CN1877544A - Keyword-driven automatic testing system and method - Google Patents
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Abstract
Disclosed is an automatic testing system drove by key-word. The system comprises testing tool, testing instruments and devices to be tested, also comprises a testing platform and a function library connected with the testing platform. Wherein the function library includes a product function library, a testing tool function library, a testing instrument function library and an AW realization function library; the testing platform includes a testing environment generating module, a test cases generating module, an operation engine, a testing logic generating module, a central database and a wizard script generating module. The invention also provides an automatic testing method by key-word. The invention is characterized in that the test cases can be transmitted among platforms or tool platforms; it can add/modify corresponding relationship of AW, and between storage AW and wizard key-word to reduce development cost and redundancy of AW.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of automatic testing, in particular to a keyword-driven automatic testing system and method.
Background
In the development process of a product, after the product enters a system test stage, in order to ensure the quality of the product, the function and the performance of the product under a simulated actual use environment need to be comprehensively tested. Developers need to correct product designs based on product defects discovered during the testing process. To ensure that no new errors are introduced by modifying the original errors, regression testing of the product is required many times. Each test of a product needs a tester to manually build an environment to simulate actual use conditions, which is called as a construction test environment. In order to ensure the accuracy of the test result, measurement of various indexes of the system is also required to be completed through the use of a test instrument/meter. For convenience of use, most instruments/meters are provided with a graphical operating interface, some employ an embedded operating system, and some provide a control software package that can be installed on a computer.
And characteristics such as interpreted execution, embeddable property, extensible property and the like of the script language (such as TCL, PYTHON and the like) lay a foundation for realizing automatic test. The product (such as telecommunication equipment or software) written by the script language not only provides a Graphical User Interface (GUI), but also provides a command line interface or a man-machine interface, so that the automatic test can be carried out. There are many modes in the existing automated test script design, such as a linear test script design mode, a structured test script design mode, a shared test script design mode, or a keyword driven test script design mode.
For example, based on the Robot tool platform of Rational corporation, a keyword driving test method applied to the automated test of GUI can be realized. The functions included in the whole process of the test method are all driven by keywords, and the keywords control the whole test process. Please refer to fig. 1 and fig. 2, which illustrate the implementation mechanism and process of the testing method more clearly. In this testing method, the member under test will first use a table similar to an Excel worksheet to establish a test case by inputting keywords (Key-Word). As in fig. 1, this is an example of a test case (e.g., KeyWords _ web. xls) which consists of a keyword and its parameters, where the first column is the keyword, which describes the ACTION to be performed, which includes, for example, input (ENTER), ACTION (ACTION), and Verification (VERIFY), etc.; second to fourth columns, which are parameters necessary for performing the action of the first column; and the fifth column indicates whether each test step passed.
In the running process of the test case, the Drive script (Drive TSL script) runs the initialization script (LogonTSL script), the whole test is initialized, the control file (run.txt) is loaded, and the test case (. xls) to be run at present is obtained.
After the initialization work of the Drive script (Drive TSL script) is completed, a control script (controllerTSL script) is started, the control script (controllerTSL script) is responsible for analyzing keywords of the whole test case file, and a corresponding implementation script (User Defined TSLscript) is called according to the keywords. The implementation script actually executes each test action, uses other columns as parameters, and returns the result to the control script after the execution. When the control script is executed to the last line, the whole test case is finished executing; and ending the test process until all the case files (. xls) in the control file (run.txt) are operated.
However, the existing automatic testing method driven by the keywords has the following defects:
the method is mainly applied to GUI automatic testing and is based on a Robot tool platform of a Rational company; cross-platform and cross-tool platform portability is weak; the method is not suitable for the automatic test of communication equipment products.
Wherein, AW is NKey (navigation key word), if AW is added, the drive module needs to be modified, thus the development cost in the automatic test process is increased; at the same time, AW will have a lot of redundancy, so multiple versions of drive modules need to be maintained.
In addition, test cases are not easily portable across different products/versions.
In this method, the implementation of AW can only be realized by script, but cannot be realized by other programming languages such as C, Pascal, so its extensibility is not strong.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a conventional data-driven automated test system. However, in such an automated testing system, the function name is NKey, and it is also impossible to implement the migration of test cases between different products or between different versions of the same product.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the system and the method have good portability and expansibility, and can effectively reduce the redundancy of the AW.
