CN1966233A

CN1966233A - City domestic refuse plastic sorting process and device

Info

Publication number: CN1966233A
Application number: CNA2005100451331A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 吕传毅; 杨先海
Original assignee: Shandong University of Technology
Current assignee: Shandong University of Technology
Priority date: 2005-11-18
Filing date: 2005-11-18
Publication date: 2007-05-23
Anticipated expiration: 2025-11-18
Also published as: CN100469547C

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for separating the life plastic waste, and relative device, wherein it comprises that: transmitting waste, breaking waste and wind selecting. The invention is characterized in that: the wind selection uses two-stage wind selection, with screening, weight change, as waste transmission, waste breaking, first-stage wind selection, screening, weight change and second-stage wind selection. The light waste, via broken, first-stage wind selection and vibration screen will be transmitted to weight changer, to immerge and squeeze the plastic and paper, to change their specific weight; and the second-stage wind selection will separate them. The invention can effectively separate plastic and paper, with low cost.

Description

City domestic refuse plastic sorting process and device

Affiliated technical field

The invention provides a kind of city domestic refuse plastic sorting process and device, belong to domestic waste sorting recovery technology field.

Technical background

Contain a large amount of recyclable compositions in the rubbish, if comprehensively recycle, complex treatment process not only, number of devices is many, the cost height, but organic efficiency is not high.In recent years, plastics have obtained extensive use with its light weight, intensity height, characteristics such as corrosion-resistant at packaging field.Along with the continuous increase of plastics package output and consumption, the problem of Chu Xianing is that the waste plastic composition increases fast thereupon, and waste plastic causes the phenomenon of " white pollution " more and more serious, and this has become the social focus problem that the public is concerned about.If can recycle in the rubbish these waste plastics and with its resource, can either reduce final quantity of refuse, can recycle resource effectively again, realize garbage harmless, minimizing and recycling treatment.

Summary of the invention

The present invention is according to the high characteristics of the many recovery values of plastic content, provides a kind of plastic components in the house refuse carried out sorting and abandon city domestic refuse plastic sorting process and the device that other content reclaim uneconomical composition less.Its technology contents is:

Comprise rubbish conveying, refuse breaking and selection by winnowing operation, it is characterized in that: the selection by winnowing operation adopts the two-stage selection by winnowing, and set up screening, change heavily, make whole refuse classification operation be followed successively by: rubbish conveying, refuse breaking, one-level selection by winnowing, screening, change weigh and the secondary selection by winnowing.

Described city domestic refuse plastic sorting process, the best wind speed range of one-level selection by winnowing is the 14-16 meter per second, the best wind speed range of secondary selection by winnowing is the 9-11 meter per second.

Realize the city domestic refuse plastic sorting process equipment therefor, comprise conveying device, breaker and pneumatic separation device, the input of the output termination breaker of conveying device wherein, it is characterized in that: pneumatic separation device comprises force one wind screening device and light breeze screening device, and set up vibratory sieve, become refitting and put, the output of breaker connects the vibratory sieve head end through the force one wind screening device, and the end of vibratory sieve connects the light breeze screening device through becoming to reset to put, and obtains the plastics of sorting from rubbish at last.

Described city domestic refuse plastic sorting process equipment therefor, conveying device adopts the middle component conveyer belt of band dividing plate, the below of component conveyer belt output during the feeding end of breaker is undertaken on.

Described city domestic refuse plastic sorting process equipment therefor; breaker comprises the casing of being with feeding hopper; be installed in the power transmission shaft in the casing and be installed in broken cutter on the power transmission shaft by motor-driven; feeding hopper is arranged in the below of component conveyer belt output; set up scraper plate and the one group of overload protection spring that is sleeved on the spring back shaft; its middle scraper is in face of broken cutter; its upper end is hingedly mounted on the wall box that is parallel to power transmission shaft; and be higher than power transmission shaft; its lower end is dentation and conflicts below power transmission shaft is oblique; pass between cog when broken swivel is moving; the middle part, bottom surface of the upper end of spring back shaft and scraper plate is hinged; the carriage that protrudes on the wall box is passed in its lower end; and can come and go slip, when running into hard bulk rubbish, broken swivel is moving through bulk rubbish compressing scraper plate; scraper plate will promote the spring back shaft and outwards slide; after bulk rubbish fell, can conflict again under the effect of spring below power transmission shaft is oblique in the scraper plate lower end, prevent to damage cutter tooth and burn out motor.

