CN1930301A - Methods for identifying proteins with starch phosphorylating enzymatic activity - Google Patents

Methods for identifying proteins with starch phosphorylating enzymatic activity Download PDF

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CN1930301A
CN1930301A CNA2005800069627A CN200580006962A CN1930301A CN 1930301 A CN1930301 A CN 1930301A CN A2005800069627 A CNA2005800069627 A CN A2005800069627A CN 200580006962 A CN200580006962 A CN 200580006962A CN 1930301 A CN1930301 A CN 1930301A
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protein
leu
starch
ser
glu
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CN1930301B (en
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C·弗罗贝格
O·克廷
G·里特
M·施托伊普
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Bayer Technology Services GmbH
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
    • C12N9/10—Transferases (2.)
    • C12N9/12—Transferases (2.) transferring phosphorus containing groups, e.g. kinases (2.7)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
    • C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
    • C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
    • C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
    • C12N15/82—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for plant cells, e.g. plant artificial chromosomes (PACs)
    • C12N15/8241—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology
    • C12N15/8242—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with non-agronomic quality (output) traits, e.g. for industrial processing; Value added, non-agronomic traits
    • C12N15/8243—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with non-agronomic quality (output) traits, e.g. for industrial processing; Value added, non-agronomic traits involving biosynthetic or metabolic pathways, i.e. metabolic engineering, e.g. nicotine, caffeine
    • C12N15/8245—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with non-agronomic quality (output) traits, e.g. for industrial processing; Value added, non-agronomic traits involving biosynthetic or metabolic pathways, i.e. metabolic engineering, e.g. nicotine, caffeine involving modified carbohydrate or sugar alcohol metabolism, e.g. starch biosynthesis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/48—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving transferase
    • C12Q1/485—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving transferase involving kinase
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
    • G01N33/573—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for enzymes or isoenzymes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2400/00—Assays, e.g. immunoassays or enzyme assays, involving carbohydrates
    • G01N2400/10—Polysaccharides, i.e. having more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic linkages; Derivatives thereof, e.g. ethers, esters
    • G01N2400/12—Homoglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar
    • G01N2400/14—Homoglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar alpha-D-Glucans, i.e. having alpha 1,n (n=3,4,6) linkages between saccharide units, e.g. pullulan
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2500/00—Screening for compounds of potential therapeutic value
    • G01N2500/04—Screening involving studying the effect of compounds C directly on molecule A (e.g. C are potential ligands for a receptor A, or potential substrates for an enzyme A)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for identifying proteins involved in the phosphorylation of starch and nucleic acids which code for such proteins. The present invention further relates to plant cells and plants which exhibit an altered activity of a protein which can be identified using the method according to the invention. Plant cells and plants of this type synthesise a modified starch. The present invention therefore also relates to the starch synthesised by the plant cells and plants according to the invention as well as to methods for the manufacture of this starch and to the manufacture of starch derivatives of this modified starch.

Description

Evaluation has the method for protein of starch phosphorylating enzymatic activity
The present invention relates to identify the method for starch phosphorylation related protein and coding nucleic acid thereof.The invention still further relates to protein active enhanced vegetable cell and plant, described protein can be identified with method of the present invention.The starch of this type of vegetable cell and phytosynthesis modification.Therefore, the invention still further relates to starch by vegetable cell of the present invention and phytosynthesis, and the method for preparing this starch; Also relate to the starch derivative for preparing this treated starch.
Current, the plant constituent of originating as renewable starting material to be paid attention to day by day, one of task of biotechnology research is to make great efforts to make these material of vegetable origins to satisfy the requirement of processing industry.In addition, can be used for Application Areas as much as possible, be necessary to obtain a variety of materials in order to make the regenerated starting material.
Polysaccharide starch is made up of chemically consistent basal component glucose molecule, but constitutes the compounding mixture with differing molecular form, and described mixture is all variant on polymerization and branch degree, thereby physics-chem characteristic to each other also has a great difference.Have difference between amylose starch and the amylopectin, the former is by α-1, the unbranched substantially polymkeric substance that the glucose unit that the 4-glycosidic link connects is formed; The latter then is a branched polymer, and wherein by other α-1, the 6-glycosidic link forms side chain.Another essential distinction between amylose starch and the amylopectin is molecular weight.According to the source of starch, the molecular weight of amylose starch is 5 * 10 5～10 6Da, the molecular weight of amylopectin then is in 10 7～10 8Between the Da.These two kinds of macromole can be distinguished with different physics-chem characteristics by their molecular weight, and the easiest their the different iodine binding characteristics that sees of its different physics-chem characteristic.
Think that always amylose starch is by α-1, the linear polymer that the alpha-D-glucose monomer that the 4-glycosidic link connects is formed.Yet wherein there is α-1 in recent studies show that, 6-glucosides tapping point (about 0.1%) (Hizukuri and Takagi, Carbohydr.Res.134, (1984), 1-10; People such as Takeda, Carbohydr.Res.132, (1984), 83-92).
The functional character of starch (as solubleness, aging behavior, water binding ability, film forming characteristics, viscosity, gelatinization characteristic, freeze-thaw stability, acid acceptance, gel-strength and starch granules size etc.) is subjected to the influence of amylose starch/amylopectin ratios, molecular weight, side chain distribution pattern, ionic strength, lipid and protein content, average starch granules size, starch granules form etc.The functional character of starch also is subjected to non-carbon component wherein---the influence of phosphate ester content.Need distinguish with monoester form phosphoric acid ester covalently bound (starch-phosphate (starchphosphate) hereinafter referred to as) and the phosphoric acid ester that links to each other with starch with phospholipid form with the starch glucose molecule herein.Except the content of phosphoric acid ester, in this case, the functional character of starch also be subjected to the appearance form (starch-phosphate or phosphatide) of phosphoric acid ester in starch influence (people such as Jane, 1996, Cereal Foods World 41 (11), 827-832).
The content of starch-phosphate is difference with the difference of plant species system.Therefore, as the starch (Glutinous Semen Maydis 0.002%, amylomaize 0.013%) of some maize mutant body synthetic starch phosphate ester content rising, and the corn of general type only contains the starch-phosphate of trace.Equally, contain a spot of starch-phosphate (0.001%) in the wheat, then detect in oat and the Chinese sorghum less than starch-phosphate.Compare with traditional seed rice system (0.013%), equally also contain starch-phosphate (glutinous rice 0.003%) still less in the rice mutant.In the synthetic plant of stem tuber or root storage strach, can detect a large amount of starch-phosphates, as cassava (0.008%), sweet potato (0.011%), arrowroot (0.021%) or potato (0.89%).The percent value of the starch phosphate ester content of above quoting all represents with each routine starch dry weight, by people such as Jane determine (1996, Cereal Foods World 41 (11), 827-832).
Starch-phosphate can appear at the form of monoesters C-2, the C-3 of polymerization glucose monomer or C-6 position (Takeda and Hizukuri, 1971, Starch/St  rke 23,267-272).The phosphoric acid ester of starch-phosphate distributes and generally can followingly differentiate in the phytosynthesis starch, the covalently bound C-3 position of promptly about 30% to 40% phosphoric acid ester residue to glucose molecule, and about 60% to 70% phosphoric acid ester residue covalently bound to the C-6 position (people such as Blennow, 2000, Int.J.of Biological Macromolecules27,211-218).People such as Blennow (2000, Carbohydrate Polymers 41,163-174) determined to be connected in the multiple starch content of the starch-phosphate on the glucose molecule C-6 position, the starch (every milligram 1.8 to 63nMol), tapioca (flour) (every milligram of 2.5nMol), rice starch (every milligram of 1.0nMol), green starch (every milligram of 3.5nMol) and the sorghum starch (every milligram of 0.9nMol) that belong to of yam starch (according to the kind difference, between every milligram of starch 7.8 to 33.5nMol), multiple turmeric (Curcuma) for example.These authors still fail in the starch of barley starch and different Glutinous Semen Maydis mutant to find the starch-phosphate on any C-6 of being connected to position.Can't between the genotype of plant and starch phosphate ester content thereof, set up up to now contact (people such as Jane, 1996, Cereal Foods World 41 (11), 827-832).Therefore, the present starch phosphate ester content that also can not influence in the plant by the means of breeding.
The content of starch-phosphate has nothing in common with each other in the storage strach of transgenic plant.Therefore, compare with the starch of corresponding wild type plant, soluble starch synthase (sss) III (people such as Abel, 1996, The PlantJournal 10 (6), 9891-991), q enzyme I (BEI) (people such as Safford, 1998, CarbohydratePolymers 35,155-68), q enzyme II (BEII) (people such as Jobling, 1999, The PlantJournal 18,163-171), BEI and BEII (people such as Schwall, 2000, NatureBiotechnology 18,551-554), the starch phosphate ester content increases in the storage strach of the active potato plants that reduces of dismutase (WO 9627673) or dismutase and BEI (WO95 07355).Yet the change of starch phosphate ester content is not by due to the protein of wherein active reduction in these plants, and described protein is participated in directly and introduce the phosphoric acid ester residue in starch.Therefore, the raising of starch phosphate ester content is not a former effect in the relevant transgenic plant, but because the respective egg white matter reduces the secondary effect that is caused.Changing described activity of proteins causes the reason of starch phosphate ester content raising not clear at present.Therefore, can not be by modifying the content that the protein active that can only Secondary cases influence the starch phosphate ester content comes specificity change starch-phosphate.In addition, when the modification Secondary cases influences the protein active of starch phosphate ester content in the plant, also starch can be modified further, for example, the change of the ratio of amylose starch/amylopectin and/or amylopectin side chain lengths, these have constituted former the effect that this type of protein active changes.
Past has only been described a kind of protein that covalent linkage forms between phosphate residue and starch glucose molecule that mediates.This protein is commonly called R1 in scientific literature, (people such as Lorberth links to each other with the starch granules of potato tuber storage strach, 1998, Nature Biotechnology 16,473-477), and have an enzymic activity (E.C.02.07.09.4) of the two kinases (alpha-glucan water dikinase) of alpha-glucan water.In the catalytic reaction by R1, educt α-1,4-dextran (starch), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and water are converted into product dextran phosphoric acid (phosphorylated starch (phosphorylated starch)), a phosphoric acid and adenylic acid.Wherein, the γ of ATP-phosphoric acid ester residue is transferred feedwater, and the β of ATP-phosphoric acid ester residue is then transferred to dextran (starch).R1 can transfer to α-1 with β-phosphoric acid ester residue of ATP external, on the C-6 of the glucose molecule of 4-dextran and the C-3 position.The C-6 phosphoric acid ester that vitro reactions obtains consistent with the ratio of C-3 phosphoric acid ester with isolating starch proportion in the plant (people such as Ritte, 2002, PNAS 99,7166-7171).Because about 70% starch-phosphate is connected in the C-6 position of starch glucose monomer in the yam starch, and about 30% be connected in the C-3 position; This just means the C-6 position of R1 preferably phosphoric acid esterification glucose molecule.Use the corn amylopectin to show in addition, R1 can also Phosphation still contain the α-1 of covalently bound phosphoric acid ester, and the 4-dextran (people such as Ritte, 2002, PNAS 99, and 7166-7171), promptly R1 can be at α-1, from the beginning introduces phosphoric acid ester in the 4-dextran.
Contain structural domain in the aminoacid sequence of R1, the two kinases (PPS structural domain) of two kinases (PPDK structural domain) of described structural domain and known pyruvate phosphate and known acetone sour water have high homology, and contain histidine residues conservative in PPDK and PPS structural domain.Be transferred to α-1 at phosphoric acid ester residue with ATP, in the process of 4-dextran (starch), form Phosphation R1 protein as intermediate product, its contain with PPDK or PPS structural domain in the covalently bound phosphoric acid ester residue of conservative histidine residues (people such as Mikkelsen, 2004, Biochemical Journal 377,525-532).
Coding R1 nucleic acid sequences to proteins and corresponding amino acid sequence in a plurality of kinds of systems described, for example potato (WO 97 11188, GenBank Acc.:AY027522, Y09533), (WO 00 77229 for wheat, US 6,462,256, GenBank Acc.:AAN93923, GenBank Acc.:AR236165), rice (GenBank Acc.:AAR61445, GenBank Acc.:AR400814), corn (GenBank Acc.:AAR61444, GenBank Acc.:AR400813), soybean (GenBankAcc.:AAR61446, GenBank Acc.:AR400815), citrus (GenBank Acc.:AY094062) and Arabidopis thaliana (GenBank Acc.:AF312027).
Described among the WO 02 34923 owing to crossing expression potato R1 gene and caused R1 protein active enhanced wheat plant.Compare less than the corresponding wild-type plant of starch-phosphate with detection, the starch of these phytosynthesis has a large amount of starch-phosphates on glucose molecule C-6 position.
Covalently bound phosphate-based reaction is introduced in other catalysis in starch protein is not described at present as yet.Also indeterminately preferably on the C-3 position of the glucose molecule of starch and/or C-2 position, introduce phosphate-based enzyme.Therefore, in improving plant the starch phosphate ester content, do not have what available method can influence specifically plant amylum Phosphation, change the distribution of phosphoric acid ester in the starch of phytosynthesis and/or further improve the content of starch-phosphate.
Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide the ways and means of preparation plant, described plant can synthetic phosphoric acid ester content be improved and/or treated starch that phosphoric acid ester distributes and changes, also is to provide the vegetable cell and/or the plant of synthetic this treated starch.
Embodiment in the visible claims of the solution of this problem.
Therefore, the present invention relates to identify to Phosphation α-1, the 4-dextran in conjunction with specific activity to non-Phosphation α-1, the method for protein in conjunction with increased activity of 4-dextran, wherein
A) in prepared product separated from one another with protein extract and following material incubation
I Phosphation α-1, the 4-dextran.With
The non-Phosphation α-1 of ii, the 4-dextran,
B) specific combination in
Phosphation α-1 among the i step a) i, 4-proteglycan matter and
The non-Phosphation α-1 of ii specific combination in step a) ii, the protein of 4-dextran is dissolved in the prepared product separated from one another, and
C) identification of protein, used Phosphation α-1 among described protein and the step b) i, the 4-dextran in conjunction with active with respect to used non-Phosphation α-1 among itself and the step b) ii, the 4-dextran in conjunction with increased activity.
The present invention is used for identifying to Phosphation α-1, the 4-dextran in conjunction with specific activity to non-phosphorylating α-1, in another embodiment of 4-dextran, described with it in conjunction with active higher phosphorylation α-1 in conjunction with the method for protein of increased activity, the 4-dextran is a starch, preferred particulates starch.
The present invention is used for identifying with respect to non-phosphorylating α-1, the 4-dextran, to phosphorylation α-1, another embodiment in conjunction with the method for protein of increased activity of 4-dextran relates to identification of protein, the molecular weight of its aminoacid sequence is 120kDa to 145kDa, preferred 120kDa to 140kDa, especially preferred 125kDa to 140kDa, preferred especially 130kDa to 135kDa.
In another embodiment, method of the present invention relates to evaluation with respect to non-phosphorylating α-1, and the 4-dextran is to phosphorylation α-1, the protein in conjunction with increased activity of 4-dextran, wherein to phosphorylation α-1, the 4-dextran in conjunction with active with its to non-phosphorylating α-1, the comparing of 4-dextran in conjunction with activity, improve at least 3 times, preferably at least 4 times, especially preferably at least 5 times, and especially preferably at least 6 times.
Can be by determining to be incorporated into phosphorylation α-1 as immunological method, 4-dextran or non-phosphorylating α-1, the proteinic amount of 4-dextran is as Western engram analysis, ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) or RIA (radioimmunoassay).
Preparation can be conventionally known to one of skill in the artly (for example to see Lottspeich and Zorbas (writing) with the method for the antibody of a certain protein specific reaction (can combine with described protein-specific), 1998, Bioanalytik, Spektrum akad, Verlag, Heidelberg, Berlin, ISBN3-8274-0041-4).Some companies can provide the preparation of this antibody-like (as Eurogentec, Belgium) with protocol service.Preparation can be described in hereinafter (seeing embodiment 11) with one of possible method of the antibody of protein specific of the present invention reaction.
Relatively implementing the present invention is used for identifying with respect to non-phosphorylating α-1, the 4-dextran, to phosphorylation α-1, the dissolved phosphorylation α-1 in conjunction with the method for protein gained of increased activity of 4-dextran, the dissolved non-phosphorylating α-1 of 4-glucan-binding protein matter and gained, 4-glucan-binding protein matter can be identified phosphorylation α-1, the 4-dextran in conjunction with specific activity to non-phosphorylating α-1, the 4-dextran is in conjunction with the protein of increased activity.
Be used for identifying with respect to non-phosphorylating α-1 in the present invention, the 4-dextran, to phosphorylation α-1, in another embodiment of 4-dextran in conjunction with the method for protein of increased activity, will be according to step a) i incubation protein extract and phosphorylation α-1, the phosphorylation α-1 of 4-dextran gained, 4-proteglycan matter complex body, and according to step a) ii incubation protein extract and non-phosphorylating α-1, the non-phosphorylating α-1 of 4-dextran gained, 4-proteglycan matter complex body never with relevant α-1, separates in the 4-dextran bonded protein.Wherein, after step a) i or step a) ii, separate corresponding each incubation solution respectively.
Be used for identifying with respect to non-phosphorylating α-1 in the present invention, the 4-dextran, to phosphorylation α-1, in another embodiment of 4-dextran in conjunction with the method for protein of increased activity, with the α-1 that uses among the solubilising protein of step b) i or step b) ii and the inventive method step a) i or the step a) ii, the 4-dextran is separated.
Be used for identifying with respect to non-phosphorylating α-1 that the 4-dextran to phosphorylation α-1, in the method for protein in conjunction with increased activity of 4-dextran, may contain single protein or a plurality of protein according to the solubilising protein of step b) i gained in the present invention.Solubilising protein according to step b) ii also may contain single protein or a plurality of protein.If dissolved phosphorylation α-1,4-glucan-binding protein matter or dissolved non-phosphorylating α-1,4-glucan-binding protein matter all contains a plurality of different protein, in case of necessity should they are separated from one another.
Be used for identifying with respect to non-phosphorylating α-1 in the present invention, the 4-dextran, to phosphorylation α-1, in another embodiment of 4-dextran in conjunction with the method for protein of increased activity, when implementing the inventive method, will be according to the dissolved phosphorylation α-1 of step b) i, 4-glucan-binding protein matter or according to step b) ii dissolved non-phosphorylating α-1,4-glucan-binding protein matter is separated from one another.
Can be by the phosphorylation α-1 of method known to those skilled in the art separate dissolved, 4-glucan-binding protein matter or dissolved non-phosphorylating α-1,4-glucan-binding protein matter, for example, gel-filtration, chromatography, electrophoresis etc.Preferably by SDS acrylamide gel electrophoresis, the preferred especially method of using hereinafter described (seeing the 9th of general method), with phosphorylation α-1,4-dextran bonded solubilising protein or non-phosphorylating α-1,4-dextran bonded solubilising protein is separated from one another.
Another object of the present invention relates to identifies to have α-1, and the 4-glucosan phosphorylase is urged active and need be with phosphorylation α-1, and the 4-dextran is as the method for protein of substrate, wherein
A) protein extract and phosphorylation α-1,4-dextran incubation,
B) dissolving step a) in specific combination in phosphorylation α-1, the protein of 4-dextran,
C) protein that in prepared product separated from one another, obtains in the step b) respectively with following material incubation:
I) ATP and phosphorylation α-1, the 4-dextran, and
Ii) ATP and non-phosphorylating α-1, the 4-dextran,
D) detect among step c) i or the step c) ii the corresponding α-1 of gained behind the incubation, other that introduce in the 4-dextran are phosphate-based, and
E) identification of protein, to α-1, the 4-dextran has been introduced a large amount of phosphate-based in the incubation prepared product of step c) i for it, and in the incubation prepared product of step c) ii not to α-1, the 4-dextran is introduced a large amount of phosphate-based.
In conjunction with the present invention, term " in conjunction with increased activity " should be understood to, protein strengthens for the avidity of second kind of substrate of avidity comparison of first kind of substrate, show as to first kind of substrate in conjunction with increased activity, promptly compare with second kind of substrate under identical incubation conditions, protein and first kind of substrate bonded amount increase.
In conjunction with the present invention, term " α-1,4-dextran " should be understood to mainly by α-1, the dextran that the glucose structural unit that 4-connects is formed, but wherein also can contain α-1, the branch that 6-connects.α-1, the 4-dextran preferably contains at the most 15%, and especially preferably at the most 10%, preferred especially 5% α-1 at the most, 6-connects.
In conjunction with the present invention, term " starch-phosphate " should be understood to be covalently attached to α-1, phosphate-based on the glucose molecule of 4-dextran.
In conjunction with the present invention, term " non-phosphorylating α-1,4-dextran " but should be understood to does not contain the α-1 of the starch-phosphate of detection limit, 4-dextran.
In conjunction with the present invention, term " phosphorylation α-1,4-dextran " or " P-α-1,4-dextran " should be understood to contain the α-1 of starch-phosphate, 4-dextran.
Basic, the protein that available the inventive method is identified can derive from any biology.This protein is preferably from plant biological, preferably from the plant (corn, rice, wheat, rye, oat, barley, cassava, potato, sweet potato, sago, mung bean, banana, pea, Arabidopis thaliana, turmeric or Chinese sorghum) of storage strach, especially preferred potato, barley, beet, Arabidopis thaliana or rice plant, and preferred especially Arabidopis thaliana or rice plant.
In another embodiment of the inventive method, protein extract is from eukaryotic cell, preferably from vegetable cell, especially preferably from the cell of the plant (corn, rice, wheat, rye, oat, barley, cassava, potato, sweet potato, sago, mung bean, banana, pea, Arabidopis thaliana, turmeric or Chinese sorghum) of storage strach.
Basic, all non-phosphorylating α-1, the 4-dextran all is applicable to incubation protein extract and the non-phosphorylating α-1 that implements in the inventive method, 4-dextran.It is preferred that what use is the plant amylum of non-phosphorylating, preferably wheat starch especially, the particle leaf starch among the preferred especially arabidopsis mutant body sex1-3 (people such as Tien-Shin Yu, 2001, Plant Cell 13,1907-1918).
The method of separating starch is for as those skilled in the known from plant.All well known to a person skilled in the art that method substantially all is applicable to separation non-phosphorylating starch from suitable plant species system.Preferred method separation non-phosphorylating α-1 described below, the 4-dextran (seeing the 2nd of general method) used.
Substantially all contain the α-1 of starch-phosphate, and the 4-dextran all is applicable to incubation protein extract and the phosphorylation α-1 that implements in the inventive method, 4-dextran.Also can use the starch of chemical phosphorylation herein.Be preferred for the protein extract incubation for plant phosphorylation α-1, the 4-dextran, the especially preferred plant amylum of enzymatic phosphorylation subsequently, preferred especially from Arabidopis thaliana sex1-3 mutant the vegetable particle starch of the isolating phosphorylation of enzymatic subsequently.
Can use that any the 4-dextran shifts the enzyme of phosphoric acid ester residue by introducing covalent linkage to non-phosphorylating α-1, carry out subsequently to non-phosphorylating α-1 the enzymatic phosphorylation of 4-dextran.Be preferred for this purpose be enzyme with the two kinase activities of water dextran (R1 protein, E.C.:02.07.09.4) (people such as Ritte, 2002, PNAS 99,7166-7171; People such as Mikkelsen, 2004, BiochemicalJournal 377,525-532).Be preferred for non-phosphorylating α-1 subsequently, what the enzymatic phosphorylation of 4-dextran was used is the R1 protein of purifying, and particularly heterology is expressed the potato R1 protein that produces in intestinal bacteria (E.coli).
Purifying the reorganization of expression in escherichia coli produce the R1 method of protein see people such as Ritte (2002, PNAS 99,7166-7171) and people such as Mikkelsen (2003, BiochemicalJournal 377,525-532).
When implementing the inventive method, by with protein extract and phosphorylation α-1,4-dextran and/or non-phosphorylating α-1, the common incubation of 4-dextran makes protein bound in phosphorylation α-1, the 4-dextran, can form phosphorylation α-1,4-dextran-protein complex; And by protein and non-phosphorylating α-1, the combination of 4-dextran can form non-phosphorylating α-1,4-dextran-protein complex.
When implementing the inventive method, dissolved phosphorus acidifying α-1,4-dextran-protein complex or non-phosphorylating α-1, the protein in 4-dextran-protein complex promptly destroys protein and corresponding α-1, the combination between the 4-dextran.Thereby obtain dissolved phosphorylation α-1,4-dextran-conjugated protein and/or dissolved non-phosphorylating α-1,4-dextran-conjugated protein.Basic, all protein-α capable of blocking-1, the material that the 4-dextran interacts and exists all can be used for destroying relevant α-1, the 4-dextran with combine it on protein between combination.What be preferred for this purpose is the buffered soln that contains stain remover, especially preferably contains the buffered soln of sodium lauryl sulphate (SDS), preferred especially buffered soln (seeing the 8th of general method) hereinafter described.
Can use anyly can make α-1, the isolating method of 4-dextran and dissolved substance (as protein, and for example the ATP in the incubation prepared product), with α-1,4-dextran and ATP and/or protein separation.If when implementing the inventive method, with solubility α-1, the 4-dextran is used for incubation protein extract and α-1, the 4-dextran, then this separation can comprise as precipitating this α-1, the 4-dextran, the suitable solvent of preferred use precipitates, and especially preferably uses alcohol to precipitate.Alternative by making it to be incorporated in conjunction with α-1, the α-1 of the material of 4-dextran (as Concavalin A), the separation of 4-dextran also is applicable to the α in the solution-1,4-dextran and separating substances.
Preferably use filtering separation α-1 herein, the 4-dextran, especially preferably centrifugal, be preferably method (seeing the 8th of general method) hereinafter described especially.
When implementing the inventive method, substantially can use any method that well known to a person skilled in the art with soluble protein and α-1, the 4-dextran is separated, as chromatography, for example precipitation reaches centrifugal subsequently α-1,4-dextran, enzymic digestion α-1,4-dextran, gel-filtration etc., these can make soluble protein and α-1, the isolating method of 4-dextran.Preferably by centrifugal with dissolved phosphorylation α-1,4-dextran-conjugated protein and/or dissolved non-phosphorylating α-1, the α-1 that 4-dextran-conjugated protein and the present invention are used, the 4-dextran is separated.
In implementing another embodiment of the present invention of the inventive method, by using the centrifugal of Percoll pad (pad), with phosphorylation α-1,4-dextran-protein complex and be not contained in the intravital protein separation of related compound.
The preferred herein method described below (seeing the 8th of general method) of using is separated not and α-1,4-dextran bonded protein.Use the Percoll pad carry out centrifugal after, not with phosphorylation α-1, the 4-dextran or not with non-phosphorylating α-1,4-dextran bonded protein is arranged in the supernatant liquor of centrifugal matrix, and phosphorylation α-1,4-dextran-protein complex or non-phosphorylating α-1,4-dextran-protein complex then are arranged in the precipitation of bottom.Discard the supernatant liquor of centrifugal matrix, and washing precipitation (preferably being used to be further purified phosphorylation α-1,4-dextran-protein complex or non-phosphorylating α-1, the damping fluid of the incubation of 4-dextran-protein complex).Preferred washing precipitation once, especially preferred washed twice.
Basic, all types of protein extracts all can be used for implementing evaluation of the present invention and have α-1, and the short activity of 4-glucosan phosphorylase also need be with phosphorylation α-1, and the 4-dextran is as the method for protein of substrate.Can comprise the so-called protein crude extract and the protein extract of purifying partially or completely herein.Therefore, for example, use the present invention to be used for identifying to phosphorylation α-1, the 4-dextran in conjunction with specific activity its to non-phosphorylating α-1, the protein that the method for protein in conjunction with increased activity of 4-dextran is identified is more favourable.Use the present invention to be used for identifying to phosphorylation α-1, the 4-dextran in conjunction with specific activity its to non-phosphorylating α-1, the protein that the method for protein in conjunction with increased activity of 4-dextran is identified, can be used for as identifying to have α-1 in the present invention, the short activity of 4-glucosan phosphorylase also need be with phosphorylation α-1, in the method for protein of 4-dextran as substrate, omited steps a) and b) and be directly used in step c).
Basic, all well known to a person skilled in the art that general method all is applicable to from protokaryon or eukaryotic cell and prepare protein extract, to implement the inventive method, for example be set forth in Scopes (1993, Protein Purification:Principles ﹠amp; Practice, ISSN:038794072).Yet be preferred for implementing this method be the separating plant method of protein (for example be set forth in people such as Bollag, 1996, " Protein Methods ", second edition, Wiley, ISBN:0-471-11837-0; Dennison, 2003, " A Guide to Protein Isolation " second edition, Kluwer Academic Publishers, ISBN 1-4020-1224-1), especially preferred method (seeing the 1st of general method) hereinafter described.
The protein extract and the phosphorylation α-1 that in separating prepared product, will be used to implement the inventive method, 4-dextran or non-phosphorylating α-1, the common incubation of 4-dextran.Implement in the process of entire method phosphorylation α-1,4-dextran or non-phosphorylating α-1, the related preparation thing separate treatment of 4-dextran.Herein, use respectively equal protein matter extract respectively with equivalent phosphorylation α-1,4-dextran or non-phosphorylating α-1, the 4-dextran is carried out incubation.Preferred protein extract and the phosphorylation α-1 that uses 1-10mg, especially preferred 3-7mg, preferred especially 4-6mg respectively, 4-dextran or non-phosphorylating α-1, the 4-dextran is carried out incubation.Phosphorylation α-1,4-dextran or non-phosphorylating α-1, the consumption of 4-dextran preferably is respectively 10-100mg, especially preferred 30-70mg, preferred especially 45-55mg.
When implementing the inventive method, can use multiple damping fluid incubation protein extract and phosphorylation α-1, the 4-dextran.Basic, all can make protein to be identified and related substances bonded damping fluid all be suitable for.The preferred damping fluid (seeing the 1st of general method) that uses hereinafter described.
In conjunction with the present invention, term " has α-1; the short activity of 4-glucosan phosphorylase also need be with phosphorylation α-1; the 4-dextran is as the protein of substrate " and should be understood to, can be to phosphorylation α-1, covalency is introduced the phosphoric acid ester residue and with phosphorylation α-1 in the 4-dextran, the 4-dextran is the protein of the substrate of transfer phosphoric acid ester residue, and non-phosphorylating α-1, the 4-dextran can not be by described protein phosphorylation, that is, non-phosphorylating α-1, the 4-dextran can not be as the substrate of phosphorylation reaction.
The present invention identifies to have α-1, and the short activity of 4-glucosan phosphorylase also need be with phosphorylation α-1, in 4-dextran another embodiment as the method for protein of substrate, relates to and identifies the protein for another substrate with ATP.
In this embodiment of the present invention, ATP can be used as has α-1, the short activity of 4-glucosan phosphorylase also need be with phosphorylation α-1, the 4-dextran is as proteinic another substrate (cosubstrate) of substrate, promptly, described protein is transferred to the phosphorylation α of phosphorylation-1 with the phosphoric acid ester residue from ATP, on the 4-dextran.
Contain the ATP (ATP of mark) of labeled phosphorus acid esters residue by use, can confirm with ATP to be cosubstrate, the phosphoric acid ester residue is transferred to phosphorylation α-1, the activity of proteins of 4-dextran.The ATP of preferred specific marker β position phosphoric acid ester residue promptly wherein only has the phosphoric acid ester residue of β position to have mark.Preferred use radiolabeled ATP, the especially preferred wherein ATP of radioactivity specific marker β position phosphoric acid ester residue, especially preferably wherein β position phosphoric acid ester residue with 33The ATP of P specific marker.If when mark ATP exists, phosphorylation α-1, the protein of 4-dextran phosphorylation and phosphorylation α-1,4-dextran incubation then can detect and phosphorylation α-1, the mark phosphoric acid that the 4-dextran is covalently bound.The phosphorylation α-1 that is used for phosphorylation reaction herein, the 4-dextran can be the form (starch in source such as yam starch, Curcuma armada, curcuma zedoary (C.zedoaria), turmeric (C.longa), rice, mung bean, cassava) of the plant amylum that contains starch-phosphate, also can be the phosphorylation α-1 of enzymatic phosphorylation, the phosphorylation α of 4-dextran or chemical phosphorylation-1, the 4-dextran.The preferred starch that uses in the Arabidopis thaliana leaf, the especially preferred starch that uses by the Arabidopis thaliana sex1-3 mutant of R1 protein enzymatic phosphorylation.
