CN1798966A - Methods of selecting and developing a particulate material - Google Patents
Methods of selecting and developing a particulate material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1798966A CN1798966A CN200480015118.6A CN200480015118A CN1798966A CN 1798966 A CN1798966 A CN 1798966A CN 200480015118 A CN200480015118 A CN 200480015118A CN 1798966 A CN1798966 A CN 1798966A
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- bulk material
- potential value
- interface potential
- value
- matrix
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Images
Abstract
The present invention relates to a method of selecting and/or developing particulate material for a composition comprising the particulate material and a matrix by using at least one homogeneous interaction parameter alone or in combination with at least one heterogeneous interaction parameter. These parameters may comprise at least one interfacial potential property value, at least one value derived from an interfacial potential property value, at least one component of an interfacial potential property value, or combinations thereof for a particulate material and for the matrix. Process and performance maps, as well as methods for mapping, are also disclosed.
Description
Technical field
According to 35U.S.C. ξ 120, the application requires the right of priority of the U.S. Patent application 10/673093 of submission on September 26th, 2003, according to 35U.S.C. ξ 119 (e), the application requires the right of priority of U.S. Provisional Patent Application 60/491632,60/485965,60/485964,60/459230 and 60/497592, introduces these herein and applies for reference.The present invention relates to select or develop the method for the bulk material that is used for composition or application.The invention still further relates to based on interface potential value and collect bulk material or one group of bulk material.Introduce U.S. Provisional Patent Application 60/491632,60/485965,60/485964,60/459230 and 60/497592 herein as a reference.
The chemical industry product generally is a kind of-molecular formula chemical products and the performance chemical products in following two types.The molecular formula chemical products is formed definition with it.If sell with different grades, then distinguish grade with impurity concentration.Its example comprises ammonia, benzene, phenixin, diethyl ether, formaldehyde, soda ash and calcium oxide.The performance chemical products that comprises polymkeric substance, dyestuff, pigment and spices is not valuable because of its composition, but that what can be done is valuable because of it.The performance chemical products of important kind comprises particulate product such as carbon black, silicon dioxide, titania, tantalum, lime carbonate, and they are used in the fields such as comprising enhancing, rheology, dyeing and conduction.
Particulate is used to improve performance of composites, as rheology, flowability, intensity, color etc.The ability that the particulate product reaches the desired properties degree depends on particle characteristic.In order to distinguish performance class, common define styles or grade.These definition comprise indicates some particle performance, for these performances are given typical case or desired value.Before the present invention, the particle performance is relevant with morphology, as granularity, size-grade distribution, particle shape or structure etc.
In order to ensure consistance, for the particulate product is formulated instructions.These instructionss generally comprise one or more morphology and measure, and can also comprise that one or more chemical compositions measure.Morphologic commonly used measuring is granularity, surface area, structure, porosity, aggregation granularity and aggregate shapes.The assay value that comprises body and surface composition and extract of measuring commonly used of chemical substance.Can measure these changes of properties in process of production, guarantee that technology is in controllable state (being commonly referred to quality control or QC), perhaps measure these changes of properties (being commonly referred to quality assurance or QA) on the product before transportation.
For example, carbon black generally has a morphology explanation at least when selling, can be surface area, granularity, structure and porosity.Can also carry out performance test, absorb (CMA) test as bound rubber or combined moisture, this depends on the purpose purposes of carbon black.But these generally all are not included on the product requirement specification table.
Although the effort of these quality controls and quality assurance (QC/QA) aspect is arranged, the user complains also that usually a collection of product of receiving does not have the performance of anticipation, although these products " in specification limit ".For example, the variation of the low thixotropy of the outward appearance of white cloud point, cementing agent and the compound number of times of plasticity is all traced back to carbon black in batches to variation in batches on the variation of rubber solidification rate, the molded rubber part, even each is in batches all in specification limit.The common like this result who causes makes the manufacturer carry out in depth and the research that drops into substantial contribution technology and product, adjusts as far as possible, makes product can have desirable performance once more.Because in the properties of product of bulk material, may have such variation, so user or bulk material manufacturer are difficult to select to be best suited for the particle of composition.How was product in its optimum condition when we did not understand fully as yet or grasp bulk material and the interaction in composition thereof? the present invention can make people by understanding better, grasp better and selecting bulk material to go to improve performance better.
Being defined as what product, not have desirable performance be invalid, not only loses time but also sink money usually.It relates to be evaluated as what generation problem, rather than at first evades problem.The manufacturer can repeatedly adjust production stage, be not to understand the result, and just attempt changes product, sees the difference of product in some way.Sometimes this is actually the work of conjecture property.
Because the problems referred to above may appear in the performance of bulk material in composition,,, avoid or reduce the problems referred to above to optimize its performance in matrix or composition so need a kind of method of selecting bulk material of exploitation.Also need to develop a kind of system of improvement, be used to the correct or optimal selection bulk material of matrix or composition, thereby can improve or optimize its application performance.
