电联用(CPVT)系统。
背景技术
[0002] 我国太阳能资源丰富，2/3地区年辐射量大于5020MJ/tf、年日照时数在2200小时
以上，太阳能的开发利用具有极大的潜力。目前，太阳能的利用技术主要有光热转换、光伏
发电、光化学转换等基本方式。光伏发电可以获得高品位的电能产品，但其主要问题是光电
转换效率较低，成本高，对太阳光的波段利用范围较窄。光热转换主要特点是效率高、成本
低，几乎可以对太阳能全波段进行利用，但与光电转换相比，其最普遍的低温利用形式不能
获得高品位能源产品。而光伏发电结合低温光热的集成技术可以对太阳能全波段能量进行
一体化利用，既可以获得高品位电能，又将大大提高太阳能的综合利用效率。
[0003] 国内外对光电、光热的复合研究，已经做了大量理论和实验工作，重点研究了 PV/
T(raOTOVOLTACI/THERMAL)复合系统。该系统由太阳能电池板供电，电池板工作中产生的
热被冷却系统带走以供热水。由于太阳能电池板的光电转换效率随着温度的升高呈线性递
减，因此冷却系统在获得热的同时还可以提高电池板的效率，一般可采用风冷或水冷。理论
研究表明复合的PV/T板总体转换效率可以达到60% _80%，实验结果也表明，在强制流动
和低的入口温度下，PV/T板的光热转换效率已经达到了 60%左右。并且，由于独立的光伏、
光热系统都需要透明玻璃盖和金属支架，因而复合系统更经济、成本更低。
[0004] 纳米技术的研究表明纳米材料在辐射方面存在很多独特的性能。本发明利用把纳
米材料分散在传统换热液体工质中形成复合纳米流体材料，同时使其具备与太阳能电池板
光谱吸收相匹配的光学特性，开辟了应用纳米流体辐射特性进行光电、光热集成技术研究
的新领域。
[0005] 总体上，本发明在已有PV/T研究基础上，结合聚光技术，实现了太阳能光热技术与光电技术的光谱匹配利用，使得对太阳能的全波段转换大于70%。是一项紧紧抓住太阳能全波段范围进行光电、光热转换，集成纳米技术的高效率低成本发明。
发明内容
[0006] 本发明的目的是提供一种太阳能聚光热电联用系统。
[0007] 它具有聚光板，在聚光板的聚光光带位置上设置有热电联用装置，热电联用装置
具有外隔层玻璃，外隔层玻璃内依次设有真空层、内隔层玻璃、中空腔，中空腔内通有光热
转换纳米流体，外隔层玻璃下方设有太阳能电池板，太阳能电池板下方设有冷却管道，冷却
管道内通有纳米冷却液，热电联用装置的冷却管道连接的低温循环管路上依次设置有低温
换热器、低温循环泵和低温调节阀；热电联用装置的中空腔连接的高温循环管路上依次设
置有高温换热器、高温循环泵和高温调节阀。
[0008] 本发明的有益效果
3[0009] 1)全波段利用太阳能辐射：纳米流体吸热工质结合太阳能电池分波段（250nm〜800nm波段、800nm〜2500nm波段）全波长范围内利用太阳能辐射；太阳能辐射能量主要分布在可见光部分和红外部分，且各占了总能量的50%左右，本发明正是针对这两部分能量分别进行了利用，因此是高效全能量区域利用；
[0010] 2)分波段、多形式、高效率利用太阳能的有效辐射：本发明设计的新型结构（如图二 ），采用纳米流体首先吸收红外热量，而透过可见光能量进行光伏发电；这不仅仅是对于太阳能辐射的分波段完整利用，更重要的是通过纳米流体先于太阳能电池板选择吸收红外波段的能量，极大降低了电池板吸收到的热量，不仅大大减少了能量损失，而且很大程度上避免了电池板温度过高导致的转化效率减低的问题；
[0011] 3)太阳能高聚光热、光电利用：本发明利用高性能聚光板对太阳能实现聚光条件下的热电联用；在提高电池光伏转化效率强化光电利用的同时，又保证得到高温热量，实现了优化整体热电联用效果的目的；