Can confirm and to be introduced phosphorylation α-1 by protein, labeled phosphorus acid esters residue in the 4-dextran, for example with labeled phosphorus acidifying α-1, the 4-dextran (is for example separated from remaining reaction mixture, by using ethanol sedimentation α-1,4-dextran, filtration, chromatography, centrifugal etc.), detect relevant phosphorylation α-1, the labeled phosphorus acid esters residue in the 4-dextran fraction subsequently.Simultaneously, can pass through as definite phosphorylation α-1, the radioactive amount that exists in the 4-dextran fraction (as passing through scintillation counting technique) confirms and phosphorylation α-1,4-dextran fraction bonded labeled phosphorus acid esters residue.
In another embodiment, the present invention identifies to have α-1, the short activity of 4-glucosan phosphorylase also need be with phosphorylation α-1, the 4-dextran relates to a kind of method as the method for protein of substrate, wherein have α-1, the short active protein of 4-glucosan phosphorylase is substrate with the phosphorylated starch.Especially preferred from Arabidopis thaliana sex1-3 mutant after separating by the starch of enzymatic phosphorylation.Therefore, be to implement this preferred embodiment of the inventive method, phosphorylated starch is used for step c) i but not phosphorylated starch is used for step c) ii.
Therefore, can identify the protein of energy phosphorylation phosphorylated starch.This proteinoid is specially adapted to modify starch in this plant biological by suitable plant being carried out genetic manipulation.
The present invention identifies to have α-1, the short activity of 4-glucosan phosphorylase also need be with phosphorylation α-1, in 4-dextran another embodiment of method of protein as substrate, the method that relates to identification of protein, wherein this protein is for to be transferred to phosphorylation α-1 with the phosphoric acid ester residue, the phosphorylation intermediate product in the 4-dextran process.Described intermediate product is preferably described protein autophosphorylation formation.
Can (2002, PNAS 99,7166-7171) about the proteinic description of R1, determine the phosphorylation α-1 as protein mediation, the phosphorylated protein of the intermediate product of 4-dextran phosphorylation as people such as Ritte.
In order to detect the existence of autophosphorylation intermediate product, at first (the preferred ATP that does not contain β phosphoric acid site-specific labeling does not especially preferably contain not containing the mark ATP of dextran 33The ATP in P specific marker β phosphoric acid site) incubation protein is 15 to 45 minutes in the prepared in reaction thing 1, and especially preferred 20 to 40 minutes, preferred especially 25 to 30 minutes; Similar with it, the non-marked ATP that then contains respective amount in the prepared in reaction thing 2 to be replacing mark ATP, incubation under the constant situation of other conditions.In reaction mixture 1, add excessive non-marked ATP subsequently, the mixture that adds non-marked ATP and mark ATP in reaction mixture 2 (wherein contains the mark ATP with previous reaction mixture 1 moderate, and with excessive adding reaction mixture 1 in equivalent non-marked ATP), incubation 1-5 minute again, preferably again incubation 2-5 minute, especially preferred incubation 3 minutes again; Partly add phosphorylation α-1, the 4-dextran in (2A part) to the A part (1A part) of reaction mixture 1 or the A of reaction mixture 2 subsequently.By making protein denaturation, stop the reaction in residue 1B part and the 2B partial reaction mixture.Can come termination reaction mixture B part by the method for protein denaturation that makes well known by persons skilled in the art, preferably by adding sodium lauryl sulphate (SDS).The 1A of incubation reaction mixture part and 2A part also stopped its reaction after at least 10 minutes again.With the α-1 that exists in the A of each reaction mixture part or the B part, the 4-dextran is separated with the remainder of respective reaction mixture.If by centrifugation each α-1, the 4-dextran, after then centrifugal the finishing, the α-1 in each reaction mixture in A part or the B part, the 4-dextran sees in the deposit seeds, and the protein in the respective reaction mixture then sees in each centrifuged supernatant.The supernatant liquor of 1A part or 2A part and 1B part or 2B part in the analyze reaction mixture for example can carry out the denaturing acrylamide gel electrophoresis respectively then, and the acrylamide gel to gained carries out radioautograph subsequently.Can use to well known to a person skilled in the art, quantitatively by the isolating radiolabeled proteins of acrylamide gel electrophoresis method as so-called " photosensitive imaging (phospho-imaging) " method.If proteinic radioautograph in the centrifuged supernatant of reaction mixture 1B part or the analysis of " photosensitive imaging " method are shown, its signal significantly strengthens with respect to the signal of reaction mixture 1A part centrifuged supernatant, and the protein that then shows mediation alpha-glucan phosphorylation is as the autophosphorylation intermediate product.The A of reaction mixture 2 part and B be partly with comparing, so the radioautograph of its centrifuged supernatant or " photosensitive imaging instrument " analysis should not show remarkable enhanced signal.
In addition, can wash corresponding α-1 in case of necessity, after the 4-dextran, check the α-1 of corresponding A part in the reaction mixture 1 and 2 that is retained in the corresponding deposit seeds, whether there is starch-phosphate in the 4-dextran, between described starch-phosphate and the used mark ATP significant corresponding relation arranged.If the α-1 of reaction mixture 1A part, contain underlined phosphoric acid ester residue in the 4-dextran, if and the radioautograph of the centrifuged supernatant of reaction mixture 1B part significantly strengthens with respect to the radioautograph signal of the centrifuged supernatant of reaction mixture 1A part, then show the protein of existence as the mediation alpha-glucan phosphorylation of autophosphorylation intermediate product.The A of reaction mixture 2 part and B partly in contrast, so it contains α-1, should not show remarkable enhanced in the deposit seeds of 4-dextran 33The α of P mark-1,4-dextran signal.
The present invention identifies to have α-1, the short activity of 4-glucosan phosphorylase also need be with phosphorylation α-1, the 4-dextran is as another embodiment of method of protein of substrate, the method that relates to identification of protein, described protein is preferably to phosphorylation α-1, the mono phosphoric acid ester ester bond is introduced in the C-2 position of the glucose molecule of 4-dextran or C-3 position, especially preferred C-3 position.
By as described in people such as Ritte (2002, PNAS 99,7166-7171) analysis is by the phosphorylation α-1 of protein or protein extract phosphorylation, the 4-dextran, can determine phosphorylation α-1, which carbon atom site (C-2, C-3 or C-6) of glucose monomer is the preferably phosphoric acid site of protein or protein extract in the 4-dextran.For this reason, use acid hydrolysis by protein or the protein extract phosphorylation α of phosphorylation-1 once again, the 4-dextran is analyzed by anion-exchange chromatography then.
Preferably analyze phosphorylation α-1 by protein phosphorylation by NMR, the 4-dextran, to determine phosphorylation α-1, which carbon atom site (C-2, C-3 or C-6) of glucose monomer is by phosphorylation in the 4-dextran.
The present invention who obtains according to step b) identifies to have α-1, the short activity of 4-glucosan phosphorylase also need be with phosphorylation α-1, the 4-dextran is as the protein in the protein method of substrate, incubation is in containing ATP and phosphorylation α-1 in the step c) of the inventive method, 4-dextran or ATP and non-phosphorylating α-1 are in the separation prepared product of 4-dextran.For implementing the inventive method, preferred use contains the ATP of underlined phosphoric acid ester residue, especially preferably contains the ATP of the phosphoric acid ester residue specific marker in β site, especially preferably contains the radiolabeled ATP of phosphoric acid ester residue specificity in β site.
Preferably under 20 ℃ to 30 ℃ the temperature, under especially preferred 23 ℃ to 27 ℃, preferred especially 24 ℃ to 26 ℃, phosphorylation α-1 with the step c) i of solubilising protein of the present invention and ATP and the inventive method, the non-phosphorylating α-1 of the step c) ii of 4-dextran or the inventive method, the common incubation of 4-dextran at least 15 minutes, preferably at least 20 minutes, especially preferably at least 30 minutes, wherein said method has α-1 for the present invention identifies, the short activity of 4-glucosan phosphorylase also need be with phosphorylation α-1, and the 4-dextran is as the protein method of substrate.The amount that is used for ATP herein preferably is at least 0.05 μ M, especially preferably at least 3 μ M, especially preferred at least 5 μ M.Be used for phosphorylation α-1 herein, 4-dextran or non-phosphorylating α-1,4-dextran concentration is preferably at least 1mg/ml, especially preferably 10mg/ml, especially preferred 25mg/ml at least at least.After incubation is finished, can stop protein extract and phosphorylation α-1,4-dextran or non-phosphorylating α-1, the reaction of 4-dextran.Can come termination reaction mixture respectively by the method for protein denaturation that makes well known by persons skilled in the art, preferably stop in 5 minutes by adding sodium lauryl sulphate (SDS) and under 95 ℃, heating.Identify to have α-1 when implementing the present invention, the short activity of 4-glucosan phosphorylase also need be with phosphorylation α-1, the 4-dextran is as the step c) i in the protein method of substrate or c ii) the time, incubation protein and phosphorylation α-1,4-dextran or non-phosphorylating α-1, each incubation prepared product should use identical incubation conditions respectively during the 4-dextran.
Implement the present invention and identify to have α-1, the short activity of 4-glucosan phosphorylase also need be with phosphorylation α-1, after the protein method of 4-dextran as substrate, for the phosphorylation α that obtains according to step c) i-1,4-dextran or the non-phosphorylating α-1 that ii) obtains according to step c, the 4-dextran is analyzed the introducing situation of extra phosphoric acid ester residue.For determining whether and have the phosphoric acid ester residue to be introduced into step c) i or the step c relevant α-1 in ii), the 4-dextran can be used the special method that detects step c) i or the step c mark among the used mark ATP in ii) of any energy.For example, if used radiolabeled ATP in ii) at step c) i or step c, then can detect, as radioautograph, by suitable device measuring radioactivity (for example scintillation counting, " photosensitive imaging " etc.) by the method for detection of radioactive element well known by persons skilled in the art.
Can pass through method known to those skilled in the art, identify that being used for the present invention identifies to have α-1, the short activity of 4-glucosan phosphorylase also need be with phosphorylation α-1, and the 4-dextran is as the protein in the step b) of the protein method of substrate; Described protein to phosphorylation α-1, has been introduced a large amount of phosphoric acid ester residues in the 4-dextran in step c) i, and Comparatively speaking step c ii) in not to non-phosphorylating α-1, introduce a large amount of phosphoric acid ester residues in the 4-dextran.
In conjunction with the present invention, term " in a large number " should be understood to, than at least 2 times of the quantitative height of corresponding controlled trial, preferred at least 4 times, especially preferred at least 6 times, preferred at least 8 times amount especially.
Can use the protein extract that contains complete deactivation or replace the incubation prepared product of natural protein extract to test in contrast herein, with no protein extract.Wherein can not detect α-1, the short active protein extract of 4-glucosan phosphorylase is " complete deactivation ".
Implementing the present invention is used for identifying with respect to non-phosphorylating α-1, the 4-dextran, to phosphorylation α-1, the 4-dextran in conjunction with the method for protein of increased activity the time, can use and well known to a person skilled in the art the method identification of protein, for example use the method comprise the Edmann degraded, to carry out mass spectroscopy by MALDI-TOF-MS (lining matter assisted laser desorption and ionization-flight time mass spectrum) to determine the aminoacid sequence of related protein, compare with the database that contains proteomic image figure subsequently; Carry out amino acid sequencing by Q-TOF analysis or TOF/TOF analysis etc.Preferably by Q-TOF-MS-MS Analysis and Identification related protein, especially preferred use method is hereinafter described identified this protein (seeing the 10th of general method).
If by MALDI-TOF-MS, compare definite protein with the database that contains proteomic image figure then, then prior enzymatic digestion related protein is analyzed the single mass spectrum that digests the protein fragments (peptide) that obtains by MALDI-TOF-MS subsequently.Thereby obtain the mass spectrum of related protein.Because what digesting protein used is sequence-specific proteolytic enzyme, this enzyme only cracking is in peptide bond in the specific amino acids continuous sequence, so these mass spectrums are very special for protein.If the specific amino acids sequence of known a certain protease recognition sequence, so by calculating the quality of the peptide that produces behind its aminoacid sequence of specific protein enzymic digestion, can be from the mass spectrum of arbitrary theorizing property of aminoacid sequence.Theoretical definite mass spectrum in the mass spectrum that uses the actual agnoprotein matter that obtains of MALDI-TOF-MS and the associated databases is compared, also can determine amino acid whose sequence thus.
Identify to have α-1 in the present invention, the short activity of 4-glucosan phosphorylase also need be with phosphorylation α-1, in 4-dextran another embodiment as the method for protein of substrate, will be according to step a) incubation protein extract and phosphorylation α-1,4-dextran and the phosphorylation α-1 that obtains, 4-dextran-protein complex, with not with relevant α-1,4-dextran bonded protein separation is opened.
Identify to have α-1 in the present invention, the short activity of 4-glucosan phosphorylase also need be with phosphorylation α-1, in 4-dextran another embodiment as the method for protein of substrate, will be according to the step b) dissolved protein of the inventive method, the phosphorylation α used with step a)-1, the 4-dextran separately.
Identify to have α-1 in the present invention, the short activity of 4-glucosan phosphorylase also need be with phosphorylation α-1, in 4-dextran another embodiment as the method for protein of substrate, with the dissolved phosphorylation α-1 that implements to obtain in the step b) of the inventive method, 4-dextran-conjugated protein is separated from each other.
Identify to have α-1 in the present invention, the short activity of 4-glucosan phosphorylase also need be with phosphorylation α-1, in 4-dextran another embodiment as the method for protein of substrate, will be according to step c) i with protein extract and phosphorylation α-1,4-dextran or according to step c) ii and non-phosphorylating α-1, the dextran that the common incubation of 4-dextran obtains is separated with protein in the reaction mixture and/or the mark ATP in the reaction mixture.
Be used to separate α-1 herein, the method for 4-dextran is preferably filtration, and is especially preferably centrifugal, preferred especially method (seeing the 8th of general method) hereinafter described.Use the Percoll pad carry out centrifugal after, the soluble substance in the reaction mixture is stayed in the supernatant liquor of centrifugal medium, and α-1, the 4-dextran then is arranged in deposit seeds.
The present invention identifies to have α-1, the short activity of 4-glucosan phosphorylase also need be with phosphorylation α-1, the 4-dextran is as another embodiment of the method for protein of substrate, the method that relates to identification of protein, described proteinic aminoacid sequence molecular weight is 120kDa to 145kDa, preferred 120kDa to 140kDa, especially preferred 125kDa to 140kDa, preferred especially 130kDa to 135kDa.
Be used for another embodiment of identification of protein in the present invention, identify related protein after, determine these proteinic aminoacid sequences of coding.
According to the present invention, can use any method that well known to a person skilled in the art to determine aminoacid sequence.These class methods are specified in the technical literature (Protein Sequencing andIdentification Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry for example, 2000, John Wiley; SonsInc, ISBN:0-471-32249-0; Protein Sequencing Protocols, 2002, Smith (writing), second edition, Humana Press ISBN:0-89603-975-7), and is applicable to the method for the present invention of implementing substantially.And, a lot of companies also provide as the protein purification of protocol service and/or order-checking (as Eurogentec, Searing, Belgium).
In case of necessity, before determining its aminoacid sequence, can carry out further purifying and/or concentrated to the protein that uses in the identification of protein method of the present invention.The method of purifying and/or proteins concentrate is specified in the technical literature (as Methods inEnzymology:Guide to ProteinPurification, the 182nd volume 1990, Deutscher, Murray P. (writing), Academic Press, ISBN:0-12-182083-1; Isolation and Purification of Proteins:Hatti-Kaul, 2003, Rajni (writing); Mattiasson, Bo (writing), Marcel Dekker Inc, ISBN:0-8247-0726-5, Protein Purification Techniques:A Practical Approach.Roe, 2001, Simon (writing) .The Practical Approach Series, 244. second edition .OxfordUniv Press ISBN:0-19-963673-7), and is applicable to the method for the present invention of implementing substantially.
The present invention is used for another embodiment of identification of protein, used the method for protein that contains the phosphohistidine structural domain in the identification code aminoacid sequence of the present invention (people such as Tien-Shin Yu, 2001, Plant Cell 13,1907-1918).This phosphohistidine structural domain preferably has at least 50% identity with the aminoacid sequence (SEQ ID NO5) of the phosphohistidine structural domain of Arabidopis thaliana OK1 protein and rice (Oryza sativa), particularly at least 60%, preferably at least 70%, especially preferably at least 80%, preferred at least 90% identity especially.
The present invention is used for another embodiment of identification of protein, used the method for protein (people such as Tien-Shin Yu of containing the phosphohistidine structural domain in the identification code aminoacid sequence of the present invention, 2001, Plant Cell 13,1907-1918), wherein this phosphohistidine structural domain contains two Histidines.
Use the inventive method, can identify phosphorylation α-1, the 4-dextran in conjunction with specific activity its to non-phosphorylating α-1, the protein in conjunction with increased activity of 4-dextran.
Use the inventive method, can identify to have α-1, the short activity of 4-glucosan phosphorylase also need be with phosphorylation α-1, and the 4-dextran is as the protein of substrate.
Therefore, the protein that obtains of the method by identification of protein of the present invention also is purpose of the present invention.
Evaluation has α-1, and the method for the short active proteinic coding nucleic acid of 4-glucosan phosphorylase is another object of the present invention, wherein
A) the method identification of protein of use identification of protein of the present invention,
B) determining step a) in the aminoacid sequence of institute identification of protein, and
C) use the amino acid of determining in the step b), authentication step a) in the coding nucleic acid of institute's identification of protein.
Can determine the proteinic aminoacid sequence that uses the inventive method to identify by the method that well known to a person skilled in the art as indicated above.
In that identification code has α-1 according to the present invention, on the basis of the aminoacid sequence that the step b) of the short active proteinic nucleic acid method of 4-glucosan phosphorylase is determined, can identify to have α-1, the 4-glucosan phosphorylase is urged active proteinic coding nucleic acid.
Can be by for example searching for those available databases, identify and have α-1, the 4-glucosan phosphorylase is urged active proteinic coding nucleic acid, for example by EMBL (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/index.htm) or NCBI (National Center forBiotechnology Information, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/).Setting in advance one or more aminoacid sequences of determining when implementing the inventive method herein is so-called inquiry.By statistical calculations machine program the sequence in this search sequence and the selected data storehouse is compared subsequently.Such data base querying (for example blast or fasta inquiry) is conventionally known to one of skill in the art, can be undertaken by a lot of suppliers.
If, then should use concrete more special required standard setting as the enterprising line data library inquiry of NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/).As follows for being provided with of protein sequence comparison (blastp): Limit entrez=does not activate (not activated); Strainer (Filter)=activatory low-complexity (low compexityactivated); Expected value (Expect value)=10; Word length (word size)=3; Matrix (Matrix)=BLOSUM62; Breach cost (Gap costs): have (Existence)=11, extend (Extension)=1.
In this type of data base querying, can use as when implementing the inventive method, the aminoacid sequence of Que Dinging has α-1 as search sequence with identification code in the present invention, and the 4-glucosan phosphorylase is urged active proteinic nucleic acid molecule.
Use described method, the coding that also can identify and use the inventive method to obtain has α-1, nucleic acid molecule and/or aminoacid sequence that the nucleic acid molecule of the short active protein of 4-glucosan phosphorylase and/or protein have height identity.
Identify that from aminoacid sequence the method for its coding nucleic acid is conventionally known to one of skill in the artly (to see as people such as Sambrok, Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual, the 3rd edition (2001) Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbour, NY.ISBN:0879695773, people such as Ausubel, Short Protocols in Molecular Biology, John Wiley ﹠amp; Sons; The 5th edition (2002), ISBN:0471250929).Have α-1 from coding, the aminoacid sequence of the short active protein of 4-glucosan phosphorylase sets out, and can draw the nucleic acid of this related amino acid sequence of coding according to genetic code.As well known to those skilled in the art, the degenerate oligonucleotide that is obtained by genetic code generally also can be used for identifying nucleic acid.Subsequently can synthetic oligonucleotide, it is formed from the sequence of implementing the aminoacid sequence that the inventive method obtains.These synthetic oligonucleotide can be used for the coding nucleic acid of identification of protein, and described proteinic aminoacid sequence is corresponding oligonucleotide sequence.By as with as described in synthetic oligonucleotide be label probe, can reach this purpose with the form muca gene storehouse of hybridization probe.The another kind of evaluation has α-1, the possible method of the coding nucleic acid of the short active protein of 4-glucosan phosphorylase, comprise the synthetic oligonucleotide in the aminoacid sequence source that use enforcement the inventive method obtains, the method muca gene storehouse of passing through to adopt PCR-based, wherein said synthetic oligonucleotide is used as so-called " primer ".Gene pool can exist as the form of cosmid, phasmid (phagmid), plasmid, YAC or BAC.Genomic dna and cDNA can be contained in the DNA library.For the searching method of the PCR-based of using so-called RT (reverse transcription) PCR, also can use mRNA.Be used for implementing the nucleic acid of the present invention herein in the method for gene pool evaluation nucleic acid or mRNA form nucleic acid, can be from any biology, preferably from eukaryote, especially preferably from plant, especially preferably from cereal.
Identify to have α-1 for implementing the present invention, the method of the short active proteinic coding nucleic acid of 4-glucosan phosphorylase, need in the step b) of the inventive method, not determine whole aminoacid sequences of coding related protein, only need to determine the part correlation aminoacid sequence of coding related protein.
Another embodiment of the present invention relates to identifies to have α-1, the method for the short active proteinic coding nucleic acid of 4-glucosan phosphorylase, wherein
A) the method identification of protein of use identification of protein of the present invention,
B) the proteinic encoding amino acid sequence identified in a) of determining step,
C) aminoacid sequence of determining from step b) begins synthetic oligonucleotide, and
D) the proteinic coding nucleic acid that uses synthetic oligonucleotide authentication step in the step c) to identify in a).
Another object of the present invention relates to identifies to have α-1, the method for the short active proteinic coding nucleic acid of 4-glucosan phosphorylase, wherein
A) the method identification of protein of use identification of protein of the present invention,
B) antibody of identification of protein specific reaction in preparation and the step a), and
C) use the antibody of determining according to step b) to identify nucleic acid.
Preparation can be conventionally known to one of skill in the art (referring to as Lottspeich and Zorbas (writing) with antibody (can combine with the described protein specific) method of a certain protein specific reaction, 1998, Bioanalytik, Spektrum akad.Verlag, Heidelberg, Berlin, ISBN 3-8274-0041-4).Some companies (as Eurogentec, Belgium) provide the preparation of this antibody-like with protocol service.
Use antibody to identify that the method for nucleic acid often is called " immunoscreening " and (sees as Lottspeich and Zorbas (writing) in technical literature, 1998, Bioanalytik, Spektrum a kad.Verlag., Heidelberg, Berlin, ISBN 3-8274-0041-4), for as well known to those skilled in the art and be described in detail in the document.Can be used for implementing these class methods as so-called expressing gene library, wherein use the clone who obtains at a certain proteinic specific antibody examination, seek this protein expression.Can buy the material in this type of expressing gene library of preparation, comprise relevant prepare and searching for the specification sheets (as Stratagene) of the method in this type of expressing gene library.
Use the inventive method can identify with respect to non-phosphorylating α-1, the 4-dextran, to phosphorylation α-1, the 4-dextran in conjunction with the protein of increased activity and/or have α-1, the short activity of 4-glucosan phosphorylase also need be with phosphorylation α-1, and the 4-dextran is as the proteinic coding nucleic acid of substrate.
Therefore, identify that according to the present invention the nucleic acid that the method for nucleic acid obtains also is purpose of the present invention.
According to budapest treaty, the plasmid (A.t.-OK1-pGEM) that contains protein of the present invention (A.t.-OK1) cDNA in coding Arabidopis thaliana source, be deposited in Germany microbial preservation center (German Collection of Microorganism and Cell CulturesGmbH on March 8th, 2004, Mascheroder Weg 1b, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany), preserving number is DSM16264, the plasmid (pMI50) of cDNA that contains another protein of the present invention (O.s.-OK1) in coding rice source is deposited in Germany microbial preservation center on March 24th, 2004, and preserving number is DSM16302.
Amazingly be, but genetically modified and starch protein active enhanced vegetable cell of the present invention or plant synthesis modification, with respect to wild-type plant cell or wild-type plant synthetic starch, the distribution of the physical-chemical characteristic of described starch, especially starch phosphate ester content or phosphoric acid ester changes, thereby it is more suitable for special applications.
Therefore, another object of the present invention relates to genetically modified vegetable cell or genetically modified plant, it is characterized in that for its not genetically modified corresponding wild-type plant cell or wild-type plant the proteinic enzymatic activity of the present invention strengthens in them.
Genetic modification herein can make at least a protein active of the present invention with respect to not genetically modified its corresponding wild-type plant cell or wild-type plant enhanced genetic modification for any.
In conjunction with the present invention, term " wild-type plant cell " is meant that with the starting material of described vegetable cell as preparation vegetable cell of the present invention, that is, except the genetic modification of introducing, its genetic information is corresponding with vegetable cell of the present invention.
In conjunction with the present invention, term " wild-type plant " is meant that with the starting material of described vegetable cell as preparation plant of the present invention, that is, except the genetic modification of introducing, its genetic information is corresponding with plant of the present invention.
In conjunction with the present invention, term " corresponding " is meant that in the comparison of several objects relevant object relatively keeps under the same conditions mutually.In conjunction with the present invention, term " corresponding " and wild-type plant cell or wild-type plant logotype, represent these mutually relatively vegetable cells or plant be growth and having identical (cultivation) age under identical culture condition.
Term of the present invention " enhanced activity " be meant herein that code book invents that proteinic endogenous gene expression strengthens and/or cell in proteinic amount of the present invention increase and/or cell in the proteinic enzymatic activity of the present invention strengthen.
Can determine the enhancing of expression by as measuring the amount that code book is invented proteinic transcript, for example use Northern engram analysis or RT-PCR.Preferably use the present invention to identify the nucleic acid molecule that the method for nucleic acid is identified herein, to determine the enhancing of protein expression among the present invention.Enhancing herein refers to that preferably with respect to not through for the corresponding cell of genetic modification, the amount of transcript has increased at least 50%, especially at least 70%, preferably at least 85%, especially preferably at least 100%.The amount increase that code book is invented proteinic transcript also refers to, can't detect plant that code book invention protein transcribes the thing amount through behind the genetic modification of the present invention, and wherein the code book invention protein amount of transcribing thing can detect.
The proteinic protein mass increase of the present invention makes this activity of proteins enhancing in the corresponding plants cell, can be by determining as immunological method, as Western engram analysis, ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) or RIA (radioimmunoassay).The example that is used for measuring by immunological method the preparation of the antibody that proteinic amount increases sees hereinafter (seeing embodiment 11).Increase herein refers to that preferably with respect to not through for the corresponding cell of genetic modification, the proteinic amount of the present invention has increased at least 50%, especially at least 70%, preferably at least 85%, especially preferably at least 100%.The proteinic amount increase of the present invention refers to that also the plant that can not detect the proteinic amount of the present invention is through behind the genetic modification of the present invention, and wherein the proteinic amount of the present invention can detect.
Same amazingly be, vegetable cell that reduces through genetic modification and protein active of the present invention or plant can synthesis modification starch, with respect to wild-type plant cell or wild-type plant synthetic starch, the physical-chemical characteristic of described starch, especially wherein the distribution of starch phosphate ester content or phosphoric acid ester changes, thereby it is more suitable for special applications.
Therefore, another object of the present invention relates to genetically modified vegetable cell or genetically modified plant, it is characterized in that for its not genetically modified corresponding wild-type plant cell or wild-type plant the proteinic enzymatic activity of the present invention reduces in them.
The plant that protein active of the present invention reduces has high starch (starch is excessive) phenotype.In addition, the plant that protein active of the present invention reduces is normal with respect to the wild-type plant growth, i.e. the growth of these plants is not obstructed because of protein active of the present invention in it reduces.Therefore, the plant that protein active of the present invention reduces is suitable for agricultural to be cultivated, and contains more polyose because they contain more starch, and its speed of growth does not reduce simultaneously.
Therefore, the present invention also relates to the vegetable cell and the plant of the excessive phenotype of starch of the present invention.When the dark stage finished, the starch in vegetable cell of the present invention and the leaf of the present invention was than at least 2 times of height in corresponding wild-type plant cell or the wild-type plant, preferably at least 4 times, especially preferably at least 6 times and especially preferably at least 8 times.
When finished photostage, the starch in vegetable cell of the present invention and the leaf of the present invention was than at least 1.2 times of height in corresponding wild-type plant cell or the wild-type plant, preferably at least 1.5 times, especially preferably at least 1.8 times and especially preferably at least 2 times.
Can prepare vegetable cell of the present invention and plant of the present invention by the multiple method that well known to a person skilled in the art, activity of proteins of the present invention reduces in described vegetable cell and the plant.The example of these methods comprises, express the ribozyme that specificity cutting code book invention protein that corresponding sense-rna or double-stranded RNA construct, preparation have inhibiting altogether molecule or carrier, a corresponding structure of expression is transcribed thing but, or so-called " mutagenesis in vivo ".In addition, can also reduce activity of proteins of the present invention in vegetable cell or the plant by expressing the justice and the antisense rna molecule of the corresponding target genes (preferred OK1 gene) that needs inhibition simultaneously.
Also known in addition, in the plant the trans double stranded rna molecule of (in planta) synthetic promoter sequence can cause methylating of this promotor homology copy and transcribe inactivation (people such as Mette, EMBO J.19, (2000), 5194-5201).
The another kind possibility method that reduces protein enzymatic activity in vegetable cell and the plant is so-called immunomodulatory method.But the antibody of known specific recognition plant protein can cause the formation of protein antibody complex body in endophytic expression, thereby make the activity of related protein in the corresponding vegetable cell reduce (Conrad and Manteufel, Trends in Plant Science 6, (2001), 399-402; People such as DeJaeger, Plant Molecular Biology 43, (2000), 419-428; People such as Jobling, Nature Biotechnology 21, (2003), 77-80).
All these methods all based on introduce one or more exogenous nucleic acid molecule in the genome of vegetable cell or plant, therefore are suitable for preparing vegetable cell of the present invention and plant of the present invention basically.
In another embodiment of the present invention, vegetable cell of the present invention or plant of the present invention comprise the vegetable cell of plant of storage strach or the plant of storage strach.Example of the plant of storage strach such as corn, rice, wheat, rye, oat, barley, cassava, potato, sweet potato, sago, mung bean, banana, pea, Arabidopis thaliana, turmeric or Chinese sorghum plant.Especially preferred rice, special preferably wheat plant.
Another embodiment of the present invention relates to genetically modified vegetable cell of the present invention or genetically modified plant of the present invention, and wherein genetic modification comprises at least one exogenous nucleic acid molecule of introducing in this Plant Genome.
Term " genetic modification " is meant herein, introduces homology and/or heterology exogenous nucleic acid molecule in vegetable cell genome or Plant Genome, and the introducing of wherein said molecule causes the enhancing or the reduction of protein active of the present invention.
By introducing exogenous nucleic acid molecule, modify the correlated inheritance information of vegetable cell of the present invention or plant of the present invention.The existence of exogenous nucleic acid molecule or expression cause the change of phenotype." phenotype " herein changes of preferred phalangeal cell or the measurability of multinomial function changes.For example, owing to introduce the existence or the expression of nucleic acid molecule, activity of proteins of the present invention strengthens or reduces in the genetically modified plant of the vegetable cell that the present invention is genetically modified or the present invention.
In conjunction with the present invention, term " exogenous nucleic acid molecule " is interpreted as a kind of molecule, described molecule is not natural to be present in the corresponding wild-type plant cell, or its special spatial disposition of not natural existence in the wild-type plant cell, or it is in the not natural existence in the genomic location of wild-type vegetable cell.Preferred exogenous nucleic acid molecule is a recombinant molecule, and described molecule is made up of different elements, and its combination or specificity spatial disposition are not natural to be present in the vegetable cell.