Summary of the invention
The present invention partly is related to the method that the composition that comprises bulk material and matrix is selected candidate's bulk material, and wherein, this method comprises the step of selecting candidate's bulk material based on the predetermined relationship between the following factor:
A) at least one performance of composition and
B) 1) at least one homogeneous phase interaction parameter of bulk material, or
B) 2) at least one heterogeneous interaction parameter of at least one homogeneous phase interaction parameter of bulk material and bulk material and matrix.The homogeneous phase interaction parameter of bulk material can comprise at least one interface potential value, at least one value of being derived by interface potential value, at least one component or its combination of interface potential value, and the heterogeneous interaction parameter of bulk material and matrix can comprise at least one interface potential value, at least one value of being derived by interface potential value, at least one component or its combination of interface potential value.
The invention still further relates to is the method that comprises the composition selection candidate bulk material of bulk material and matrix, and wherein, this method comprises the step of selecting candidate's bulk material based on the predetermined relationship between the following factor:
A) comprise bulk material and substitute matrix composition at least one performance and
B) 1) at least one homogeneous phase interaction parameter of bulk material, or
B) 2) at least one heterogeneous interaction parameter of at least one homogeneous phase interaction parameter of bulk material and bulk material and matrix.Homogeneous phase and heterogeneous interaction parameter can be as mentioned above.
The invention still further relates to the method that candidate's bulk material is provided for the composition that comprises bulk material and matrix, wherein, this method comprises the steps:
A) for the user provides at least a probe bulk material, this material has predetermined interface potential value, the value of being derived by interface potential value, component or its combination of interface potential value;
B) select candidate's bulk material based on the predetermined relationship between the following factor:
A) at least one performance of composition and
B) 1) at least one homogeneous phase interaction parameter of bulk material, or
B) 2) at least one heterogeneous interaction parameter of at least one homogeneous phase interaction parameter of bulk material and bulk material and matrix; With
C) for providing, the user selects candidate's bulk material.
The invention still further relates to a kind of composition that comprises bulk material and matrix, wherein, said composition has at least one performance relevant with the combination of following factor:
A) at least one homogeneous phase interaction parameter of bulk material, or
B) at least one heterogeneous interaction parameter of at least one homogeneous phase interaction parameter of bulk material and bulk material and matrix.
The invention still further relates to a kind of method of giving performance, comprise step with bulk material and substrate combination, wherein, bulk material and matrix have the value of deriving with this performance-relevant at least one interface potential value, by interface potential value, component or its combination of interface potential value.
The invention still further relates to is the method that comprises the composition selection time matrix of bulk material and matrix, and wherein, this method comprises the step of selecting candidate's matrix based on the predetermined relationship between the following factor:
A) at least one performance of composition and
B) 1) at least one homogeneous phase interaction parameter of bulk material, or
B) 2) at least one heterogeneous interaction parameter of at least one homogeneous phase interaction parameter of bulk material and bulk material and matrix.
The invention still further relates to the method for a kind of bulk material new or that improve of exploitation, wherein, this method comprises the step that obtains at least one tendentiousness between the following factor and/or functional relationship:
A) at least one performance of two or more compositions, each described composition all comprise matrix and bulk material and
B) 1) at least one homogeneous phase interaction parameter of bulk material, or
B) 2) at least one heterogeneous interaction parameter of at least one homogeneous phase interaction parameter of bulk material and bulk material and matrix.Value, the component of interface potential value or the step of its combination that this method also comprises the interface potential value that described bulk material new or that improve had indicate, derived by interface potential value.
The invention still further relates to a kind of method for compositions that comprises matrix and bulk material new or that improve of exploitation, wherein, this method comprises the step that obtains at least one tendentiousness between the following factor and/or functional relationship:
A) at least one performance of two or more compositions, each described composition all comprise matrix and bulk material and
B) 1) at least one homogeneous phase interaction parameter of bulk material, or
B) 2) at least one heterogeneous interaction parameter of at least one homogeneous phase interaction parameter of bulk material and bulk material and matrix.
The invention still further relates to a kind of performance map, it comprises:
A) comprise matrix and bulk material composition at least one performance and
B) 1) at least one homogeneous phase interaction parameter of bulk material, or
B) 2) at least one heterogeneous interaction parameter of at least one homogeneous phase interaction parameter of bulk material and bulk material and matrix.This performance map preferably shows A) and B) between at least one tendentiousness and/or functional relationship.The invention still further relates to and utilize this performance map exploitation bulk material or method for compositions new and/or that improve.
The invention still further relates to the method for rendering performance figure, be included in the step that compares between the following factor:
A) comprise matrix and bulk material composition at least one performance and
B) 1) at least one homogeneous phase interaction parameter of bulk material, or
B) 2) at least one heterogeneous interaction parameter of at least one homogeneous phase interaction parameter of bulk material and bulk material and matrix.
The invention still further relates to a kind of artwork, it comprises:
A) at least one component of at least one interface potential value of bulk material, at least one value of deriving by interface potential value, interface potential value or its combination and
B) at least one state-variable of the method for the described bulk material of preparation.
State-variable is temperature, pressure, chemical composition, the residence time, stoichiometry, reactor quenching length, quench air amount, raw material composition, primary fuel type, the type of downstream adjuvant and/or type, concentration and/or the amount of consumption or aftertreatment preferably.The type of aftertreatment can be chemical modification or add adhesive agent such as surfactant or spreading agent.The invention still further relates to and utilize this artwork exploitation bulk material or method for compositions new and/or that improve.