In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the automatic test system driven by the keywords comprises a test tool, a test instrument and tested equipment, and is characterized by further comprising a test platform and a function library connected with the test platform; the function library at least comprises an AW realization function library; the test platform comprises an operation engine, a test environment generation module, a test case generation module, a test logic generation module, a central database and a navigation script generation module, wherein the test environment generation module, the test case generation module, the test logic generation module, the central database and the navigation script generation module are connected with the operation engine; the running engine can read the test environment, the test logic and the test case data from the test environment generation module, the test logic generation module and the test case generation module, load a function library and a navigation script and drive the test logic to test the tested equipment; the central database is defined with AW; defining the corresponding relation among the navigation keywords, AW and AW realization functions; the navigation script generation module comprises a static script and a dynamic script; the static script is loaded by the running engine in the initialization stage, and the dynamic script is dynamically generated according to the content in the central database in the initialization process of the running engine; the dynamic script can navigate the AW to an AW implementation function corresponding to the navigation keyword according to the navigation keyword.
The function library further comprises a product function library, a test tool function library and a test instrument function library; the test environment generation module can establish and recover the test environment of the test, and defines the global data required in the test, the function library required to be loaded in the test environment and the establishment condition and the recovery condition of the test environment; the test case generation module can generate a test case according to test case data, and the test case data defines a test environment required by the test logic, a function library required to be loaded by the operation of the test logic and test data required by the test logic in the test process; the test logic generation module can generate the test logic of the test, the test logic is used for defining the test flow, the AW defined by the central database is used for describing the test flow, the used test tools and test instruments are tested synchronously, and the tested equipment is tested according to the test case data provided by the running engine.
The test platform further comprises a test kit generating module for generating a test kit of the test according to the test result of the test case, wherein the test kit comprises a test environment, test logic, test case data information and running information of the test script, which are failed in the execution of the test.
The test platform also comprises an operation parameter generation module which can generate operation parameters for providing test log output conditions and test report output conditions, and after the test is finished, the operation engine can output the test log and the test report according to the output conditions defined by the operation parameter generation module.
Wherein navigation keywords are defined in the operating parameters or the test environment.
The test tool function library and the test instrument function library are respectively provided by a test tool and a test instrument; the test tool and test instrument may be integrated into a test platform.
The product function library, the test tool function library and the test instrument function library are configured according to the test environment and the test case data, and are loaded by the running engine in the test process or are statically loaded by the test platform.
The invention also provides a keyword-driven automatic test method, which is used for automatically testing the tested equipment in a test platform and comprises the following steps: the test platform selects a test logic to be operated and starts a test; the running engine is initialized according to the running parameters generated by the running parameter generating module; the running engine establishes a running tree of a test environment and a test logic according to the test logic of the current running; the running engine executes the test according to the test environment and the running tree of the test logic; outputting a test log; and recovering the test environment and outputting a test report.
The step of executing the test by the running engine according to the test environment and the running tree of the test logic further comprises: establishing a test environment, and acquiring the test environment of the test from a test environment generation module; loading an AW implementation function library from the function library; loading a central database, and dynamically generating a dynamic script in the navigation script; reading a test case data file corresponding to the test logic; taking out one test case in the test case data file, and driving the test logic to start testing; and navigating the AW to an AW implementation function corresponding to the navigation keyword according to the navigation keyword through the navigation script, executing the AW implementation function, and testing the tested equipment.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the test case can be transplanted between cross-platform and cross-tool platform, and the increase of AW, navigation key word and realization function does not need to cause the modification of navigation script and driving script due to the adoption of the central database, thereby reducing the development cost and reducing the redundancy of AW; due to the introduction of the navigation key words, the AW can navigate to the implementation functions of different products/products in different versions (even can navigate to the implementation functions realized by different compiling languages) through the navigation key words, and the transplantation of test cases among different products/versions is realized; the same set of AWs (keywords) can be controlled by the same functional test instrument; AW may be implemented via scripts, and possibly via a compilation language such as C, Pascal.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a test case format in the prior art.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a conventional keyword-driven test system.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a conventional data-driven automated test system.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a keyword-driven automated testing system according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a main flow chart of the keyword driven automated testing method of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a flow chart of the test steps in fig. 5.