In principle, exogenous nucleic acid molecule can be for causing any nucleic acid molecule of protein active enhanced of the present invention in thing cell or plant.
In conjunction with the present invention, the summation of the genetic material that term " genome " is interpreted as existing in the vegetable cell.As well known to those skilled in the art, except nucleus, (as plastid, plastosome) also contains genetic material in other compartments.
The preferred embodiments of the invention relate to genetically modified vegetable cell of the present invention or genetically modified plant of the present invention, wherein this genetic modification comprises at least one exogenous nucleic acid molecule of introducing in this Plant Genome, and this exogenous nucleic acid molecule encoding protein of the present invention.
Another embodiment of the present invention relates to genetically modified vegetable cell of the present invention or genetically modified plant of the present invention, wherein this genetic modification comprises at least one exogenous nucleic acid molecule of introducing in this Plant Genome, and wherein this exogenous nucleic acid molecule comprises nucleic acid molecule of the present invention, preferably isolating nucleic acid molecule of the present invention from Arabidopis thaliana, especially preferably isolating nucleic acid molecule of the present invention from rice.
Many technology can be used for introducing DNA in plant host cell.These technology comprise, with Agrobacterium tumefaciems (Agrobacterium tumefaciens) or rhizobiaceae (Agrobacteriumrhizogenes) is that conversion medium is passed through T-DNA transformed plant cells, protoplastis fusion, injection, DNA electroporation, introduced DNA by biological projectile method, and additive method.
Use agrobacterium-mediated vegetable cell to transform and obtained further investigation, and be specified in EP120516; Hoekema, The Binary Plant Vector System OffsetdrukkerijKanters B.V., Alblasserdam (1985), chapter 5; People such as Fraley, Crit.Rev.PlantSci.4, people .EMBO such as 1-46 and An J.4, (1985), 277-287.Transform the people such as the visible Rocha-Sosa of example of potato, EMBO J.8, (1989), 29-33.
Transform based on edaphic bacillus, the monocotyledons by carrier transforms and has also seen description (people such as Chan, Plant Mol.Biol.22, (1993), 491-506; People such as Hiei, Plant J.6, (1994) 271-282; People such as Deng, Science in China 33, (1990), 28-34; People such as Wilmink, Plant Cell Reports 11, (1992), 76-80; People such as May, Bio/Technology 13, (1995), 486-492; Conner and Domisse, Int.J.Plant Sci.153 (1992), 550-555; People such as Ritchie, Transgenic Res.2, (1993), 252-265) .153 (1992), 550-555; People such as Ritchie, Transgenic Res.2, (1993), 252-265).Another system that monocotyledons transforms transforms (Wan and Lemaux, Plant Physio.104, (1994), 37-48 by biological projectile method; People such as Vasil, Bio/Technology 11 (1993), 1553-1558; People such as Ritala, Plant Mol.Biol.24, (1994), 317-325; People such as Spencer, Theor.Appl.Genet.79, (1990), 625-631), protoplast transformation, the penetrating cell of electroporation part and introduce DNA by glass fibre.Particularly the conversion of corn has repeatedly been described in the literature and (has been consulted, as W095/06128, EP0513849, EP0465875, EP0292435; People such as Fromm, Biotechnology 8, (1990), 833-844; People such as Gordon-Kamm, Plant Cell 2, (1990), 603-618; People such as Koziel, Biotechnology 11 (1993), 194-200; People such as Moroc, Theor.Appl.Genet.80, (1990), 721-726).
The conversion of the success of other types cereals has also been described, for example barley (Wan and Lemaux are on seeing; People such as Ritala are on seeing; People such as Krens, Nature 296, (1982), 72-74), and wheat (people such as Nehra, Plant J.5, (1994), 285-297).All aforesaid methods all are suitable within the scope of the present invention.
Except additive method,, vegetable cell of the present invention and plant of the present invention be present in exogenous nucleic acid molecule in wild-type plant cell or the wild-type plant because containing non-natural; Perhaps because this molecule is incorporated into a certain site in vegetable cell genome of the present invention or the Plant Genome of the present invention, and in wild-type vegetable cell or wild-type plant, can naturally not be present in this site, promptly, be in the different genome environment, vegetable cell of the present invention and plant of the present invention can be distinguished with wild-type plant cell and wild-type plant respectively, in addition, the difference of this type of vegetable cell of the present invention and plant of the present invention and wild-type plant cell and wild-type plant also is, the natural copy of this molecule, the exogenous nucleic acid molecule that they also have at least one copy is stably integrated in its genome in wild-type plant cell or wild-type plant.Be respectively the natural additional copy that has molecule in wild-type plant cell or the wild-type plant if introduce these one or more exogenous nucleic acid molecule of vegetable cell of the present invention or plant of the present invention, then vegetable cell of the present invention and plant of the present invention can be distinguished with wild-type plant cell and wild-type plant respectively, especially this one or more additional copies position in genome be not it or they in wild-type vegetable cell or wild-type plant the situation of naturally occurring position.This point can be by confirming as the Southern engram analysis.
In addition, preferably according at least one following feature, vegetable cell of the present invention and plant of the present invention are distinguished with wild-type plant cell and wild-type plant respectively:, contain the transcript of introducing nucleic acid molecule in vegetable cell then of the present invention and the plant of the present invention for vegetable cell or plant if the allogenic gene of introducing is a heterology.These can be by confirming as Northern engram analysis or RT-PCR (inverse transcription polymerase chain reaction).Preferably contain in protein active enhanced of the present invention vegetable cell of the present invention and the plant of the present invention by the protein of introducing nucleic acid molecule encoding.Can be by immunological method, particularly by proving as the Western engram analysis.For not genetically modified corresponding wild-type plant cell or wild-type plant, when vegetable cell of the present invention that protein active of the present invention reduces and plant of the present invention used described immunological method to detect, the amount of its related protein descended.
If the allogenic gene of introducing is a homologous for vegetable cell or plant, then can by as the extra expression of the exogenous nucleic acid molecule introduced vegetable cell of the present invention and plant of the present invention are distinguished with wild-type plant cell and wild-type plant respectively.Vegetable cell of the present invention and plant optimization of the present invention contain the transcript of exogenous nucleic acid molecule.This point can be by confirming as Northern engram analysis or so-called quantitative PCR.
In specific embodiment, vegetable cell of the present invention and plant of the present invention are respectively transgenic plant cells or transgenic plant.
In another embodiment of the present invention, with respect to for isolating not genetically modified starch wild-type plant cell or the wild-type plant, the starch of vegetable cell of the present invention and phytosynthesis modification of the present invention.
In conjunction with the present invention, term " starch of modification " is meant that this starch with respect to for the not genetically modified starch that obtains in corresponding wild-type plant cell or the wild-type plant, has the physical-chemical characteristic of change.
In another embodiment, the starch of vegetable cell of the present invention or phytosynthesis modification of the present invention, described starch is compared with isolating starch in corresponding wild-type plant cell or the wild-type plant, and its starch phosphate ester content increases and/or phosphoric acid ester distributes changes.
In another embodiment of the inventive method, the starch of vegetable cell of the present invention or phytosynthesis modification of the present invention, compare with the starch in corresponding not genetically modified wild-type plant cell or the not genetically modified plant, the ratio of the C-3/C-6 of the starch-phosphate of described starch changes.Especially preferred starch herein, the corresponding starch height in wild-type plant cell that the starch-phosphate that wherein is incorporated into the C-3 position and the ratio of the starch-phosphate that is incorporated into the C-6 position are not genetically modified or the not genetically modified plant.
In conjunction with the present invention, term " phosphoric acid ester distribution " is interpreted as, and the starch-phosphate that is incorporated into glucose molecule C-2 position, C-3 position or C-6 position accounts for α-1 respectively, the ratio of the starch-phosphate total content of 4-dextran.
In conjunction with the present invention, term " C-2/C-3/C-6 ratio " is interpreted as, based on relevant α-1, and the total content of starch-phosphate in the 4-dextran (C-2 position+C-3 position+C-6 position), α-1 is incorporated into the shared ratio of starch-phosphate of C-2 position, C-3 position or C-6 position respectively in the 4-dextran.
In conjunction with the present invention, term " C-3/C-6 ratio " is interpreted as, and based on relevant α-1, is incorporated into the summation (C-3 position+C-6 position) of the starch-phosphate of C-3 position and C-6 position in the 4-dextran, α-1 is incorporated into the shared ratio of starch-phosphate of C-3 position and C-6 position respectively in the 4-dextran.
Another object of the present invention is the vegetable cell of the present invention or the plant of the present invention of synthesis modification starch, wherein this treated starch is characterised in that, wherein is covalently bonded in the phosphate ester content on the glucose molecule C-3 position in the starch and is higher than starch in corresponding wild type vegetable cell or the wild-type plant.
Another object of the present invention is the plant that contains vegetable cell of the present invention.
Sequence description
SEQ ID NO 1: the nucleotide sequence that contains Arabidopis thaliana A.t.-OK1 protein coding region.This sequence insertion vector OK1-pGEM-T and OK1-pDEST TMIn 17.
SEQ ID NO 2: the proteinic aminoacid sequence of coding Arabidopis thaliana A.t.-OK1.This sequence can get the nucleotide sequence shown in the SEQ ID NO 1 freely.
SEQ ID NO 3: the nucleotide sequence that contains rice (Oryza sativa) O.s.-OK1 protein coding region.Among this sequence insertion vector MI50.
SEQ ID NO 4: the proteinic aminoacid sequence of coding rice O.s.-OK1.This sequence can get the nucleotide sequence shown in the SEQ ID NO 3 freely.
SEQ ID NO 5: the peptide sequence of the proteinic phosphohistidine structural domain of OK1 in coding Arabidopis thaliana, rice and the dichromatism grain broomcorn millet.
SEQ ID NO 6: the contained peptide sequence of the coding proteinic aminoacid sequence of barley H.v-OK1.
SEQ ID NO 7: the contained peptide sequence of the coding proteinic aminoacid sequence of barley H.v-OK1.
SEQ ID NO 8: the contained peptide sequence of the coding proteinic aminoacid sequence of barley H.v-OK1.
SEQ ID NO 9: the proteinic part nucleotide sequence of coding barley H.v-OK1.By " Blast retrieval " function in the TIGR database, use the peptide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO 6, SEQ ID NO 7 and the SEQID NO 8, this nucleotide sequence is identified.
SEQ ID NO 10: the proteinic partial amino-acid series of coding barley H.v-OK1.Shown in aminoacid sequence can derive from the nucleotide sequence shown in the SEQ ID NO 9.
SEQ ID NO 11: the contained peptide sequence of the coding proteinic aminoacid sequence of potato S.t-OK1.
SEQ ID NO 12: the contained peptide sequence of the coding proteinic aminoacid sequence of potato S.t-OK1.
SEQ ID NO 13: the contained peptide sequence of the coding proteinic aminoacid sequence of potato S.t-OK1.
SEQ ID NO 14: the contained peptide sequence of the coding proteinic aminoacid sequence of potato S.t-OK1.
SEQ ID NO 15: the proteinic part nucleotide sequence of coding potato S.t-OK1.By " Blast retrieval " function in the TIGR database, use the peptide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO 11, SEQ ID NO 12, SEQ ID NO 13 and the SEQ ID NO 14, this nucleotide sequence is identified.
SEQ ID NO 16: the proteinic partial amino-acid series of coding potato S.t-OK1.Shown in aminoacid sequence can derive from the nucleotide sequence shown in the SEQ ID NO 15.
SEQ ID NO 17: the contained peptide sequence of the coding proteinic aminoacid sequence of broomcorn millet S.b-OK1.
SEQ ID NO 18: the contained peptide sequence of the coding proteinic aminoacid sequence of broomcorn millet S.b-OK1.
SEQ ID NO 19: the contained peptide sequence of the coding proteinic aminoacid sequence of broomcorn millet S.b-OK1.
SEQ ID NO 20: the contained peptide sequence of the coding proteinic aminoacid sequence of broomcorn millet S.b-OK1.
SEQ ID NO 21: the proteinic part nucleotide sequence of coding broomcorn millet S.b-OK1.By " Blast retrieval " function in the TIGR database, use the peptide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO 17, SEQ ID NO 18, SEQID NO 19 and the SEQ ID NO 20, this nucleotide sequence is identified.
SEQ ID NO 22: the proteinic partial amino-acid series of coding broomcorn millet S.b-OKI.Shown in aminoacid sequence can derive from the nucleotide sequence shown in the SEQ ID NO 21.
SEQ ID NO 23: the contained peptide sequence of the coding proteinic aminoacid sequence of wheat T.a-OK1.
SEQ ID NO 24: the contained peptide sequence of the coding proteinic aminoacid sequence of wheat T.a-OK1.
SEQ ID NO 25: the proteinic part nucleotide sequence of coding wheat T.a-OK1.By " Blast retrieval " function in the TIGR database, use the peptide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO 23 and the SEQ ID NO24, this nucleotide sequence is identified.
SEQ ID NO 26: the proteinic partial amino-acid series of coding wheat T.a-OK1.Shown in aminoacid sequence can derive from the nucleotide sequence shown in the SEQ ID NO 25.
Accompanying drawing is described
Fig. 1: identify the denaturing acrylamide gel of arabidopsis thaliana protein, compare this protein preferred combination non-phosphorylating starch with phosphorylated starch.The standard protein molecular weight marker is represented with trace " M ".Incubation is from embodiment 1d) in contrast prepared product C after the protein of gained represent with trace " _ ".The arabidopsis thaliana protein extract that separation obtains behind the non-phosphorylating starch incubation of Arabidopis thaliana sex1-3 mutant leaf (prepared product B, embodiment 1d)) represents with trace " K ".With separate from the starch incubation of Arabidopis thaliana sex1-3 mutant leaf, the arabidopsis thaliana protein extract (prepared product A, embodiment 1d) that obtains in external extra phosphorylation by R1 protein then), represent with trace " P ".Electrophoresis dyes to acrylamide gel with Coomassie blue after finishing.
Fig. 2: show the proteinic autophosphorylation activity of OK1.Fig. 2 A) is depicted as sex change (SDS) acrylamide gel of Coomassie blue stain behind the electrophoresis.Fig. 2 B) is depicted as the radioactive automatic developing of sex change (SDS) acrylamide gel.The same sample that on two kinds of glue, adds equivalent respectively.M: standard protein molecular weight marker; Sample (behind OK1 protein and the common incubation of ATP) among R1: the embodiment 7 in the reaction vessel 1; Sample (behind OK1 protein and the common incubation of ATP, protein being heated to 95 ℃) among R2: the embodiment 7 in the reaction vessel 2; Sample (behind the common incubation of OK1 protein and ATP, incubation protein in 0.5M HCl) among R3: the embodiment 7 in the reaction vessel 3; Sample (behind the common incubation of OK1 protein and ATP, incubation protein in 0.5M NaOH) among R4: the embodiment 7 in the reaction vessel 4.
Fig. 3: show the proteinic starch phosphorylation activity of OK1 (seeing embodiment 6).With OK1 protein and the non-phosphorylating starch (prepared product A) that separates from Arabidopis thaliana sex1-3 mutant leaf, and separate from Arabidopis thaliana sex1-3 mutant leaf and by R1 protein at the common incubation of the starch (prepared product B) of the external property recalled phosphorylation.Prepared product C is identical with prepared product B, does not have OK1 protein when being this prepared product C incubation.Carry out twice independent test (test 1 and test 2) for each prepared product (A, B, C).Introducing non-phosphorylating starch (prepared product A) and phosphorylated starch (prepared product B) 33The respective amount of the phosphoric acid of p mark shows as figure in cpm (count per minute).
Fig. 4: in the starch glucose molecule respectively by the comparison (seeing embodiment 9) of the position of the C atom of R1 protein and OK1 protein phosphorylation.OK1 protein (prepared product A) exists 33Among the ATP of P mark, with separate from Arabidopis thaliana sex1-3 mutant leaf and by R1 protein at the common incubation of the starch of the external property recalled phosphorylation.R1 protein (prepared product B) exists 33Among the ATP of P mark, with the common incubation of starch that separates from Arabidopis thaliana sex1-3 mutant leaf.After incubation is finished starch is carried out thorough hydrolysis, the hydrolysate that uses the HPAE chromatographic separation to obtain.Add G-6-P and glucose-3-phosphoric acid in the separate forward hydrolysate as standard.Hydrolysate by the HPAE chromatographic separation is collected with independent fraction.The G-6-P and the together elution of fraction 15 that add, and the glucose-3-phosphoric acid of adding and fraction 17 together elution get.Check subsequently and obtain whether existing in the fraction radiolabeled phosphoric acid.Be illustrated as introducing in the phosphorylated starch hydrolysate of recording in each fraction by OK1 protein or R1 protein 33The amount of the phosphoric acid of P mark is represented with cpm (count per minute).
Fig. 5: show the proteinic autophosphorylation of OK1.Fig. 5 A) shows the Western trace.Fig. 5 B) radioautograph of demonstration sex change (SDS) acrylamide gel.The same sample that on two glue, adds equivalent.OK1 protein and radiolabeled ATP at random or on the γ position the common incubation of the radioactive ATP of specific marker.After incubation is finished, protein is heated to 30 ℃ or 95 ℃, or the difference incubation is in 0.5M NaOH or 0.5M HCl.
Fig. 6: be presented in the catalytic reaction of OK1 protein among the ATP β phosphoric acid ester residue to the transfer of starch.Use in the γ position 33The ATP of P specific mark or randomized 33PATP is used for coming phosphorylated starch by OK1 protein, and this starch separates in external phosphorylation and from the leaf of Arabidopis thaliana sex1-3 mutant by R1 protein.Do not add OK1 protein in the test of any being called " contrast ".Twice of each prepared product independent detection.Be depicted as the result of twice detection.
Fig. 7: use the proteinic antibody of anti-Arabidopis thaliana OK1 to carry out the Western engram analysis of plant protein extract.Shown the protein extract in the following plants leaf: Ara, Arabidopis thaliana; 51,54,55,67,72,73,79,62,63,64,65,69,66,68 is the independent system of planting of 385JH transformant; D, wild-type potato cv D é sir é e.
General method
The method that can be used for implementing the inventive method has below been described.These methods have been formed specific embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited in these embodiments.One skilled in the art will appreciate that by modifying described method and/or, can finishing the present invention in the same manner by replace the part separately of these methods with the alternative part of described method.
1. prepare protein extract from plant tissue
A) prepare protein extract from plant tissue
Freezing in liquid nitrogen immediately behind the collection leaf material, under the liquid nitrogen condition, use mortar homogenate subsequently.The leaf material that grinds mixes with cold (4 ℃) binding buffer liquid of about 3.5 times of amounts (for the weight of used leaf material), and uses Ultraturrax (the most at a high speed) to macerate 2 * 10 seconds.After handling with Ultraturrax for the first time, the leaf material cooled on ice that grinds is handled until carrying out the second time.Make leaf material after the processing by 100 μ m nylon wires, and centrifugal 20 minutes (50ml centrifuge tube, 20,000 * g, 4 ℃).
B) contained protein in the precipitating proteins extract
Remove according to the supernatant liquor of the centrifugal gained of step a) and measure its volume.Be precipitating proteins, under stirring on ice in 30 minutes in supernatant liquor continuously ammonium sulfate to final concentration be 75% (weight/volume).Subsequently with supernatant liquor incubation 1 hour again under stirring on ice.From the sedimentary protein of supernatant liquor with 20,000 * g 4 ℃ of following sedimentations 10 minutes, subsequently with resolution of precipitate in 5ml binding buffer liquid, be about to the protein dissolving in the precipitation.
C) desalination of precipitating proteins
Under 4 ℃ of temperature, use the PD10 post (AmershamBioscience that fills Sephadex G25, Freiburg, post production number: 17-0851-01, Sephadex G25-M production number: 17-0033-01) make the desalination of dissolved protein, be about to be used for sedimentary ammonium sulfate in the step b) and separate from solubilising protein.In adding, before the dissolved protein, use binding buffer liquid balance PD10 post earlier as step b).For this reason, use the 5ml binding buffer liquid full post that distributes at every turn.In every post, add the protein soln that 2.5ml such as step b) obtain then, with 3.5ml binding buffer liquid protein is eluted from post subsequently.
D) determine protein concn
(production number 500-0006 (Bradford, 1976, Anal.Biochem.72,248-254)) determines protein concn for Biorad, Munich to use the Bradford assay method.
E) component of binding buffer liquid
Binding buffer liquid: 50mM HEPES/NaOH (or KOH), pH 7.2
1mM EDTA
2mM dithioerythritol (DTE)
The 2mM benzenyl amidine
The 2mM epsilon-amino caproic acid
0.5mM PMSF
0.02％ Triton X-100
2. separate leaf starch
A) separating starch particle from plant tissue
Freezing in liquid nitrogen immediately behind the collection leaf material.The leaf material is pressed a part homogenate under the liquid nitrogen in mortar, and be dissolved in the starch damping fluid that cumulative volume is about 2.5 times of amounts (weight/volume).In addition, this suspension of homogenate 20 seconds once more at full speed in Waring blender.Make this homogenate by nylon wire (the wide 100 μ m of mesh), and under 1,000 * g centrifugal 5 minutes.Discard the supernatant liquor that contains soluble protein.
B) purifying isolating starch from plant tissue
Be deposited on after green material on the starch removes this green material with starch damping fluid flushing, the amyloid resolution of precipitate that will be obtained by step a) is in the starch damping fluid, and continuously by the different nylon wire of width of mesh (order is 60 μ m, 30 μ m, 20 μ m).Use 10ml Percoll pad (cushion) (95% (v/v) Percoll (Pharmacia, Uppsala, Sweden), and 5% (v/v) 0.5M HEPES-KOH pH7.2) (the Correx test tube, 15 minutes, 2,000 * g) is centrifugal.With the pellet resuspended that obtains after centrifugal in starch damping fluid 1 time, and recentrifuge (5 minutes, 1,000 * g).
C) remove the protein that is incorporated into starch
Obtained containing starch granules with the starch conjugated protein according to step b).With the common incubation of 0.5%SDS (sodium lauryl sulphate) 4 times, each 10-15 minute and stir, can remove the protein that is incorporated into starch particle surface by at room temperature.All carry out after each washing centrifugal (5 minutes, 5,000 * g) so that from the corresponding washing damping fluid separating starch particle.
D) the nonprotein starch of purifying
Starch that not containing of at room temperature step c) being obtained subsequently is incorporated into its surface protein and the common incubation of lavation buffer solution 4 times, each 10-15 minute and stir.All carry out after each washing centrifugal (5 minutes, 1,000 * g) so that from the corresponding washing damping fluid separating starch particle.These purification steps mainly are in order to remove the SDS that incubation uses in the step c).
E) determine the concentration of separating starch
By light-intensity method determining step d) in the amount of separating starch.After suitably diluting, measure the optical density(OD) of starch suspension at wavelength 600nm place with respect to typical curve.The linearity range of typical curve is between 0 and 0.3 delustring unit.
Be the drawing standard curve, starch (for example separating the starch in Arabidopis thaliana sex1-3 mutant leaf) is dry in a vacuum, weighing also is dissolved in the true quantitative water.A few step dilute with waters of suspension process (each ratio is 1: 1) of gained are until the starch suspension that obtains the about 5 μ g starch of every ml water.Measure the suspension that each step dilution obtains at wavelength 600nm place with photometer.The absorption value that each suspension obtains is mapped to the starch concentration in the corresponding suspension.The typical curve that obtains should meet the linear number mathematic(al) function in the scope of 0 μ g starch/ml water to 0.3 μ g starch/ml water.
F) store isolating starch
Starch can directly be used in other without storage and detect, and also can be stored in the Eppendorf pipe of 1.5ml in-20 ℃ of equal portions.If desired, for the method for describing among the present invention, can use refrigerated starch and starch that store, fresh separated about for example external phosphorylation and/or combination test.
G) composition of used damping fluid
1 * starch damping fluid: 20mM HEPES-KOH, pH 8.0
0.2mM EDTA
0.5％Triton X-100
Lavation buffer solution: 50mM HEPES/KOH, pH 7.2
3. starch-the phosphorylated protein of recombinant expressed evaluation
A) preparation contains the bacterial expression vector of the proteinic cDNA of coding starch phosphorylation
For example, use mRNA or poly A-to add-mRNA conduct " template " from plant tissue, by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), can the proteinic cDNA of amplification coding starch phosphorylation.For this reason, with reversed transcriptive enzyme preparation and the proteinic mRNA complementary of coding starch phosphorylation cDNA chain, re-use archaeal dna polymerase amplification Related cDNAs chain earlier." test kit " that contain substrate, enzyme and carry out the PCR reaction descriptions can be bought and obtain (as SuperScript TMOne-Step RT-PCRSystem, Invitrogen, production number: 10928-034).The cDNA of coding starch phosphorylase of amplification can be cloned into bacterial expression vector such as pDEST then TMAmong 17 (1nvitrogen).PDEST TM17 include and can be used for the T7 promotor that initial T7-RNA polysaccharase is transcribed.In addition, expression vector pDEST TMIn 17 along T7 promotor 5 '-direction contains Shine Dalgarno sequence, is initiator codon (ATG) and so-called His label (tag) subsequently.This His label directly links to each other by six, all encoding histidine amino acid and the codon that is positioned at the reading frame of described initiator codon are formed.Between the codon of initiator codon, His label and coding starch phosphorylation protein cDNA translation having taken place has merged, thereby at pDEST TMClones coding starch phosphorylation protein in 17.Therefore, originating in transcribing and after subsequently translation finishes, having obtained starch phosphorylation protein of T7 promotor, its N-end has the additional amino acid that includes the His sign.
Yet, be applicable to that other carriers of expressing also can be used to express starch phosphorylation protein in microorganism.Expression vector and relevant expression strain thereof are conventionally known to one of skill in the art, and can sentence suitable group purchase acquisition from suitable dealer.
B) in intestinal bacteria, prepare cloning by expression
At first, use the expression plasmid for preparing in the step a) to transform suitable conversion attitude coli strain, but described bacterial strain chromosome coding T7-RNA polysaccharase, 30 ℃ of overnight incubation on the substratum that agar solidifies then.The example of suitable expression strain as, but BL21 strain (the Invitrogen production number: C6010-03) of the T7-RNA polysaccharase under chromosome coding IPTG-inducible promoter (lacZ) regulation and control.
By method known to those skilled in the art, check to transform whether contain the required expression plasmid that contains coding starch phosphorylation protein cDNA in the bacterial clone that obtains.Obtain cloning by expression simultaneously.
C) at expression in escherichia coli starch phosphorylation protein
At first prepare pre-culture (preliminary culture).For this reason, will be inoculated in 30ml according to the cloning by expression that step b) obtains and contain among the antibiotic TerrificBroth (TB substratum) that selects the expression plasmid existence, and stir (250 rev/mins) overnight incubation down at 30 ℃.
Prepare the proteinic main culture of starch phosphorylation (main culture) then.For this reason, at every turn at the antibiotic 1L Erlenmeyer flask that contains the 300ml TB substratum that is preheated to 30 ℃ and be used for selecting expression plasmid to exist, each inoculates the suitable pre-culture of 10ml, and stir (250 rev/mins) down at 30 ℃ and cultivate down, (measure (OD in wavelength 600nm place until its optical density(OD) 600) reach about 0.8.
If being used to express starch phosphorylation proteinic is expression plasmid, but and in the described plasmid starch phosphorylation protein expression by initial (the expression vector pDEST among the coli strain BL21 for example of inducible system TM17, IPTG can induce), then when arriving OD 600Be at about 0.8 o'clock, in main culture, add relevant inductor (for example IPTG).After adding inductor, cultivate main culture down in 30 ℃ of stirrings (250 rev/mins), until its OD 600Reach about 1.8.Then with main culture cooled on ice 30 minutes, separate the cell of master culture subsequently from substratum by centrifugal (4,000 * g, 4 ℃ following 10 minutes).
4. purifying starch phosphorylated protein
A) the broken proteinic cell of starch phosphorylation of expressing
The cell that obtains in the 3rd step c) of general method is resuspended in the lysis buffer.Add about 4ml lysis buffer in wherein every approximately 1g cell.After the cell of resuspension is hatched 30 minutes on ice then, continuing with ice-cooled down with ultrasound probe (Berlin is provided with: cycle 6,70%, 1 minute for Baudelin Sonoplus UW 2070, Baudelin electronic) smudge cells.Operation herein should be careful when guaranteeing supersound process the temperature of cell suspending liquid be unlikely to too high.The suspension that obtains after the centrifugal supersound process (20,000 * g, 4 ℃ following 12 minutes), and filter the supernatant liquor that centrifugal back obtains with the filter of aperture 45 μ m.
B) purifying starch phosphorylated protein
If the starch phosphorylation protein of expressing in Bacillus coli cells is the fusion rotein that contains the His sign, then can use with the His label has the nickel ion of stronger binding affinity to carry out purifying.For this reason, with the filtrate and 1ml Ni-agar syrup (Qiagen, the production number: 30210) mix, and hatched 1 hour that obtain in the 25ml step d) on ice.Subsequently with sample on the mixture of this Ni-agar syrup and filtrate (Pierce, production number: 29920) on polystyrene columns.Discard the product that obtains by post.Add 8ml dissolving damping fluid then and wash this post, discard product once more by post.Gradation adds 1ml E1 damping fluid 2 times in post, adds 1ml E2 damping fluid then 1 time, adds 1ml E3 damping fluid subsequently 5 times, comes wash-out starch phosphorylation protein.By add the suitable elution buffer (E1, E2, E3 damping fluid) of part separately on post, the product that passes pillar of generation is collected with independent fraction.The aliquots containig of these fractions by sex change SDS acrylamide gel electrophoresis, is analyzed by Coomassie blue stain subsequently.The proteinic fraction of starch phosphorylation that contains q.s and satisfactory purity is by means of coming purifying 4 ℃ of following pressure filtrations and concentrating.For example, can (AmiconUltrafiltration Cell, Model 8010, production number: 5121), use Diaflo PM30 film (Millipore, production number: 13212) carry out pressure filtration at 4 ℃ by means of Amicon cell.Yet additive method well known by persons skilled in the art also can be used to concentrate.
C) composition of used damping fluid
Lysis buffer: 50mM HEPES
300mM NaCl
The 10mM imidazoles
PH 8.0 (regulating) with NaOH
1mg/ml N,O-Diacetylmuramidase (adding before using damping fluid at once)
1/4/10ml does not have proteinase inhibitor (Roche, the production number: 1873580) (add at once before using damping fluid) of EDTA fully
Elution buffer E1:50mM HEPES
300mM NaCl
The 50mM imidazoles
PH 8.0 (regulating) with NaOH
Elution buffer E2:50mM HEPES
300mM NaCl
The 75mM imidazoles
PH 8.0 (regulating) with NaOH
Elution buffer E3:50mM HEPES
300mM NaCl
The 250mM imidazoles
PH 8.0 (regulating) with NaOH
5. recombinant expressed R1 protein
The R1 recombinant expression of proteins be set forth in document (people such as Ritte, 2002, PNAS 99,7166-7171; People such as Mikkelsen, 2004, Biochemical Journal 377 525-532), but also can carry out about the recombinant expressed method of starch phosphorylation protein according to the 3rd of general method above is described.
6. purifying R1 protein
The R1 protein purification be set forth in document (people such as Ritte, 2002, PNAS 99,7166-7171; People such as Mikkelsen, people such as Mikkelsen, 2004, Biochemical Journal 377,525-532), if but the R1 protein expression produces in Bacillus coli cells is the R1 fused protein that contains the His sign, also can carry out purifying according to the 4th described method of general method above about the starch phosphorylation protein purification.
7. external by non-phosphorylating starch generation phosphorylated starch
A) external phosphorylation non-phosphorylating starch
The starch (for example use above the 2nd described method of general method separate) that does not contain starch-phosphate is mixed (the about 0.25 μ g R1 protein of every mg starch) with R1 damping fluid and purifying R1 protein, so that starch content is 25mg/ml from Arabidopis thaliana sex1-3 mutant leaf.At room temperature stir this prepared in reaction thing of incubation spend the night (about 15 hours).After this reaction is finished,, remove and be incorporated into the R1 on the starch in the prepared in reaction thing by the about 800 μ l0.5%SDS washing of each usefulness 4 times.Remove the SDS that still retains on the external phosphorylated starch 5 times with the washing of 1ml lavation buffer solution then at every turn.All washing steps all at room temperature stir and carried out 10-15 minute.All carry out centrifugal (10,000 * g, 2 minutes) after each washing, so as from corresponding SDS damping fluid or lavation buffer solution the separating starch particle.