[0012] 4)提高品位、降低成本：由于本发明利用了聚光技术，可以得到高温热，和高品位电能，同时大幅度降低光伏电池的使用面积，大大降低光伏发电的系统成本。
附图说明
[0013] 图1是太阳能聚光热电联用系统结构示意图；[0014] 图2(a)是本发明的热电联用装置结构左视图；[0015] 图2(b)是本发明的热电联用装置结构主视图；
[0016] 图中：聚光板1、热电联用装置2、高温循环管路3、低温循环管路4、低温换热器5、高温换热器6、低温循环泵7、高温循环泵8、低温调节阀9、高温调节阀10、冷却管道11、太阳能电池板12、外隔层玻璃13、真空层14、内隔层玻璃15、中空腔16、固定连接架17、支撑架18、纳米冷却液出口 19、光热转换纳米流体出口 20、光热转换纳米流体进口 21、纳米冷却液进口 22。
具体实施方式
[0017] 本发明中太阳辐射经聚光板聚光后投射到热电联用装置上：首先太阳辐射的红外波段能量在光热装化部件中进行热利用得到高温热，而后透射的可见光投射到电池板上进行光电转换，最后冷却管道中的纳米流体对电池板进行冷却回收低温热量。热电联用装置连接的低温循环管路上依次布置低温换热器、低温循环泵和低温调节阀：热电联用装置连接的高温循环管路上依次布置高温换热器、高温循环泵和高温调节阀。
[0018] 所述的光热转换纳米流体是对红外辐射高吸收对可见光高透过的纳米流体，采用的太阳能电池板为单晶硅电池板，冷却管道中流高换热系数的纳米流体冷却液。[0019] 本发明应用聚光技术结合高效光热转化、光电转化技术，采用纳米流体作为吸热工质，利用单晶硅电池进行光电转换。1)纳米流体吸收红外波段（800nm〜2500nm)太阳辐射得到高温热；2)单晶硅电池利用可见光波段（250nm〜800nm)太阳辐射进行光电转换得到电能；3)纳米冷却液冷却单晶硅电池板回收部分热量得到低温热。该发明对太阳辐射进行全波段利用，由于采用聚光技术可以得到高品位热能，同时也提高光伏发电的光电转化效率，使得系统太阳能综合利用效率大大提高。[0020] 该太阳能聚光热电联用系统有聚光板、热电联用装置以及循环管路组成，热电联用装置连接的高温循环管路上依次布置了高温换热器、高温循环泵和高温调节阀，与热电联用装置连接的低温循环管路上依次布置了低温换热器、低温循环泵和低温调节阀。所述的低温换热器与高温换热器整体连接，换热工质首先在低温换热器中预热而后进入高温换热器中换热得到高温热量。
[0021] 所述的太阳能热电联用装置有太阳能光热转化部件、太阳能光电转化部件、太阳能光电转化冷却部件组成。太阳能光热转化部件为方形管道，管道有三层，从外至内依次是外隔层玻璃、真空层、内隔层玻璃。内外隔层玻璃上下表面为单向高透光玻璃，起到增透减少反射损失的作用，内外隔层玻璃的左右侧面为不透光玻璃以减少太阳辐射损失提高太阳辐射利用率。真空层位于内外隔层玻璃之间起到隔热作用减少散热损失。太阳能光热转化部件方形管道内流吸热工质，该工质为纳米流体其特征是对红外能量高吸收而对可见光高透过。
[0022] 太阳能热电联用装置的光电转化部件是单晶硅太阳能电池，单晶硅太阳能电池位于外隔层玻璃下表面下方，为了对透射的可见光能量进行全部利用，单晶硅电池布置成如图2(a)所示的结构。单晶硅电池的基板布置在导热性能好的金属底面上，该金属底面与冷却管道紧密连接，提高散热性能。冷却管道为金属方形管道内部流高换热系数的纳米流体，冷却管道外布置隔热层减少热损失提高热利用效率。