The invention still further relates to the method for draw craft figure, be included in the step that compares between the following factor:
A) at least one component of at least one interface potential value of bulk material, at least one value of deriving by interface potential value, interface potential value or its combination and
B) at least one state-variable of the method for the described bulk material of preparation.
Should be understood that the general introduction of front and the detailed description of back all are exemplary and indicative, its objective is that the protection scope of the present invention for claims definition provides further explanation.
Description of drawings
At least one value, at least one component of interface potential value or the diagram of its syntagmatic that Fig. 1-4 and 6 is the performance of bulk material and at least one interface potential value, derived by interface potential value.
Fig. 5 is the coordinate figure of quenching length to the interfacial potential value impact effect of bulk material.
Embodiment
In bulk material field and manufacturer mixed bulk material in field in composition such as polymkeric substance and other matrix, it was that composition is sought best candidate's bulk material that people make great efforts based on desired properties always.In the past, select to be used in the chemical property that the method for the bulk material in the composition is based on the morphology and/or the bulk material of bulk material for realizing desired properties.Even know these parameters, also can cause some unpredictable problems for realizing the bulk material that desired properties is selected to be incorporated in the composition, involve a certain amount of conjecture sex work.Provide more accurate method in industrial certain methods and the system of needing, select to be used in the candidate's bulk material in the composition, improving performance, or realize required performance.
The invention provides so a kind of method and system, make people select candidate's bulk material, performance improvement or that optimize preferably is provided in composition for composition.The present invention utilizes the interfacial potential of bulk material separately, perhaps is used in combination the interfacial potential of bulk material with the interfacial potential of the matrix of using bulk material therein.Therefore, the present invention includes at least one homogeneous phase interaction parameter (as: work of cohesion of bulk material) of utilizing bulk material, perhaps in conjunction with utilizing at least one homogeneous phase interaction parameter of bulk material and at least one heterogeneous interaction parameter of bulk material and matrix (as: work of cohesion and bonding merit).
" homogeneous phase interaction parameter " is related to bulk material self and how interacts." heterogeneous interaction parameter " is related to bulk material and how matrix interacts.Everybody generally knows, comprises that the performance of the composition of bulk material and matrix depends on how bulk material and matrix interact.So its performance is relevant with heterogeneous interaction.But we are surprised to find now: its performance depends on the balance between the interaction (heterogeneous interaction) of the interaction of bulk material self or this homogeneous phase interaction and bulk material and matrix.Embodiment of the present invention have been utilized such relation.We find based on this: utilize the homogeneous phase interaction parameter of bulk material disclosed by the invention or it is combined with heterogeneous interaction parameter, can select bulk material more accurately.In disclosed in this application each embodiment, the characterization method of term " interfacial potential value " or " interfacial potential " expression bulk material or matrix.Determine interface potential value with particle with stipulating the interaction of system.Term " homogeneous phase interaction parameter " can comprise bulk material at least one interface potential value (that is the value relevant measurement or that calculate) with interfacial potential, derive or at least one value (as: work of cohesion) of calculating, at least one component (as: acid component, alkaline component or dispersion component) or its combination of interface potential value by interface potential value.Term " heterogeneous interaction parameter " can comprise at least one interface potential value of bulk material and matrix, at least one value of being derived by interface potential value, at least one component or its combination of interface potential value.In this instructions, term " combination " is represented mathematical combination (as: difference or ratio) and is used in combination (as: in multidimensional coordinate figure or other visions diagram).
More particularly, in one embodiment, the present invention partly is related to the method that the composition that comprises bulk material and matrix is selected candidate's bulk material, and wherein, this method comprises the step of selecting candidate's bulk material based on the predetermined relationship between the following factor:
A) at least one performance of composition and
B) 1) at least one homogeneous phase interaction parameter of bulk material, the value of deriving, component or its combination of interface potential value as interface potential value, by interface potential value, or
B) 2) combination of at least one homogeneous phase interaction parameter of bulk material and at least one heterogeneous interaction parameter, the interface potential value of the example of heterogeneous interaction parameter such as bulk material and matrix, the value of deriving by interface potential value, component or its combination of interface potential value.Candidate's bulk material of selecting can have the value that makes composition reach the interface potential value of target capabilities value, be derived by interface potential value, component or its combination of interface potential value.This method can also comprise determines A) and B) between the step of relation, also can determine the two relation in advance.Value, the component of interface potential value or the step of its combination that this method can also comprise the interface potential value of determining matrix, be derived by interface potential value.Act on a kind of selection, the step of the value of determining the interface potential value of matrix, deriving by interface potential value, the component of interface potential value or its combination can relate to determine to comprise matrix and have predetermined interface potential value, the performance of the composition of at least a probe bulk material of the component of the value of deriving by interface potential value, interface potential value or its combination.
