CN1917203B - 具有线路元件的功率半导体模块 - Google Patents

具有线路元件的功率半导体模块 Download PDF

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CN1917203B
CN1917203B CN200610111088XA CN200610111088A CN1917203B CN 1917203 B CN1917203 B CN 1917203B CN 200610111088X A CN200610111088X A CN 200610111088XA CN 200610111088 A CN200610111088 A CN 200610111088A CN 1917203 B CN1917203 B CN 1917203B
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T·施托克迈尔
F·艾伯斯伯格
J·斯特格
M·莱德雷尔
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Abstract

本发明描述一种功率半导体模块,包括外壳、负载接线元件和多个设置在外壳内部的同样的基片。这些基片具有不同极性的金属连接导线以及在其上面设置的功率半导体元件。在基片上方并与其间隔距离地设置至少一个线路元件,该线路元件连接一个负载接线元件和至少一个与该接线装置不直接相邻的同极基片的一连接导线,其中在多个此类线路元件上,这些线路元件彼此紧密相邻地设置。可选择地,在按列设置的同样的基片和在其上面沿列纵轴线设置的连接导线上,正极和负极的连接导线在相互接连的基片上交替地设置,并且至少两个线路元件分别连接基片同极的连接导线。

Description

具有线路元件的功率半导体模块
技术领域
本发明涉及一种功率半导体模块,其包括一个优选地具有一个用于安装在散热器上的外壳和至少一个在其中设置的电绝缘的基片。该基片本身由一绝缘材料体组成,该绝缘材料体具有多个位于其上面的相互绝缘的金属连接导线和位于其上面的与这些连接导线根据电路相连的功率半导体元件。此外,该功率半导体模块还具有用于外部的负载和辅助接触的接线元件和用于在功率半导体模块内部连接的连接元件。
背景技术
本发明出发点的功率半导体模块例如由DE 103 16 356 A1和DE10333329A1已知。这些文献分别公开形式为具有第一和第二功率开关的半桥式电路装置的功率半导体模块。这些功率开关中的每一个被设计为一个大功率晶体管的并联电路,所述大功率晶体管分别具有一个配置的自振荡二极管。在此每个具有配置的自振荡二极管的第一和第二大功率晶体管设置在一个本身的基片上。所述基片同样地构成,即具有印制导线基本相同的走向。区别仅仅在于辅助连接导线,比如用于并未设置在每个基片上的传感器。
按照作为现有技术的文献,这种功率半导体模块的基片设计为绝缘的基片,该基片由一个作为基体材料的绝缘材料体组成,并且用于与底板或散热器的电绝缘。按照现有技术,所述绝缘材料体由一种工业陶瓷例如氧化铝或氮化铝组成。在这个绝缘材料体上,在其面向功率半导体模块内部的第一主平面上有多个彼此电绝缘的金属连接导线。在这些连接导线上设置功率半导体元件。
绝缘材料体通常在其背向功率半导体模块内部的第二主平面上也具有一个与第一主平面上的连接导线相同材料和相同厚度的金属层。但通常这个层本身不具有某种结构,因为它例如用于与底板焊接。连接导线以及第二主平面的金属层优选地由按照DCB(直接铜粘合)方式涂覆的铜组成,在此铜具有小于1mm的典型的厚度。
此外,按照现有技术,所述的功率半导体模块具有负载接线元件,在此所述的负载接线元件分别设置在外壳较短的外侧的区域内。用于两个直流接线装置和交流接线装置的负载接线元件是带状构成金属成形体。负载接线元件将外部的触点接通装置和与负载接线元件相邻的第一个基片上配置的连接导线轴连接。各个基片中相同极性的连接导线设计为借助各个连接元件相互接连。
现代化的功率半导体元件,特别是大功率晶体管,越来越具有单位面积的较高的载流能力。由此在一个功率半导体模块的现有的尺寸上,通过使用同样大小和具有更高载流能力的功率半导体元件,模块直接与功率开关的载流能力成比例的总功率能够得到提高。由于如上所述各个基片的相同极性的连接导线在功率半导体模块内部彼此连接,对于各个基片来说,电流已经流过与负载接线元件连接的那个基片。由此,对于此类功率半导体模块的效能来说,连接导线的载流能力证明是有限的大小。