Described city domestic refuse plastic sorting process equipment therefor, the force one wind screening device comprises blower fan and heavy ends gatherer, middle component gatherer, wherein the air outlet of blower fan is relative with the heavy ends gatherer, and be communicated with the casing of broken cutter below respectively, heavy ends gatherer bottom is provided with the funnel-form discharging opening, the head end of middle component gatherer is communicated with the end of heavy ends gatherer, the input of component conveyer belt during its outlet at bottom leads to, the end of middle component gatherer leads to the head end of vibratory sieve, resemble metal like this, some heavy materials such as inorganic matter just take the lead in falling into the heavy ends gatherer, collect the back landfill, some mix the organic components of partly plastic and paper, through in the outlet of component gatherer bottom lead in the component conveyer belt deliver to the feeding hopper of breaker, carry out also selection by winnowing once more of fragmentation, the light component material directly enters vibratory sieve.

Described city domestic refuse plastic sorting process equipment therefor, becoming resets to put comprises the light component conveyer belt of being with dividing plate, the immersion device, squeezing water and aeration apparatus, the end of the input termination vibratory sieve of wherein light component conveyer belt, the immersion device comprises the pond of cross section semicircular in shape and is rotated along trunnion axis by driven by motor, four that are installed in the centre, pond are dragged for flitch, drag for and be evenly equipped with aperture on the flitch, adjacent dragging for becomes 90 degree angles to install between the flitch, the radius of gyration that drags for flitch is slightly less than the degree of depth in pond, the feed end in pond is arranged in the below of component conveyer belt output, squeezing water comprises respectively porose push pedal and the baffle plate by Driven by Hydraulic Cylinder, wherein porose push pedal is square, the length of side is slightly less than the radius of gyration that drags for flitch, by water squeezing Driven by Hydraulic Cylinder horizontal back and forth movement in the first quartile that drags for the coordinate system that the flitch end face constitutes by four, porose push pedal was not positioned at an end in pond when the water squeezing hydraulic cylinder was not worked, corresponding to porose push pedal, the other end in semicircular in shape cross section, pond is provided with baffle plate, baffle plate is and horizontal back and forth movement vertical with the direction of motion of porose push pedal by the baffle plate Driven by Hydraulic Cylinder, the below of baffle plate is provided with the return flume that is communicated with the pond, the arranged outside of next-door neighbour's baffle plate has aeration apparatus, the rectangular box that comprises open top, the diffusingization power transmission shaft in the casing of being installed in by driven by motor, spiral is distributed in the loose tooth on the diffusingization power transmission shaft and is installed in the pecten that is parallel in the casing on the diffusingization power transmission shaft two side, wherein casing is provided with gap near the sidewall upper of baffle plate, the bottom of gap is a little less than the bottom of porose push pedal, and pecten cooperates with loose tooth.After therefrom component conveyer belt output is poured rubbish immersion in the pond into, pick up from water by dragging for flitch, during pressing materials, baffle plate maintains static, porose push pedal 24 is pushed baffle plate at following rubbish that drags for flitch of Driven by Hydraulic Cylinder, between porose push pedal and baffle plate, push, extrude the moisture in the rubbish, extruding finishes, the hydraulic cylinder that is connected with baffle plate is extracted baffle plate out, material after the extruding continues to be pushed in the uncovered rectangular box of sidewall by porose push pedal, cooperates it is loose by loose tooth and pecten.

Described city domestic refuse plastic sorting process equipment therefor, the light breeze screening device comprises blower fan and heavy ends gatherer, plastic collector, wherein the air outlet of blower fan is relative with the heavy ends gatherer, and be communicated with casing respectively, heavy ends gatherer bottom is provided with the funnel-form discharging opening, the head end of plastic collector is communicated with the end of heavy ends gatherer, its outlet at bottom leads to plastics collection box, rubbish after loose is by the blower fan selection by winnowing, heavy material falls into the heavy ends gatherer, and light plastics are collected in plastic collector.