This method relates to value, the component of interface potential value or the step of its combination that matrix is determined the interface potential value of matrix, derived by interface potential value that substitute by the component of the value of determining to have predetermined interface potential value, derived by interface potential value, interface potential value or its combination.This method can also comprise the step of selecting candidate's bulk material based on the predetermined relationship between the following factor:
A) comprise the composition that substitutes matrix and bulk material at least one performance and
B) and combination ii) i below):
I) at least one component of at least one interface potential value of bulk material, at least one value of deriving by interface potential value, interface potential value or its combination and
At least one value that ii) substitutes at least one interface potential value of matrix, derives by interface potential value, at least one component or its combination of interface potential value.This relation can determine in advance, or this method can comprise determine A) and B) between the step of relation.
The invention still further relates to the method that candidate's bulk material is provided for the composition that comprises bulk material and matrix, wherein, this method comprises the steps:
A) for the user provides at least a probe bulk material, this material has predetermined interface potential value, the value of being derived by interface potential value, component or its combination of interface potential value;
B) select candidate's bulk material based on the predetermined relationship between the following factor:
A) at least one performance of composition and
B) 1) at least one homogeneous phase interaction parameter of bulk material, the value of deriving, component or its combination of interface potential value as at least one interface potential value, by interface potential value, or
2) at least one homogeneous phase interaction parameter of bulk material, value, the component of interface potential value or at least one heterogeneous interaction parameter of its combination and bulk material and matrix of deriving as at least one interface potential value, by interface potential value, value, the component of interface potential value or the combination of its combination of deriving as at least one interface potential value, by interface potential value; With
C) for providing, the user selects candidate's bulk material.
In the method, candidate's bulk material of selection can have the value that makes composition reach the interface potential value of target capabilities value, be derived by interface potential value, component or its combination of interface potential value.As mentioned above, this method can also comprise determine A) and B) between the step of relation.
In one embodiment of the invention, method of the present invention can make people select bulk material, can provide than the same or analogous performance of expensive bulk material.In other words, the present invention can make people select candidate's bulk material, it is lower than second (second) candidate bulk material price, wherein, candidate's bulk material and second (second) candidate bulk material can have similar interface potential value, the value of being derived by interface potential value, component or its combination of interface potential value, can make composition have the similar target performance number.
The invention still further relates to the method for collecting bulk material based on the interfacial potential of each bulk material.In this embodiment, at least one component of at least one value of deriving according at least one interface potential value of each bulk material, by interface potential value, interface potential value or its combination are with various bulk materials (as: two or more) grouping or classification together.This collection or be classified as the bulk material of selecting to have various interface potential values keyword or guide are provided.Such collection or classification bulk material are provided, and this collection or classification can be for offering help as the user, for they offer help in the method that selection is used for candidate's bulk material of composition.
The invention still further relates to the method for two kinds of bulk materials being carried out classification at least based at least one interfacial potential value of each bulk material.For example can make the user select suitable or best candidate's bulk material based on the interfacial potential valve system to the classification of at least two kinds of bulk materials, it is used in the composition, preferred performance for example is provided.For example, can help user or bulk material manufacturer to determine what is the best bulk material that is used for composition based on the interfacial potential that increases or reduce to the classification of bulk material.Classification by at least two kinds of two kinds of materials is easier to finish selection course.For example, if a kind of bulk material is compared the performance with improvement with the bulk material of previous use, then make the user can select down a kind of bulk material, with the performance of test composition to the classification meeting of two or more two kinds of materials at least.The classification of bulk material can be represented in any way, as figure, table or other diagrams.The classification of bulk material can be based on two or more two kinds of materials, as at least 3 kinds, and at least 5 kinds, at least 10 kinds, at least 50 kinds, or at least 100 kinds of bulk materials.In fact the classification of bulk material can set up two kinds of material depots based on interfacial potential value and optional other parameters such as morphology and/or chemical parameters.This classification of bulk material makes people can utilize this classification to remove to select the bulk material that is used for special matrix.In addition, the classification of bulk material makes people can utilize this classification to remove to select the bulk material that is used for special dimension such as electric conductor, finally is used in as in toner, coating, printing ink, other polymer arts etc.
Utilize the present invention, manufacturer and/or user have the better method systematicness and select bulk material.Utilize the present invention can found road sign, determine to carry out performance test on which type of bulk material, what is following a kind of bulk material that will carry out performance test.Part is carried out classification based on interfacial potential to bulk material, and we can determine should test any bulk material next time.
Therefore, as an embodiment, present invention resides in the special matrix having of the grouping of predetermined interface gesture performance number as at least two kinds of bulk materials of the component of the value of deriving, interface potential value or its combination by interface potential value.The bulk material of grouping can have identical or different interface potential value.The bulk material of grouping can have identical interfacial potential, and wherein, at least one morphology and/or chemical parameters are different.In substituting embodiment, the bulk material of grouping can have at least one identical morphology and/or chemical score, and wherein, interface potential value is different.Therefore, for the bulk material of this grouping, the combination of any performance all is possible.Because part is divided into groups to bulk material with organized mode based on interface potential value, so the present invention can also provide sampling bag or sampling collection for the user.Sampling bag or sampling collection comprise at least two kinds of bulk materials with predetermined interface gesture.This sampling bag can have two or more bulk materials.This sampling bag can make the user test various bulk materials in multiple composition, determines that in order to make composition have desired properties what is best candidate's bulk material.Because this sampling packet portion is based on the interfacial potential of each bulk material, thus can more accurate method be provided and the method for information is more arranged for the user, for given composition optimization or improve bulk material.Different with industrial previously used sampling, this sampling collection or sampling method provide more concentrated system, can be correctly and accurately select for composition or the optimization bulk material.This system and method can improve the previous composition of determining, perhaps is provided for preparing first the sampling collection of composition for the user.
