CN1885660A - 大功率电机过电压保护装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种大功率电机过电压保护装置，它包括三个氧化锌避雷器，三个氧化锌避雷器的负极并联在一起，并与接地端子联接，三个氧化锌避雷器的正极分别与用于与三相电联接的接线端子联接，其特征是：还设置着三组电阻器与电容器串联的R－C阻容器，三个R－C阻容器的一端与接地端子联接，另一端分别与三个氧化锌避雷器的另一端联接；使用时，将接地端子接地，另三个接线端分别接真空开关与电动机或变压器的三根联接线。本大功率电机过电压保护装置可以有效地防止过电压，氧化锌避雷器不会频繁动作，大功率电动机与变压器的损坏率降低为2％，R－C阻容器与氧化锌避雷器相互配合，有效地保护电动机、变压器。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种大功率电机过电压保护装置。
背景技术
随着冶金工业的发展特别是钢铁企业的发展，空气压缩机与电炉的功率越来越大，相应的电动机与给电弧炉供电的变压器的容量越来越大，一般达6000kVA以上，空气压缩机的电动机工作频繁中断，给电弧炉供电的变压器一天中空载拉闸断电达18-36次，空气压缩机的电动机、给电弧炉供电的变压器与真空开关联接由真空开关供电，真空开关切断空载电流很容易产生载流过电压，长年积累，操作过程中电压影响了电动机、变压器的绝缘性，导致电动机、电弧炉变压器损坏，如申请人1987年共有6台电弧炉变压器，由于电压过电压电弧炉变压器损坏20台次，其中绕组与瓷瓶损坏11次，过电压损坏率达55％，由于电压过电压，变压器与电弧炉之间联接的电缆也多次发生爆炸，空气压缩机的电动机也由于电压过电压损坏8台。为了防止真空开关切断空载电流产生载流过电压，在三相真空开关与变压器之间并联着氧化锌避雷器作为电弧炉电压过电压保护装置，氧化锌避雷器是一种非线性元件，正常电压下其电阻很大，但在过电压发生时，呈现的电阻值很小，虽然在真空开关切断空载电流产生过电压时将电流从地泄掉，使电网对地释放能量来保护真空开关与电动机、变压器避免过电压损害，但由于真空开关频繁开合，在改装以前，氧化锌避雷器频繁通断，一台4000kW电弧炉供电设备，氧化锌避雷器一年通断20次，氧化锌避雷器很快疲劳损坏，失去对真空开关与电动机及变压器的保护作用，电动机及变压器的损坏率达50％。
发明内容
为了克服现有大功率电机电压过电压保护装置的上述不足，本发明提供一种工作可靠的大功率电机过电压保护装置。
本大功率电机过电压保护装置包括三个氧化锌避雷器，三个氧化锌避雷器的负极并联在一起，与接地端子联接，三个氧化锌避雷器的正极分别与用于与三相电联接的接线端子联接，其特征是：还设置着三组电阻器与电容器串联的R-C阻容器，三个R-C阻容器的一端与接地端子联接，另一端分别与三个氧化锌避雷器的另一端联接。使用时，本大功率电机过电压保护装置接地端子接地，另三个接线端分别接真空开关与电动机或变压器的三根联接线。
本大功率电机过电压保护装置的三组电阻器的电阻值与电容器的电容量与输入端的额定电压不同而不同，电阻器与电容器的技术参数与输入端的额定电压的关系见表1：
表1
| 额定电压KV | 额定电容量μF±10％ | 额定电阻值Ω±10％ | 1min工频耐受电压KV相间及对地 | 1.1Un/√3 | Tanδ％ |
| 7.2 | 0.10 | 100 | 30 | ≤10pc | ≤0.04 |
| 12 | 0.10 | 100 | 42 | ≤10pc | ≤0.04 |
| 40.5 | 0.05 | 100 | 95 | ≤10pc | ≤0.04 |
表2