Its operation principle is: the house refuse of collecting drops into breaker through feeding mouth, and the power transmission shaft rotation of breaker drives broken cutter and rotates, and with the bagged garbage fragmentation, finishes first technological process of separating plastic; Rubbish after the pulverizing is divided into three districts under fan action---heavy ends, middle component and light component, the reorganization subregion comprises heavy materials such as metal, inorganic matter, direct landfill, middle component district mainly is an organic components, wherein also mix partly plastic and paper, through in the outlet of component gatherer is connected with middle component conveyer belt input, the component conveyer belt is transported to the breaker feeding hopper and carries out selection by winnowing once more in the warp, makes that the content of plastics and paper further reduces in the middle component; The light component material directly enters vibratory sieve, and the chip under the screening of vibratory sieve in the light component is separated, and remainder enters the pond and becomes the heavy industry preface under the conveying of light component conveyer belt.Light materials such as plastics and paper is transported to soak vat, after soaking certain hour, by with holes drag for flitch will soak the back material from water, pick up, during extrusion dehydration, baffle plate maintains static, and the water squeezing hydraulic cylinder drives push pedal and baffle plate pressing materials, and extruding finishes, the baffle plate hydraulic cylinder that is connected with baffle plate is extracted baffle plate out, and the material after the Driven by Hydraulic Cylinder push pedal will be pushed pushes aeration apparatus and carries out loose and selection by winnowing once more.Because the difference on plastics and the paper water imbibition, through change heavily handle after the proportion of paper will be far longer than plastics, therefore can be with the two effective separation through selection by winnowing once more, thus finish the optimization sorting of plastics in the house refuse.

The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages:

1, breaker has the rubbish of preventing winding, rubbish is crossed fragmentation and had the yielding defencive function, can realize first technological process of refuse classification is finished in the effect of life bagged garbage selective crushing.

2, the waste or used plastics in the domestic waste is carried out the new method of " selection by winnowing that selection by winnowing---becomes heavy---", " the becoming heavy technology " that proposes efficiently solves the separation problem of the close composition of proportion in the light materials, and this is the key technology that improves the refuse classification rate and reduce the refuse classification equipment cost.

3, the level of the one-level selection by winnowing blower fan best wind speed range of blowing is the 14-16 meter per second, and the inclination angle is the best with 14 degree when being inclined upwardly air-supply, and best wind speed range at this moment is the 9-11 meter per second, effectively reduces the manufacturing cost of power of fan and whole equipment.

4, a whole set of city domestic refuse plastic separation system is reliability and durability, separating plastic rate height, and small investment can be brought good economic benefit and environmental benefit for society.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of illustrated embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a vertical view embodiment illustrated in fig. 1;

Fig. 3 be embodiment illustrated in fig. 1 in rubbish carry A with the refuse breaking part to view;

Fig. 4 be embodiment illustrated in fig. 1 in the B of immersion device, squeezing water, aeration apparatus and secondary selection by winnowing blower fan to view.

The specific embodiment

1; middle component conveyer belt 2; 4; 7; 18; 20; 29 motors 3; vibratory sieve 5; feeding hopper 6; casing 8; power transmission shaft 9; broken cutter 10; scraper plate 11; spring back shaft 12; overload protection spring 13; carriage 14; 33 blower fans 15; heavy ends gatherer 16; middle component gatherer 17; light component conveyer belt 19; pond 21; trunnion axis 22; drag for flitch 23; porose push pedal 24; baffle plate 25; water squeezing hydraulic cylinder 26; baffle plate hydraulic cylinder 27; return flume 28; casing 30; power transmission shaft 31; loose tooth 32; pecten 34; heavy ends gatherer 35; plastic collector 36; support 37; hydraulic power station