In order to realize goal of the invention, term used herein " value " comprises the scope of concrete number or value or a plurality of number or value or these numbers or value.
Make bulk material such as filler and pigment in the instructions scope of definition, even like this, we find that also product sometimes can not show consistent performance when the user uses.Even industrially so far all imperfectly understand product can not show consistent performance in morphology instructions scope reason.The present invention now can select bulk material based at least one homogeneous phase interaction parameter of bulk material or in conjunction with at least one heterogeneous interaction parameter of bulk material and matrix, makes the user be easier to reach the required performance of their product.Can be provided at the product of performance unanimity in its end product in this way for the user.The present invention also provides a kind of method of selecting type, grade and/or the brand of pelletized product better.This system makes manufacturer and user can select type, grade and/or the brand of pelletized product better, makes industrial personnel can select type, grade and/or the brand of pelletized product more accurately.
Bulk material usually can be with the production of multiple unit, comprise in batches, batch, sample, shipping etc.In general, user and/or supplier agree to discern the unit of product, can be included in the contract, and contract comprises verbal agreement, purchase order, issue voucher, contract, abstention peace treaty or its combination.Method of the present invention relates at least one homogeneous phase interaction parameter of utilizing bulk material, perhaps selects the step of a certain bulk material in conjunction with at least one heterogeneous interaction parameter of utilizing bulk material and matrix.Method of the present invention can also comprise the step that at least one morphology value of utilizing bulk material and/or at least one chemical score are selected.
For each embodiment of the present invention, can use any bulk material.Bulk material can be any form such as powder, bead or villus material.The example of bulk material comprises but is not defined as filler, replenishers, carbonaceous material, carbon black, inorganic salts, silicon dioxide (as: fumed silica, precipitated silica or cataloid), aerosil, forge the oxygenerating thing, silicate, the silicon dioxide gel that comprises St ber colloidal sol, metal oxide, hydrated metal oxide, ferriferous oxide, aluminum oxide, boehmite, alumina silicate, clay, porcelain earth, halloysite, polynite, Attagel, zeolite, pottery (as: metal carbide, metal nitride or metal boride), lime carbonate, lime stone, barium sulphate, zeyssatite, asbestine, pigment (as: phthalocyanine color, the Prussia orchid, chromium oxide and chrome green), zinc sulphide, zinc paste, titania, antimony oxide, plumbous zinc, metal (as: tantalum, niobium, iron, aluminium or silicon), metal alloy and surface treated above-mentioned arbitrary substance are as hydrophobic silica, surface modified carbon black, the powder of polymer treatment and mordant pigment.Also can use the composition or the potpourri of these bulk materials.The example of carbonaceous material comprises but is not defined as carbon black, graphite, glass charcoal, activated charcoal, buckeyball, carbon fiber, nanotube, graphite etc.Other examples comprise contain carbon mutually and silicon-containing material mutually aggregation or contain carbon phase and containing metal material aggregation mutually.In addition, the carbon black of the bulk material of coating such as silica dioxide coating is other examples of bulk material.In addition, can be with any method as subsidiary organic group, polymeric groups etc. to carbonaceous material or other bulk material modifications.Its example comprises those groups of describing in the following United States Patent (USP): 5747562,5830930,5877238,5904762,5916934,5919841,5948835,6008272,6017980,6028137,6057387,6197274,6211279,6323273,6364944,6448309, introduce these patents herein as a reference.
For each embodiment of the present invention, matrix can be any system that wherein can add granular bulk material.For example, matrix can comprise at least a polymkeric substance, solvent, colorant, surfactant, other bulk materials or its composition.Matrix optimization is solvent or polymkeric substance.The example of polymeric matrices comprises natural rubber, cellulose, fluoropolymer, polyamide, the homopolymer and the multipolymer of butadiene, ethene, propylene, vinyl cyanide, vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate, (methyl) acrylate monomer, styrene, formaldehyde and ethylene glycol terephthalate.The example of solvent comprises aqueous solvent and anhydrous solvent.
Bulk material is used in the various compounding system, for example is included in the dispersion in elastic body, polymkeric substance, solvent, resin or its potpourri.The importance of performance comprises formation, dispersion degree, color and the electric conductivity of enhancing property, rheology control, percolating network.The performance of these compound systems partly comes from the morphology of used bulk material.Other physical phenomenons that relate to bulk material can be in response to the interfacial potential performance.Some phenomenons are also in response to the two combination.Because interfacial potential and morphology play an important role in bulk material, so method of the present invention comprises at least one homogeneous phase interaction parameter of utilization reflection bulk material interfacial potential or at least one heterogeneous interaction parameter that combination reflects the interfacial potential of bulk material and matrix.We are surprised to find, and can characterize better in this way, discern better, more easily develop, in particular for user's sign, identification and development.This parameter and system can select to be used in the best bulk material in the composition better.