| 型号TYPE | 系统额定电压(有效值)kV | 避雷器额定电压(有效值)kV | 持续运行电压(有效值)kV | 直流1mA参考电压kV不小于 | 标称放电电流kV | 陡坡冲击残压(峰值)1/5us≤A | 2ms方波通流容量不小于A |
| HY5WZ-17/45 | 10 | 17 | 13.6 | 24 | 5 | 51.8 | 150 |
| HY5WZ-10/27 | 6 | 10 | 8 | 14.4 | 5 | 31 | 150 |
| HY5W-51/134 | 35 | 51 | 40.8 | 73.0 | 5 | 154 | 400 |
避雷器的技术参数与输入端的额定电压的关系见表2。
本发明是根据R-C阻容吸收原理(利用电容的交流阻抗与电阻串联分压而得到所需的电压)，利用电网参数(阻抗、电流、电压)合理选择电阻器R的电阻值与电容器C的电容量，并计算空气压缩机的电动机、电炉变压器的过电压倍数值，计算结果为1.66倍的过电压，对绝缘接线电压1.732考虑的电气设备，在其绝缘承受范围之内。R-C阻容吸收装置及氧化锌避雷器对电动机与变压器均起保护作用，但两者的工作原理不同，R-C阻容保护是改变电路参数(主要是阻抗)抑制过电压或破坏产生过电压的条件。氧化锌避雷器是一种非线性元件，正常电压情况下其电阻值很大，但在过电压发生时，呈现的电阻值小，使电网对地释放能量来保护电气设备避受过电压损害。本发明选择适当的R-C阻容器参数，就可以有效地防止过电压，氧化锌避雷器就不会频繁动作，用改装后的供电设备，大功率电动机与变压器因过电压的损坏率降低为2％，R-C阻容器与氧化锌避雷器相互配合，有效地保护电动机、变压器。
附图说明
图1是本发明的电路图。
图2是与图1相对应的实体主视图。
图3是与图2相对应的左视图。
图4是本发明的大功率电机过电压保护装置与空气开关及电弧炉变压器的电路图。
图5是与图4相对应的实体图。
图6是本发明的大功率电机过电压保护装置与空气开关及电动机电路图。
图7是与图6相对应的实体图。
上述图中：
1、导线 2、导线 3、安装板 4、安装板 5、导线
6、框架底座 7、导线 8、导线 9、导线
10、大功率电机过电压保护装置 11、导线 12、导线 13、导线
X1、X2、X3、XF1、XF2、XF3、XFR1、XFR2、XFR3、XF接线端子
XQ3、XT3接线端子 FU1、FU2、FU3熔断器
R1、R2、R3电阻器 E公用地线 C1、C2、C3电容器 F1、
F2、F3氧化锌避雷器 Q1空气开关 T三相变压器 M电动机
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例及其附图详细说明本大功率电机过电压保护装置的具体实施方式，但本大功率电机过电压保护装置的具体实施方式不局限于下述的实施例。
实施例一
图1、图2与图3描述的大功率电机过电压保护装置有氧化锌避雷器F1、氧化锌避雷器F2与氧化锌避雷器F3，三个氧化锌避雷器的负极与用于接地的接线端子XE连接，氧化锌避雷器F1、氧化锌避雷器F2、氧化锌避雷器F3的正极用导线如导线9分别与接线端子X1、接线端子X2、接线端子X3联接，其特征是：还设置着与三相电相对应的三组电阻器与电容器串联的R-C阻容器，以R3-C3阻容器为例说明R-C阻容器的联接，
电 容器C3的负极与接线端子XE联接，电容器C3的正极与电阻器R3的一端联接，电阻器R3的另一端经接线端子XFR3与熔断器FU3的一端联接，熔断器FU3的另一端经接线端子XF3与接线端子X3联接。
本实施例的供电额定电压为7.2KV，电容器C1、电容器C2与电容器C3的额定电容量均为0.10μF±10％，电阻器R1、电阻器R2与电阻器R3的额定电阻值均为100Ω±10％，氧化锌避雷器F1、氧化锌避雷器F2、氧化锌避雷器F3的技术参数均为表2中的第三行(系统额定电压为6KV)。