B) composition of used damping fluid
The R1 damping fluid: 50mM HEPES/KOH, pH 7.5
1mM EDTA
6mM MgCl 2
0.5mM ATP
Lavation buffer solution: 50mM HEPES/KOH, pH 7.2
8. protein and phosphorylated starch or non-phosphorylating starch combines
A) isolation of phosphorylated starch protein complex or non-phosphorylating starch protein complex
About 50mg phosphorylated starch or about 50mg non-phosphorylating starch are resuspended to respectively in the separation prepared product of about 800 μ l protein extracts.Protein concn in the protein extract all should be about 4mg-5mg/ml.At room temperature phosphorylated starch or non-phosphorylating starch and protein extract were stirred incubation 15 minutes jointly.After incubation is finished, use the centrifugal prepared in reaction thing of Percoll pad (4ml) (3500 rev/mins, 4 ℃ following 15 minutes).After centrifugal, will in supernatant liquor, do not find and can remove with Pasteur's dropper with phosphorylated starch (or P-starch) bonded protein.Abandoning supernatant.Contain phosphorylated starch or non-phosphorylating starch, comprise the deposit seeds washing 2 times of the protein (being respectively phosphorylated starch protein complex or non-phosphorylating starch protein complex) that is incorporated into corresponding starch what obtain after centrifugal, each 1ml lavation buffer solution (on seeing, the 7th b of general method) stirred incubation 3 minutes down for 4 ℃.All carry out centrifugal (4 ℃ of following desk centrifuges, among the HettichEBA 12R 8000 rev/mins, 5 minutes) after each washing, so that from lavation buffer solution isolation of phosphorylated starch or non-phosphorylating starch respectively.
B) dissolving is incorporated into phosphorylated starch protein complex or the interior protein of non-phosphorylating starch protein complex respectively
The phosphorylated starch protein complex or the non-phosphorylating starch protein complex that obtain respectively in the step a) are resuspended in the SDS assay buffer of about 150 μ l, and at room temperature stirred incubation 15 minutes.Then by centrifugal (13,000 rev/mins of Eppendorf desk centrifuges, following 1 minute of room temperature) difference isolation of phosphorylated starch or non-phosphorylating starch from dissolved protein.The centrifugal supernatant liquor recentrifuge that obtains (13,000 rev/mins of Eppendorf desk centrifuges, following 1 minute of room temperature) is so that remove any residual of phosphorylated starch or non-phosphorylating starch respectively and remove it.The result is incorporated into the solubilising protein of phosphorylated starch or non-phosphorylating starch respectively.
C) composition of used damping fluid
SDS assay buffer: 187.5mM Tris/HCl pH 6.8
6％ SDS
30% glycerine
～0.015% tetrabromophenol sulfonphthalein
60mM DTE (time spent adding)
Percoll: use 25mM HEPES/KOH, the solution that pH 7.0 forms is with the Percoll dialysed overnight.
9. separation and combination is in the protein of phosphorylated starch and/or non-phosphorylating starch
Will be referred to the solubilising protein that obtains in protein and phosphorylated starch or the 8th step c) of non-phosphorylating starch bonded general method respectively 95 ℃ of following incubations 5 minutes, use denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to separate then.Wherein, be splined on the acrylamide gel by the solubilising protein that obtains in conjunction with phosphorylated starch with by the solubilising protein equivalent that obtains in conjunction with non-phosphorylating starch.At least the gel that obtains after finishing with gluey coomassie (Roth, Karlsruhe, Roti-Blue Rod.No.:Al52.1) dyeing electrophoresis spends the night, subsequently with 30% methyl alcohol, 5% acetate or the decolouring of 25% methyl alcohol.
10. evaluation and separation and combination are in the protein of phosphorylated starch and/or non-phosphorylating starch
A) identify the protein of phosphorylated starch comparison non-phosphorylating starch in conjunction with increased activity
Separate and poststaining manifests the protein of (see above general method the 9th) by acrylamide gel electrophoresis, with signal after phosphorylated starch combines with respect to strengthening with corresponding signal after non-phosphorylating starch combines, to phosphorylated starch comparison non-phosphorylating starch in conjunction with increased activity.By this approach, can identify the protein of phosphorylated starch comparison non-phosphorylating starch in conjunction with increased activity.To the protein in conjunction with increased activity that phosphorylated starch is compared non-phosphorylating starch be cut down from acrylamide gel.
B) identify the protein of phosphorylated starch comparison non-phosphorylating starch in conjunction with increased activity
With the protein of identifying in the tryptic digestion step a), the peptide that obtains by the MALDI-TOF methods analyst is determined the quality of gained peptide.Trypsinase is a kind of sequence-specific proteolytic enzyme, when promptly trypsinase only contains a certain aminoacid sequence in related protein, just cuts this protein at specific site.Trypsinase always cuts amino acids Arginine continuous from the terminal beginning of N-front and back and the peptide bond between Methionin.Can determine all peptides of producing behind the tryptic digestion aminoacid sequence like this, in theory.According to the amino acid encoding knowledge of determining peptide in theory, also can determine the quality of the peptide that obtains in theory behind the tryptic digestion.Therefore, can will contain the database of the theoretical peptide quality relevant information that obtains behind the tryptic digestion (as NCBlnr http://prospector.ucsf.edu/ucsfht ml4.0/msfit.htm; Swissprot http://cbrg.inf.ethz.ch/Server/MassSearch.ht ml), the actual peptide quality with the agnoprotein matter that obtains with MALDI-TOF-MS compares.The aminoacid sequence that contains identical peptide quality behind theoretical and/or actual tryptic digestion is regarded as identical.The peptide quality that had both contained known functional protein matter in the Relational database also contains the proteinic peptide quality that only exists by order-checking project gained nucleotide sequence corresponding amino acid sequence deutero-imagination at present.Therefore seldom showing such imaginary proteinic physical presence and function, even it really has function, often also is to be based upon on the fundamentals of forecasting rather than function that practical manifestation is come out.
To contain the proteinic band of step a) gained cuts out from acrylamide gel; Cut the acrylamide bar of little cutting-out, and under 37 ℃ at about 1ml 60%50Mm NH 4HCO 3, incubation decolours approximately half an hour in 40% acetonitrile.Remove de-inking solution then, with remaining gel vacuum-drying (as Speedvac).After the drying, add trypsin solution and digest protein contained in this gel strips.Digestion is spent the night under 37 ℃.After the digestion, add minor amounts of acetonitrile (be white until acrylamide gel), and with prepared product drying (as Speedvac) in a vacuum.After drying is finished, add 5% formic acid that is enough to cover dry ingredient just, and at 37 ℃ of following incubation several minutes.Repeat acetonitrile treatment and subsequent drying again.Then dry ingredient is dissolved among the 0.1%TFA (trifluoroacetic acid, 5 μ l to 10 μ l), and gets about 0.5 μ l part minim on carrier.Also equivalent matrix (s-itrile group-4-hydroxyl-styracin) is placed on the carrier.After crystallization is separated out from matrix, by MALDI-TOF-MS-MS (as Burker ReflexTM II, Bruker Daltonic, method Bremen) is determined the peptide quality.According to the quality of gained, search database is sought the aminoacid sequence through having equal in quality behind the theoretical tryptic digestion.Like this can the proteinic aminoacid sequence of identification code, described protein preferred combination is in phosphorylation α-1,4-dextran and/or with phosphorylation α-1, the 4-dextran is a substrate.
11. confirm the method for proteinic starch-phosphorylation activity
A) the common incubation protein of phosphorylated starch and/or non-phosphorylating starch
For confirming whether protein has the starch phosphorylation activity, can will wait to study protein and starch and the common incubation of radiolabeled ATP.For this reason, will about 5mg phosphorylated starch in 500 μ l phosphorylation damping fluids under the room temperature or about 5mg non-phosphorylating starch and testing protein (every mg starch 0.01 μ g to 5.0 μ g) stirred incubation jointly 10 minutes to 30 minutes.Add then SDS to concentration be 2% (weight/volume) termination reaction.The centrifugal starch granules (13,000 * g, 1 minute) that goes out in the respective reaction mixture, and with 900 μ l 2%SDS solution washings 1 time, each 900 μ l 2mMATP solution washings 4 times.Each washing is all at room temperature stirred and was carried out 15 minutes.Pass through centrifugal (13,000 * g, 1 minute) separating starch particle from corresponding lavation buffer solution behind each washing step.
In addition, when implementing the active test of proof protein starch phosphorylation, should will not contain protein or inactivating proteins but all identical other prepared in reaction thing of other processing with the prepared in reaction thing in contrast.
B) definite amount of introducing the phosphoric acid ester residue in phosphorylated starch and/or the non-phosphorylating starch owing to enzymic activity
Whether there is radiolabeled phosphoric acid ester residue in the starch granules that inspection obtains according to step a)., corresponding starch is resuspended in the 100 μ l water for this reason, and each and 3ml flicker mixture (ReadySafe for example TM, BECKMANN Coulter) mix, use scintillometer (LS 6500 Multi-Purpose Scintillation Counter for example, BECKMANN COULTER then TM) analyze.
C) identify that preferred is the protein of substrate with the phosphorylated starch
If the method for describing according to step a) is with protein incubation in separating prepared product, once another time and non-phosphorylating starch with phosphorylated starch, then, can determine whether related protein has introduced more phosphoric acid with respect to non-phosphorylating starch in phosphorylated starch by comparing value according to the phosphorylated starch of step b) gained.Therefore, also can identify the protein that in phosphorylated starch, to introduce phosphoric acid but can not in non-phosphorylating starch, introduce, can identify that promptly the starch of phosphorylation is that substrate is to carry out the protein of further phosphorylation reaction.
D) composition of used damping fluid
The phosphorylation damping fluid:
50mM HEPES/KOH，pH 7.5
1mM EDTA
6mM MgCl 2
0.01 to 0.5mM ATP
0.2 it is randomized to 2 μ Ci/ml 33P-ATP (alternatively, also can use the ATP that contains at the phosphoric acid ester residue of γ position specific mark).
Term among the present invention " randomization ATP " is meant the ATP that all contains underlined phosphoric acid ester residue on γ position and β position, and (people 2002 such as Ritte, PNAS 99,7166-7171).Randomization ATP is also referred to as β/γ ATP in scientific literature.Hereinafter be described as preparing the method for randomization ATP.
I) preparation randomization ATP
The method for preparing randomization ATP by enzymatic reaction described herein is based on following reaction mechanism:
1. reactions steps 1
( )
2. reactions steps 2
( )
Molecular balance depends on and is in product on one side, but however, this reaction still can produce mainly by β 33P-ATP and some γ 33The mixture that P-ATP forms.
Ii) carry out the reaction of the 1st step
To contain the γ position uses 33(100uCi is 3000Ci/mmol) with 2 μ l myokinase (the AMP-phosphotransferases that come from rabbit muscle for the ATP of the phosphoric acid ester residue of P (Hartmann Analytic, 10 μ Ci/ μ l) mark; SIGMA, production number: M30033.8mg/ml, the 37 ℃ of incubations 1 hour in 90 μ l randomization damping fluids of 1,626 unit/mg).Then in 12 minutes termination reactions of 95 ℃ of incubations.Use Microcon YM 10 filters (Amicon, Millipore production number 42407) with 14 subsequently, at least 10 minutes purification reaction prepared products of 000xg centrifuging.
Iii) carry out the reaction of the 2nd step
To step I i) in add 2 μ l pyruvate kinases (preparation about suitable solution sees below) and 3 μ l 50mM PEP (phosphoenolpyruvic acid) in the filtrate that obtains.This reaction mixture of 30 ℃ of following incubations 45 minutes, subsequently in 12 minutes termination reactions of 95 ℃ of following incubations.Centrifugal reaction mixture (12,000 rev/mins of Eppendorf desk centrifuges, 2 minutes) then.Remove the supernatant liquor that contains randomization ATP that obtains after centrifugal, five equilibrium also is stored in-20 ℃.
Preparation pyruvate kinase solution
Centrifugally go out 15 μ l pyruvate kinases (from rabbit muscle, Roche production number 12815,10mg/ml, 200 units/mg are under 25 ℃), abandoning supernatant is dissolved in precipitation in the 27 μ l pyruvate kinase damping fluids.
Iv) used damping fluid
Pyruvate kinase damping fluid: 50mM HEPES/KOH pH 7.5
1mM EDTA
Randomization damping fluid: 100mM HEPES/KOH pH 7.5
1mM EDTA
10% glycerine
5mM MgCl 2
5mM KCl
0.1mM ATP
0.3mM AMP
12. confirm proteinic autophosphorylation
For confirming whether protein has the autophosphorylation activity, with testing protein and the common incubation of radiolabeled ATP.For this reason, with testing protein (50 μ g to 100 μ g) (on seeing, general method 12d) bar in 220 μ l phosphorylation damping fluids) at room temperature stirred incubation 30 minutes to 90 minutes.Adding EDTA then is that 0.11M is with termination reaction to final concentration.Use denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (7.5% acrylamide gel) to isolate about 2 μ g to 4 μ g protein subsequently.The gel that polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is obtained carries out radioautograph.The protein that demonstrates signal in radioautograph has radiophosphorus acid esters residue.
13. identify α-1, introduce the C-atom site of phosphoric acid ester residue in the glucose molecule of 4-dextran by starch phosphorylation protein
Under the condition of control, the phosphorylation dextran that hydrolysis obtains outward by suitable aleuroplast, then separate glucose monomer that hydrolysis obtains, measure the phosphoric acid of introducing by this protein in this glucose molecule fraction again, can confirm α-1, which the C atom site in the glucose molecule of 4-dextran is by protein phosphorylation.
A) α-1, the complete hydrolysis of 4-dextran
The centrifugal α-1 that contains, the aqeous suspension of 4-dextran is resuspended to deposit seeds (Baker analyzes and uses) in the 0.7MHCl then, and stirs incubation 2 hours down at 95 ℃.After incubation is finished, of short duration cooling and centrifugal sample (for example 10,000 * g, 2 minutes).The supernatant liquor that obtains is transferred in the new reaction vessel, and added 2M NaOH (Baker analyzes and uses) neutralization.If there is precipitation, then it is resuspended in the 100 μ l water, the phosphoric acid amount of definite wherein mark is in contrast.
Centrifugal neutral supernatant liquor in the 10kDa filter subsequently.By the sample aliquot of the filtrate that measures, can use the amount of determining the phosphoric acid of mark in the filtrate as scintillometer.
B) position of hydrolysate classification and definite phosphorylation C-atom
By the neutralization filtrate (when using radio-labeling ATP, about 3000cpm) that can separate the hydrolysate that obtains by step a) as high pressure anion-exchange chromatography (HPAE).Available H 2O dilution neutralization filtrate is to obtain the required volume of HPAE.In addition, in suitable filtrate, add G-6-P (about 0.15mM) and glucose-3-phosphoric acid (about 0.3mM) respectively as internal contrast.By as Dionex DX 600Bio Lc system, use CarboPac PA 100 posts (having suitable preparation post) and pulsed current detector (ED 50), can separate by HPAE.Wherein, before injected sample, earlier washed post 10 minutes with 99% elutriant C and 1% elutriant D.Inject the sample size of 60 μ l then.The elution requirement of sample is as follows:
Flow velocity: 1ml/ minute
Gradient: linear increasing from 0 minute to 30 minutes
Eluent C: eluent D:
0 minute 99% 1%
30 minutes 0% 100%
35 minutes 0% 100%
End of run
Collect the hydrolysate of each fraction of wash-out from post respectively, each fraction 1ml.Owing in the hydrolyzation sample of injection, added unlabelled glucose-3-phosphoric acid (people .2002 such as Ritte respectively, PNAS 99,7166-7171) with unlabelled G-6-P (Sigma, production number G7879) as internal standard, so can determine to contain the fraction of glucose-3-phosphoric acid or G-6-P by the pulsed current detector.By measuring the amount of the phosphoric acid of mark in each fraction, and compare, can determine that those contain the fraction of underlined glucose-3-phosphoric acid or G-6-P with the fraction that contains glucose-3-phosphoric acid or G-6-P.Determine the amount of the phosphoric acid of relevant fraction acceptance of the bid note.According to the glucose-3-phosphoric acid of the mark phosphoric acid gained of measuring in each hydrolysate and the ratio of G-6-P amount, can determine which C-atom site is α-1,4-glucosan phosphorylase preferably phosphoric acidization.
C) used damping fluid
Elutriant C:100mM NaOH
Elutriant D:100mM NaOH
The 500mM sodium-acetate
14. the sample that preparation is checked order with Q-TOF-MS-MS
A) general remark
At first, cut into less segment with also being present in the isolated protein that cuts out in the polyacrylamide gel in the strips by the method for tryptic digestion.The peptide that forms is imported in the mixed type mass spectrograph (hybrid mass spectrometer), and described mictoplasm spectrometer is time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF) and the mass spectrometric coupling connection of four pole type.In the fs of measuring, first mass spectrograph (four pole type) is " cutting out " state, can determine that digestion forms the quality of peptide by the TOF mass spectrograph.In subordinate phase, " leach " peptide of selecting with four utmost points, promptly only there is this peptide can pass through four utmost points, every other peptide all can not.This peptide is interrupted with charged gas molecule collision in " collision cell " subsequently.Herein " interrupting " mainly occurs in the peptide bond place.Therefore form more or less quality difference, be the peptide fragment of statistical distribution.Then can be by " classification " these fragments to determine the aminoacid sequence of these peptides.If obtain the eclipsed peptide, then can obtain proteinic aminoacid sequence.Mass spectrometry identify and order-checking in be applied as conventionally known to one of skill in the artly, and be described in detail in the technical literature [P.Michael Conn (writing) for example, 2003, Humana Press, New Jersey, ISBN:1-58829-340-8]; J.R.Chapman (writing), 2000, Humana Press, SBN:089603609X].
B) reduction and the proteinic cysteine residues of alkanisation
By before isolated protein, carrying out gel electrophoresis, can reduce/alkylation contains the protein amino acid sequence to be analyzed of cysteine residues.For this reason, the isolating protein of stand-by gel electrophoresis is mixed with SDS sample buffer (must not contain any DTT or beta-mercaptoethanol).In these samples, add then freshly prepd DTT to final concentration be 10mM, and with sample 95 ℃ of following incubations 3 minutes.The cooling sample is to room temperature, and adding freshly prepd iodo-acid amide (iodacetamide) to final concentration is 20mM.Room temperature incubation sample is 20 minutes in the dark.Then by contained protein in the method sample separation of acrylamide gel electrophoresis.
C) protein is separated from acrylamide gel
The use clean scalper of " blunt " as far as possible cuts out the protein band that contains protein sequence to be determined, and (the about 1mm that is cut into small pieces 3-cubes).With cutting the reaction vessel that little gel film places 0.5ml or 1.5ml, by of short duration centrifugation.
D) gel strips of decolouring and cutting out
If what use is the silver ions stained gel, be that 1: 1 the 30mM hydroferricyanic acid potassium and the complete submergence of solution of 100mM Sulfothiorine are also stirred (rotation) according to the gel film that step c) obtains with containing proportional, decolour fully until gel film.Remove de-inking solution then, use high purity water (the about 18MOhm of conductivity) detergent gel sheet 3 times, each 200 μ l.
If what use is the gel of Coomassie blue stain, then the gel film that will obtain according to step c) is the solution stirring incubation 2 times of 1: 1 high purity water and acetonitrile (purity: be at least HPLC pure) with containing proportional, each 15 minutes.The amount of de-inking solution should be the amount of about twice gel.Washing soln is removed in each washing later.
After finishing decolouring, the acetonitrile of gel film and 1 times of volume (relative with gel film) is mixed, at room temperature stirred incubation 15 minutes.Remove acetonitrile then, gel film is mixed with the 100mM bicarbonate of ammonia of 1 times of volume and incubation 5 minutes at room temperature.Adding acetonitrile then, to make the ratio of bicarbonate of ammonia and acetonitrile amount be 1: 1.At room temperature incubation 15 minutes is again removed solution then, in a vacuum the gel film that stays of (for example Speedvac) drying.
E) protein in the tryptic digestion gel film
The amount gradation of trypsin solution (10ng trypsinase in every μ l 50mM bicarbonate of ammonia) with 10 μ l added in the xerogel sheet that obtains according to step d).Each add trypsin solution after, all incubation on ice 10 minutes.Gradation adds trypsinase and no longer expands and be entirely the trypsin solution submergence until gel film.Remove trypsin solution then, spend the night at 37 ℃ of following incubation gel films.
F) isolated peptides from acrylamide gel
The of short duration centrifugal sample that obtains according to step e) to collect the liquid in the reaction vessel, is transferred to this liquid in the new reaction vessel.With ultrasonic wave (ultrasound bath) treatment gel sheet 2 minutes.Then the gel film that stays is mixed with isopyknic 25mM ammonium bicarbonate soln and incubation 20 minutes under agitation.Adding acetonitrile subsequently, to make the ratio of bicarbonate of ammonia and acetonitrile amount be 1: 1, and restir incubation 15 minutes at room temperature.After incubation is finished, handled sample once more 2 minutes, remove liquid and will it and the merging of the liquid that last time pipetted then with ultrasonic wave.It is that 1: 1 solution mixes that remaining gel film and equal-volume are contained 5% formic acid and acetonitrile ratio, and at room temperature stirs incubation 15 minutes.Remove liquid and will it and the merging of the liquid that pipettes before.Repetition is the incubation gel film in 5% formic acid/acetonitrile (ratio is 1: 1), and the liquid that obtains is the same to be merged with the liquid that pipettes before.The merging supernatant concentration that will contain the peptide of waiting to check order under 60 ℃ in vacuum centrifuge (Speedvac) is to about 15 μ l.Before analyzing, the peptide that obtains is stored in 20 ℃ with Q-TOF.Before mass spectroscopy order-checking protein, can use to well known to a person skilled in the art the method desalination.
15. the conversion of rice plant
Can (1994, Plant Journal 6 (2), and the method for 271-282) describing transforms rice plant according to people such as Hiei.
16. the conversion of potato plants
Can according to people such as Rocha-Sosa (EMBO J.8, (1989), 23-29) method of describing uses edaphic bacillus to transform potato plants.
17. determine the content of starch-phosphate
A) determine the content of C-6 phosphoric acid ester
The C-2 of glucose monomer, C-3 and C-6 site can be by phosphorylations in the starch.In order to determine the content of the C-6-phosphoric acid ester in the starch, with 95 ℃ of hydrolysis among the 50mg starch 500 μ l 0.7M HCl 4 hours.With 15, centrifugal this prepared product of 500g 10 minutes is also removed supernatant liquor then.Get 7 μ l supernatant liquors and 193 μ l imidazole buffers (the 100mM imidazoles, pH 7.4; 5mM mgCl 2, 1mMEDTA and 0.4mM NAD) mix.Measure at the 340mm place with photometer.After establishing the baseline absorption value, add 2 unit glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)s (from Leuconostoc mesenteroides (Leuconostoc mesenteroides), Boehringer Mannheim) beginning enzymatic reaction.G-6-P concentration is directly proportional in the change of absorption value and the starch.
B) determine the content of total phosphoric acid
(content of total phosphoric acid 115-118) is determined in Methods in Enzymology VIII, (1966) to use the Ames method.
About 50mg starch is mixed with 30 μ l ethanol magnesium nitrate solutions, and calcining is 3 hours in 500 ℃ muffle.With residue and 300 μ l 0.5M mixed in hydrochloric acid, 60 ℃ of following incubations 30 minutes.Get its five equilibrium and add 300 μ l 0.5M hydrochloric acid again, join in the 2M sulfuric acid mixture that contains 100 μ l, 10% xitix and 600 μ l0.42% ammonium molybdates, and 45 ℃ of following incubations 20 minutes.
C) determine the content of C-6 phosphoric acid ester and C-3 phosphoric acid ester
For determining to be incorporated into α-1, the content of the phosphoric acid on 4-dextran glucose molecule C-6 position and the C-3 position can use HPAE to separate relevant dextran after as the 13rd described method complete hydrolysis of general method.By each peak area that obtains after the integration HPEA separation, can determine the amount of G-6-P and glucose-3-phosphoric acid.The G-6-P that obtains in the unknown sample and glucose-3-phosphoric acid peak area and known quantity G-6-P are compared with the peak area that obtains after glucose-3-phosphoric acid separates with HPAE, can determine the amount of G-6-P and glucose-3-phosphoric acid in the testing sample.
Embodiment
1. from Arabidopis thaliana (Arabidopsis thaliana) isolated protein, and unphosphorylated starch is compared, its to P-starch have increase in conjunction with active
A) prepare protein extract from Arabidopis thaliana
According to the 1st described method of general method, from about 7g Arabidopis thaliana ( kotyp Columbia, leaf Col-O) (fresh weight) preparation protein extract.
B) separating starch particle from Arabidopis thaliana sex1-3 mutant leaf
According to the 2nd described method of general method, separating starch particle from about 20g Arabidopis thaliana sex1-3 mutant leaf (fresh weight).
C) will be with the R1 protein of purifying from the external phosphorylation of the isolating starch of Arabidopis thaliana sex1-3 mutant
According to the 7th described method of general method, with the about 30mg of R1 protein phosphorylation isolating non-phosphorylating starch from Arabidopis thaliana sex1-3 mutant of recombinant expressed in the intestinal bacteria and purifying.R1 protein expression in escherichia coli and subsequent purifying with people such as Ritte (2002, PNAS99,7166-7171) method of Miao Shuing is carried out.
D) separation and combination is in the protein of phosphorylated starch and/or non-phosphorylating starch
Use is according to general method 8a) method described in the bar, arabidopsis thaliana protein extract that will obtain according to step a) in prepared product A and 50mg are according to the common incubation of external phosphorylated starch and the washing of step c) preparation.
Use is according to general method 8a) method described in the bar, arabidopsis thaliana protein extract that will obtain according to step a) in second kind of prepared product B and 50mg are according to the common incubation of non-phosphorylating starch and the washing of step b) preparation.
Then, according to the 8th b of general method) described method, the protein that is incorporated into phosphorylated starch of dissolving prepared product A and the protein that is incorporated into non-phosphorylating starch of prepared product B.
In the third prepared product C, use the 8th a) described method incubation of general method and wash the starch of 50mg according to the external phosphorylation of step c) preparation.Yet do not contain protein extract among the prepared product C.
E) separate the protein that obtains according to step d) by acrylamide gel electrophoresis
Use the 9th described method of general method by 9% acrylamide gel at sex change condition (SDS) time separating step d) in the prepared product A, the B that obtain and the protein among the C.The dyeing gel as shown in Figure 1.Can be clear that with reference to protein marker (trace M) protein that has about 130kDa molecular weight in denaturing acrylamide gel is compared the starch (trace P) of preferred combination phosphorylation with unphosphorylated starch (K).
F) protein of preferred combination in phosphorylated starch is compared in evaluation with non-phosphorylating starch
The molecular weight identified in the step e) protein band for about 130kDa is cut out from gel.Then according to general method 10b) described protein is discharged from acrylamide, use tryptic digestion, determine the peptide quality that obtains with the MALD-TOF-MS method.The fingerprint of the amino acid molecular of theoretical digestion in the what is called " fingerprint " that will obtain by MALDI-TOF-MS and the database (Mascot:http: //www.matrixscience.com/search_form_select.html; ProFound:http: // 129.85.19.192/profound_bin/WebProFound.exe; PepSea:http: // 195.41.108.38/PepSealntro.ht ml) compare.Because this type of fingerprint is very special for protein, can therefore identify amino acid molecular.Use this amino acid molecular sequence, can from Arabidopis thaliana, isolate coding OK1 nucleic acid sequences to proteins.Protein called after A.t.-OK1 with this method evaluation.After analyzing the aminoacid sequence of Arabidopis thaliana, (NP 198009, and is NCBI) variant to find the sequence that exists in itself and the database.Amino acid sequence encode A.t.-OK1 protein shown in the SEQ ID No 2.(Acc.:NP 198009.1, NCBI) compare variant for sequence in SEQ ID No 2 and the database.The sequence that exists in the database (ACC.:NP 198009.1) .NP 198009.1) do not contain amino acid 519 to 523 (WRLCE) and 762 to 766 (VRARQ) among the SEQ ID No 2 in.Compare with the version 2 (Acc.:NP 198009.2) of database sequence, the aminoacid sequence shown in the SEQ ID NO 2 contains extra amino acid 519 to 523 (WRLCE).
2. the proteinic cDNA of OK1 that identifies of clones coding
Use from the Arabidopis thaliana leaf isolating mRNA, separate the cDNA of A.t.-OK1 by inverse PCR.For this reason, by the synthetic cDNA chain (SuperScript of reversed transcriptive enzyme method TMFirst-StrandSynthesis System for RT PCR, the Invitrogen production number: 11904-018), it uses archaeal dna polymerase (Expand High Fidelity PCR Systems, Roche production number: 1732641) amplification then.To go into carrier pGEM from the extension amplification outcome that this PCR reaction obtains (T (Invitrogen production number: A3600).The plasmid called after A.t.-OK1-pGEM that obtains -T measures the proteinic cDNA sequence of coding A.t.-OK1 also as SEQ ID NO.1 Shown in.
Sequence contained in sequence shown in the SEQ ID NO 1 and the database is different.When discussing the proteinic aminoacid sequence of coding A.t.-OK1, this problem had been discussed.
The condition that is used for the proteinic cDNA of amplification coding A.t.-OK1
Synthetic first chain: use preparation specified condition of merchant and damping fluid.In addition, contain following material in the prepared in reaction thing of synthetic the 1st chain:
The total RNA of 3 μ g
5 μ M 3 '-primers (OK1 rev1:5 '-GACTCAACCACATAACACACAAAGATC)
0.83 μ M dNTP mixture
The prepared in reaction thing 75 ℃ of following incubations 5 minutes, is cooled to room temperature then.
Add the first chain damping fluid, RNA enzyme then and press down prepared product and DTT, and 42 ℃ of following incubations 2 minutes, add 1 μ l Superscript RT archaeal dna polymerase subsequently and 42 ℃ of incubation reaction prepared products 50 minutes.
Condition by pcr amplification first chain:
The prepared in reaction thing of synthetic first chain of 1 μ l
0.25 μ M 3 ' primer (OK1 rev2:5 '-TGGTAACGAGGCAAATGCAGA)
0.25 μ M 5 ' primer (OK1 fwd2:5 '-ATCTCTTATCACACCACCTCCAATG)
Reaction conditions:
95 ℃ of steps 12 minutes
94 ℃ of steps 2 20 seconds
62 ℃ of steps 3 30 seconds
68 ℃ of steps 44 minutes
94 ℃ of steps 5 20 seconds
56 ℃ of steps 6 30 seconds
68 ℃ of steps 74 minutes
68 ℃ of steps 8 10 minutes
React according to the step 1 to 4 earlier.Carry out 10 times and repeat (circulation) between step 4 and step 2, the temperature of each circulation back step 3 reduces 0.67 ℃.Use specified conditioned response in the step 5 to 8 subsequently.Carry out 25 times and repeat (circulation) between step 7 and step 5, the time of step 7 increases by 5 seconds in each circulation.After reaction is finished, reactant is cooled to 4 ℃.
3. the carrier for preparing recombinant expressed OK1 protein cDNA
With plasmid A.t.-OK1-pGEM For template, use Gateway Technology (Invitrogen) to carry out the PCR method amplification after, the proteinic sequence clone of Arabidopis thaliana OK1 of will encoding is earlier gone into carrier pDONOR TM201 (Invitrogen production numbers: 11798-014).Then, by the sequence-specific reorganization OK1 protein coding region that obtains in this carrier is cloned into expression vector pDEST TM17 (Invitrogen production numbers: 11803-014).The expression vector called after A.t.-OK1-pDEST that obtains TM1.This clone makes coding proteinic cDNA of A.t-OK1 and expression vector pDEST TMTranslation has taken place and has merged in the Nucleotide that exists in 17.From translating the carrier pDEST17 that merges with the proteinic cDNA of coding A.t-OK1 TMNucleotide in 17,21 amino acid of encoding.Also comprise initiator codon (ATG) and His label (6 histidine residues that directly link to each other) except other in these 21 amino acid.Translate the proteinic N-end of A.t.-OK1 that these translations produce behind fusion sequences and contain extra 21 amino acid from the nucleotide coding of described carrier.Therefore, the proteinic N-end of reorganization A.t.-OK1 that is produced by this carrier contains 21 from carrier pDEST TM17 additional amino acid.