The interfacial potential of bulk material defines by measuring of physical phenomenon, this measure depend on eliminate morphologic influence back bulk material and other materials or with himself interaction.When two particles were in contact with one another, interfacial potential was interior the gathering on the unit contact area.When bulk material was sneaked in the fluid, interfacial potential was the bonding on the unit grain area.If measuring is unit mass, the surface area of unit mass and the interfacial potential on the unit area are depended in then total interaction.
The example of only relevant with interfacial potential phenomenon comprises the spreading pressure and the liquid-drop contact angle of the cutting apart of particle between the liquid phase, adsorbed gas.These phenomenons can be measured, and from morphology or from interfacial potential, this has no ambiguity, because they only depend on interfacial potential as for consequently.
But as mentioned above, many useful physical phenomenons are not only in response to morphology but also in response to interfacial potential.The morphology of bulk material is the description of its shape, size and structure.Morphology can comprise granularity, surface area, particle porosity, aggregation size, aggregate shapes, maximum packed density, powder bed porosity.Morphology can also comprise the distribution performance such as average, the standard deviation of these values such as granularity, pore size, aggregation size, width, skewness etc.The morphology value is or the result of its combination who measures in these performances.The mean diameter of the surface area of unit mass, the diffusion constant of individual particle, primary particle and diameter, shape and the quantity in microstructure such as hole all are the examples of morphology value.
Not only comprised rheol many aspects (as: productive rate, viscosity and shear thinning), fluid wicking rate in powder pillar and peak torque and the fluid volume (that is, absorptiometer or oil absorption test) that in the wetting powder that stirs, takes place in response to morphology but also in response to the example of the phenomenon of interfacial potential.For example, the climbing speed of fluid in the filler particles post not only depended on the pore size distribution of post but also depend on fluid and particle surface between the interactional intensity of wetting state on the cellar area.Capillary intensity of force when the volume when producing peak torque depends on maximal density that powder can be filled and compaction of powders.And capillary force depends on the size in hole and the interfacial potential on the unit area.If interact enough greatly and/or the hole enough little, then bulk material can be pressed into its maximal density or near maximal density.Therefore, in order on some bulk materials, to carry out absorptiometry, only learn and measure the feature volume with particle shape with some liquid.For other liquid, measure volume and moment of torsion with morphology and interfacial potential.
When these phenomenons that cause when morphology and interfacial potential occur, analyze the method that these are measured, that is, used computing method or algorithm can be determined morphology value or interface potential value.Thereby can use not only in response to morphology but also in response to the test of interfacial potential, obtain the independent information relevant with the two.
For example, be that morphologic related fields are surface area and are those known phenomenons to the correlativity of area not only in response to morphology but also in response to the subclass of the physical phenomenon of interfacial potential.The exemplary of this phenomenon is the absorption research that is determined at the property cut apart of trace molecule between this surface and gas phase or the liquid phase.For these physical phenomenons, the measured value of the interfacial potential of reconciliation statement area and calculating.
Be the phenomenon that to separate by mathematical analysis the correlativity of morphology and interfacial potential not only in response to morphology but also in response to another subclass of the physical phenomenon of interfacial potential.For example, the gas absorption amount depends on surface area and interfacial potential as pressure function.Can be with this function and known gas molecule size reckoner area or interfacial potential.With nitrogen reckoner area is exactly so-called BET method.Common calculating can obtain surface area, and this is a morphologic aspect, and this method is a morphological approach.The different interfacial potentials that calculate are so such method is the interfacial potential method.
Can some physical phenomenons be divided into morphology effect and interfacial potential by algorithm.This provides the foundation for measuring morphology or interfacial potential.The algorithm of decryption is determined the type measured.
If satisfy a condition in the following condition, then can be with being that bulk material is given interface potential value not only in response to morphology but also in response to the phenomenon of interfacial potential.
A) if can also eliminate morphologic influence with inertia probe measurement physical phenomenon the time.The inertia probe is the probe that can ignore interfacial potential.For example, in anti-phase vapor-phase chromatography (IGC), also to measure the residence time of inertia probe.
B), can independently calculate one or more morphology and interfacial potential value to the response of this parameter if external parameter such as pressure or temperature change.For example, BET analytic approach record goes out two constants as the adsorbance of pressure function by these data computation.A constant metric table area, a constant is measured interfacial potential.
C) if in different fluids, test physical phenomenon with identical bulk material.With these results contrast, determine the difference the when morphology of particle is identical.For example, can be relatively with the wicking rate of various liquid and the hydrocarbon wicking rate by the powder bed of similar filling.
D) if not only deducted the number that independent experiment is determined greater than the number of related Morphological parameter in response to morphology but also in response to the number of the different tests of interfacial potential, the independent experiment that sufficient amount is then arranged adds at least one aspect of interfacial potential to guarantee the consistance of morphology parameter.
In all these conditions, except that D), common purpose be identification depend on eliminate morphologic influence back bulk material and other materials or with himself interactional this part physical phenomenon.This part is an interfacial potential.