本实施例是为大功率电弧炉供电变压器T的配置设备，与变压器T及空气开关Q1的联接见图4与图5，大功率电机过电压保护装置10的接线端子X1、接线端子X2、接线端子X3分别与空气开关的三个输出接线端子联接，如接线端子X3与空气开关Q1的输出接线端子XQ3联接，并且接线端子X1、接线端子X2、接线端子X3分别与变压器T三个输入接线端子联接，如接线端子X3与变压器T的输入接线端子XT3联接。空气开关的定额容量是800--2000A，变压器T的额定容量是3000--6000KVA。
本实施例的也可作为大功率电动机的配置设备，与电动机M及空气开关Q1的联接见图6与图7，大功率电机过电压保护装置10的接线端子X1、接线端子X2、接线端子X3分别与空气开关的三个输出接线端子联接，如接线端子X3与空气开关Q1的输出接线端子XQ3，并且接线端子X1、接线端子X2、接线端子X3分别与电动机M的三个输入接线端子联接，如接线端子X3与电动机M的输入端联接。空气开关的定额容量是800--2000A，电动机M的额定容量是2000--5000KW。
实施例二
本实施例的电路图与相应的电器元件的联接实体图见图1、图2，本实施例的供电额定电压为12KV，电容器C1、电容器C2与电容器C3的额定电容量均为0.10μF±10％，电阻器R1、电阻器R2与电阻器R3的额定电阻值均为100Ω±10％，氧化锌避雷器F1、氧化锌避雷器F2、氧化锌避雷器F3的技术参数均为表2中的第二行(系统额定电压为10KV)。
本实施例可作为大功率电弧炉供电变压器的配置设备，与变压器T及空气开关Q1的联接见图4与图5，空气开关的定额容量是800-1250A，变压器T的额定容量是5500-6000KVA。
本实施例也可作为大功率电动机的配置设备，与电动机M及空气开关Q1的联接见图6与图7，空气开关的定额容量是800-1250A，电动机M的额定容量是3000-5000KW。
实施例三
本实施例的电路图与相应的电器元件的联接实体图见图1、图2，本实施例的供电额定电压为40.5KV 电容器C1、电容器C2与电容器C3的额定电容量均为0.05μF±10％，电阻器R1、电阻器R2与电阻器R3的额定电阻值均为100Ω±10％，氧化锌避雷器F1、氧化锌避雷器F2、氧化锌避雷器F3的技术参数均为表2中的第四行(系统额定电压为35KV)。
本实施例可作为大功率电弧炉供电变压器的配置设备，与变压器T及空气开关Q1的联接见图4与图5，空气开关的定额容量是1000-4000A，变压器T的额定容量是40-150MVA。本实施例也可作为大功率电动机的配置设备，与电动机M及空气开关Q1的联接见图6与图7，空气开关的定额容量是300-800A，电动机M的额定容量是3000-5000KW。
上述三个实施例的其它参数参见表1。
Claims (2)
1、一种大功率电机过电压保护装置，它包括三个氧化锌避雷器，三个氧化锌避雷器的负极并联在一起，并与接地端子联接，三个氧化锌避雷器的正极分别与用于与三相电联接的接线端子联接，其特征是：还设置着三组电阻器与电容器串联的R-C阻容器，三个R-C阻容器的一端与接地端子联接，另一端分别与三个氧化锌避雷器的另一端联接；使用时，将接地端子接地，另三个接线端分别接真空开关与电动机或变压器的三根联接线。
2、根据权利要求1所述的大功率电机过电压保护装置，其特征是三组电阻器的电阻值与电容器的电容量与输入端的额定电压的关系为：
当额定电压为7.2KV时，电容器的额定电容量为0.10μF±10％，电阻器的额定电阻值为100Ω±10％；
当额定电压为12KV时，电容器的额定电容量为0.10μF±10％，电阻器的额定电阻值为100Ω±10％；
当额定电压为40.5KV时，电容器的额定电容量为0.05μF±10％，电阻器的额定电阻值为100Ω±10％。
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