4. the proteinic allos of OK1 (Heterological) is expressed in intestinal bacteria
With the expression vector A.t.-OK1-pDEST that obtains according to embodiment 3 TM17 transformed into escherichia coli bacterial strain BL21 Star TM(DE3) (Invitrogen, production number C6010-03).Description to this expression system see above (seeing the 3rd of general method).Conversion obtains contains carrier A .t.-OK1-pDEST TM17 bacterial clone at first is used to prepare pre-culture, and this pre-culture is used to inoculate main culture (seeing the 3rd c of general method) subsequently.With pre-culture and main culture respectively at 30 ℃ of following stir culture (250 rev/mins).OD when this main culture 600Arrive at about 0.8 o'clock, adding IPTG (isopropyl-) is 1mM until final concentration, to induce reorganization A.t.-OK1 protein expression.After adding IPTG, cultivate main culture until its OD down in 30 ℃ of stirrings (250 rev/mins) 600Be about 1.8.Then with main culture cooled on ice 30 minutes, by centrifugal (4,000 * g, 4 ℃ following 10 minutes) main cells in culture is separated from substratum again.
5. the purification of Recombinant OK1 protein of expressing
Use the 4th described method of general method, purifying and the concentrated A.t.-OK1 protein that obtains according to embodiment 4.
6. confirm the proteinic starch phosphorylation activity of OK1
According to the proteinic starch phosphorylation activity of the described method proof A.t.-OK1 of general method Sub_clause 11.Wherein, with 5 μ g according to the purifying A.t.-OK1 protein of embodiment 5 preparation respectively in prepared product A with 5mg according to embodiment 1b) isolating starch from Arabidopis thaliana sex1-3 mutant, and in prepared product B with 5mg according to embodiment 1c) carry out the starch that the enzymatic phosphorylation obtains and at room temperature stirred incubation jointly 30 minutes, incubation all 500 μ l contain the 0.05mM radioactivity ( 33P) carry out in the phosphoric acid buffer of the ATP at random of mark (altogether 1,130,00cpm, about 0.55uCi).Prepared product C is with comparing, and it is identical with prepared product B, does not just contain OK1 protein, but handles in the same manner with prepared product A and B.For equal twice of the independent detection of all prepared products (A, B, C).
Use in the starch among scintillometer inspection reagent A, B and the C and whether have radiolabeled phosphoric acid (seeing general method 11b) bar).Its result such as table 1 and shown in Figure 3.
The radioactivity of measuring [cpm]
Test 1 Test 2
Prepared product A (non-phosphorylating starch+OK1) 42 47
Prepared product B (phosphorylated starch+OK1) 7921 8226
Prepared product C (nonprotein phosphorylated starch) 56 5-3
Table 1: confirm the proteinic starch-phosphorylation activity of OK1
According to the result of gained, as seen when substrate was non-phosphorylating starch, OK1 protein can not be transferred to starch from ATP with phosphate-based; Because move on to the phosphate-based share (with the cpm metering) and the middle phosphate-based share of radio-labeling of no more than prepared product C (contrast) of non-phosphorylating starch by the OK1 protein transduction.On the other hand, if substrate is a phosphorylated starch, the share of transferring to the radiophosphorus perester radical of phosphorylated starch from ATP significantly improves.This shows that OK1 protein needs phosphorylated starch as substrate, but not phosphorylated starch can not be accepted as substrate by OK1 protein.
If above-mentioned detection is used in the γ position and uses 33The ATP of P specific marker carries out, and then just can not produce radiolabeled introducing in the starch.This shows that the β of OK1 protein transfer ATP is phosphate-based in starch.The result of this test as shown in Figure 6.
7. confirmation autophosphorylation
Prove the proteinic autophosphorylation of A.t.-OK1 by aforesaid method (seeing the 12nd of general method).Herein, at room temperature with the A.t.-OK1 protein of 50 μ g purifying and radiolabeled ATP at random at 220 μ l phosphorylation damping fluid (seeing above general method 12d) bars) in stirred incubation 60 minutes.From the incubation prepared product, pipette 100 μ l then respectively, transfer in four new reaction vessels.In the reaction vessel 1, add 40 μ l 0.11M EDTA termination reactions.Reaction vessel 2 was 95 ℃ of following incubations 5 minutes.In the reaction vessel 3, add HCl to final concentration be 0.5M.And in the reaction vessel 4, add NaOH to final concentration be 0.5M.Reaction vessel 3 and 4 each 30 ℃ of following incubations 25 minutes.From reaction vessel 1,2,3 and 4, take out 50 μ l then respectively, mix with the SDS assay buffer and separate by SDS acrylamide gel electrophoresis (7.5% acrylamide gel).For this reason, the sample that will take out from every kind of reaction vessel places on two identical acrylamide gels.The gel that obtains after wherein an electrophoresis is finished is carried out radioautograph, and another piece is then with Coomassie blue stain.
In gel, (see Fig. 2 A) with Coomassie blue stain), the clearly visible OK1 protein degradation that causes of handling with 0.5M NaOH.Therefore, must to be described as NaOH be unsettled to OK1 protein.Show that OK1 protein is relatively stable under described incubation conditions down and with the incubation of 0.5M HCl at 30 ℃, 95 ℃.According to the OK1 protein of the equivalent of all having an appointment in the gel of the various Coomassie blue stain that obtain under these incubation conditions, can infer this conclusion.
(see Fig. 2 B) in the radioautograph) as seen, and compare at the phosphorylation OK1 of 30 ℃ of following incubations protein, can cause being incorporated into the proteinic phosphoric acid of OK1 at 95 ℃ of incubation phosphorylation OK1 protein and significantly descend.Therefore, the combination between phosphoric acid ester residue and the OK1 gal4 amino acid must be described as heat-labile.In addition, for the phosphorylation OK1 protein of 30 ℃ of following incubations, incubation can see that being incorporated into the proteinic phosphoric acid of OK1 also has slight decline in 0.5M HCl and 0.5M NaOH.If consider owing to the unstable of OK1 protein to NaOH, in radioactive automatic developing, handle the proteinic amount of back OK1 and significantly be lower than heat and acid-treated sample, can infer that then being combined under the alkaline condition of phosphoric acid ester residue and OK1 gal4 amino acid is relatively stable with 0.5M NaOH.Owing to contain protein with the about equivalent of sample of 30 ℃ and 95 ℃ incubations with acid-treated sample, but its autoradiographic signal significantly is lower than 30 ℃ handles samples, will be understood that then sour incubation conditions also destroyed the key between phosphoric acid ester residue and the OK1 gal4 amino acid to a certain extent.Therefore, the test of carrying out also can be determined bonded unstable between phosphoric acid ester residue and the OK1 gal4 amino acid.Simultaneously, the unstable to acid can not show a candle to the unstable of heat obvious.
Combination between Histidine amino acid and the phosphoric acid be thermally labile, acid unstable but alkali stable (Rosenberg, 1996, Protein Analysis and Purification, Birkh  user, Boston, 242-244).Therefore, the The above results prompting, OK1 is proteinic can to produce phosphohistidine from phosphoric acid.
If as mentioned above recombinant expressed OK1 protein and γ position are used 33Any autophosphorylation then can not take place in the ATP incubation of P specific mark.Fig. 5 A) shown relevant incubation step after, can detected proteinic amount in respective reaction reagent by the Western engram analysis.Fig. 5 B) shown the proteinic radioautograph of each prepared in reaction thing.As seen when the ATP that uses at γ position specific mark, can not confirm the proteinic autophosphorylation of OK1, using at random, ATP then can confirm its autophosphorylation.When this means OK1 protein autophosphorylation, the β position phosphoric acid ester residue of ATP and the proteinic amino acid covalent attachment of OK1.
8. confirm in the starch glucose molecule C-atom site by the OK1 protein phosphorylation
A) preparation phosphorylated starch
According to the 7th preparation of general method phosphorylated starch.For this reason, in prepared product A, 5mg isolating non-phosphorylating starch and 25 μ g purifying A.t.-OK1 protein from Arabidopis thaliana sex1-3 mutant leaf are together used; And in prepared product B, the 5mg separation is together used from the starch and the 5 μ g purifying R1 protein of the external phosphorylation of Arabidopis thaliana sex1-3 mutant leaf.Reaction all contains respectively at 500 μ l 33The ATP of P mark (about 2.5 * 10 6Cpm) carry out in the phosphorylation damping fluid, stirred incubation 1 hour under the room temperature.In addition, use the contrast prepared product, it contains 5mg and separates from the starch of Arabidopis thaliana sex1-3 mutant leaf and described phosphoric acid buffer but do not contain proteinic prepared product.The contrast prepared product is handled according to the method identical with B with prepared product A fully.Stop respective reaction by adding 125 μ l10%SDS to each reaction, and with 2%SDS washing 1 time, 2mM ATP 2 times and H 2The each 900 μ l washing of O 2 times.Carry out centrifugal (each in the Eppendorf desk centrifuge 13,000 rev/mins centrifugal 2 minutes) after each washing.The starch sedimentation that obtains is resuspended to 1mlH at every turn 2Among the O, (Ready Safe BECKMANN), uses scintillometer (LS 6500 Multi-Purpose ScintillationCounter, BECKMANN COULTER to add 3ml flicker mixture in every kind of prepared product of 100 μ l TM) measure.
Measuring result is as follows:
Contrast: 63cpm/100 μ l 630cpm/1000 μ l
Prepared product A (OK1): 1351cpm/100 μ l 13512cpm/1000 μ l
Prepared product B (R1): 3853cpm/100 μ l 38526cpm/1000 μ l
B) complete hydrolysis of phosphorylated starch
Recentrifuge is according to prepared product A, the B of step a) gained and the suspension of C (in the Eppendorf desk centrifuge 13,000 rev/min centrifugal 5 minutes), with the pellet resuspended that obtains in 90 μ l0.7M HCl (Baker, analyze with) and subsequently 95 ℃ of following incubations 2 hours.And then centrifugal prepared product A, B and C (in the Eppendorf desk centrifuge 13,000 rev/mins centrifugal 5 minutes), supernatant liquor is transferred in the new reaction vessel.The precipitation residue of prepared product is resuspended to 100ml H respectively 2Among the O, add 3ml flicker mixture ((Ready Safe, BECKMANN) back scintillometer (LS 6500 Multi-Purpose Scintillation Counter, BECKMANNCOULTER TM) measure.All detect in these residues less than a large amount of radioactivity, promptly the hydrolysate of all radiophosphorus acidity scale notes is all in supernatant liquor.
Respectively add each supernatant liquor (in blank sample, testing out the amount of the required NaOH of neutralization in advance) that 30 μ l 2M NaOH neutralize and contain hydrolysate then.The neutral hydrolysate placed use each 200 μ l H 2In the 10kDa micron filter that the O flushing is twice, and centrifugal about 25 minutes with 12,000 rev/mins on the Eppendorf desk centrifuge.From gained filtrate (respectively for about 120 μ l) get 10 μ l, add 3ml flicker mixture (Ready SafeTM, BECKMANN) after, with scintillometer (LS 6500 Multi-Purpose Scintillation Counter, BECKMANNCOULTER TM) measure.Determine that the active result who exists in each prepared product is as follows:
Prepared product A (OK1): 934cpm/10 μ l 11,208cpm/120 μ l 93cpm/ μ l
Prepared product B (R1): 2518cpm/10 μ l 30,216cpm/120 μ l 252cpm/ μ l
C) separate hydrolysate
(general method 13c) bar under these conditions), use the Dionex system, by HPAE method separating step b) in the hydrolysate that obtains.Be used to separate sample composed as follows of the filtering supernatant of the prepared product A that obtains according to step b) and B:
Prepared product A (OK1): the prepared product A supernatant liquor that obtains in the 43 μ l step b) (be equivalent to about 4,000cpm), 32 μ l H 2O, 2.5 μ l 2.5mM G-6-Ps and 2.5 μ l 5mM glucose-3-phosphoric acid (∑ volume=80 μ l).
Prepared product B (R1): the prepared product B supernatant liquor that obtains in the 16 μ l step b) (be equivalent to about 4,000cpm), 59 μ l H 2O, 2.5 μ l 2.5mM G-6-Ps and 2.5 μ l 5mM glucose-3-phosphoric acid (∑ volume=80 μ l).
Per injection contains has an appointment 3, and the 60 μ l respective sample of 000cpm are used for separating by HPAE.According to 23c) the specified condition of point (Point) carries out HPAE.Behind the HPAE post, collect each 1ml of elution buffer by fraction.Begin to collect fraction after 10 minutes in injected sample.According to the signal of used PAD detector reception, with G-6-P elutriant called after fraction 15, and glucose-3-phosphoric acid elutriant called after fraction 17.(Ready SafeTM is BECKMANN) after the mixing, with scintillometer (LS 6500Multi-Purpose Scintillation Counter, BECKMANN COULTER to get each fraction 500 μ l and 3ml flicker mixture respectively TM) measure.Each fraction take off data is as follows:
Total cpm of each fraction
Prepared product A (OK1) Prepared product B (R1)
Fraction 13 fractions 14 fractions 15, (G6P) fraction 16 fractions 17, (G3P) fraction 18 fractions 19 8.7 13.1 207.3 3998 1749.2 196.7 6.7 3.3 32.2 1952.8 112.3 801.6 17.3 18.9
Amount to 2581.5 2938.3
Precipitation 3000.0 3000.0
Reclaim 86.0％ 97.9％
Table 4: radioactive amount [cpm] of measuring in each fraction of the hydrolysate that the starch by hydrolysis OK1 protein or R1 protein phosphorylation obtains.
The result is also as illustrated in Fig. 5.
Behind the catalytic starch phosphorylation of R1 protein, radioactivity phosphoric acid according to measurement total in the fraction of being analyzed, with containing the fraction wash-out of G-6-P as standard, about 27% with containing the fraction wash-out of glucose-3-phosphoric acid as standard after hydrolyzed starch for about 66% radiolabeled phosphoric acid.Behind the catalytic starch phosphorylation of OK1 protein, radioactivity phosphoric acid according to measurement total in the fraction of being analyzed, with containing the fraction wash-out of G-6-P as standard, about 8% with containing the fraction wash-out of glucose-3-phosphoric acid as standard after hydrolyzed starch for about 67% radiolabeled phosphoric acid.From this can infer glucose molecule preferably in the C-6 position by the R1 protein phosphorylation, and glucose molecule preferably in the C-3 position by the OK1 protein phosphorylation.
9. identify the OK1 protein in the rice
Use the 1st to 13 described method of general method, also can identify rice (the M202 kind system) protein that the phosphoric acid ester residue can be transferred to phosphorylated starch from ATP.This protein called after O.s.-OK1.Non-phosphorylating starch can not be as the proteinic substrate of O.s.-OK1, and promptly also to need phosphorylated starch be substrate to O.s.-OK1 protein.The proteinic nucleic acid of O.s.-OK1 that definition is identified is shown in SEQ ID NO 3, and the proteinic aminoacid sequence of coding O.s.-OK1 is shown in SEQ ID NO4.Between the proteinic aminoacid sequence of coding A.t.-OK1 shown in proteinic aminoacid sequence of coding O.s.-OK1 shown in the SEQ ID NO 4 and the SEQID NO 2 57% identity is arranged.Between the coding A.t.-OK1 nucleic acid sequences to proteins shown in coding O.s.-OK1 nucleic acid sequences to proteins shown in the SEQID NO 3 and the SEQ ID NO 1 61% identity is arranged.
Preparation contains the plasmid pMI50 of coding rice OK1 nucleic acid sequences to proteins
Carrier pMI50 contains the complete OK1 protein DNA fragment of coding rice M202 kind system.
Amplification to rice DNA divides five small steps to carry out.
With synthetic oligonucleotide Os_ok1-R9 (GGAACCGATAATGCCTACATGCTC) and Os_ok1-F6 (AAAACTCGAGGAGGATCAATGACGTCGCTGCGGCCCCTC) be primer, by reversed transcriptive enzyme and polymerase chain reaction-11 to 288 open reading frame part with specified sequence among the immature rice RNA amplification SEQ DIE NO 3.The dna fragmentation of amplification is cloned among the carrier pCR2.1 (Invitrogen catalog number (Cat.No.) K2020-20).The plasmid called after pML123 that obtains.
With synthetic oligonucleotide Os_ok1-F4 (CCAGGTTAAGTTTGGTGAGCA) and Os_ok1-R6 (CAAAGCACGATATCTGACCTGT) be primer, by reversed transcriptive enzyme and polymerase chain reaction 250 to 949 open reading frame part with specified sequence among the prematurity rice RNA amplification SEQ DIE NO 3.The dna fragmentation of amplification is cloned among the carrier pCR2.1 (Invitrogen catalog number (Cat.No.) K2020-20).The plasmid called after pML120 that obtains.
With synthetic oligonucleotide Os_ok1-F7 (TTGTTCGCGGGATATTGTCAGA) and Os_ok1-R7 (GACAAGGGCATCAAGAGTAGTATC) be primer, by reversed transcriptive enzyme and polymerase chain reaction 839 to 1761 open reading frame part with specified sequence among the RNA amplification SEQ DIE NO 3 of prematurity rice.The dna fragmentation of amplification is cloned among the carrier pCR2.1 (Invitrogen catalog number (Cat.No.) K2020-20).The plasmid called after pML121 that obtains.
With synthetic oligonucleotide Os_ok1-F8 (ATGATGCGCCTGATAATGCT) and Os_ok1-R4 (GGCAAACAGTATGAAGCACGA) be primer, by reversed transcriptive enzyme and polymerase chain reaction 1571 to 3241 open reading frame part with specified sequence among the RNA amplification SEQ DIE NO 3 of prematurity rice.The dna fragmentation of amplification is cloned among the carrier pCR2.1 (Invitrogen catalog number (Cat.No.) K2020-20).The plasmid called after pML119 that obtains.
With synthetic oligonucleotide Os_ok1-F3 (CATTTGGATCAATGGAGGATG) and Os_ok1-R2 (CTATGGCTGTGGCCTGCTTTGCA) be primer, by reversed transcriptive enzyme and polymerase chain reaction 2777 to 3621 open reading frame part with specified sequence among the rice genomic dna amplification SEQ DIE NO 3.The dna fragmentation of amplification is cloned among the carrier pCR2.1 (Invitrogen catalog number (Cat.No.) K2020-20).The plasmid called after pML122 that obtains.
Following subdivision with the OK1 open reading frame is cloned in together.
The length that will contain OK1 open reading frame part is that the pML120 ApaI fragment cloning of 700 base pairs is gone into the ApaI site of pML121.The plasmid called after pM147 that obtains.
By the polymerase chain reaction, the length that amplification contains coding OK1 zone among carrier pML120 and the pML123 is the fragment of 960 base pairs.Wherein working concentration respectively is the primer Os_ok1-F4 (on seeing) of 50nm and Os_ok1-R9 (on seeing), and concentration respectively is Os_ok1-F6 and the Os_ok1-R6 of 500nm.The dna fragmentation of amplification is cloned among the carrier pCR2.1 (Invitrogen catalog number (Cat.No.) K2020-20).The carrier called after pMI44 that obtains.
With Os_ok1-F3 (seeing above) and Os_ok1-R2Xho (AAAACTCGAGCTATGGCTGTGGCCTGCTTTGCA) is primer, amplification length is the pML122 fragment of 845 base pairs again, after terminator codon, introducing the XhoI site, and it is cloned among the carrier pCR2.1 (Invitrogen catalog number (Cat.No.) K2020-20).The plasmid called after pMI45 that obtains.
With Restriction Enzyme SpeI and PstI digestion, the length that obtains containing OK1 part open reading frame from pML119 is the fragment of 1671 base pairs.This fragment cloning is gone among the pBluescriptIISK+ (Genbank Acc.:X52328).The plasmid called after pMI46 that obtains.
With Restriction Enzyme SpeI and XhoI cutting, the length that obtains containing OK1 part open reading frame from pMI46 is the fragment of 1706 base pairs.This fragment cloning is gone among the carrier pMI45 that cuts with the same restrictions enzyme.The plasmid called after pMI47 that obtains.
With Restriction Enzyme AflII/NotI cutting, the length that obtains containing OK1 part open reading frame from pMI43 is the fragment of 146 base pairs.This fragment cloning is gone among the carrier pMI44 that cuts with the same restrictions enzyme.The plasmid called after pMI49 that obtains.
With Restriction Enzyme NotI and NarI cutting, the length that obtains containing OK1 part open reading frame from pMI49 is the fragment of 1657 base pairs.This fragment cloning is gone among the carrier pMI47 that cuts with the same restrictions enzyme.The plasmid called after pMI50 that obtains wherein contains the proteinic complete coding region of rice OK1 of evaluation.
10. identify other OK1 protein in the various plants kind system
Use the 1st to 13 described method of general method, also can identify the protein that the phosphoric acid ester residue can be transferred to phosphorylated starch in barley (Hordeumvulgare), potato (Solanum tuberosum), wheat (common wheat (Triticum aestivam)) and the broomcorn millet (dichromatism grain broomcorn millet (Sorghum bicolor)) from ATP.Non-phosphorylating starch can not be as these proteinic substrates, and promptly these protein need phosphorylated starch as substrate.
Use the 14th described method of general method, separate these protein.With tryptic digestion, from gel, be dissolved out, check order with Q-TOF-MS-MS then.The peptide sequence that use obtains can compare (Blast retrieval) by database and determine the proteinic EST nucleotide sequence of corresponding OK1 in coding barley, potato, wheat or broomcorn millet.
The proteinic part of nucleic acid sequence encoding barley OK1 shown in the SEQ ID NO 9 compares (Blast retrieval) by database, finds in TIGR (http://tigrblast.tigr.org/tgi/) with the number of landing: TC117610.Use the Q-TOF-MS-MS order-checking to separate and obtain those peptides from the OK1 of barley protein, they also are used to identify the EST nucleotide sequence shown in the SEQ ID NO 9, and its sequence is SEQ ID NO 6, SEQ ID NO 7 and SEQ ID NO 8.The proteinic part of amino acid sequence encode barley OK1 shown in the SEQ ID NO 10, it is derived from the nucleotide sequence shown in the SEQ ID NO10.
The proteinic part of nucleic acid sequence encoding potato OK1 shown in the SEQ ID NO 15 compares (Blast retrieval) by database, finds in TIGR (http://tigrblast.tigr.org/tgi/) with the number of landing: BF054632.Use the Q-TOF-MS-MS order-checking to separate and obtain those peptides from the OK1 of potato protein, they also are used to identify the EST nucleotide sequence shown in the SEQ ID NO 15, and its sequence is SEQ ID NO 11, SEQ ID NO 12, SEQ ID NO 13 and SEQ IDNO 14.The proteinic part of amino acid sequence encode potato OK1 shown in the SEQ ID NO 16, it is derived from the nucleotide sequence shown in the SEQ ID NO 15.
The proteinic part of nucleic acid sequence encoding broomcorn millet OK1 shown in the SEQ ID NO 21 compares (Blast retrieval) by database, finds in TIGR (http://tigrblast.tigr.org/tgi/) with the number of landing: TC77219.Use the Q-TOF-MS-MS order-checking to separate and obtain those peptides from the OK1 of broomcorn millet protein, they also are used to identify the EST nucleotide sequence shown in the SEQ ID NO 21, and its sequence is SEQ ID NO 17, SEQ ID NO 18, SEQ ID NO 19 and SEQ ID NO 20.The proteinic part of amino acid sequence encode broomcorn millet OK1 shown in the SEQ ID NO 22, it is derived from the nucleotide sequence shown in the SEQ ID NO 21.
The proteinic part of nucleic acid sequence encoding wheat OK1 shown in the SEQ ID NO 25 compares (Blast retrieval) by database, finds in TIGR (http://tigrblast.tigr.org/tgi/) with the number of landing: CA74319.Use the Q-TOF-MS-MS order-checking to separate and obtain those peptides from the OK1 of wheat protein, they also are used to identify the EST nucleotide sequence shown in the SEQ ID NO 25, and its sequence is SEQ ID NO 23 and SEQ ID NO 24.The proteinic part of amino acid sequence encode wheat OK1 shown in the SEQ ID NO 26, it is derived from the nucleotide sequence shown in the SEQ ID NO 25.
Select following setting to carry out database relatively:
Program (program): tblastn
Matrix (matrix): blosum62
Expect (expected value): 100
Echofilter： disabled
Descriptions： 20
Other are all is provided with the selection default value.
11. the proteinic antibody of preparation specific recognition OK1
The A.t.-OK1 protein that separates about 100 μ g purifying by sds gel electrophoresis is as antigen, will contain the proteinic protein band of A.t.-OK1 and downcut and deliver to EUROGENTEC S.A. company (Belgium), and based on contract the said firm prepares antibody.Before the OK1 immunity with reorganization, whether the rabbit anteserum of the pre-immunity of inspection earlier can discern the protein from the Arabidopis thaliana general extractive.There is the pre-immune serum of 2 rabbits can not discern the interior protein of 100-150kDa scope, therefore selects it to carry out immunity.4 protein of every rabbit injection, each 100 μ g (the 0th, 14,28,56 day).From every rabbit, get 4 parts of blood samples (the 38th, 66,87 day and get blood for the last time).Getting for the first time the serum that obtains behind the blood has demonstrated in the Western trace with the OK1 antigen-specific and has reacted.Yet what use in further testing is last rabbit blood sample.
12. the transgenosis rice plant of preparation OK1 increased activity or reduction
A) preparation plasmid pGlo-A.t.-OK1
(AAAACAATTGGCGCCTGGAGGGAGGAGA and glb1-R1 (AAAACAATTGATGATCAATCAGACAATCACTAGAA) are primer, use high-fidelity Taq polysaccharase (Invitrogen with glb1-F2, catalog number (Cat.No.) 11304-011), by the polymerase chain reaction (30 * 20 seconds, 94 ℃; 20 seconds, 62 ℃; 1 minute, 68 ℃; 4mM Mg 2SO 4), be the promotor of the genomic dna amplification rice globulin gene of rice with the M202 kind, thereby obtain plasmid pIR94, and it is cloned among the pCR2.1 (Invitrogen catalog number (Cat.No.) K2020-20).
By being cloned among the carrier pGSV71 of SdaI and MunI cutting, obtain plasmid pIR115 by the synthetic fragment of the DNA that X1 (TGCAGGCTGCAGAGCTCCTAGGCTCGAGTTAACACTAGTAAGCTTAATTAAGATAT CATTTAC) and these 2 oligonucleotide of X2 (AATTGTAAATGATATCTTAATTAAGCTTACTAGTGTTAACTCGAGCCTAGGAGCTC TGCAGCCTGCA) are formed.
Gained plasmid pIR115 cuts with SdaI, 3 ' outstanding-terminal T4DNA polysaccharase the polishing of using, and insertion length is pBinAR (the H  fgen and the Willmitzer of 197 base pairs, 1990, PlantScience 66, HindIII/SphI fragment 221-230), it is with T4DNA polysaccharase polishing and contains the termination signal of the octopine synthase gene of Agrobacterium tumefaciems.The plasmid called after pIR96 that obtains.
By being that the dna fragmentation of 986 base pairs is cloned among the plasmid pIR96 with length among the pIR94, obtain plasmid pIR103; Described fragment contains the promotor of rice globulin gene.
PGSV71 is the derivative of plasmid pGSV7, and the latter derives by intermediate carrier pGSV1.PGSV1 is the derivative of pGSC1700, and the structure of described pGSC1700 is seen Cornelissen and Vanderwiele (Nucleic Acid Research 17, (1989), description 19-25).T-DNA sequence by disappearance Pyocianil drug resistant gene and disappearance plasmid pTiB6S3 TL-DNA obtains pGSV1 from pGSC1700.
PGSV7 contain plasmid pBR322 replication orgin (people such as Bolivar, Gene 2, (1977), 95-113) and the replication orgin of pseudomonas (Psurdomona) plasmid pVS1 (people such as Itoh, Plasmid 11, (1984), 206).PGSV7 also contains the selected marker aadA in Klebsiella pneumonia (Klebsiellapneumoniae) transposon Tn1331 source, this gene is given the resistance (Tolmasky to microbiotic spectinomycin and Streptomycin sulphate, Plasmid 24 (3), (1990), 218-226; Tolmasky and Crosa, Plasmid 29 (1), (1993), 31-40).
Between the junction region of pGSV7, be cloned into chimeric bar gene, can obtain plasmid pGSV71.Chimeric bar gene contains the promoter sequence (people such as Odel of cauliflower mosaic virus, Nature 313, (1985), 180) be used for initially transcribing, the bar gene (people such as Thompson of streptomyces hygroscopicus (Streptomyces hygroscopicus), Embo J.6, (1987), 2519-2523), and among the pTiT37 T-DNA the nopaline synthase gene 3 '-untranslated region is used for stopping transcribing and polyadenylic acidization.The bar gene provides the tolerance to weedicide grass ammonium phosphine.
From carrier A .t.-ok1-pGEM-T, cut out the dna fragmentation that contains Arabidopis thaliana OK1 protein entire reading frame, and be cloned among the carrier pIR103.For this reason, with Restriction Enzyme Bsp120I cutting plasmid A.t.-OK1-pGEM-T, its end of T4-DNA polysaccharase polishing cuts it with SalI then.Coding Arabidopis thaliana OK1 protein DNA fragment cloning is gone among the carrier pIR103 that cuts with Ecl136II and XhoI.The plasmid called after pGlo-A.t.-OK1 that obtains.
B) the preparation construct is to suppress the OK1 protein in the rice by the RNAi technology
Use Gateway TMCloning system (Invitrogen) carries out the special reorganization of plasmid pML124 and pIR115, obtains being used to transform the plasmid pML125 of rice plant.
With the length that contains the proteinic open reading frame part of coding rice OK1 among the pML119 is that the dna fragmentation (on seeing, embodiment 9) of 359 base pairs is cloned among the carrier pENTR-1A (Invitrogen, production number 11813-011) with the EcoRI cutting, obtains pML124.
With Adh (i)-1 (TTTTCTCGAGGTCCGCCTTGTTTCTCCT) and Adh (i)-2 (TTTTCTCGAGCTGCACGGGTCCAGGA) is primer, and the introne 1 of amplification maize alcohol dehydrogenase encoding gene obtains plasmid pIR87 on corn gene group DNA.With Restriction Enzyme XhoI digestion polymerase chain reaction (30 * 30 seconds, 94 ℃; 30 seconds, 59 ℃; 1 minute, 72 ℃; 2.5mM MgCl 2) product, and it is cloned among the carrier pBluescriptII SK+ (Genbank Acc.:X52328) with the same enzyme cutting.
With the length that contains rice globulin gene promotor among the pIR94 is that the dna fragmentation of 986 base pairs is cloned among the carrier pIR96.The plasmid called after pIR103 that obtains.
" RfA box " (on seeing) is cloned among the plasmid pIR103 that cuts with Restriction Enzyme EcoRV, obtains plasmid pIR107.
Using Restriction Enzyme XhoI to cut out the length that contains maize alcohol dehydrogenase encoding gene introne 1 from plasmid pIR87 is the fragment of 540 base pairs, and it is cloned among the same carrier pIR107 with the XhoI cutting.The plasmid called after pIR114 that obtains." RfA box " (on seeing) is cloned among the plasmid pIR114 that cuts with Restriction Enzyme Ecl136II, obtains plasmid pIR115.
C) conversion of rice plant
(1994, Plant Journal 6 (2), and 271-282) described method transforms rice plant (M202 kind system) with edaphic bacillus (containing plasmid pGlo-A.t.-OK1 or plasmid pML125) to use people such as Hiei.
D) analyze expression A.t.-OK1 proteinic transgenosis rice plant and synthetic starch thereof
By the Northern engram analysis, identify with plasmid pGlo-A.t.-OK1 to transform and the proteinic rice plant of expressing heterologous A.t.-OK1.
But in the greenhouse, cultivate the plant of the proteinic mRNA of coding A.t.-OK1 that contains detection limit.Gather in the crops the grain of these plants.The phosphate ester content that is covalently attached to relevant starch in the starch in these grain raises.