Detailed Description
First, the technical terms related to the present invention are explained as follows:
and the Test Cluster (Test Cluster) is the same Test environment configuration and networking configuration of a plurality of Test logics, is the logical division of the Test environment, and is the minimum entity for forming the Test environment.
And Test Logic (Test Logic) which is the same Test flow of a plurality of Test cases, namely script description of a group of Test cases with the same Test flow and different Test data, wherein the Test Logic can run under different Test environments.
The test case data (TestCaseData) is composed of values of different test data items, and each combination of the values of the test data items forms the test case data of different test cases.
Each combination of values of test data items constituting test case data and test logic corresponding to the test case data is called a test case (TestCase).
The test suite (TestSuite) is a collection of a plurality of test environments, test logics, test case data operation sequences and operation times which are distinguished according to product characteristics, modules or other (basic functions and system functions).
Tool Command Language (TCL), a scripting language that interprets execution.
Action Word (AW), i.e.: test actions, which may be keywords.
Navigation keys (NKey), by means of which an AW can be implemented by different products or different functions of different products.
And a Central Database (CDB) for defining the AW and storing the association relation among the AW, NKey and AW implementation functions.
And the navigation scripts (NScripts) are driving modules, and navigate the AW to different implementation functions of the AW according to the NKey through the navigation scripts.
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a keyword-driven automated testing system according to the present invention. It can be seen that the test system mainly comprises a test platform 1, a test tool and test instrument 3, and a device under test 4. And includes an operation engine 10 and a function library 2 connected to the operation engine 10. Wherein,
the test platform 1 may be any test platform integrated with a script interpreter (such as TCL) or a script Shell (such as TCL Shell), and it may manage and edit the test scripts and start the test scripts to start testing. The test script comprises a test environment, test logic and test case data.
The test tool and the test instrument 3 are third-party programs which are used for testing the tested device 4, and the test tool and the test instrument can also be integrated into the test platform 1 to be subjected to centralized management of the test platform 1.
The operation engine 10 logically belongs to the test platform 1, completes the adaptation between the test platform 1 and the test script, loads the required function library 2 according to the configuration in the test script, and controls the whole test process.
In the test process, a test environment is established by the test script, and the tested device 4 is tested by controlling a third-party test tool and the test instrument 3 through the script; during the test, the coordination between the test tools 3, between the test instruments 3 and between the test tools 3 and the test instruments 3 is synchronized by the test scripts.
The test platform 1 further includes an operation engine 10, a test environment generation module 11, a test case generation module 12, an operation parameter generation module 13, a test suite generation module 14, a test logic generation module 15, a navigation script generation module 16, and Central Data (CDB) 17. The test kit generation module 14 is an optional module. Each function library module is described below:
the function library 2 may include various function libraries, such as a product function library, a test tool function library, a test instrument function library, and an AW implementation function library. The product function library is used for configuring and controlling products; the test tool function library is used for configuring and controlling a test tool; the library of test instrument functions is used to configure and control the test instrument. The function libraries are configured according to the test environment and the test case data, and are loaded by the running engine in the test process or are configured to be statically loaded by the test platform.
The testing tool and testing instrument 3 can provide the testing tool function library or the testing instrument function library, receive the configuration and control of the testing environment and the testing logic, and complete the testing of the tested device 4.
The device under test 4 is a device under test in the test process, and is configured and controlled by the test environment and configured, controlled and tested by the test logic.
The test environment generation module 11 is mainly used for completing the establishment and recovery of the test environment of the test. The test environment comprises tested equipment, peripheral equipment 4 and a test tool/test instrument 3; it defines the global data (variables) required in the test; defining a function library which needs to be loaded in a test environment; defining the establishment conditions of the test environment (such as the initialization of the tested device and peripheral equipment, test tool/test instrument, etc.); recovery conditions of the test environment (e.g., release of resources of the device under test and the peripheral device 4, release of common resources of the test tool/test instrument 3, etc.) are defined.
The test case generation module 12 is mainly configured to generate a test case according to test case data, where the test case data defines test environments in which test logic needs to operate; defining a special test environment necessary for the test logic to run; defining a specific function library which must be loaded for the test logic to run; defining test data required by the test logic in the test process; for running the engine 10 to drive the test logic to complete the test.