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1～4: the municipal refuse of collection flows to disintegrating machine by the middle component conveyer belt 1 of band dividing plate earlier, the below of component conveyer belt 1 output during disintegrating machine feeding hopper 5 is undertaken on, the power transmission shaft 8 and the broken cutter 9 that is installed on the power transmission shaft 8 that are driven running by motor 7 are installed in the casing 6 of disintegrating machine, scraper plate 10 is hingedly mounted on casing 6 sidewalls that are parallel to power transmission shaft 8 in face of broken cutter 9 its upper ends, and be higher than power transmission shaft 8, its lower end be dentation conflict power transmission shaft 8 tiltedly below, when rotating, passes by broken cutter 9 between cog, the middle part, bottom surface that is set with the upper end of spring back shaft 11 of overload protection spring 12 and scraper plate 10 is hinged, the carriage 13 that protrudes on casing 6 sidewalls is passed in its lower end, and can come and go slip; The air outlet of blower fan 14 is relative with heavy ends gatherer 15, and be communicated with the casing 6 of broken cutter 9 belows respectively, heavy ends gatherer 15 bottoms are provided with the funnel-form discharging opening, the head end of middle component gatherer 16 is communicated with the end of heavy ends gatherer 15, the input of component conveyer belt 1 during its outlet at bottom leads to, the end of middle component gatherer 16 leads to the head end of vibratory sieve 3, resemble metal like this, some heavy materials such as inorganic matter just take the lead in falling into heavy ends gatherer 15, emergency burial, some mix the organic components of partly plastic and paper, component conveyer belt 1 was delivered to the feeding hopper 5 of breaker during the outlet of component gatherer 16 bottoms was led in the warp, carry out fragmentation and selection by winnowing once more, the light component material directly enters vibratory sieve 3; The end of vibratory sieve 3 connects the input of light component conveyer belt 17, pond 19 is undertaken on the output of light component conveyer belt 17, pond 19 cross section semicirculars in shape, the trunnion axis 21 that is driven running by motor 20 is installed in the middle of it, be fixed with four on the trunnion axis 21 and drag for flitch 22, drag on the flitch 22 and be evenly equipped with aperture, adjacent dragging for becomes 90 degree angles to install between the flitch 22, the radius of gyration that drags for flitch 22 is slightly less than the degree of depth in pond 19, the feed end in pond 19 is arranged in the below of component conveyer belt 17 outputs, squeezing water comprises respectively porose push pedal 23 and the baffle plate 24 by Driven by Hydraulic Cylinder, wherein porose push pedal 23 is square, the length of side is slightly less than the radius of gyration that drags for flitch 22, drive horizontal back and forth movement in the first quartile that drags for the coordinate system that flitch 22 end faces constitute by four by water squeezing hydraulic cylinder 25, porose push pedal 23 was not positioned at an end in pond 19 when water squeezing hydraulic cylinder 25 was not worked, corresponding to porose push pedal 23, the other end in 19 semicircular in shape cross sections, pond is provided with baffle plate 24, baffle plate 24 drives and horizontal back and forth movement vertical with the direction of motion of porose push pedal 23 by baffle plate hydraulic cylinder 26, the below of baffle plate 24 is provided with the return flume 27 that is communicated with pond 19, the arranged outside of next-door neighbour's baffle plate 24 has aeration apparatus, the rectangular box 28 that comprises open top, be installed in diffusingization power transmission shaft 30 in the casing 28 by what motor 29 drove, spiral is distributed in the loose tooth 31 that diffusingization power transmission shaft adds and is installed in the pecten 32 that is parallel in the casing 28 on diffusingization power transmission shaft 30 two sides, wherein casing 28 is provided with gap near the sidewall upper of baffle plate 24, the bottom of gap is a little less than the bottom of porose push pedal 23, and pecten 32 cooperates with loose tooth 31; The air outlet of blower fan 33 is relative with heavy ends gatherer 34, and be communicated with casing 28 respectively, heavy ends gatherer 34 bottoms are provided with the funnel-form discharging opening, the head end of plastic collector 35 is communicated with the end of heavy ends gatherer 34, its outlet at bottom leads to plastics collection box, and the rubbish after loose is by blower fan 33 selection by winnowing, and heavy material falls into heavy ends gatherer 34, light plastics are collected in plastic collector 35, finally realize the separating plastic of municipal refuse.

In the course of the work, best wind speed 15 meter per seconds that one-level selection by winnowing blower fan 14 provides, the best wind speed that secondary selection by winnowing blower fan 33 provides is 10 meter per seconds.

Claims

1, a kind of city domestic refuse plastic sorting process, comprise rubbish conveying, refuse breaking and selection by winnowing operation, it is characterized in that: the selection by winnowing operation adopts the two-stage selection by winnowing, and set up screening, change heavily, make whole refuse classification operation be followed successively by: rubbish conveying, refuse breaking, one-level selection by winnowing, screening, change weigh and the secondary selection by winnowing.

2, city domestic refuse plastic sorting process as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the best wind speed range of one-level selection by winnowing is the 14-16 meter per second, and the best wind speed range of secondary selection by winnowing is the 9-11 meter per second.

3, realize city domestic refuse plastic sorting process equipment therefor as claimed in claim 1, comprise conveying device, breaker and pneumatic separation device, the input of the output termination breaker of conveying device wherein, it is characterized in that: pneumatic separation device comprises force one wind screening device and light breeze screening device, and set up vibratory sieve (3), become refitting and put, the output of breaker connects the vibratory sieve head end through the force one wind screening device, the end of vibratory sieve connects the light breeze screening device through becoming to reset to put, and obtains the plastics of sorting from rubbish at last.