[0023] 该太阳能聚光热电联用系统的工作方式是，在不同的太阳辐射强度下，跟踪太阳的直射辐射能，聚光板聚光后把辐射投射到热电联用装置，该装置完成太阳能光热、光电转化，得到的高温和低温热分别通过高温循环管路和低温循环管路向外提供热源，光伏转换的电能可直接向外界输送电能。在采用聚光技术的条件下，夏季和冬季该太阳能聚光热电联用系统都能较好的工作，保证相对较高的太阳能综合利用效率。
[0024] 本发明分波段多形式全波长范围内利用太阳辐射能，针对太阳辐射能的主要能量段可见光和红外分别进行光电和光热复合利用，结合聚光技术，在可以得到高温热量的同时，使得太阳能光伏转化效率明显提高，太阳能综合利用效率大大提高。同时由于聚光后大大减少了成本较高的光伏电池板的使用面积，使得系统的投资也大幅度降低，有着非常广泛的市场应用前景。
[0025] 如附图所示，太阳能聚光热电联用系统具有聚光板1 ，在聚光板的聚光光带位置上设置有热电联用装置2，热电联用装置具有外隔层玻璃13，外隔层玻璃内依次设有真空层14、内隔层玻璃15、中空腔16，中空腔内通有光热转换纳米流体，外隔层玻璃下方设有太阳能电池板12，太阳能电池板下方设有冷却管道ll，冷却管道内通有纳米冷却液，热电联用装置2的冷却管道11连接的低温循环管路4上依次设置有低温换热器5、低温循环泵7和低温调节阀9 ;热电联用装置2的中空腔连接的高温循环管路3上依次设置有高温换热器6、高温循环泵8和高温调节阀10 ;另外系统还设有固定连接架17、支撑架18。所述的光热转换纳米流体为Si02或A1203纳米流体从光热转换纳米流体进口 21进入，由光热转换纳米流体出口 20流出进入循环管路。纳米冷却液为Si02或A1203或Cu0或碳纳米管纳米流体从纳米冷却液进口 22进入，由纳米冷却液出口 19流出进入循环管路。[0026] 实施例
[0027] 将制备的光热转化纳米流体和纳米流体冷却液分别注入高温循环管路和低温循环管路，调节聚光板跟踪太阳辐射，进行太阳能光电光热转化。
[0028] 太阳辐射投射到聚光板上，聚光板聚光后太阳辐射投射到热电联用装置上，太阳
辐射全波段透过玻璃隔层，光热转换纳米流体吸收红外波段能量得到高温热；同时光热转
化工质高效透过可见光，可见光波段能量通过隔层玻璃下表面全部投射在电池板上进行光
电转换，得到电能；光伏电池板在高聚光比下表面温度逐渐升高，此时开始冷却电池板，纳
米流体冷却液通过冷却管道，降低电池表面温度回收热量，得到低温热。
[0029] 得到的高温热和低温热分别通过高温循环管路和低温循环管路向外界提供热量，
同时光伏电池向外提供电能。
6
Claims (2)
- 一种太阳能聚光热电联用系统，其特征在于，它具有聚光板(1)，在聚光板的聚光光带位置上设置有热电联用装置(2)，热电联用装置具有外隔层玻璃(13)，外隔层玻璃内依次设有真空层(14)、内隔层玻璃(15)、中空腔(16)，中空腔内通有光热转换纳米流体，外隔层玻璃下方设有太阳能电池板(12)，太阳能电池板下方设有冷却管道(11)，冷却管道内通有纳米冷却液，热电联用装置(2)的冷却管道(11)连接的低温循环管路(4)上依次设置有低温换热器(5)、低温循环泵(7)和低温调节阀(9)；热电联用装置(2)的中空腔连接的高温循环管路(3)上依次设置有高温换热器(6)、高温循环泵(8)和高温调节阀(10)，所述的光热转换纳米流体为SiO2或Al2O3纳米流体，纳米冷却液为SiO2或Al2O3或CuO或碳纳米管纳米流体。
- 2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种太阳能聚光热电联用系统，其特征在于，所述的循环管路管壁设有保温材料。
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