此外,按照现有技术的功率半导体模块的缺点在于,由于尽可能地节省空间的整体布置,正负极的连接导线没有直接相邻地设置,而是在它们之间设置交流连接导线。这种布置在开关运行中伴随着有缺点的寄生电感。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,进一步开发一种具有多个同样的基片或者基片部分的功率半导体模块,其中,在基片现有的构造下提高功率,在保持不变的底面上提高通向各个基片的引线的载流能力和/或减弱功率半导体模块中的寄生电感。
按本发明该目的通过具有以下特征的功率半导体模块达到,即:所述功率半导体模块至少包括一个外壳、引向外部的负载接线元件、多个设置在外壳内部的电绝缘的同样构成的基片或基片部分,其中,所述基片或基片部分由一绝缘材料体组成,并且在面向功率半导体模块内部的第一主平面上有多个相互电绝缘的不同极性的金属连接导线,在这些连接导线上,各基片或基片部分设置至少一个通过连接元件与基片或基片部分按电路相连接的功率半导体元件,同样的基片或基片部分设置成列,由此连接导线沿列纵轴线设置,在基片或基片部分相互连接的情况下,正极和负极的连接导线交替地设置,至少两个线路元件分别使基片或基片部分同极的连接导线连接。
本发明的构思以一种优选地带有一个用于安装在一散热器上的底板的功率半导体模块为出发点。该功率半导体模块具有至少以下的元件:一个外壳,用于负载和辅助接线装置的接线元件,多个同样的基片或者基片部分,每个基片或基片部分分别具有连接导线和至少一个功率半导体元件。
用于负载接线装置的接线元件优选地分别在外壳较短的外侧区域内从外壳中引出,并且用于在外壳内部设置的功率开关的电连接装置。设计与底板或散热器电绝缘的基片或基片部分本身由绝缘材料体、优选地由工业陶瓷组成,在所述基片或基片部分上,在其背向底板或散热器的第一主平面上有多个彼此电绝缘的金属连接导线。在这些连接导线上设置功率半导体元件并根据电路相连。
在基片或基片部分上方并与其间隔距离设置至少一个线路元件,该线路元件与一个负载接线元件和至少一个与该接线装置不直接相邻的同极基片或基片部分的一连接导线相连。优选地设置多个此类的线路元件,优选地用于正负极的接线装置,在此线路元件彼此紧密相邻地设置。
在按列设置同样的基片或基片部分时和在其上面设置的、沿按列设置的纵轴线设置的连接导线上,优选的是,正负极的连接导线在相互接连的基片或基片部分上交替地设置,并且至少两个线路元件连接基片或基片部分同极的连接导线。
附图说明
本发明的构思借助于图1至7的实施例更详细地说明。
图1和2示出按照现有技术的功率半导体模块;
图3和4示出按本发明的功率半导体模块的第一种构造;
图5示出按本发明的功率半导体模块的第二种构造;
图6示出按本发明的功率半导体模块的第三种构造;
图7示出另一按本发明的功率半导体模块的三维视图。
具体实施方式
图1和图2示出如本发明的出发点的按现有技术的半桥式电路装置中的一功率半导体模块1。图1示出平面图,图2示出沿图1中A-A线的纵剖视图。功率半导体模块1具有一底板2,在其上面设置框形外壳3以及两个基片5。每个基片5由一绝缘材料体54以及设置在两个主平面上的金属迭片组成。面向底板2的金属迭片53设计为平的并且不具有某种结构。借助该迭片53和底板2之间的焊接使它们彼此固定。与此相对,面向功率半导体模块的迭片本身具有某种结构,并且由此构成基片5的连接导线52a/b/c。
在所述连接导线52a/c上设置功率半导体元件80。电的接线元件构成电力接线装置42和未明确示出的辅助接线装置。功率半导体元件80与连接导线52b/c根据电路的连接设计为粘接连接(Bondverbindung)46。
电力接线装置的接线元件42由金属成形体构成,该金属成形体在其一端上与直接相邻的基片5的配置的连接导线52a/b/c以焊接的方式对接相连,在其另一端具有一用于螺纹连接的空隙。
每个基片5分别具有一沿功率半导体模块1纵轴线延伸的、用于正负极电力接线装置的连接导线52a/b以及一导入交流电的连接导线52c,在此,该导线设置在两直流电连接导线52a/b之间的中心。有利地,这是为了在尽可能小的基面上设置尺寸尽可能大的功率半导体元件80。此外,用于控制和辅助接线装置的连接导线52设置在基片5上。在每个基片5上设置一分别具有反并联电路的自振荡二极管的第一和第二大功率晶体管。在多个基片5上反并联电路中的多个第一和第二大功率晶体管由此构成半桥式电路装置的两个功率开关。对此,电力接线装置的连接导线54借助焊接连接端44彼此导电连接。