4, city domestic refuse plastic sorting process equipment therefor as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: conveying device adopts the middle component conveyer belt (1) of band dividing plate, the below of component conveyer belt (1) output during the feeding end of breaker is undertaken on.

5; city domestic refuse plastic sorting process equipment therefor as claimed in claim 3; it is characterized in that: breaker comprises the casing (6) of band feeding hopper (5); by motor (7) drive installation in casing (6) power transmission shaft (8) and be installed in broken cutter (9) on the power transmission shaft (8); feeding hopper (5) is arranged in the below of component conveyer belt (1) output; set up scraper plate (10) and be sleeved on one group of overload protection spring (12) on the spring back shaft (11); its middle scraper (10) is in face of broken cutter (9); its upper end is hingedly mounted on casing (6) sidewall that is parallel to power transmission shaft (8); and be higher than power transmission shaft (8); its lower end is dentation and conflicts in the oblique below of power transmission shaft (8); when rotating, passes by broken cutter (9) between cog; the middle part, bottom surface of the upper end of spring back shaft (11) and scraper plate (10) is hinged; the carriage (13) that protrudes on casing (6) sidewall is passed in its lower end, and can come and go slip.

6, city domestic refuse plastic sorting process equipment therefor as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: the force one wind screening device comprises blower fan (14) and heavy ends gatherer (15), middle component gatherer (16), wherein the air outlet of blower fan (14) is relative with heavy ends gatherer (15), and be communicated with the casing (6) of broken cutter (9) below respectively, heavy ends gatherer (15) bottom is provided with the funnel-form discharging opening, the head end of middle component gatherer (16) is communicated with the end of heavy ends gatherers (15), the input of component conveyer belt (1) during its outlet at bottom leads to, the head end that the end of middle component gatherer (16) leads to vibratory sieve (3).

7, city domestic refuse plastic sorting process equipment therefor as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: described change refitting is put and is comprised the light component conveyer belt (17) of being with dividing plate, the immersion device, squeezing water and aeration apparatus, the end of the input termination vibratory sieve (3) of wherein light component conveyer belt (17), the immersion device comprises the pond (19) of cross section semicircular in shape and is rotated along trunnion axis (21) by motor (20) drive, four that are installed in centre, pond (19) are dragged for flitch (22), drag on the flitch (22) and be evenly equipped with aperture, adjacent dragging for becomes 90 degree angles to install between the flitch (22), the radius of gyration that drags for flitch (22) is slightly less than the degree of depth of pond (19), the feed end in pond (19) is arranged in the below of component conveyer belt (17) output, squeezing water comprises respectively porose push pedal (23) and the baffle plate (24) by Driven by Hydraulic Cylinder, wherein porose push pedal (23) is square, the length of side is slightly less than the radius of gyration that drags for flitch (22), drive horizontal back and forth movement in the first quartile of the coordinate system that drags for flitch (22) end face formation by four by water squeezing hydraulic cylinder (25), water squeezing hydraulic cylinder (25) when not working porose push pedal (23) be positioned at the end in pond (19), corresponding to porose push pedal (23), the other end in semicircular in shape cross section, pond (19) is provided with baffle plate (24), baffle plate (24) drives and horizontal back and forth movement vertical with the direction of motion of porose push pedal (23) by baffle plate hydraulic cylinder (26), the below of baffle plate (24) is provided with the return flume (27) that is communicated with pond (19), the arranged outside of next-door neighbour's baffle plate (24) has aeration apparatus, the rectangular box (28) that comprises open top, be installed in diffusingization power transmission shaft (30) in the casing (28) by what motor (29) drove, spiral is distributed in the loose tooth (31) on the diffusingization power transmission shaft (30) and is installed in the pecten (32) that is parallel in the casing (28) on the ancient piece of jade, round, flat and with a hole in its centre of diffusingization power transmission shaft (30) both sides, wherein casing (28) is provided with gap near the sidewall upper of baffle plate (24), the bottom of gap is a little less than the bottom of porose push pedal (23), and pecten (32) cooperates with loose tooth (31).

8, city domestic refuse plastic sorting process equipment therefor as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: the light breeze screening device comprises blower fan (33) and heavy ends gatherer (34), plastic collector (35), wherein the air outlet of blower fan (33) is relative with heavy ends gatherer (34), and be communicated with casing (28) respectively, heavy ends gatherer (34) bottom is provided with the funnel-form discharging opening, the head end of plastic collector (35) is communicated with the end of heavy ends gatherers (34), and its outlet at bottom leads to plastics collection box.