E) analyze transgenic plant and the synthetic starch thereof that endogenous OK1 protein expression is suppressed by the RNAi technology
By the Northern engram analysis, identify rice plant with the plasmid pML125 conversion and the proteinic endogenous mRNA of the OK1 expression decreased of wherein encoding.
13. the transgenic Rhizoma Solani tuber osi plant of preparation OK1 increased activity or reduction
A) preparation plasmid pBinB33-Hyg
At first, from plasmid pBinB33, cut out the EcoRI-HindIII fragment that comprises B33 promotor, part poly joint and ocs terminator, and it is connected into (Becker among the carrier pBIB-Hyg of corresponding cutting, 1990, Nucl.Acids Res.18,203) .Acids Res.18,203).
The promotor of potato patatin gene B33 people such as (, 1989) Rocha-Sosa with the form of DraI fragment (Nucleotide-1512 is to+14), is connected into the SstI cutting and with among its terminal carrier pUC19 of T4DNA polysaccharase polishing, obtains plasmid pBinB33.Thereby produce plasmid pUC19-B33.With EcoRI and SmaI the B33 promotor is cut out from this plasmid, and be connected into corresponding cutting carrier pBinAR (H  fgen and Willmitzer, 1990, Plant Science 66,221-230) in.Thereby produce plant expression vector pBinB33.
B) preparation carrier A .t.-OK1-pBinB33-Hyg
From plasmid OKI-pGEM, cut out the proteinic encoding sequence of A.t.-OK1 with restriction enzyme Bsp120I and SaII, be connected among the carrier pBinB33-Hyg with SmaI and SaII cutting.The carrier called after A.t.-OK1-pBinB33-Hyg that obtains.
C) transform potato plants
Transform Agrobacterium tumefaciems (bacterial strain GV2260) with plasmid A.t.-OK1-pBinB33-Hyg.Then by people such as Rocha-Sosa (EMBO J.8, (1989), 23-29) described method uses the edaphic bacillus that contains plasmid A.t.-OK1-pBinB33-Hyg to transform the potato plants of D é sir é e kind system and this plant that regenerates.The plant called after 385JH that this transformation event obtains.
D) analyze this transgenic Rhizoma Solani tuber osi plant and synthetic starch thereof
By the Western engram analysis, identify the A.t.-OK1 protein active enhanced plant that heterology is expressed, and endogenous OK1 protein active is subjected to common retarding effect and the plant that reduces.Use embodiment 11 described antibody to carry out the Western engram analysis.
Fig. 7 illustration detect from the A.t.-OK1 protein among the plant 385JH of transformation event with the Western engram analysis.In tissue culture medium, contain and cultivate single kind system in the solid phase MusharigeSkoog substratum of 100mM sucrose and transform plant 385JH 2 days, to induce the B33 promotor in the leaf texture.After the results, according to general method 1a) the described method of bar prepares protein extract from the leaf texture of these plants.Behind the denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis isolated protein, by the Western engram analysis, analyze the 40 μ g protein extracts that respectively are with the antibody described in the 10th embodiment.Sample is in contrast also analyzed the protein extract of arabidopsis thaliana and potato wild-type plant (cv D é sir é e).
The plant growing that the proteinic amount of A.t.-OK1 is increased than corresponding wild-type plant is in the greenhouse.In the isolating starch of these plant tubers, the phosphate ester content that is covalently attached to starch improves with respect to isolating starch in the unconverted wild-type plant.
14. analyze the arabidopsis thaliana that protein active of the present invention reduces
With the OK1 gene that inserts is that homozygous Arabidopis thaliana T-DNA inserts mutant (available from SalkInstitute Genomic Analysis Laboratory, 10010 N.Torrey Pines Road, LaJolla, CA 92037, http://signal.salk.edu/, ACC.No.:Salk_110814, AliasN610814) growth under the following conditions:
Photostage: 16 hours, 20 ℃
The dark stage: 8 hours, 16 ℃
Before flower be about to be grown, with plant in photostage 20 ℃ cultivated 12 hours, cultivated 12 hours for 17 ℃ in the dark stage.
The mutant kind that obtains system (Salk 110814) is that (Salk_110814-1, Salk_110814-2 Salk_110814-3) cultivate, and are used for analysis for 3 different seeds from the primordial seed material.
When the dark stage finishes, from 6 strain wild-type plants ( kotyp Columbia), win 10 leaves respectively, 50 ℃ of decolourings in 70% ethanol.In addition, from the mutant kind is Salk_110814-1, win 6 leaves respectively in the different plants of each 4 strain of Salk_110814-2 or Salk_110814-3, described plant is isozygotied for the T-DNA that inserts in the OK1 gene, and with the 50 ℃ of decolourings in 70% ethanol of these leaves.Incubation leaf 10 minutes in Lugol ' s solution dashes unnecessary Lugol ' s solution to the greatest extent with tap water then.The leaf of all wild-type plants is not by Lugol ' s solution-dyed.And on the other hand, all mutant kinds are Salk_110814-1, and the leaf colour developing of Salk_110814-2 or Salk_110814-3 is dark-brown or black (see figure 7).Therefore, mutant kind system shows as the excessive phenotype of starch with respect to wild-type plant.In growth, there is not difference between mutant kind system and the wild-type plant in the cultivation.
Use embodiment 10 described antibody by the Western engram analysis, analyze the genetically modified arabidopsis thaliana that transforms with the RNAi construct that contains OK1 gene coding region " the reverse repetition " (35S promoter regulation and control).Identify the some independent system of planting that the proteinic amount of OK1 reduces with respect to wild-type plant.Cultivating these kinds under aforementioned culture condition is.When finishing, from being, win each kind 5 leaves in the dark stage (17 ℃ 12 hours), decolouring and use Lugol ' s solution-dyed in ethanol at every turn.Compare with corresponding wild-type, all these plants are the excessive phenotype of starch.In growth, there is not difference between genetically modified plant and the wild-type plant in the cultivation.Therefore, plant and the mutant kind genetically modified by the RNAi technology are Salk_110814-1, and the characteristic of Salk_110814-2 or Salk_110814-3 is identical.
Each analysator is the starch content of the four strain arabidopsis thaliana different times of A.t.-α-OK1-1, A.t.-α-OK1-2, A.t.-α-OK1-3, A.t.-α-OK1-4, A.t.-α-OK1-5, and described kind is to produce by the independent transformation event that the RNAi technology reduces the proteinic amount of OK1.By the Western engram analysis, can confirm that each kind is the minimizing (see figure 8) of the middle proteinic amount of OK1.Use the starch test kit (production number: 0207748) determine that each kind is the starch content in the leaf of Boehringer Mannheim.For this reason, all leaves of four strain plants in collecting each kind and being, with mortar with these leaf homogenate.The leaf material that every kind of situation is got 40mg to 60mg homogenate is with 80% washing with alcohol twice, abandoning supernatant.The last alcoholic acid material that is insoluble to is with 1ml water washing postlyophilization, is dissolved in 0.5ml 0.2M KOH 1 hour under 95 ℃ then, and the pH to 7 of the solution that obtains with 88 μ l 1M acetate adjustment.Get each 25 μ l of gained solution and add 1 unit α-Dian Fenmei and (originate from bacillus amyloliquefaciens (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens), Boehringer, production number 161764) 50 μ l amyloglucosidase solution (the starch test kits of Boehringer Mannheim, production number 0207748) mixes, 55 ℃ of following incubations 1 hour.Use enzyme connection luminosity measurement (see the mgelheim from Boehringer In, determine that the product information of native starch is single, production number 0207748) then, the solution that uses this 20 μ l to handle with amyloglucosidase and α-Dian Fenmei is determined glucose.The same with transgenosis kind system simultaneously, also determine the starch content in Arabidopis thaliana wild-type plant (EcotypeColumbia) leaf.Wild-type plant and transgenic plant are cultivated under the same conditions: be 12 hours dark stages 12 hour photostage subsequently.
After the dark stage finishes the back seed germination during about 4.5 weeks, after the second dark stage that finishes the back and be right after photostage photostage finishes, collect the leaf of each transgenic plant kind system and wild-type plant.For each transgenic plant kind system, each prepares 2 parts of independent extracts, thereby draws the observed value of 2 starch content.4 parts of independent extracts of preparation for wild-type plant, each draws the observed value of 2 starch content.Obtain the result of starch content in the following definite leaf:
Planting is starch content (mg/g FW) standard deviation *
The dark stage 1 finishes
A.t.-α-OK1-1 4.09 0.55
A.t.-α-OK1-2 4.93 0.94
A.t.-α-OK1-3 5.59 0.52
A.t.-α-OK1-4 6.36 0.87
Wild-type 0.78 0.14
Finish photostage
A.t.-α-OK1-1 9.30 0.96
A.t.-α-OK1-2 9.86 1.45
A.t.-α-OK1-3 11.68 1.60
A.t.-α-OK1-4 9.53 1.25
A.t.-α-OK1-5 6.61 0.71
Wild-type 5.61 0.72
The dark stage 2 finishes
A.t.-α-OK1-1 3.92 0.83
A.t.-α-OK1-2 4.35 1.07
A.t.-α-OK1-3 6.00 0.63
A.t.-α-OK1-4 5.34 1.35
A.t.-α-OK1-5 1.46 0.56
Wild-type 0.62 0.18
Table 4: contents of starch in the arabidopsis thaliana leaf of the proteinic amount of use RNAi technology reduction OK1.
* the standard deviation of using general formula to obtain: [(n ∑ x 2-(∑ x) 2)/n (n-1)] square root
15. analytical separation is from the starch of the plant of OK1 protein active reduction
Separating starch from embodiment 14 described leaf, and with the 13rd described method hydrolysis of general method, the separation of analyzing by HPAE then.(USA), the value that obtains is with both ratio value representations for software Chromelion6.20, Dionex for the C-3 phosphoric acid ester that obtains during calculating HPAE analyzes and the area of C-6 phosphoric acid ester separation signal.The ratio of C-6 phosphoric acid ester and C-3 phosphoric acid ester is 2.1 in the wild-type plant.And on the other hand, embodiment 14 is described to be reduced by the RNAi technology in the plants of OK1 protein active, is that the C-6 phosphoric acid ester that obtains of the starch analysis of A.t.-α-OK1-1, A.t.-α-OK1-2, A.t.-α-OK1-3, A.t.-α-OK1-4 and A.t.-α-OK1-5 and the average proportions of C-3 phosphoric acid ester are 2.5 according to separating from planting.The starch of A.t.-α-OK1-5 kind system is analyzed C-6 phosphoric acid ester and the C-3 phosphoric acid ester ratio minimum (ratio is 2.2) of gained, the ratio the highest (ratio is 2.7) of the starch that from A.t.-α-OK1-1 kind is.
In related starch, separate the ratio raising of C-6 phosphoric acid ester and C-3 phosphoric acid ester in the starch of the mutant leaf of the embodiment 13 that the OK1 protein active reduces.
Sequence table
＜110〉Bayer Crop Science GmbH
＜120〉identify method of protein with starch phosphorylating enzymatic activity
<130>BCS 04-5001-PCT
<150>EP04090483.1
<151>2004-12-15
<150>EP04090121.7
<151>2004-03-29
<150>EP04090087.0
<151>2004-03-05
<150>US60/549,980 provisional
<151>2004-03-05
<160>26
＜170〉PatentIn version 3 .1
<210>1
<211>3591
<212>DNA
＜213〉Arabidopis thaliana (Arabidopsis thaliana)
<220>
<221>CDS
<222>(1)..(3591)
<223>
<400>1
atg gag agc att ggc agc cat tgt tgc agc tct cct ttc acc ttc atc 48
Met Glu Ser Ile Gly Ser His Cys Cys Ser Ser Pro Phe Thr Phe Ile
1 5 10 15
act aga aac tca tca tca tca ctt cct aga ctc gtt aac atc act cac 96
Thr Arg Asn Ser Ser Ser Ser Leu Pro Arg Leu Val Asn Ile Thr His
20 25 30
aga gtt aat ctc agc cac caa tct cac cga ctc aga aac tcc aat tct 144
Arg Val Asn Leu Ser His Gln Ser His Arg Leu Arg Asn Ser Asn Ser
35 40 45
cgt ctc act tgc act gct act tct tct tcc acc att gag gaa caa cgg 192
Arg Leu Thr Cys Thr Ala Thr Ser Ser Ser Thr Ile Glu Glu Gln Arg
50 55 60
aag aag aaa gat gga tca gga acg aaa gtg agg ttg aat gtg agg tta 240
Lys Lys Lys Asp Gly Ser Gly Thr Lys Val Arg Leu Asn Val Arg Leu
65 70 75 80
gat cat caa gtt aat ttt ggt gac cat gtg gct atg ttt gga tca gct 288
Asp His Gln Val Asn Phe Gly Asp His Val Ala Met Phe Gly Ser Ala
85 90 95
aaa gag att ggt tca tgg aaa aag aaa tcg cct ttg aat tgg agt gag 336
Lys Glu Ile Gly Ser Trp Lys Lys Lys Ser Pro Leu Asn Trp Ser Glu
100 105 110
aat gga tgg gtt tgt gag ttg gaa ctt gac ggt ggt cag gtt ttg gag 384
Asn Gly Trp Val Cys Glu Leu Glu Leu Asp Gly Gly Gln Val Leu Glu
115 120 125
tat aag ttt gtc att gtt aag aat gat ggt tca ctt tca tgg gaa tct 432
Tyr Lys Phe Val Ile Val Lys Asn Asp Gly Ser Leu Ser Trp Glu Ser
130 135 140
ggt gat aat cgt gtc ctt aag gtt cca aat tct ggg aat ttt tct gtt 480
Gly Asp Asn Arg Val Leu Lys Val Pro Asn Ser Gly Asn Phe Ser Val
145 150 155 160
gtt tgt cat tgg gat gct act aga gaa acc ctt gat ttg cct cag gag 528
Val Cys His Trp Asp Ala Thr Arg Glu Thr Leu Asp Leu Pro Gln Glu
165 170 175
gtt ggt aat gat gat gat gtt ggt gat ggt ggg cat gag agg gat aat 576
Val Gly Asn Asp Asp Asp Val Gly Asp Gly Gly His Glu Arg Asp Asn
180 185 190
cat gat gtt ggt gat gat aga gta gtg gga agt gaa aat ggt gcg cag 624
His Asp Val Gly Asp Asp Arg Val Val Gly Ser Glu Asn Gly Ala Gln
195 200 205
ctt cag aag agt aca ttg ggt ggg caa tgg caa ggt aaa gat gcg tcc 672
Leu Gln Lys Ser Thr Leu Gly Gly Gln Trp Gln Gly Lys Asp Ala Ser
210 215 220
ttt atg cgt tct aat gat cat ggt aac aga gaa gtt ggt aga aat tgg 720
Phe Met Arg Ser Asn Asp His Gly Asn Arg Glu Val Gly Arg Asn Trp
225 230 235 240
gat act agt ggt ctt gaa ggc aca gct ctt aag atg gtt gag ggt gat 768
Asp Thr Ser Gly Leu Glu Gly Thr Ala Leu Lys Met Val Glu Gly Asp
245 250 255
cgc aac tct aag aac tgg tgg aga aag ctt gaa atg gta cgc gag gtt 816
Arg Asn Ser Lys Asn Trp Trp Arg Lys Leu Glu Met Val Arg Glu Val
260 265 270
ata gtt ggg agt gtt gag agg gag gaa cga ttg aag gcg ctc ata tac 864
Ile Val Gly Ser Val Glu Arg Glu Glu Arg Leu Lys Ala Leu Ile Tyr
275 280 285
tct gca att tat ttg aag tgg ata aac aca ggt cag att cct tgt ttt 912
Ser Ala Ile Tyr Leu Lys Trp Ile Asn Thr Gly Gln Ile Pro Cys Phe
290 295 300
gaa gat gga ggg cat cac cgt cca aac agg cat gcc gag att tcc aga 960
Glu Asp Gly Gly His His Arg Pro Asn Arg His Ala Glu Ile Ser Arg
305 310 315 320
ctt ata ttc cgt gag ttg gag cac att tgc agt aag aaa gat gct act 1008
Leu Ile Phe Arg Glu Leu Glu His Ile Cys Ser Lys Lys Asp Ala Thr
325 330 335
cca gag gaa gtg ctt gtt gct cgg aaa atc cat ccg tgt tta cct tct 1056
Pro Glu Glu Val Leu Val Ala Arg Lys Ile His Pro Cys Leu Pro Ser
340 345 350
ttc aaa gca gag ttt act gca gct gtc cct cta act cgg att agg gac 1104
Phe Lys Ala Glu Phe Thr Ala Ala Val Pro Leu Thr Arg Ile Arg Asp
355 360 365
ata gcc cat cgg aat gat att cct cat gat ctc aag caa gaa atc aag 1152
Ile Ala His Arg Asn Asp Ile Pro His Asp Leu Lys Gln Glu Ile Lys
370 375 380
cat acg ata caa aat aag ctt cac cgg aat gct ggt cca gaa gat cta 1200
His Thr Ile Gln Asn Lys Leu His Arg Asn Ala Gly Pro Glu Asp Leu
385 390 395 400
att gca aca gaa gca atg ctt caa cga att acc gag acc cca gga aaa 1248
Ile Ala Thr Glu Ala Met Leu Gln Arg Ile Thr Glu Thr Pro Gly Lys
405 410 415
tat agt gga gac ttt gtg gag cag ttt aaa ata ttc cat aat gag ctt 1296
Tyr Ser Gly Asp Phe Val Glu Gln Phe Lys Ile Phe His Asn Glu Leu
420 425 430
aaa gat ttc ttt aat gct gga agt ctc act gaa cag ctt gat tct atg 1344
Lys Asp Phe Phe Asn Ala Gly Ser Leu Thr Glu Gln Leu Asp Ser Met
435 440 445
aaa att tct atg gat gat aga ggt ctt tct gcg ctc aat ttg ttt ttt 1392
Lys Ile Ser Met Asp Asp Arg Gly Leu Ser Ala Leu Asn Leu Phe Phe
450 455 460
gaa tgt aaa aag cgc ctt gac aca tca gga gaa tca agc aat gtt ttg 1440
Glu Cys Lys Lys Arg Leu Asp Thr Ser Gly Glu Ser Ser Asn Val Leu
465 470 475 480
gag ttg att aaa acc atg cat tct cta gct tct tta aga gaa aca att 1488
Glu Leu Ile Lys Thr Met His Ser Leu Ala Ser Leu Arg Glu Thr Ile
485 490 495
ata aag gaa ctt aat agc ggc ttg cga aat gat gct cct gat act gcc 1536
Ile Lys Glu Leu Asn Ser Gly Leu Arg Asn Asp Ala Pro Asp Thr Ala
500 505 510
att gca atg cgc cag aag tgg cgc ctt tgt gag atc ggc ctc gag gac 1584
Ile Ala Met Arg Gln Lys Trp Arg Leu Cys Glu Ile Gly Leu Glu Asp
515 520 525
tac ttt ttt gtt cta cta agc aga ttc ctc aat gct ctt gaa act atg 1632
Tyr Phe Phe Val Leu Leu Ser Arg Phe Leu Asn Ala Leu Glu Thr Met
530 535 540
gga gga gct gat caa ctg gca aaa gat gtg gga tca aga aac gtt gcc 1680
Gly Gly Ala Asp Gln Leu Ala Lys Asp Val Gly Ser Arg Asn Val Ala
545 550 555 560
tca tgg aat gat cca cta gat gct ttg gtg ttg ggt gtt cac caa gta 1728
Ser Trp Asn Asp Pro Leu Asp Ala Leu Val Leu Gly Val His Gln Val
565 570 575
ggt cta tct ggt tgg aag caa gaa gaa tgt tta gcc att gga aat gaa 1776
Gly Leu Ser Gly Trp Lys Gln Glu Glu Cys Leu Ala Ile Gly Asn Glu
580 585 590
ctc ctt gct tgg cga gaa agg gac cta ctt gaa aaa gaa ggg gaa gag 1824
Leu Leu Ala Trp Arg Glu Arg Asp Leu Leu Glu Lys Glu Gly Glu Glu
595 600 605
gat gga aaa aca att tgg gcc atg agg ctg aaa gca act ctt gat cga 1872
Asp Gly Lys Thr Ile Trp Ala Met Arg Leu Lys Ala Thr Leu Asp Arg
610 615 620
gca cgc aga tta aca gca gaa tat tct gat ttg ctt ctt caa ata ttt 1920
Ala Arg Arg Leu Thr Ala Glu Tyr Ser Asp Leu Leu Leu Gln Ile Phe
625 630 635 640
cct cct aat gtg gag att tta gga aaa gct cta gga att cca gag aat 1968
Pro Pro Asn Val Glu Ile Leu Gly Lys Ala Leu Gly Ile Pro Glu Asn
645 650 655
agt gtc aag acc tat aca gaa gca gag att cgt gct gga att att ttc 2016
Ser Val Lys Thr Tyr Thr Glu Ala Glu Ile Arg Ala Gly Ile Ile Phe
660 665 670
cag atc tca aag ctc tgc act gtt ctt cta aaa gct gta aga aat tca 2064
Gln Ile Ser Lys Leu Cys Thr Val Leu Leu Lys Ala Val Arg Asn Ser
675 680 685
ctt ggt tct gag ggc tgg gat gtc gtt gta cct gga tcg acg tct ggg 2112
Leu Gly Ser Glu Gly Trp Asp Val Val Val Pro Gly Ser Thr Ser Gly
690 695 700
aca tta gtt cag gtt gag agc att gtt ccg gga tca ttg cca gca act 2160
Thr Leu Val Gln Val Glu Ser Ile Val Pro Gly Ser Leu Pro Ala Thr
705 710 715 720
tct ggt ggt cct att att ctc ttg gtc aat aaa gct gat ggc gat gaa 2208
Ser Gly Gly Pro Ile Ile Leu Leu Val Asn Lys Ala Asp Gly Asp Glu
725 730 735
gag gta agt gct gct aat ggg aac ata gct gga gtc atg ctt ctg cag 2256
Glu Val Ser Ala Ala Asn Gly Asn Ile Ala Gly Val Met Leu Leu Gln
740 745 750
gag ctg cct cac ttg tct cac ctt ggc gtt aga gcg cgg cag gag aaa 2304
Glu Leu Pro His Leu Ser His Leu Gly Val Arg Ala Arg Gln Glu Lys
755 760 765
att gtc ttt gtg aca tgt gat gat gat gac aag gtt gct gat ata cga 2352
Ile Val Phe Val Thr Cys Asp Asp Asp Asp Lys Val Ala Asp Ile Arg
770 775 780
cga ctt gtg gga aaa ttt gtg agg ttg gaa gca tct cca agt cat gtg 2400
Arg Leu Val Gly Lys Phe Val Arg Leu Glu Ala Ser Pro Ser His Val
785 790 795 800
aat ctg ata ctt tca act gag ggt agg agt cgc act tcc aaa tcc agt 2448
Asn Leu Ile Leu Ser Thr Glu Gly Arg Ser Arg Thr Ser Lys Ser Ser
805 810 815
gcg acc aaa aaa acg gat aag aac agc tta tct aag aaa aaa aca gat 2496
Ala Thr Lys Lys Thr Asp Lys Asn Ser Leu Ser Lys Lys Lys Thr Asp
820 825 830
aag aag agc tta tct atc gat gat gaa gaa tca aag cct ggt tcc tca 2544
Lys Lys Ser Leu Ser Ile Asp Asp Glu Glu Ser Lys Pro Gly Ser Ser
835 840 845
tct tcc aat agc ctc ctt tac tct tcc aag gat atc cct agt gga gga 2592
Ser Ser Asn Ser Leu Leu Tyr Ser Ser Lys Asp Ile Pro Ser Gly Gly
850 855 860
atc ata gca ctt gct gat gca gat gta cca act tct ggt tca aaa tct 2640
Ile Ile Ala Leu Ala Asp Ala Asp Val Pro Thr Ser Gly Ser Lys Ser
865 870 875 880
gct gca tgt ggt ctt ctt gca tct tta gca gaa gcc tct agt aaa gtg 2688
Ala Ala Cys Gly Leu Leu Ala Ser Leu Ala Glu Ala Ser Ser Lys Val
885 890 895
cac agc gaa cac gga gtt ccg gca tca ttt aag gtt cca act gga gtt 2736
His Ser Glu His Gly Val Pro Ala Ser Phe Lys Val Pro Thr Gly Val
900 905 910
gtc ata cct ttt gga tcg atg gaa tta gct tta aag caa aat aat tcg 2784
Val Ile Pro Phe Gly Ser Met Glu Leu Ala Leu Lys Gln Asn Asn Ser
915 920 925
gaa gaa aag ttt gcg tct ttg cta gaa aaa cta gaa acc gcc aga cct 2832
Glu Glu Lys Phe Ala Ser Leu Leu Glu Lys Leu Glu Thr Ala Arg Pro
930 935 940
gag ggt ggt gag cta gac gac ata tgt gac cag atc cat gaa gtg atg 2880
Glu Gly Gly Glu Leu Asp Asp Ile Cys Asp Gln Ile His Glu Val Met
945 950 955 960
aaa acg ttg caa gtg cct aaa gaa aca atc aac agc ata agc aaa gcg 2928
Lys Thr Leu Gln Val Pro Lys Glu Thr Ile Asn Ser Ile Ser Lys Ala
965 970 975
ttt ctc aaa gat gct cgt ctc att gtt cgt tca agt gct aac gtc gag 2976
Phe Leu Lys Asp Ala Arg Leu Ile Val Arg Ser Ser Ala Asn Val Glu
980 985 990
gac tta gcc gga atg tca gct gca gga ctc tat gaa tca atc cct aac 3024
Asp Leu Ala Gly Met Ser Ala Ala Gly Leu Tyr Glu Ser Ile Pro Asn
995 1000 1005
gtg agt ccc tcg gat cct ttg gtg ttt tca gat tcg gtt tgc caa 3069
Val Ser Pro Ser Asp Pro Leu Val Phe Ser Asp Ser Val Cys Gln
1010 1015 1020
gtt tgg gct tct ctc tac aca aga aga gct gtt cta agc cgt aga 3114
Val Trp Ala Ser Leu Tyr Thr Arg Arg Ala Val Leu Ser Arg Arg
1025 1030 1035
gct gct ggt gtc tct caa aga gaa gct tca atg gct gtt ctc gtt 3159
Ala Ala Gly Val Ser Gln Arg Glu Ala Ser Met Ala Val Leu Val
1040 1045 1050
caa gaa atg ctt tcg ccg gac tta tca ttc gtt ctg cac aca gtg 3204
Gln Glu Met Leu Ser Pro Asp Leu Ser Phe Val Leu His Thr Val
1055 1060 1065
agt cca gct gat ccg gac agt aac ctt gtg gaa gcc gag atc gct 3249
Ser Pro Ala Asp Pro Asp Ser Asn Leu Val Glu Ala Glu Ile Ala
1070 1075 1080
cct ggt tta ggt gag act tta gct tca gga aca aga gga aca cca 3294
Pro Gly Leu Gly Glu Thr Leu Ala Ser Gly Thr Arg Gly Thr Pro
1085 1090 1095
tgg aga ctc gct tcg ggt aag ctc gac ggg att gta caa acc tta 3339
Trp Arg Leu Ala Ser Gly Lys Leu Asp Gly Ile Val Gln Thr Leu
1100 1105 1110
gct ttc gca aac ttc agc gaa gag ctt ctt gtg tca gga aca ggt 3384
Ala Phe Ala Asn Phe Ser Glu Glu Leu Leu Val Ser Gly Thr Gly
1115 1120 1125
cct gct gat gga aaa tac gtt cgg ttg acc gtg gac tat agc aaa 3429
Pro Ala Asp Gly Lys Tyr Val Arg Leu Thr Val Asp Tyr Ser Lys
1130 1135 1140
aaa cgt tta act gtt gac tcg gtg ttt aga cag cag ctc ggt cag 3474
Lys Arg Leu Thr Val Asp Ser Val Phe Arg Gln Gln Leu Gly Gln
1145 1150 1155
aga ctc ggt tcg gtt ggt ttc ttc ttg gaa aga aac ttt ggc tgt 3519
Arg Leu Gly Ser Val Gly Phe Phe Leu Glu Arg Asn Phe Gly Cys
1160 1165 1170
gct caa gac gtt gaa ggt tgt ttg gtt ggt gaa gat gtt tac att 3564