图3和图4示出按本发明进一步开发的功率半导体模块1。在此,按照图1或2的直流连接导线的焊接连接端44被线路元件60替代。
所述线路元件60设置在基片5上方并与其间隔距离。此外,交流的连接导线52c的焊接连接端在此与现有技术相应,但可以同样被第三连接元件替代。
图3示出分别用于功率半导体模块1的两个直流接线装置各一个的两个线路元件60的走向,在此,线路元件60分别设计为类似于电力接线元件40、42的一金属成形件。线路元件60优选地与电力接线元件40以焊接方式相连。与基片5的连接导线52a/b的连接同样借助在连接点62的焊接完成。线路元件60承担第二和第三基片5的部分电流,以此减轻第一基片5上连接导线52a/b的导电负荷。这尤其在负极连接导线54上是有利的,因为该导线没有承载功率半导体元件80,与其它导引负载电流的连接导线相比,具有较小的横截面。两个线路元件80在其走向的主要部分中紧密相邻且平行地设置,由此功率半导体模块的寄生电感1明显减小。
在按照图4的截面图中示出,各个线路元件60与负载接线元件40以及基片5配置的连接导线52借助焊接相连。此外还示出在基片平面上方的走向。通过一线路元件60平行于基片5的走向,在此,基片和线路元件的各主平面也彼此平行延伸,本发明扩展结构的使用也可应用在结构高度小的功率半导体模块1中。
图5示出按本发明的功率半导体模块1的另一构造。在此,与图4相比,线路元件60与负载接线元件40以及基片5配置的连接导线52的连接不同。对于两个连接来说,除图4中示出的焊接方式之外,其它在这里示出的连接技术也是适合的。在此,特别优选的是粘接连接66和/或借助于弹簧元件64的压力触点接通的弹性连接。
在此类连接上,线路元件70的其它构造也是优选的。例如,DCB元件的构造在这里适合。与一绝缘材料体76和在其上面设置的线路导线72的此类连接与基片5的工艺相塑料布。在此,对于所有极性可设有相同横截面的印制导线72。在此类构造上,绝缘材料体76两侧也可以用于导电。这扩大用于导电的横截面面积,同时导致用于功率半导体模块1低电感构造的紧密相邻的导电装置。
图6示出按本发明的功率半导体模块1的第三种构造。示出的仍然是一半桥式电路装置,出于简明的原因,功率半导体元件在这里未示出。在由三个同样的基片5组成的该构造中,它们按列设置。在此,可以涉及到单个基片5或者如在此前的实施例中那样涉及所谓基片部分。同样的基片部分应当被理解为与单个基片类似,在此,连接导线的各个拓扑结构有规律地在一绝缘材料体54上重复,进而构成一在配电方面相同的拓扑结构,如它也可通过单个基片实现。
如图3所示,各个连接导线52a/b/c在这里沿按列设置的基片5的纵轴线定向。与图3相反,连接导线52a/b的位置在此却相对于纵轴线从基片交替变换到相邻基片。由此,在第一基片上,从上到下观察正极、交流、负极的顺序与第二基片相反。这种交替变换的布置为所有基片5保留。按本发明这里设置示意示出的分别连接基片5或基片部分同极的连接导线52a/b的线路元件70。在此,这些线路元件在其走向上在各个基片上触点之间必须相交。
此外,如上所述,线路元件70优选地与分别配置的负载接线元件40相连。此外,与作为金属成形体的构造不同,线路元件70的构造特别优选作为具有两侧印制导线72的绝缘材料体76。同样优选的是,连接元件作为一具有多个印制导线72的基片的构造特别简化各条电流电路的交叉,因为例如,各印制导线段借助敷镀通孔74穿过绝缘材料体76连接,从而构成印制导线72。
这里示出的实施方式在避免寄生电感方面特别有利,因为这里从基片5到基片5产生的磁场由于相反的场向至少部分地相互抵消。
图7示出由一个二极管80a和一个闸流晶体管80b的串联组成的整流器模块的三维视图,在此,负载接线元件40、42再次分别设置在外壳3较短的外侧区域内。这里,同样示出的还有具有一底板2和两个基片5的功率半导体模块1,在此,由于功率半导体元件80必要的大小和被限制的空间状况,这里正极向第二基片的供电不可能通过第一基片5的连接导线54。在此有利的是,负载接线元件5和从属极性的线路元件60设计为整体。线路元件60在基片上中心位置与配置的连接导线52触点接通,以便向功率半导体元件80b的供电通过一未示出的粘接连接在中间进行,从而功率半导体元件80b的整个面积被供电并由此达到功率半导体元件80b的最大载流能力。基片5的连接导线54之间的其它连接与按现有技术的焊接44相应。