Therefore, any one above-mentioned technology can be utilized or comprise to each embodiment of the inventive method.Other technologies are described in detail in detail below.
As mentioned above, method of the present invention can also comprise the step of also selecting based at least one morphology value.The morphology value can be arbitrarily above-mentioned a kind of, can be definite with any means known in the art, and as the colloid technology, comprise liquid or steam absorption, microscopy or its combination.General liquid that is used to adsorb or vapor probe comprise nitrogen, iodine, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), dibutyl phthalate (DBP) or paraffin oil.The surface area of measuring carbon black with the absorption of nitrogen, iodine and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) (for example: ASTM D4820, the D5816 and the D6556 that are used for nitrogen adsorption in the past; The D1510 that is used for iodine number; With the D3756 that is used for the CTAB area).The surface area of all technical measurements all should be identical, but for some carbon blacks, its surface area is inequality.These difference are to cause the reason of porosity or other morphological property difference.The example of useful microscopy technology comprises but is not defined as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction, dark field microscopy, oxidation research, diffracted beam electron microscopy, phase contrast projection electron micro-imaging art, high resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM), scanning tunnel electron micro-scopy (STEM), scanning tunnel microscopy (STM), scanning forces microscopy (SFM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging.The example of colloid technology comprises but is not defined as masstone (black or colour), colorability (ASTM D 3265) and nitrogen adsorption data (ASTM D 3037), cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (ASTM D 3765) or iodine (ASTM D 1510).The chemical property on the amount of porosity and type and bulk material surface can influence the surface area that obtains with above-mentioned either party's method with diverse ways.Can be used in big probe such as CTAB and go up the apparent surface area estimation porosity that exceeds the quata that detects in little probe of absorption such as the nitrogen.Can use TEM, the centrifugal light deposition method of disk, the moving classification of deposition field flow, capillary hydraulic classiciation, dynamic optical dispersion and differential mobility to estimate the aggregation size.Can estimate aggregate shapes with oil absorption, particularly DBP, can estimate specific volume with density-pressure curve and TEM.
Example of morphological property shown in the following table 1 and the test that is used to measure them.These morphology values can be used separately, perhaps are used in combination with other morphology values.
Table 1
| Morphological property | Test method |
| Granularity and size-grade distribution | Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is calculated masstone with surface area |
| Surface area | Nitrogen adsorption (ASTM D 3037) iodine absorption (ASTM 1510) CTAB absorption (ASTM D 3765) Carman surface area |
| Pore size and distribution | Difference between nitrogen and ctab surface are long-pending |
| Aggregation size and distribution | TEM optical dispersion disk is centrifugal |
| Aggregate shapes | TEM oil absorption DBP absorption techniques obtains specific volume by density-pressure curve |
Method of the present invention can also be included in the step that part is selected based at least one chemical score in the various embodiments of the present invention.The chemical property of bulk material is integral body (or body) composition, surface composition and/or the extractible material of material.Chemical part type, quantity and distribution from the teeth outwards is called surface chemical property.For example, the surface of carbon black can comprise carbon-oxygen surface group, carbon-hydrogen meter face group and/or other replacement carbon backs.
Can determine the chemical score of bulk material with any technology known in the art.For example, can by desorption (as: taking off the oxygen groups of absorption on the carbon black), with in the bronsted lowry acids and bases bronsted lowry and surface group, electromotive force, temperature and radiometric titration, electrokinetics test, with the amount of the directly analysis of specific chemical reaction, polarography, infra-red sepectrometry (IR) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) mensuration chemical part.Can change surface chemical property by chemical reaction or by removing extractible material.The example of chemical score includes but not limited to the amount and the zeta potential of pH, functional group.
We find: in general, measure chemical composition and all be not enough to effectively illustrate bulk material with measurement morphology, thereby bigger consistance can not be provided in end product.A large amount of dissimilar chemical substances can be contained in the bulk material surface, therefore, for bulk material effectively is described, need the too many material of identification, determine their relative positions from the teeth outwards.In addition, though have the method for qualitative and quantitative analysis, location positioning has been exceeded present level.
As mentioned above, interface potential value can be can any performance related with the interfacial potential of bulk material.In order to realize purpose of the present invention, as describing in detail below, test findings can be used for measuring interfacial potential, perhaps permission is bulk material self or is the grade of bulk material or the brand value of giving with a kind of method, test findings is subjected to bulk material interfacial potential Effect on Performance, can think that in the present invention test findings is an interface potential value.Can measure these values with the various techniques known in the art that comprise following technology:
Measure interfacial potential with masstone.Bulk material such as the pigment optical density in matrix depends on its internal performance and the deployment conditions of bulk material in whole matrix.If poor dispersion, then optical density is low.If scattered, optical density height then.The dispersiveness of bulk material not only depends on its morphology but also depend on its interfacial potential.Therefore, masstone depends on the interfacial potential of pigment.For the identical bulk material that is dispersed under the same conditions in the different substrates, the difference of masstone can be used as the specification of the interfacial potential of particulate filler.