Ala Gln Asp Val Glu Gly Cys Leu Val Gly Glu Asp Val Tyr Ile
1175 1180 1185
gtt cag tca agg cca caa cct ctg tag 3591
Val Gln Ser Arg Pro Gln Pro Leu
1190 1195
<210>2
<211>1196
<212>PRT
＜213〉Arabidopis thaliana
<400>2
Met Glu Ser Ile Gly Ser His Cys Cys Ser Ser Pro Phe Thr Phe Ile
1 5 10 15
Thr Arg Asn Ser Ser Ser Ser Leu Pro Arg Leu Val Asn Ile Thr His
20 25 30
Arg Val Asn Leu Ser His Gln Ser His Arg Leu Arg Asn Ser Asn Ser
35 40 45
Arg Leu Thr Cys Thr Ala Thr Ser Ser Ser Thr Ile Glu Glu Gln Arg
50 55 60
Lys Lys Lys Asp Gly Ser Gly Thr Lys Val Arg Leu Asn Val Arg Leu
65 70 75 80
Asp His Gln Val Asn Phe Gly Asp His Val Ala Met Phe Gly Ser Ala
85 90 95
Lys Glu Ile Gly Ser Trp Lys Lys Lys Ser Pro Leu Asn Trp Ser Glu
100 105 110
Asn Gly Trp Val Cys Glu Leu Glu Leu Asp Gly Gly Gln Val Leu Glu
115 120 125
Tyr Lys Phe Val Ile Val Lys Asn Asp Gly Ser Leu Ser Trp Glu Ser
130 135 140
Gly Asp Asn Arg Val Leu Lys Val Pro Asn Ser Gly Asn Phe Ser Val
145 150 155 160
Val Cys His Trp Asp Ala Thr Arg Glu Thr Leu Asp Leu Pro Gln Glu
165 170 175
Val Gly Asn Asp Asp Asp Val Gly Asp Gly Gly His Glu Arg Asp Asn
180 185 190
His Asp Val Gly Asp Asp Arg Val Val Gly Ser Glu Asn Gly Ala Gln
195 200 205
Leu Gln Lys Ser Thr Leu Gly Gly Gln Trp Gln Gly Lys Asp Ala Ser
210 215 220
Phe Met Arg Ser Asn Asp His Gly Asn Arg Glu Val Gly Arg Asn Trp
225 230 235 240
Asp Thr Ser Gly Leu Glu Gly Thr Ala Leu Lys Met Val Glu Gly Asp
245 250 255
Arg Asn Ser Lys Asn Trp Trp Arg Lys Leu Glu Met Val Arg Glu Val
260 265 270
Ile Val Gly Ser Val Glu Arg Glu Glu Arg Leu Lys Ala Leu Ile Tyr
275 280 285
Ser Ala Ile Tyr Leu Lys Trp Ile Asn Thr Gly Gln Ile Pro Cys Phe
290 295 300
Glu Asp Gly Gly His His Arg Pro Asn Arg His Ala Glu Ile Ser Arg
305 310 315 320
Leu Ile Phe Arg Glu Leu Glu His Ile Cys Ser Lys Lys Asp Ala Thr
325 330 335
Pro Glu Glu Val Leu Val Ala Arg Lys Ile His Pro Cys Leu Pro Ser
340 345 350
Phe Lys Ala Glu Phe Thr Ala Ala Val Pro Leu Thr Arg Ile Arg Asp
355 360 365
Ile Ala His Arg Asn Asp Ile Pro His Asp Leu Lys Gln Glu Ile Lys
370 375 380
His Thr Ile Gln Asn Lys Leu His Arg Asn Ala Gly Pro Glu Asp Leu
385 390 395 400
Ile Ala Thr Glu Ala Met Leu Gln Arg Ile Thr Glu Thr Pro Gly Lys
405 410 415
Tyr Ser Gly Asp Phe Val Glu Gln Phe Lys Ile Phe His Asn Glu Leu
420 425 430
Lys Asp Phe Phe Asn Ala Gly Ser Leu Thr Glu Gln Leu Asp Ser Met
435 440 445
Lys Ile Ser Met Asp Asp Arg Gly Leu Ser Ala Leu Asn Leu Phe Phe
450 455 460
Glu Cys Lys Lys Arg Leu Asp Thr Ser Gly Glu Ser Ser Asn Val Leu
465 470 475 480
Glu Leu Ile Lys Thr Met His Ser Leu Ala Ser Leu Arg Glu Thr Ile
485 490 495
Ile Lys Glu Leu Asn Ser Gly Leu Arg Asn Asp Ala Pro Asp Thr Ala
500 505 510
Ile Ala Met Arg Gln Lys Trp Arg Leu Cys Glu Ile Gly Leu Glu Asp
515 520 525
Tyr Phe Phe Val Leu Leu Ser Arg Phe Leu Asn Ala Leu Glu Thr Met
530 535 540
Gly Gly Ala Asp Gln Leu Ala Lys Asp Val Gly Ser Arg Asn Val Ala
545 550 555 560
Ser Trp Asn Asp Pro Leu Asp Ala Leu Val Leu Gly Val His Gln Val
565 570 575
Gly Leu Ser Gly Trp Lys Gln Glu Glu Cys Leu Ala Ile Gly Asn Glu
580 585 590
Leu Leu Ala Trp Arg Glu Arg Asp Leu Leu Glu Lys Glu Gly Glu Glu
595 600 605
Asp Gly Lys Thr Ile Trp Ala Met Arg Leu Lys Ala Thr Leu Asp Arg
610 615 620
Ala Arg Arg Leu Thr Ala Glu Tyr Ser Asp Leu Leu Leu Gln Ile Phe
625 630 635 640
Pro Pro Asn Val Glu Ile Leu Gly Lys Ala Leu Gly Ile Pro Glu Asn
645 650 655
Ser Val Lys Thr Tyr Thr Glu Ala Glu Ile Arg Ala Gly Ile Ile Phe
660 665 670
Gln Ile Ser Lys Leu Cys Thr Val Leu Leu Lys Ala Val Arg Asn Ser
675 680 685
Leu Gly Ser Glu Gly Trp Asp Val Val Val Pro Gly Ser Thr Ser Gly
690 695 700
Thr Leu Val Gln Val Glu Ser Ile Val Pro Gly Ser Leu Pro Ala Thr
705 710 715 720
Ser Gly Gly Pro Ile Ile Leu Leu Val Asn Lys Ala Asp Gly Asp Glu
725 730 735
Glu Val Ser Ala Ala Asn Gly Asn Ile Ala Gly Val Met Leu Leu Gln
740 745 750
Glu Leu Pro His Leu Ser His Leu Gly Val Arg Ala Arg Gln Glu Lys
755 760 765
Ile Val Phe Val Thr Cys Asp Asp Asp Asp Lys Val Ala Asp Ile Arg
770 775 780
Arg Leu Val Gly Lys Phe Val Arg Leu Glu Ala Ser Pro Ser His Val
785 790 795 800
Asn Leu Ile Leu Ser Thr Glu Gly Arg Ser Arg Thr Ser Lys Ser Ser
805 810 815
Ala Thr Lys Lys Thr Asp Lys Asn Ser Leu Ser Lys Lys Lys Thr Asp
820 825 830
Lys Lys Ser Leu Ser Ile Asp Asp Glu Glu Ser Lys Pro Gly Ser Ser
835 840 845
Ser Ser Asn Ser Leu Leu Tyr Ser Ser Lys Asp Ile Pro Ser Gly Gly
850 855 860
Ile Ile Ala Leu Ala Asp Ala Asp Val Pro Thr Ser Gly Ser Lys Ser
865 870 875 880
Ala Ala Cys Gly Leu Leu Ala Ser Leu Ala Glu Ala Ser Ser Lys Val
885 890 895
His Ser Glu His Gly Val Pro Ala Ser Phe Lys Val Pro Thr Gly Val
900 905 910
Val Ile Pro Phe Gly Ser Met Glu Leu Ala Leu Lys Gln Asn Asn Ser
915 920 925
Glu Glu Lys Phe Ala Ser Leu Leu Glu Lys Leu Glu Thr Ala Arg Pro
930 935 940
Glu Gly Gly Glu Leu Asp Asp Ile Cys Asp Gln Ile His Glu Val Met
945 950 955 960
Lys Thr Leu Gln Val Pro Lys Glu Thr Ile Asn Ser Ile Ser Lys Ala
965 970 975
Phe Leu Lys Asp Ala Arg Leu Ile Val Arg Ser Ser Ala Asn Val Glu
980 985 990
Asp Leu Ala Gly Met Ser Ala Ala Gly Leu Tyr Glu Ser Ile Pro Asn
995 1000 1005
Val Ser Pro Ser Asp Pro Leu Val Phe Ser Asp Ser Val Cys Gln
1010 1015 1020
Val Trp Ala Ser Leu Tyr Thr Arg Arg Ala Val Leu Ser Arg Arg
1025 1030 1035
Ala Ala Gly Val Ser Gln Arg Glu Ala Ser Met Ala Val Leu Val
1040 1045 1050
Gln Glu Met Leu Ser Pro Asp Leu Ser Phe Val Leu His Thr Val
1055 1060 1065
Ser Pro Ala Asp Pro Asp Ser Asn Leu Val Glu Ala Glu Ile Ala
1070 1075 1080
Pro Gly Leu Gly Glu Thr Leu Ala Ser Gly Thr Arg Gly Thr Pro
1085 1090 1095
Trp Arg Leu Ala Ser Gly Lys Leu Asp Gly Ile Val Gln Thr Leu
1100 1105 1110
Ala Phe Ala Asn Phe Ser Glu Glu Leu Leu Val Ser Gly Thr Gly
1115 1120 1125
Pro Ala Asp Gly Lys Tyr Val Arg Leu Thr Val Asp Tyr Ser Lys
1130 1135 1140
Lys Arg Leu Thr Val Asp Ser Val Phe Arg Gln Gln Leu Gly Gln
1145 1150 1155
Arg Leu Gly Ser Val Gly Phe Phe Leu Glu Arg Asn Phe Gly Cys
1160 1165 1170
Ala Gln Asp Val Glu Gly Cys Leu Val Gly Glu Asp Val Tyr Ile
1175 1180 1185
Val Gln Ser Arg Pro Gln Pro Leu
1190 1195
<210>3
<211>3644
<212>DNA
＜213〉rice (Oryza sativa)
<220>
<221>CDS
<222>(13)..(3633)
<223>
<400>3
cgaggaggat ca atg acg tcg ctg cgg ccc ctc gaa acc tcg ctc tcc ata 51
Met Thr Ser Leu Arg Pro Leu Glu Thr Ser Leu Ser Ile
1 5 10
ggc ggc agg ccg cgc cgt ggt ctc gtc ctc ccg ccg ccc gga gtc ggt 99
Gly Gly Arg Pro Arg Arg Gly Leu Val Leu Pro Pro Pro Gly Val Gly
15 20 25
gcg ggt gtg ctg ctc cgc cgg gga gcg atg gcg ctc cct ggg cgg cgc 147
Ala Gly Val Leu Leu Arg Arg Gly Ala Met Ala Leu Pro Gly Arg Arg
30 35 40 45
ggc ttc gcg tgc cgc ggg aga tcc gcg gcc tcg gcg gca gag aga aca 195
Gly Phe Ala Cys Arg Gly Arg Ser Ala Ala Ser Ala Ala Glu Arg Thr
50 55 60
aag gag aaa aag aga aga gat tct tca aag cag cca ttg gtg cat ctc 243
Lys Glu Lys Lys Arg Arg Asp Ser Ser Lys Gln Pro Leu Val His Leu
65 70 75
cag gtt tgt cta gag cac cag gtt aag ttt ggt gag cat gta ggc att 291
Gln Val Cys Leu Glu His Gln Val Lys Phe Gly Glu His Val Gly Ile
80 85 90
atc ggt tcc aca aag gag ctt ggt tca tgg gag gag cag gtt gaa ctg 339
Ile Gly Ser Thr Lys Glu Leu Gly Ser Trp Glu Glu Gln Val Glu Leu
95 100 105
gaa tgg act aca aat ggt tgg gtc tgc cag ctt aag ctc cct gga gaa 387
Glu Trp Thr Thr Asn Gly Trp Val Cys Gln Leu Lys Leu Pro Gly Glu
110 115 120 125
aca ctt gtg gag ttt aaa ttt gtt ata ttt ttg gtg gga gga aaa gat 435
Thr Leu Val Glu Phe Lys Phe Val Ile Phe Leu Val Gly Gly Lys Asp
130 135 140
aaa ata tgg gaa gat ggt aat aac cgt gtt gtt gag ctg ccg aag gat 483
Lys Ile Trp Glu Asp Gly Asn Asn Arg Val Val Glu Leu Pro Lys Asp
145 150 155
ggt aag ttt gat ata gta tgc cac tgg aat aga aca gaa gag cca tta 531
Gly Lys Phe Asp Ile Val Cys His Trp Asn Arg Thr Glu Glu Pro Leu
160 165 170
gaa ctt tta gga aca cca aag ttt gag ttg gtc gga gaa gct gaa aag 579
Glu Leu Leu Gly Thr Pro Lys Phe Glu Leu Val Gly Glu Ala Glu Lys
175 180 185
aat act ggc gag gat gct tca gca tct gta act ttt gca cct gaa aaa 627
Asn Thr Gly Glu Asp Ala Ser Ala Ser Val Thr Phe Ala Pro Glu Lys
190 195 200 205
gtt caa gat att tca gtt gtt gag aat ggt gat cca gca cca gag gcc 675
Val Gln Asp Ile Ser Val Val Glu Asn Gly Asp Pro Ala Pro Glu Ala
210 215 220
gag tca agc aaa ttt ggt ggg caa tgg caa gga agt aaa act gtt ttc 723
Glu Ser Ser Lys Phe Gly Gly Gln Trp Gln Gly Ser Lys Thr Val Phe
225 230 235
atg aga tca aat gag cat ctg aat aag gag gct gat agg atg tgg gat 771
Met Arg Ser Asn Glu His Leu Asn Lys Glu Ala Asp Arg Met Trp Asp
240 245 250
aca act ggg ctt gat gga ata gca ctg aaa ctg gtg gag ggc gat aaa 819
Thr Thr Gly Leu Asp Gly Ile Ala Leu Lys Leu Val Glu Gly Asp Lys
255 260 265
gca tcc agg aac tgg tgg cgg aag tta gag gtt gtt cgc ggg ata ttg 867
Ala Ser Arg Asn Trp Trp Arg Lys Leu Glu Val Val Arg Gly Ile Leu
270 275 280 285
tca gaa tct ttt gat gac cag agt cgt ctg ggg gcc ctt gta tac tca 915
Ser Glu Ser Phe Asp Asp Gln Ser Arg Leu Gly Ala Leu Val Tyr Ser
290 295 300
gct att tat ctg aag tgg att tat aca ggt cag ata tcg tgc ttt gaa 963
Ala Ile Tyr Leu Lys Trp Ile Tyr Thr Gly Gln Ile Ser Cys Phe Glu
305 310 315
gat ggt ggc cac cat cgg cct aac aaa cat gct gag ata tcg agg caa 1011
Asp Gly Gly His His Arg Pro Asn Lys His Ala Glu Ile Ser Arg Gln
320 325 330
ata ttc cgt gaa ctt gaa atg atg tat tat ggg aaa acc aca tca gcc 1059
Ile Phe Arg Glu Leu Glu Met Met Tyr Tyr Gly Lys Thr Thr Ser Ala
335 340 345
aag gat gtt ctc gtg att cgc aaa att cat ccc ttt tta cct tca ttt 1107
Lys Asp Val Leu Val Ile Arg Lys Ile His Pro Phe Leu Pro Ser Phe
350 355 360 365
aag tca gag ttt aca gcc tct gtc cct cta aca cga att cgt gat att 1155
Lys Ser Glu Phe Thr Ala Ser Val Pro Leu Thr Arg Ile Arg Asp Ile
370 375 380
gct cac cgg aat gac atc cca cat gat ctc aag caa gaa atc aag cat 1203
Ala His Arg Asn Asp Ile Pro His Asp Leu Lys Gln Glu Ile Lys His
385 390 395
act ata caa aac aaa ctt cat cgt aat gct gga cct gag gat ctt att 1251
Thr Ile Gln Asn Lys Leu His Arg Asn Ala Gly Pro Glu Asp Leu Ile
400 405 410
gct aca gaa gtc atg ctt gct agg att act aag acc cct gga gaa tac 1299
Ala Thr Glu Val Met Leu Ala Arg Ile Thr Lys Thr Pro Gly Glu Tyr
415 420 425
agt gaa aca ttt gtt gaa caa ttc acg ata ttt tat agc gaa cta aaa 1347
Ser Glu Thr Phe Val Glu Gln Phe Thr Ile Phe Tyr Ser Glu Leu Lys
430 435 440 445
gat ttc ttc aat gct ggc agc cta ttt gag caa ctg gag tcc atc aag 1395
Asp Phe Phe Asn Ala Gly Ser Leu Phe Glu Gln Leu Glu Ser Ile Lys
450 455 460
gaa tct ctg aac gag tca ggc tta gaa gtt ctc tca tcc ttt gtg gaa 1443
Glu Ser Leu Asn Glu Ser Gly Leu Glu Val Leu Ser Ser Phe Val Glu
465 470 475
acc aaa agg agt ttg gac caa gtg gat cat gca gaa gat ttg gat aaa 1491
Thr Lys Arg Ser Leu Asp Gln Val Asp His Ala Glu Asp Leu Asp Lys
480 485 490
aat gat acc att caa att ttg atg act acc ttg caa tca tta tct tct 1539
Asn Asp Thr Ile Gln Ile Leu Met Thr Thr Leu Gln Ser Leu Ser Ser
495 500 505
cta aga tcg gtt cta atg aag ggc ctt gaa agt ggc ctt aga aat gat 1587
Leu Arg Ser Val Leu Met Lys Gly Leu Glu Ser Gly Leu Arg Asn Asp
510 515 520 525
gcg cct gat aat gct ata gca atg cga caa aag tgg cgc ctt tgt gaa 1635
Ala Pro Asp Asn Ala Ile Ala Met Arg Gln Lys Trp Arg Leu Cys Glu
530 535 540
att agt ctt gag gat tat tca ttt gtt ctg tta agc aga ttc atc aat 1683
Ile Ser Leu Glu Asp Tyr Ser Phe Val Leu Leu Ser Arg Phe Ile Asn
545 550 555
act ctt gaa gcc tta ggt gga tca gct tca ctt gca aag gat gta gct 1731
Thr Leu Glu Ala Leu Gly Gly Ser Ala Ser Leu Ala Lys Asp Val Ala
560 565 570
aga aat act act cta tgg gat act act ctt gat gcc ctt gtc att ggc 1779
Arg Asn Thr Thr Leu Trp Asp Thr Thr Leu Asp Ala Leu Val Ile Gly
575 580 585
atc aat caa gtt agc ttt tca ggt tgg aaa aca gat gaa tgt att gcc 1827
Ile Asn Gln Val Ser Phe Ser Gly Trp Lys Thr Asp Glu Cys Ile Ala
590 595 600 605
ata ggg aat gag att ctt tcc tgg aag caa aaa ggt cta tct gaa agt 1875
Ile Gly Asn Glu Ile Leu Ser Trp Lys Gln Lys Gly Leu Ser Glu Ser
610 615 620
gaa ggt tgt gaa gat ggg aaa tat att tgg tca cta aga ctt aaa gct 1923
Glu Gly Cys Glu Asp Gly Lys Tyr Ile Trp Ser Leu Arg Leu Lys Ala
625 630 635
aca ctg gac aga gca cgg aga tta acg gaa gag tac tct gaa gca ctt 1971
Thr Leu Asp Arg Ala Arg Arg Leu Thr Glu Glu Tyr Ser Glu Ala Leu
640 645 650
ctt tct ata ttc cct gaa aaa gta atg gtt att ggg aaa gcc ctt gga 2019
Leu Ser Ile Phe Pro Glu Lys Val Met Val Ile Gly Lys Ala Leu Gly
655 660 665
ata cca gat aac agt gtg aga act tac aca gag gca gaa att cgt gct 2067
Ile Pro Asp Asn Ser Val Arg Thr Tyr Thr Glu Ala Glu Ile Arg Ala
670 675 680 685
ggc att gtt ttt cag gta tct aaa cta tgc aca gta ctt cag aaa gca 2115
Gly Ile Val Phe Gln Val Ser Lys Leu Cys Thr Val Leu Gln Lys Ala
690 695 700
att cga gaa gta ctt gga tca act ggc tgg gat gtt ctt gtt cct gga 2163
Ile Arg Glu Val Leu Gly Ser Thr Gly Trp Asp Val Leu Val Pro Gly
705 710 715
gtg gcc cat gga act ctg atg cgg gtg gaa aga att ctt cct gga tca 2211
Val Ala His Gly Thr Leu Met Arg Val Glu Arg Ile Leu Pro Gly Ser
720 725 730
tta cct tca tct gtc aaa gaa cct gtg gtt cta att gta gat aag gct 2259
Leu Pro Ser Ser Val Lys Glu Pro Val Val Leu Ile Val Asp Lys Ala
735 740 745
gat gga gat gaa gag gtc aaa gct gct ggg gat aat ata gtt ggt gtt 2307
Asp Gly Asp Glu Glu Val Lys Ala Ala Gly Asp Asn Ile Val Gly Val
750 755 760 765
att ctt ctt cag gaa cta cct cac ctt tca cat ctt ggt gtt aga gct 2355
Ile Leu Leu Gln Glu Leu Pro His Leu Ser His Leu Gly Val Arg Ala
770 775 780
cgt caa gag aat gtt gta ttt gta act tgt gaa tat gat gac aca gtt 2403
Arg Gln Glu Asn Val Val Phe Val Thr Cys Glu Tyr Asp Asp Thr Val
785 790 795
aca gat gtg tat ttg ctt gag gga aaa tat atc aga tta gaa gca tca 2451
Thr Asp Val Tyr Leu Leu Glu Gly Lys Tyr Ile Arg Leu Glu Ala Ser
800 805 810
tcc atc aat gtc aat ctc tca ata gtt tca gaa aaa aat gac aat gct 2499
Ser Ile Asn Val Asn Leu Ser Ile Val Ser Glu Lys Asn Asp Asn Ala
815 820 825
gtc tct aca gaa cca aat agt aca ggg aat cca ttt caa cag aaa ctc 2547
Val Ser Thr Glu Pro Asn Ser Thr Gly Asn Pro Phe Gln Gln Lys Leu
830 835 840 845
caa aat gaa ttc tct cta cca tcg gat atc gag atg cca ctg caa atg 2595
Gln Asn Glu Phe Ser Leu Pro Ser Asp Ile Glu Met Pro Leu Gln Met
850 855 860
tct aag caa aaa agc aaa tca gga gtg aat ggt agt ttt gct gct ctt 2643
Ser Lys Gln Lys Ser Lys Ser Gly Val Asn Gly Ser Phe Ala Ala Leu
865 870 875
gag ctt tca gaa gct tca gtg gaa tca gct ggt gca aaa gct gct gca 2691
Glu Leu Ser Glu Ala Ser Val Glu Ser Ala Gly Ala Lys Ala Ala Ala
880 885 890
tgc aga act ctt tct gtt ctt gct tca ttg tct aat aaa gtc tat agt 2739
Cys Arg Thr Leu Ser Val Leu Ala Ser Leu Ser Asn Lys Val Tyr Ser
895 900 905
gat caa gga gtt cca gca gcc ttt aga gtc cct tct ggt gct gtg ata 2787
Asp Gln Gly Val Pro Ala Ala Phe Arg Val Pro Ser Gly Ala Val Ile
910 915 920 925
cca ttt gga tca atg gag gat gcg ctc aag aaa agt gga tca ctg gaa 2835
Pro Phe Gly Ser Met Glu Asp Ala Leu Lys Lys Ser Gly Ser Leu Glu
930 935 940
tcc ttt aca agc ctt cta gaa aag att gaa aca gcc aaa gtc gaa aat 2883
Ser Phe Thr Ser Leu Leu Glu Lys Ile Glu Thr Ala Lys Val Glu Asn
945 950 955
ggt gaa gtt gat agc ctg gcg ttg gag cta caa gca ata att tca cat 2931
Gly Glu Val Asp Ser Leu Ala Leu Glu Leu Gln Ala Ile Ile Ser His
960 965 970
ctt tcc cca ccg gag gag act att ata ttt ctc aaa aga atc ttc cca 2979
Leu Ser Pro Pro Glu Glu Thr Ile Ile Phe Leu Lys Arg Ile Phe Pro
975 980 985
cag gat gtc cgg ttg att gtt aga tct agt gct aat gtg gag gat ttg 3027
Gln Asp Val Arg Leu Ile Val Arg Ser Ser Ala Asn Val Glu Asp Leu
990 995 1000 1005
gct ggt atg tca gct gct ggt ctc tat gat tca att ccc aat gtc 3072
Ala Gly Met Ser Ala Ala Gly Leu Tyr Asp Ser Ile Pro Asn Val
1010 1015 1020
agt ctc atg gac cca tgt gcc ttt gga gct gcg gtt ggg aag gtt 3117
Ser Leu Met Asp Pro Cys Ala Phe Gly Ala Ala Val Gly Lys Val
1025 1030 1035
tgg gct tct tta tac aca agg aga gcc atc cta agc cgt cga gcc 3162
Trp Ala Ser Leu Tyr Thr Arg Arg Ala Ile Leu Ser Arg Arg Ala
1040 1045 1050
gct ggt gtt tat cag aga gac gcg aca atg gct gtt ctt gtc caa 3207
Ala Gly Val Tyr Gln Arg Asp Ala Thr Met Ala Val Leu Val Gln
1055 1060 1065
gaa ata ctg cag cca gat ctc tcc ttc gtg ctt cat act gtt tgc 3252
Glu Ile Leu Gln Pro Asp Leu Ser Phe Val Leu His Thr Val Cys
1070 1075 1080
ccc gct gac cat gac ccc aag gtt gtc cag gct gag gtc gcc cct 3297
Pro Ala Asp His Asp Pro Lys Val Val Gln Ala Glu Val Ala Pro
1085 1090 1095
ggg ctg ggt gaa acg ctt gct tca gga acc cgt ggc acc ccg tgg 3342
Gly Leu Gly Glu Thr Leu Ala Ser Gly Thr Arg Gly Thr Pro Trp
1100 1105 1110
agg ctg tca tgt aac aaa ttc gat gga aaa gtt gcc act ctt gcc 3387
Arg Leu Ser Cys Asn Lys Phe Asp Gly Lys Val Ala Thr Leu Ala
1115 1120 1125
ttt tca aat ttc agt gag gag atg gtg gtg cac aac tct ggt cct 3432
Phe Ser Asn Phe Ser Glu Glu Met Val Val His Asn Ser Gly Pro
1130 1135 1140
gcc aat gga gaa gta att cgt ctt act gtt gat tac agc aag aag 3477
Ala Asn Gly Glu Val Ile Arg Leu Thr Val Asp Tyr Ser Lys Lys
1145 1150 1155
cca ttg tcg gtt gat aca acc ttt agg aag cag ttt ggt cag cga 3522
Pro Leu Ser Val Asp Thr Thr Phe Arg Lys Gln Phe Gly Gln Arg
1160 1165 1170
ctg gct gcg att ggc cag tat ctg gag cag aag ttc ggg agt gca 3567
Leu Ala Ala Ile Gly Gln Tyr Leu Glu Gln Lys Phe Gly Ser Ala
1175 1180 1185
cag gat gtg gaa ggt tgc ctg gtt ggg aaa gat att ttt ata gtg 3612
Gln Asp Val Glu Gly Cys Leu Val Gly Lys Asp Ile Phe Ile Val
1190 1195 1200
caa agc agg cca cag cca tag aagccgaatt c 3644
Gln Ser Arg Pro Gln Pro
1205
<210>4
<211>1206
<212>PRT
＜213〉rice
<400>4
Met Thr Ser Leu Arg Pro Leu Glu Thr Ser Leu Ser Ile Gly Gly Arg
1 5 10 15
Pro Arg Arg Gly Leu Val Leu Pro Pro Pro Gly Val Gly Ala Gly Val
20 25 30
Leu Leu Arg Arg Gly Ala Met Ala Leu Pro Gly Arg Arg Gly Phe Ala
35 40 45
Cys Arg Gly Arg Ser Ala Ala Ser Ala Ala Glu Arg Thr Lys Glu Lys
50 55 60
Lys Arg Arg Asp Ser Ser Lys Gln Pro Leu Val His Leu Gln Val Cys
65 70 75 80
Leu Glu His Gln Val Lys Phe Gly Glu His Val Gly Ile Ile Gly Ser
85 90 95
Thr Lys Glu Leu Gly Ser Trp Glu Glu Gln Val Glu Leu Glu Trp Thr
100 105 110
Thr Asn Gly Trp Val Cys Gln Leu Lys Leu Pro Gly Glu Thr Leu Val
115 120 125
Glu Phe Lys Phe Val Ile Phe Leu Val Gly Gly Lys Asp Lys Ile Trp
130 135 140
Glu Asp Gly Asn Asn Arg Val Val Glu Leu Pro Lys Asp Gly Lys Phe
145 150 155 160
Asp Ile Val Cys His Trp Asn Arg Thr Glu Glu Pro Leu Glu Leu Leu
165 170 175
Gly Thr Pro Lys Phe Glu Leu Val Gly Glu Ala Glu Lys Asn Thr Gly
180 185 190
Glu Asp Ala Ser Ala Ser Val Thr Phe Ala Pro Glu Lys Val Gln Asp
195 200 205
Ile Ser Val Val Glu Asn Gly Asp Pro Ala Pro Glu Ala Glu Ser Ser
210 215 220
Lys Phe Gly Gly Gln Trp Gln Gly Ser Lys Thr Val Phe Met Arg Ser
225 230 235 240
Asn Glu His Leu Asn Lys Glu Ala Asp Arg Met Trp Asp Thr Thr Gly
245 250 255
Leu Asp Gly Ile Ala Leu Lys Leu Val Glu Gly Asp Lys Ala Ser Arg
260 265 270
Asn Trp Trp Arg Lys Leu Glu Val Val Arg Gly Ile Leu Ser Glu Ser
275 280 285
Phe Asp Asp Gln Ser Arg Leu Gly Ala Leu Val Tyr Ser Ala Ile Tyr
290 295 300
Leu Lys Trp Ile Tyr Thr Gly Gln Ile Ser Cys Phe Glu Asp Gly Gly
305 310 315 320
His His Arg Pro Asn Lys His Ala Glu Ile Ser Arg Gln Ile Phe Arg
325 330 335
Glu Leu Glu Met Met Tyr Tyr Gly Lys Thr Thr Ser Ala Lys Asp Val
340 345 350
Leu Val Ile Arg Lys Ile His Pro Phe Leu Pro Ser Phe Lys Ser Glu
355 360 365
Phe Thr Ala Ser Val Pro Leu Thr Arg Ile Arg Asp Ile Ala His Arg
370 375 380
Asn Asp Ile Pro His Asp Leu Lys Gln Glu Ile Lys His Thr Ile Gln
385 390 395 400
Asn Lys Leu His Arg Asn Ala Gly Pro Glu Asp Leu Ile Ala Thr Glu
405 410 415
Val Met Leu Ala Arg Ile Thr Lys Thr Pro Gly Glu Tyr Ser Glu Thr
420 425 430
Phe Val Glu Gln Phe Thr Ile Phe Tyr Ser Glu Leu Lys Asp Phe Phe
435 440 445
Asn Ala Gly Ser Leu Phe Glu Gln Leu Glu Ser Ile Lys Glu Ser Leu
450 455 460
Asn Glu Ser Gly Leu Glu Val Leu Ser Ser Phe Val Glu Thr Lys Arg
465 470 475 480
Ser Leu Asp Gln Val Asp His Ala Glu Asp Leu Asp Lys Asn Asp Thr
485 490 495
Ile Gln Ile Leu Met Thr Thr Leu Gln Ser Leu Ser Ser Leu Arg Ser
500 505 510
Val Leu Met Lys Gly Leu Glu Ser Gly Leu Arg Asn Asp Ala Pro Asp
515 520 525
Asn Ala Ile Ala Met Arg Gln Lys Trp Arg Leu Cys Glu Ile Ser Leu
530 535 540
Glu Asp Tyr Ser Phe Val Leu Leu Ser Arg Phe Ile Asn Thr Leu Glu
545 550 555 560
Ala Leu Gly Gly Ser Ala Ser Leu Ala Lys Asp Val Ala Arg Asn Thr
565 570 575
Thr Leu Trp Asp Thr Thr Leu Asp Ala Leu Val Ile Gly Ile Asn Gln
580 585 590
Val Ser Phe Ser Gly Trp Lys Thr Asp Glu Cys Ile Ala Ile Gly Asn
595 600 605
Glu Ile Leu Ser Trp Lys Gln Lys Gly Leu Ser Glu Ser Glu Gly Cys
610 615 620
Glu Asp Gly Lys Tyr Ile Trp Ser Leu Arg Leu Lys Ala Thr Leu Asp
625 630 635 640
Arg Ala Arg Arg Leu Thr Glu Glu Tyr Ser Glu Ala Leu Leu Ser Ile
645 650 655
Phe Pro Glu Lys Val Met Val Ile Gly Lys Ala Leu Gly Ile Pro Asp
660 665 670
Asn Ser Val Arg Thr Tyr Thr Glu Ala Glu Ile Arg Ala Gly Ile Val
675 680 685
Phe Gln Val Ser Lys Leu Cys Thr Val Leu Gln Lys Ala Ile Arg Glu
690 695 700
Val Leu Gly Ser Thr Gly Trp Asp Val Leu Val Pro Gly Val Ala His
705 710 715 720
Gly Thr Leu Met Arg Val Glu Arg Ile Leu Pro Gly Ser Leu Pro Ser
725 730 735
Ser Val Lys Glu Pro Val Val Leu Ile Val Asp Lys Ala Asp Gly Asp
740 745 750
Glu Glu Val Lys Ala Ala Gly Asp Asn Ile Val Gly Val Ile Leu Leu
755 760 765
Gln Glu Leu Pro His Leu Ser His Leu Gly Val Arg Ala Arg Gln Glu
770 775 780
Asn Val Val Phe Val Thr Cys Glu Tyr Asp Asp Thr Val Thr Asp Val
785 790 795 800
Tyr Leu Leu Glu Gly Lys Tyr Ile Arg Leu Glu Ala Ser Ser Ile Asn
805 810 815
Val Asn Leu Ser Ile Val Ser Glu Lys Asn Asp Asn Ala Val Ser Thr
820 825 830
Glu Pro Asn Ser Thr Gly Asn Pro Phe Gln Gln Lys Leu Gln Asn Glu
835 840 845
Phe Ser Leu Pro Ser Asp Ile Glu Met Pro Leu Gln Met Ser Lys Gln
850 855 860
Lys Ser Lys Ser Gly Val Asn Gly Ser Phe Ala Ala Leu Glu Leu Ser
865 870 875 880
Glu Ala Ser Val Glu Ser Ala Gly Ala Lys Ala Ala Ala Cys Arg Thr
885 890 895
Leu Ser Val Leu Ala Ser Leu Ser Asn Lys Val Tyr Ser Asp Gln Gly
900 905 910
Val Pro Ala Ala Phe Arg Val Pro Ser Gly Ala Val Ile Pro Phe Gly
915 920 925
Ser Met Glu Asp Ala Leu Lys Lys Ser Gly Ser Leu Glu Ser Phe Thr
930 935 940
Ser Leu Leu Glu Lys Ile Glu Thr Ala Lys Val Glu Asn Gly Glu Val
945 950 955 960
Asp Ser Leu Ala Leu Glu Leu Gln Ala Ile Ile Ser His Leu Ser Pro
965 970 975
Pro Glu Glu Thr Ile Ile Phe Leu Lys Arg Ile Phe Pro Gln Asp Val
980 985 990
Arg Leu Ile Val Arg Ser Ser Ala Asn Val Glu Asp Leu Ala Gly Met
995 1000 1005
Ser Ala Ala Gly Leu Tyr Asp Ser Ile Pro Asn Val Ser Leu Met
1010 1015 1020
Asp Pro Cys Ala Phe Gly Ala Ala Val Gly Lys Val Trp Ala Ser
1025 1030 1035
Leu Tyr Thr Arg Arg Ala Ile Leu Ser Arg Arg Ala Ala Gly Val