The operation parameter generating module 13 is mainly configured to generate operation parameters, where the operation parameters provide test log output conditions and provide test report output conditions. The navigation key is defined in the operating parameter or test environment.
The test logic generation module 15 is configured to generate a test logic of the test, where the test logic is used to define a test flow, and the AW defined by the central database 17 is used to describe the test flow; in the testing process, testing tools and testing instruments 3 used for testing are synchronously tested; and completing the test of the tested device 4 according to the test case data provided by the operation engine 10.
The test kit generating module 14 is used for generating a test kit for the test. The test suite contains information such as test environment, test logic, test case data and the like which are not passed by the execution. The test suite is a logical division of the test script and can be classified into a basic function test suite, a characteristic test suite and the like. Only the contents are contained in the test suite: which test scripts (test environment, test logic, test case data) are to be run, and running information (such as running order and running times) of the test scripts (test environment, test logic, test case data).
And the running engine 10 is used for controlling the execution of the test script after the test platform 1 finishes the editing of the test logic, the test environment and the test case data and starts the test of the currently selected test logic. The running engine reads the test environment, the test logic and the test case data from the test environment generating module 11, the test logic generating module 15 and the test case generating module 12 (and establishes the test environment before the test starts; after the test ends, the test environment is recovered); and loads the navigation script from the navigation script generation module 16; loading a function library, automatically identifying the version number of the function library, and updating a function index file; in the test process, according to the test case data, driving the test logic to test the tested device 4; after the test is finished, outputting a test report and a test log according to the operation parameters; according to the test result of the test case, the test set generation module 14 is driven to generate the test set consisting of the test cases which fail in the test, so that the subsequent retesting of the failed test cases is facilitated.
The central database 17 is used to define AW; and defining the corresponding relation among the navigation keywords, the AW and the AW realization function.
The navigation script generation module 16 contains a static script and a dynamic script; the static script is loaded by the running engine 10 in the initialization stage, and the dynamic script is dynamically generated according to the content in the central database 17 in the initialization process of the running engine 10; the dynamic script can navigate the AW to an AW implementation function corresponding to the navigation keyword according to the navigation keyword.
The test report is provided by the runtime engine 10 after the test is completed. The test report is used for showing the statistics of the passing conditions of all test cases in the test after the test is finished. The test report may list test data statistics, including, for example: the Test duration, the total number of the run Test logic scripts, the total number of the run Test cases, and the total number of the Test cases with the execution results of OK, Partial OK (POK), Not Good (NG), Not Test (NT), and the like, respectively. And lists details of the various execution results described above.
In the process of representing the test, the running engine 10 records the execution condition of the currently running test case; after the test is finished, the running engine 10 outputs the execution condition (i.e. test log) of the complete test case; in the test log, information such as each step of the test, the start time and the elapsed time of each step, and the like can be recorded in detail.
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of the keyword-driven automated testing method of the present invention. First, selecting a test logic to be executed in a test platform, and starting a test (step S60); the operation engine is initialized according to the operation parameters generated by the operation parameter generation module (step S61); the running engine establishes a running tree of a test environment and a test logic according to the test logic of the current running (step S62); the running engine starts to execute the test according to the running tree of the test environment and the test logic (step S64); outputting a test log during the test (step S66); after the test is finished, recovering the test environment; and outputs a test report (step S67).
As shown in fig. 7, it is a specific flowchart of step S64 in fig. 6. Firstly, establishing a test environment, and acquiring the test environment of the test from a test environment generation module (step S70); loading an AW implementation function library in the function library (step S71); loading a central database to obtain a navigation script (step S72); reading a test case data file corresponding to the test logic (step S74); taking out one test case in the test case data, and driving the test logic to start testing (step S76); in the test logic execution process, the AW is navigated to an AW implementation function corresponding to the navigation keyword through the navigation script according to the navigation keyword in the navigation script, and the AW implementation function is executed to complete the test of the tested equipment (step S77); and then proceeds to step S66.
In the above embodiments of the present invention, the runtime engine and the navigation script are implemented by TCL, but not limited thereto, in other embodiments, they may also be implemented by other scripting languages (such as Python, etc.) or compiling languages (such as C/C + +, Pascal, etc.); while CDB (central database) can be implemented by databases (e.g., Oracle, Sybase, SQL Server, etc.).