Claims (8)

1.一种功率半导体模块(1),其至少包括一个外壳(3)、引向外部的负载接线元件(40)、多个设置在外壳(3)内部的电绝缘的同样构成的基片或基片部分(5),其中,所述基片或基片部分由一绝缘材料体(54)组成,并且在面向功率半导体模块内部的第一主平面上有多个相互电绝缘的不同极性的金属连接导线(52a/b/c),在这些连接导线上,各基片或基片部分设置至少一个功率半导体元件(80),所述功率半导体元件通过连接元件与基片或基片部分按电路相连接,其特征在于,同样的基片(5)或基片部分设置成列,由此连接导线(52a/b/c)沿列纵轴线设置,在此,在基片或基片部分相互连接的情况下,正极和负极的连接导线(52a/b)交替地设置,至少两个线路元件(60,70)分别使基片或基片部分同极的连接导线(52a/b/c)连接。
2.按权利要求1所述的功率半导体模块(1),其特征在于,线路元件(60,70)设计为一金属成形件(60)或一具有至少一个设置在其上面的印制导线(72)的绝缘材料体(76)。
3.按权利要求2所述的功率半导体模块(1),其特征在于,线路元件(70)设计为一绝缘材料体(76),该绝缘材料体(76)在其两侧上具有多个印制导线(72)或印制导线段,并且印制导线段按电路彼此相连并构成印制导线(72)。
4.按权利要求3所述的功率半导体模块(1),其特征在于,印制导线段的连接设计为穿过绝缘材料体(76)的敷镀通孔(74)。
5.按权利要求1或2所述的功率半导体模块(1),其特征在于,在基片的连接导线(52a/b/c)和配置的线路元件(60,70)之间的连接构成为焊接连接(62)或粘接连接(66)或借助压力加载的弹簧元件(64)构成。
6.按权利要求1或2所述的功率半导体模块(1),其特征在于,负载接线元件(40)和配置的线路元件(60,70)之间的连接构成为焊接连接(62)或粘接连接(66)或借助压力加载的弹簧元件(64)构成。
7.按权利要求1或2所述的功率半导体模块(1),其特征在于,线路元件(60,70)在中心位置与在基片(5)或基片部分上的配置的连接导线(52)触点接通。
8.按权利要求1或2所述的功率半导体模块(1),其特征在于,负载接线元件(40)和从属极性的线路元件(60)设计为整体。
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