1040 1045 1050
Tyr Gln Arg Asp Ala Thr Met Ala Val Leu Val Gln Glu Ile Leu
1055 1060 1065
Gln Pro Asp Leu Ser Phe Val Leu His Thr Val Cys Pro Ala Asp
1070 1075 1080
His Asp Pro Lys Val Val Gln Ala Glu Val Ala Pro Gly Leu Gly
1085 1090 1095
Glu Thr Leu Ala Ser Gly Thr Arg Gly Thr Pro Trp Arg Leu Ser
1100 1105 1110
Cys Asn Lys Phe Asp Gly Lys Val Ala Thr Leu Ala Phe Ser Asn
1115 1120 1125
Phe Ser Glu Glu Met Val Val His Asn Ser Gly Pro Ala Asn Gly
1130 1135 1140
Glu Val Ile Arg Leu Thr Val Asp Tyr Ser Lys Lys Pro Leu Ser
1145 1150 1155
Val Asp Thr Thr Phe Arg Lys Gln Phe Gly Gln Arg Leu Ala Ala
1160 1165 1170
Ile Gly Gln Tyr Leu Glu Gln Lys Phe Gly Ser Ala Gln Asp Val
1175 1180 1185
Glu Gly Cys Leu Val Gly Lys Asp Ile Phe Ile Val Gln Ser Arg
1190 1195 1200
Pro Gln Pro
1205
<210>5
<211>12
<212>PRT
＜213〉rice, Arabidopis thaliana, dichromatism grain broomcorn millet (Sorghum bicolor)
<400>5
Leu Pro His Leu Ser His Leu Gly Val Arg Ala Arg
1 5 10
<210>6
<211>7
<212>PRT
＜213〉barley (Hordeum vulgare)
<400>6
Ser Arg Arg Val Ala Gly Val
1 5
<210>7
<211>7
<212>PRT
＜213〉barley
<400>7
Val Glu Ala Glu Val Ala Pro
1 5
<210>8
<211>9
<212>PRT
＜213〉barley
<400>8
His Thr Val Ser Pro Ser Asp His Asp
1 5
<210>9
<211>807
<212>DNA
＜213〉barley
<220>
<221>CDS
<222>(3)..(590)
<223>
<400>9
cg gca cga gga gtc ctc ccc aat gtg agc ctc tcg gac cca acc aac 47
Ala Arg Gly Val Leu Pro Asn Val Ser Leu Ser Asp Pro Thr Asn
1 5 10 15
ttc ggg tct gca gta gcg cgg gtc tgg gcc tcg ctg tac act cgg agg 95
Phe Gly Ser Ala Val Ala Arg Val Trp Ala Ser Leu Tyr Thr Arg Arg
20 25 30
gcc atc ctc agc cgc cgg gtg gct ggc gtg ccc cag agg gac gcc aag 143
Ala Ile Leu Ser Arg Arg Val Ala Gly Val Pro Gln Arg Asp Ala Lys
35 40 45
atg gct gtc ctg gtg cag gag atg ctg gag cca gag cta tcc ttc gtg 191
Met Ala Val Leu Val Gln Glu Met Leu Glu Pro Glu Leu Ser Phe Val
50 55 60
ctc cac acg gtc agc ccc tcg gac cac gac acc agg gtc gtc gag gct 239
Leu His Thr Val Ser Pro Ser Asp His Asp Thr Arg Val Val Glu Ala
65 70 75
gag gtt gcc ccg ggg ctg ggc gag acc ctt gcc gct ggc acc cgc ggc 287
Glu Val Ala Pro Gly Leu Gly Glu Thr Leu Ala Ala Gly Thr Arg Gly
80 85 90 95
acc ccg tgg cgt ctc tcc tgc gac aag ttc gac acc gac gtc gcc acc 335
Thr Pro Trp Arg Leu Ser Cys Asp Lys Phe Asp Thr Asp Val Ala Thr
100 105 110
ctg gcc ttc gcc aac ttc agt gag gag atg cgg gtg ctc ggc tcg ggc 383
Leu Ala Phe Ala Asn Phe Ser Glu Glu Met Arg Val Leu Gly Ser Gly
115 120 125
ccc gcc gac ggc gag gtg gtg agg ctc act gtc gac tac agc acg aag 431
Pro Ala Asp Gly Glu Val Val Arg Leu Thr Val Asp Tyr Ser Thr Lys
130 135 140
ctg ctc tcc gtc gac agg acc ttc agg cag aag ttc ggt cag cgg ctg 479
Leu Leu Ser Val Asp Arg Thr Phe Arg Gln Lys Phe Gly Gln Arg Leu
145 150 155
gcc gcc gtg ggg cag tac ctg gag cag agg ttc ggg agc gcc cag gac 527
Ala Ala Val Gly Gln Tyr Leu Glu Gln Arg Phe Gly Ser Ala Gln Asp
160 165 170 175
gtg gag ggc tgc atg gtc tgg gaa gac atc tac ata gtg cag agc atg 575
Val Glu Gly Cys Met Val Trp Glu Asp Ile Tyr Ile Val Gln Ser Met
180 185 190
cca caa ccg ctg tag agtcatccgt aataatgttt agatgagcaa agttttggtt 630
Pro Gln Pro Leu
195
ggtgaaataa aatttgccga aaatcccatg gcaaaataag tcaggtatga agagcccgcc 690
tgcgaaacca actgattcta aataatgttt tgaattcgtg tttaaattat gggacgtgaa 750
caatgatttc cttggaatgc atgcattgta agttttaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaa 807
<210>10
<211>195
<212>PRT
＜213〉barley
<400>10
Ala Arg Gly Val Leu Pro Asn Val Ser Leu Ser Asp Pro Thr Asn Phe
1 5 10 15
Gly Ser Ala Val Ala Arg Val Trp Ala Ser Leu Tyr Thr Arg Arg Ala
20 25 30
Ile Leu Ser Arg Arg Val Ala Gly Val Pro Gln Arg Asp Ala Lys Met
35 40 45
Ala Val Leu Val Gln Glu Met Leu Glu Pro Glu Leu Ser Phe Val Leu
50 55 60
His Thr Val Ser Pro Ser Asp His Asp Thr Arg Val Val Glu Ala Glu
65 70 75 80
Val Ala Pro Gly Leu Gly Glu Thr Leu Ala Ala Gly Thr Arg Gly Thr
85 90 95
Pro Trp Arg Leu Ser Cys Asp Lys Phe Asp Thr Asp Val Ala Thr Leu
100 105 110
Ala Phe Ala Asn Phe Ser Glu Glu Met Arg Val Leu Gly Ser Gly Pro
115 120 125
Ala Asp Gly Glu Val Val Arg Leu Thr Val Asp Tyr Ser Thr Lys Leu
130 135 140
Leu Ser Val Asp Arg Thr Phe Arg Gln Lys Phe Gly Gln Arg Leu Ala
145 150 155 160
Ala Val Gly Gln Tyr Leu Glu Gln Arg Phe Gly Ser Ala Gln Asp Val
165 170 175
Glu Gly Cys Met Val Trp Glu Asp Ile Tyr Ile Val Gln Ser Met Pro
180 185 190
Gln Pro Leu
195
<210>11
<211>9
<212>PRT
＜213〉potato (Solanum tuberosum)
<400>11
Pro Glu Glu Cys Lys Ala Val Gly Asn
1 5
<210>12
<211>7
<212>PRT
＜213〉potato
<400>12
Thr Glu Glu Tyr Ser Glu Thr
1 5
<210>13
<211>7
<212>PRT
＜213〉potato
<400>13
Arg Phe Val Asn Ala Val Glu
1 5
<210>14
<211>7
<212>PRT
＜213〉potato
<400>14
Glu Gly Ser Glu Asp Gly Lys
1 5
<210>15
<211>403
<212>DNA
＜213〉potato
<220>
<221>CDS
<222>(1)..(402)
<223>
<400>15
gcg gat gct tea ata gct atg cgt cag aag tgg cgt ctc tgc gaa atc 48
Ala Asp Ala Ser Ile Ala Met Arg Gln Lys Trp Arg Leu Cys Glu Ile
1 5 10 15
ggg ctt gaa gac tat gca ttt gtt ctt ttg agc agg ttt gtg aat gca 96
Gly Leu Glu Asp Tyr Ala Phe Val Leu Leu Ser Arg Phe Val Asn Ala
20 25 30
gtt gaa gct cta ggc gga gct gat tgg ctt gca gag aat gta aca gtg 144
Val Glu Ala Leu Gly Gly Ala Asp Trp Leu Ala Glu Asn Val Thr Val
35 40 45
aaa aac att agt tct tgg aat gat cca att gga gca ctt aca gtt gga 192
Lys Asn Ile Ser Ser Trp Asn Asp Pro Ile Gly Ala Leu Thr Val Gly
50 55 60
atc caa cag cta ggt ata tct ggt tgg aag ccc gag gaa tgc aaa gct 240
Ile Gln Gln Leu Gly Ile Ser Gly Trp Lys Pro Glu Glu Cys Lys Ala
65 70 75 80
gtt gga aat gaa ctt ttg tca tgg aaa gaa agg ggt att tca gaa att 288
Val Gly Asn Glu Leu Leu Ser Trp Lys Glu Arg Gly Ile Ser Glu Ile
85 90 95
gaa ggc agc gaa gat ggt aag act ata tgg gca tta aga cta aaa gcg 336
Glu Gly Ser Glu Asp Gly Lys Thr Ile Trp Ala Leu Arg Leu Lys Ala
100 105 110
act ctt gat aga agt cga agg tta act gag gag tat tcc gag aca ctt 384
Thr Leu Asp Arg Ser Arg Arg Leu Thr Glu Glu Tyr Ser Glu Thr Leu
115 120 125
ctc caa ata ttc cct gaa a 403
Leu Gln Ile Phe Pro Glu
130
<210>16
<211>134
<212>PRT
＜213〉potato
<400>16
Ala Asp Ala Ser Ile Ala Met Arg Gln Lys Trp Arg Leu Cys Glu Ile
1 5 10 15
Gly Leu Glu Asp Tyr Ala Phe Val Leu Leu Ser Arg Phe Val Asn Ala
20 25 30
Val Glu Ala Leu Gly Gly Ala Asp Trp Leu Ala Glu Asn Val Thr Val
35 40 45
Lys Asn Ile Ser Ser Trp Asn Asp Pro Ile Gly Ala Leu Thr Val Gly
50 55 60
Ile Gln Gln Leu Gly Ile Ser Gly Trp Lys Pro Glu Glu Cys Lys Ala
65 70 75 80
Val Gly Asn Glu Leu Leu Ser Trp Lys Glu Arg Gly Ile Ser Glu Ile
85 90 95
Glu Gly Ser Glu Asp Gly Lys Thr Ile Trp Ala Leu Arg Leu Lys Ala
100 105 110
Thr Leu Asp Arg Ser Arg Arg Leu Thr Glu Glu Tyr Ser Glu Thr Leu
115 120 125
Leu Gln Ile Phe Pro Glu
130
<210>17
<211>7
<212>PRT
＜213〉dichromatism grain broomcorn millet
<400>17
Asp Gly Gly His His Arg Pro
1 5
<210>18
<211>8
<212>PRT
＜213〉dichromatism grain broomcorn millet
<400>18
Asp Ala Pro Asp Ser Ala Ile Ala
1 5
<210>19
<211>9
<212>PRT
＜213〉dichromatism grain broomcorn millet
<400>19
Ile Pro Glu Asn Ser Val Arg Thr Tyr
1 5
<210>20
<211>6
<212>PRT
＜213〉dichromatism grain broomcorn millet
<400>20
Val Asn Lys Ala Asp Gly
1 5
<210>21
<211>1526
<212>DNA
＜213〉dichromatism grain broomcorn millet
<220>
<221>CDS
<222>(2)..(1525)
<223>
<400>21
g cac gag gct gaa tat gtt cat gat cag agt cac ctg gag gct ctt aca 49
His Glu Ala Glu Tyr Val His Asp Gln Ser His Leu Glu Ala Leu Thr
1 5 10 15
tat tct gca ata tat cta aag tgg ata tat act ggt caa ata cca tgc 97
Tyr Ser Ala Ile Tyr Leu Lys Trp Ile Tyr Thr Gly Gln Ile Pro Cys
20 25 30
ttt gag gat ggt ggt cac cat cga ccc aat aaa cat gct gag ata tcc 145
Phe Glu Asp Gly Gly His His Arg Pro Asn Lys His Ala Glu Ile Ser
35 40 45
agg caa att ttt cgt gaa att gaa agg ata tac tat ggg gaa aac aca 193
Arg Gln Ile Phe Arg Glu Ile Glu Arg Ile Tyr Tyr Gly Glu Asn Thr
50 55 60
tca gct cag gat ttg ctt gtg ata cgc aag att cat cct tgt cta cct 241
Ser Ala Gln Asp Leu Leu Val Ile Arg Lys Ile His Pro Cys Leu Pro
65 70 75 80
tca ttt aaa tca gaa ttt act gcc tct gtt cct cta aca cga att cgt 289
Ser Phe Lys Ser Glu Phe Thr Ala Ser Val Pro Leu Thr Arg Ile Arg
85 90 95
gat att gct cat cgt aat gac ata cca cat gat ctc aag caa gaa atc 337
Asp Ile Ala His Arg Asn Asp Ile Pro His Asp Leu Lys Gln Glu Ile
100 105 110
aag cat act ata caa aac aag ctt cac cgg aat gcc ggc cct gag gat 385
Lys His Thr Ile Gln Asn Lys Leu His Arg Asn Ala Gly Pro Glu Asp
115 120 125
ctt att gct act gaa gcc atg ctt gct agg att act aag act cct gga 433
Leu Ile Ala Thr Glu Ala Met Leu Ala Arg Ile Thr Lys Thr Pro Gly
130 135 140
gag tac agt gaa gct ttt gtt gaa caa ttc aag acg ttt tat agt gaa 481
Glu Tyr Ser Glu Ala Phe Val Glu Gln Phe Lys Thr Phe Tyr Ser Glu
145 150 155 160
tta aaa gat ttc ttc aat gct ggc agc cta ctg gag caa gtg caa tcc 529
Leu Lys Asp Phe Phe Asn Ala Gly Ser Leu Leu Glu Gln Val Gln Ser
165 170 175
atc gag caa tct ttg gat gag tct ggc tta gaa gct ctc tca tcc ttt 577
Ile Glu Gln Ser Leu Asp Glu Ser Gly Leu Glu Ala Leu Ser Ser Phe
180 185 190
ctg aaa acc aaa aag aat tta gac caa ctg gaa gat gca aaa gat ttg 625
Leu Lys Thr Lys Lys Asn Leu Asp Gln Leu Glu Asp Ala Lys Asp Leu
195 200 205
gat gaa aat ggt ggc gtt caa gtt ttg ttg aaa gcc ttg ctg tcg tta 673
Asp Glu Asn Gly Gly Val Gln Val Leu Leu Lys Ala Leu Leu Ser Leu
210 215 220
tct tat cta aga tca att cta atg aag ggt ctg gaa agt ggc ctt aga 721
Ser Tyr Leu Arg Ser Ile Leu Met Lys Gly Leu Glu Ser Gly Leu Arg
225 230 235 240
aat gat gct cca gat agt gct att gca atg cga caa aag tgg cgt ctt 769
Asn Asp Ala Pro Asp Ser Ala Ile Ala Met Arg Gln Lys Trp Arg Leu
245 250 255
tgt gag atc ggg ctt gaa gat tat tcg ttt gta ttg tta agt aga tac 817
Cys Glu Ile Gly Leu Glu Asp Tyr Ser Phe Val Leu Leu Ser Arg Tyr
260 265 270
atc aat gct ctt gaa gct ttg ggt gga tca gct tca ctt gca gag ggt 865
Ile Asn Ala Leu Glu Ala Leu Gly Gly Ser Ala Ser Leu Ala Glu Gly
275 280 285
ctt cct aca aat aca agt cta tgg gat gat gcc ctt gat gcc ctt gtc 913
Leu Pro Thr Asn Thr Ser Leu Trp Asp Asp Ala Leu Asp Ala Leu Val
290 295 300
att ggc ata aat caa gtt agc ttt tca gga tgg aaa cca aat gag tgt 96l
Ile Gly Ile Asn Gln Val Ser Phe Ser Gly Trp Lys Pro Asn Glu Cys
305 310 315 320
act gca ata gtg aat gag ctt ctt tct tgg aag cag aaa ggt cta tct 1009
Thr Ala Ile Val Asn Glu Leu Leu Ser Trp Lys Gln Lys Gly Leu Ser
325 330 335
gaa ttt gaa ggc agt gag gat gga aag tat att tgg gca ctg aga ctc 1057
Glu Phe Glu Gly Ser Glu Asp Gly Lys Tyr Ile Trp Ala Leu Arg Leu
340 345 350
aaa gcc act ctt gat aga tca cga aga cta aca gaa gaa tac tct gaa 1105
Lys Ala Thr Leu Asp Arg Ser Arg Arg Leu Thr Glu Glu Tyr Ser Glu
355 360 365
gca ctt ctt tct ata ttt cct gaa aaa gtc aag gtt ctt ggg aaa gcc 1153
Ala Leu Leu Ser Ile Phe Pro Glu Lys Val Lys Val Leu Gly Lys Ala
370 375 380
ctt gga ata cca gag aac agt gtg aga aca tac act gaa gct gaa att 1201
Leu Gly Ile Pro Glu Asn Ser Val Arg Thr Tyr Thr Glu Ala Glu Ile
385 390 395 400
cgt gct ggt gtt att ttt cac gtc tcg aaa ctt tgc act gta ctt tta 1249
Arg Ala Gly Val Ile Phe His Val Ser Lys Leu Cys Thr Val Leu Leu
405 410 415
aaa gca act cga gca gtt ctt gga tcg tct gtg tgg gat gtt ctt gtt 1297
Lys Ala Thr Arg Ala Val Leu Gly Ser Ser Val Trp Asp Val Leu Val
420 425 430
cct gga gtg gcc cat gga gcc ttg ata cag gtt gaa aga ata gct cct 1345
Pro Gly Val Ala His Gly Ala Leu Ile Gln Val Glu Arg Ile Ala Pro
435 440 445
gga tca ttg cca tca tcc atc aaa gaa cct gtc gtg cta gtt gta aac 1393
Gly Sel Leu Pro Ser Ser Ile Lys Glu Pro Val Val Leu Val Val Asn
450 455 460
aag gct gat gga gat gaa gag gtc aaa gct gct ggg gat aac ata gtg 1441
Lys Ala Asp Gly Asp Glu Glu Val Lys Ala Ala Gly Asp Asn Ile Val
465 470 475 480
ggt gtt att ctt cta caa gaa tta cct cac cta tca cat ctt ggt gtt 1489
Gly Val Ile Leu Leu Gln Glu Leu Pro His Leu Ser His Leu Gly Val
485 490 495
aga gct cgt caa gag aaa gtt gta ttt gta act tgc g 1526
Arg Ala Arg Gln Glu Lys Val Val Phe Val Thr Cys
500 505
<210>22
<211>508
<212>PRT
＜213〉dichromatism grain broomcorn millet
<400>22
His Glu Ala Glu Tyr Val His Asp Gln Ser His Leu Glu Ala Leu Thr
1 5 10 15
Tyr Ser Ala Ile Tyr Leu Lys Trp Ile Tyr Thr Gly Gln Ile Pro Cys
20 25 30
Phe Glu Asp Gly Gly His His Arg Pro Asn Lys His Ala Glu Ile Ser
35 40 45
Arg Gln Ile Phe Arg Glu Ile Glu Arg Ile Tyr Tyr Gly Glu Asn Thr
50 55 60
Ser Ala Gln Asp Leu Leu Val Ile Arg Lys Ile His Pro Cys Leu Pro
65 70 75 80
Ser Phe Lys Ser Glu Phe Thr Ala Ser Val Pro Leu Thr Arg Ile Arg
85 90 95
Asp Ile Ala His Arg Asn Asp Ile Pro His Asp Leu Lys Gln Glu Ile
100 105 110
Lys His Thr Ile Gln Asn Lys Leu His Arg Asn Ala Gly Pro Glu Asp
115 120 125
Leu Ile Ala Thr Glu Ala Met Leu Ala Arg Ile Thr Lys Thr Pro Gly
130 135 140
Glu Tyr Ser Glu Ala Phe Val Glu Gln Phe Lys Thr Phe Tyr Ser Glu
145 150 155 160
Leu Lys Asp Phe Phe Asn Ala Gly Ser Leu Leu Glu Gln Val Gln Ser
165 170 175
Ile Glu Gln Ser Leu Asp Glu Ser Gly Leu Glu Ala Leu Ser Ser Phe
180 185 190
Leu Lys Thr Lys Lys Asn Leu Asp Gln Leu Glu Asp Ala Lys Asp Leu
195 200 205
Asp Glu Asn Gly Gly Val Gln Val Leu Leu Lys Ala Leu Leu Ser Leu
210 215 220
Ser Tyr Leu Arg Ser Ile Leu Met Lys Gly Leu Glu Ser Gly Leu Arg
225 230 235 240
Asn Asp Ala Pro Asp Ser Ala Ile Ala Met Arg Gln Lys Trp Arg Leu
245 250 255
Cys Glu Ile Gly Leu Glu Asp Tyr Ser Phe Val Leu Leu Ser Arg Tyr
260 265 270
Ile Asn Ala Leu Glu Ala Leu Gly Gly Ser Ala Ser Leu Ala Glu Gly
275 280 285
Leu Pro Thr Asn Thr Ser Leu Trp Asp Asp Ala Leu Asp Ala Leu Val
290 295 300
Ile Gly Ile Asn Gln Val Ser Phe Ser Gly Trp Lys Pro Asn Glu Cys
305 310 315 320
Thr Ala Ile Val Asn Glu Leu Leu Ser Trp Lys Gln Lys Gly Leu Ser
325 330 335
Glu Phe Glu Gly Ser Glu Asp Gly Lys Tyr Ile Trp Ala Leu Arg Leu
340 345 350
Lys Ala Thr Leu Asp Arg Ser Arg Arg Leu Thr Glu Glu Tyr Ser Glu
355 360 365
Ala Leu Leu Ser Ile Phe Pro Glu Lys Val Lys Val Leu Gly Lys Ala
370 375 380
Leu Gly Ile Pro Glu Asn Ser Val Arg Thr Tyr Thr Glu Ala Glu Ile
385 390 395 400
Arg Ala Gly Val Ile Phe His Val Ser Lys Leu Cys Thr Val Leu Leu
405 410 415
Lys Ala Thr Arg Ala Val Leu Gly Ser Ser Val Trp Asp Val Leu Val
420 425 430
Pro Gly Val Ala His Gly Ala Leu Ile Gln Val Glu Arg Ile Ala Pro
435 440 445
Gly Ser Leu Pro Ser Ser Ile Lys Glu Pro Val Val Leu Val Val Asn
450 455 460
Lys Ala Asp Gly Asp Glu Glu Val Lys Ala Ala Gly Asp Asn Ile Val
465 470 475 480
Gly Val Ile Leu Leu Gln Glu Leu Pro His Leu Ser His Leu Gly Val
485 490 495
Arg Ala Arg Gln Glu Lys Val Val Phe Val Thr Cys
500 505
<210>23
<211>8
<212>PRT
＜213〉common wheat (Triticum aestivum)
<400>23
Arg Asn Asp Ala Thr Asp Ala Gly
1 5
<210>24
<211>8
<212>PRT
＜213〉common wheat
<400>24
Gly Asn Thr Ser Val Trp Asp Asp
1 5
<210>25
<211>509
<212>DNA
＜213〉common wheat
<220>
<221>CDS
<222>(1)..(507)
<223>
<400>25
aat ggc gct ttt gtc gaa caa ttt caa ata ttt tat agc gaa cta aaa 48
Asn Gly Ala Phe Val Glu Gln Phe Gln Ile Phe Tyr Ser Glu Leu Lys
1 5 10 15
gac ttc ttt aat gcc ggc agc ctg ttt gaa caa ctg gaa tcc atc aag 96
Asp Phe Phe Asn Ala Gly Ser Leu Phe Gku Gln Leu Glu Ser Ile Lys
20 25 30
gaa tct ttg aat gat tct ggc tta gaa gca ctg tca tca ttt gtc aaa 144
Glu Ser Leu Asn Asp Ser Gly Leu Glu Ala Leu Ser Ser Phe Val Lys
35 40 45
acc aaa cag agt ttg gac caa gtg gat gct gcg aac att caa gtt gtg 192
Thr Lys Gln Ser Leu Asp Gln Val Asp Ala Ala Asn Ile Gln Val Val
50 55 60
atg aag acc ttg cag tca ttg tct tca ttg aga tca gtt cta atg aag 240
Met Lys Thr Leu Gln Ser Leu Ser Ser Leu Arg Ser Val Leu Met Lys
65 70 75 80
ggc ctt gaa agt ggc ctt aga aat gat gcg act gat gcc ggt ata gca 288
Gly Leu Glu Ser Gly Leu Arg Asn Asp Ala Thr Asp Ala Gly Ile Ala
85 90 95
atg cga caa aag tgg cgc ctt tgt gag att ggt ctt gag gat tat tct 336
Met Arg Gln Lys Trp Arg Leu Cys Glu Ile Gly Leu Glu Asp Tyr Ser
100 105 110
ttt gtt ttg tta agc aga tat atc aat ggt ctt gaa gct tca ggt gga 384
Phe Val Leu Leu Ser Arg Tyr Ile Asn Gly Leu Glu Ala Ser Gly Gly
115 120 125
tca gct tca ctt gca caa tgt gtg gct gga aat aca agt gta tgg gac 432
Ser Ala Ser Leu Ala Gln Cys Val Ala Gly Asn Thr Ser Val Trp Asp
130 135 140
gat acc ctt gat gcc ctt att att ggc gtc aat caa gtt agc ttt tca 480
Asp Thr Leu Asp Ala Leu Ile Ile Gly Val Asn Gln Val Ser Phe Ser
145 150 155 160
ggt tgg aag cca gag gaa tgc att gct at 509
Gly Trp Lys Pro Glu Glu Cys Ile Ala
165
<210>26
<211>169
<212>PRT
＜213〉common wheat
<400>26
Asn Gly Ala Phe Val Glu Gln Phe Gln Ile Phe Tyr Ser Glu Leu Lys
1 5 10 15
Asp Phe Phe Asn Ala Gly Ser Leu Phe Glu Gln Leu Glu Ser Ile Lys
20 25 30
Glu Ser Leu Asn Asp Ser Gly Leu Glu Ala Leu Ser Ser Phe Val Lys
35 40 45
Thr Lys Gln Ser Leu Asp Gln Val Asp Ala Ala Asn Ile Gln Val Val
50 55 60
Met Lys Thr Leu Gln Ser Leu Ser Ser Leu Arg Ser Val Leu Met Lys
65 70 75 80
Gly Leu Glu Ser Gly Leu Arg Asn Asp Ala Thr Asp Ala Gly Ile Ala
85 90 95
Met Arg Gln Lys Trp Arg Leu Cys Glu Ile Gly Leu Glu Asp Tyr Ser
100 105 110
Phe Val Leu Leu Ser Arg Tyr Ile Asn Gly Leu Glu Ala Ser Gly Gly
115 120 125
Ser Ala Ser Leu Ala Gln Cys Val Ala Gly Asn Thr Ser Val Trp Asp
130 135 140
Asp Thr Leu Asp Ala Leu Ile Ile Gly Val Asn Gln Val Ser Phe Ser
145 150 155 160
Gly Trp Lys Pro Glu Glu Cys Ile Ala
165

Claims (18)

1. an evaluation is to phosphorylation α-1, the 4-dextran in conjunction with specific activity to non-phosphorylating α-1, the method for protein in conjunction with increased activity of 4-dextran, wherein
A) in prepared product separated from one another with protein extract and following material incubation:
I phosphorylation α-1, the 4-dextran and
Ii non-phosphorylating α-1, the 4-dextran,
B) specific combination in
Phosphorylation α-1 among the i step a) i, the protein of 4-dextran and
The non-phosphorylating α-1 of ii specific combination in step a) ii, the protein of 4-dextran is dissolved in the prepared product separated from one another, and
C) used phosphorylation α-1 in the identification of protein, itself and step b) i, the 4-dextran in conjunction with used non-phosphorylating α-1 among specific activity itself and the step b) ii, the 4-dextran in conjunction with increased activity.
2. an evaluation has α-1, and the 4-glucosan phosphorylase is urged active and need be with phosphorylation α-1, and the 4-dextran is as the method for protein of substrate, wherein
A) protein extract and phosphorylation α-1,4-dextran incubation,
B) the phosphorylation α-1 of dissolving specific combination in step a), the protein of 4-dextran,
C) in prepared product separated from one another, the protein that obtains according to step b) respectively with following material incubation:
I ATP and phosphorylation α-1, the 4-dextran and
Ii ATP and non-phosphorylating α-1, the 4-dextran,
D) check the corresponding α-1 that obtains behind the incubation among step c) i or the step c) ii, other that introduce in the 4-dextran are phosphate-based, and
E) identification of protein, it is according to c) in the incubation prepared product of i to α-1, introduced in the 4-dextran a large amount of phosphate-based, and according to c) in the incubation prepared product of ii not to α-1, introduce phosphate-based in a large number in the 4-dextran.
3. method according to claim 2, wherein said have a α-1, the short active protein of 4-glucosan phosphorylase with phosphorylated starch as substrate.
4. method according to claim 3, wherein said have a α-1, and the short active protein of 4-glucosan phosphorylase is from plant.
5. protein that obtains according to each method in the claim 1 to 4.
6. an evaluation has α-1, the method for the short active proteinic coding nucleic acid molecule of 4-glucosan phosphorylase, wherein
A) use according to each method identification of protein in the claim 1 to 4,
B) definite proteinic encoding amino acid sequence of identifying according to step a), and
C) use the amino acid of determining according to step b) to identify nucleic acid molecule.
7. method according to claim 6 wherein prepares the nucleic acid oligonucleotides based on the aminoacid sequence of determining according to step b), to identify the described nucleic acid molecule according to step c).
8. an evaluation has α-1, the method for the short active proteinic coding nucleic acid molecule of 4-glucosan phosphorylase, wherein
A) use according to each method identification of protein in the claim 1 to 4,
B) preparation and the antibody that reacts according to the protein specific of step a) evaluation, and
C) use the antibody for preparing according to step b) to identify nucleic acid molecule.
9. nucleic acid molecule that obtains according to each method in the claim 6,7 or 8.
10. genetically modified vegetable cell, it is characterized in that comparing with not genetically modified corresponding wild-type plant cell, it strengthens according to the protein of claim 5 or the proteinic enzymatic activity that obtains according to each method in the claim 1 to 4.
11. genetically modified vegetable cell according to claim 10, wherein said plant are corn, rice, wheat, rye, oat, barley, cassava, potato, sweet potato, sago, mung bean, banana, pea, Arabidopis thaliana, turmeric or Chinese sorghum plant.
12. a genetically modified plant is characterized in that described genetic modification at least aly forms according to the exogenous nucleic acid molecule of claim 9 or according to the exogenous nucleic acid molecule that each method in the claim 6,7 or 8 obtains by introducing in described Plant Genome.
13. genetically modified vegetable cell according to claim 12, the starch of its synthetic modification for the starch of corresponding wild-type plant cell.
14. genetically modified vegetable cell according to claim 13 is compared with the starch of corresponding wild-type plant, its synthetic treated starch has the starch phosphate ester content of increase and/or the phosphoric acid ester of change distributes.
15. vegetable cell according to claim 14 is wherein compared with the starch of corresponding wild-type plant cell, described treated starch is characterised in that the phosphate ester content that is covalently attached to glucose molecule C-3 site in the starch increases.
16. plant that contains each genetically modified vegetable cell in the with good grounds claim 10 to 15.
17. plant according to claim 16, it is corn, rice, wheat, rye, oat, barley, cassava, potato, sago, mung bean, pea or Chinese sorghum plant.
18. plant according to claim 17, it is corn or wheat plant.
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