In the invention, the running engine and the navigation script are realized by a pure TCL script language, and the cross-platform and cross-tool platform transplanting capability is realized. Through the central database, the navigation script is not required to be modified when a new AW is added, the development efficiency of the automatic test script is improved, and the subsequent maintenance cost is reduced. By means of NKey navigation instead of AW navigation, test cases are transplanted among different products/product versions, redundancy of AWs of different products or different versions of the same product is reduced, and maintenance cost of AWs is lowered. Through NKey navigation, AW implementation means are diversified, namely the AW implementation means can be realized by a script or a compiling language; and the test instrument or test tool which completes the same function can only use the same set of AW, so that the same test script can drive different test instruments/tools with the same function to test the tested equipment.
Claims (9)
1. A keyword-driven automatic test system comprises a test tool, a test instrument and tested equipment, and is characterized by further comprising a test platform and a function library connected with the test platform; the function library at least comprises an AW realization function library;
the test platform comprises an operation engine, a test environment generation module, a test case generation module, a test logic generation module, a central database and a navigation script generation module, wherein the test environment generation module, the test case generation module, the test logic generation module, the central database and the navigation script generation module are connected with the operation engine;
the running engine can read the test environment, the test logic and the test case data from the test environment generation module, the test logic generation module and the test case generation module, load a function library and a navigation script and drive the test logic to test the tested equipment;
the central database is defined with AW; defining the corresponding relation among the navigation key words, AW and AW realization functions;
the navigation script generation module comprises a static script and a dynamic script; the dynamic script may navigate the AW into an AW implementation function corresponding to the navigation keyword according to the navigation keyword.
2. The keyword driven automated test system of claim 1, wherein the function library further comprises a product function library, a test tool function library, and a test instrument function library;
the test environment generation module can establish and recover the test environment of the test, and defines the global data required in the test, the function library required to be loaded in the test environment and the establishment condition and the recovery condition of the test environment;
the test case generation module can generate a test case according to test case data, and the test case data defines a test environment required by the test logic, a function library required to be loaded by the operation of the test logic and test data required by the test logic in the test process;
the test logic generation module can generate the test logic of the test, the test logic is used for defining the test flow, the AW defined by the central database is used for describing the test flow, the used test tools and test instruments are tested synchronously, and the tested equipment is tested according to the test case data provided by the running engine.
3. The keyword-driven automated testing system according to claim 1, further comprising a test suite generation module in the testing platform for generating a test suite for the current test according to a test result of the test case, wherein the test suite includes a test environment, test logic, test case data information, and running information of the test script, which fail the current execution.
4. The keyword-driven automated testing system according to claim 3, wherein the testing platform further comprises an operation parameter generation module, which is capable of generating operation parameters providing an output condition of the test log and an output condition of the test report, and after the testing is finished, the operation engine is capable of outputting the test log and the test report according to the output condition defined by the operation parameter generation module.
5. The keyword driven automated test system of claim 4, wherein a navigation keyword is defined in a run parameter or test environment.
6. The keyword driven automated test system according to claim 1, wherein the test tool function library and the test instrument function library are provided by a test tool and a test instrument, respectively; the test tool and test instrument may be integrated into a test platform.
7. The keyword driven automated testing system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the product function library, the testing tool function library and the testing instrument function library are configured according to the testing environment and the testing case data, and are loaded by the running engine in the testing process or are statically loaded by the testing platform.
8. A keyword-driven automatic test method is used for carrying out automatic test on tested equipment in a test platform, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the test platform selects a test logic to be operated and starts a test;
the running engine is initialized according to the running parameters generated by the running parameter generating module;
the running engine establishes a running tree of a test environment and a test logic according to the test logic of the current running;
the running engine executes the test according to the test environment and the running tree of the test logic;
outputting a test log;
and recovering the test environment and outputting a test report.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the step of executing the test by the run engine according to the run tree of the test environment and the test logic further comprises:
establishing a test environment, and acquiring the test environment of the test from a test environment generation module;
loading an AW implementation function library from the function library;
loading a central database, and dynamically generating a dynamic script in the navigation script;
reading a test case data file corresponding to the test logic;
taking out one test case in the test case data file, and driving the test logic to start testing;
and navigating the AW to an AW implementation function corresponding to the navigation keyword according to the navigation keyword through the navigation script, executing the AW implementation function, and testing the tested equipment.
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