Measure interfacial potential with gas-adsorption technique.Measure the above-mentioned certain methods of surface area such as BET analytic approach with gas absorption data and two parameter matches mutually-are used for surface area, one is used for the solid and gas interaction.Being used for the interactional parameter of solid and gas is measuring of interfacial potential.Therefore, from being used for to learn information about interfacial potential by the identical data of BET analytic approach account area.Therefore, the method (interfacial potential steam adsorption technology) of other gas absorption amounts may be used to measure interfacial potential to relate to measurement except that the nitrogen of the common 'inertia' gas that is used for the BET analytic approach and krypton gas.The example that can be used for measuring the substituting gas of interfacial potential comprises water, ammonia and various organic steam such as toluene, ethanol, pentane, nonane, acetonitrile, methylene chloride etc.The gas-adsorption technique and the data analysis method that preferably obtain interfacial potential are to measure spreading pressure, and this will describe in detail below.
Measure interfacial potential with method from solution absorbs.Absorption from solution is the technology that is similar to gas absorption.A lot of solutes are surface-active, that is, when they sneaked in the solution, they preferentially accumulated in the surface of bulk material.Adsorbance depends on surface area, morphology and interfacial potential.If on identical bulk material, measure the adsorbance of the solute of two or more different surfaces activity, then can collect abundant information, make it to morphology and interfacial potential independent reaction, thereby can be used as the method for measuring interfacial potential.For example,, then can collect abundant information, make it morphology and interfacial potential independent reaction if form the required concentration of saturated surface layer is measured iodine and CTAB on identical carbon black adsorbance to be lower than.
Measure interfacial potential with optical dispersion or disk centrifugation.In order to obtain aggregate size by optical dispersion, must be in liquid with the bulk material high dilution.Usually add surfactant,, in measuring process, do not flocculate, can accurately measure its size to guarantee the bulk material good separation.The deviation of this test can provide information poly-in the information about interfacial potential, particularly bulk material.For this method, the granularity of measurement is the function that does not add the surfactant following time of condition.Dispersion liquid is even high dilution also can flocculate with the passing of data.Flocculation rate is poly-measuring in the bulk material.Therefore, granularity or the measuring of size-grade distribution as the function of time is measuring of measuring of interfacial potential, particularly cohesion.
With oily determination of adsorption method interfacial potential.The QA/QC test that is used for the general type of bulk material such as carbon black structure is slowly to add liquid in the lot of materials that stirs.Along with the increase of liquid volume and bulk material mass ratio, mix the moment of torsion that needs and change.In general, the liquid that adds when peak torque and the ratio of quality of materials are reported as the QA/QC test that is used for structure, can appear on the product requirement specification table.Another kind of QA/QC test is the identical ratio of report when the peak torque of predetermined ratio.Preferred liquid is dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and report value is commonly referred to the DBP number.Also use paraffin oil.The ratio of these volumes and quality is the morphologic majorant of bulk material.
But, also depended on the interfacial potential of passing particle-particle interaction and the interactional relative intensity of particle-liquid by the flowability of the wetting bulk material of liquid.When repeating adsorption test with second kind of liquid on identical bulk material, the relation between the volume of moment of torsion and adding liquid changes.For example, for bulk material identical in the different liquids, peak torque may be different, perhaps in other words, and the liquid volume difference that adds when reaching peak torque.These difference have reflected the interfacial potential of bulk material.Therefore, the oily adsorption test of carrying out with different liquids combines and can be used for the interfacial potential of regulation bulk material.Adsorption method preferably uses the liquid that is not DBP or paraffin oil.The example of operable liquid comprises propylene carbonate, water, ethylene glycol or its potpourri.
Measure interfacial potential with wicking rate.When bulk material is filled in the post and packed bed bottom when contacting with liquid, above liquid can be drawn onto by packed bed.Wicking rate depends on the filling situation (this depends on morphology) of bulk material and the interaction strength (this depends on interfacial potential) between bulk material and the liquid.Can be with the comparison of the wicking rate of two or more liquid in the equivalent packed column of identical bulk material as the measuring of the interfacial potential of bulk material, these liquid can comprise nonane, hexadecane, isoalkane, ethylene glycol, formamide, naphthalene bromide, acetonitrile, benzaldehyde, propylene carbonate, aniline, cyclohexanol, nitro-anisol, dichloro-benzenes, water or its potpourri.Multiple factor is depended in the selection of liquid, comprises toxicity, vapour pressure, viscosity and polarity.The liquid of general preferred use hypotoxicity, low-steam pressure (as: being lower than 0.6kPa) and/or low viscosity (as: being lower than about 5cp).Polarity in the certain limit also is preferred.
With rheology test determination interfacial potential.The flocculating degree of bulk material in liquid depends on the balance between particle-particle interaction and the particle-liquid phase interaction.In other words, flocculating degree depends on the interfacial potential of bulk material.One of this balance measures, and to be shear thinning degree-viscosity descend with the increase of shearing rate.It is the Bingham yield point that another of flocculating degree measured.It is elastic modulus under the low stress that another of flocculating degree measures.In these methods each can be used for measuring the interfacial potential of bulk material.For example, use the yield point method of hydrocarbon fluid such as paraffin oil, hexadecane, nonane or its potpourri to can be used for measuring interfacial potential.
Measure interfacial potential with settling volume.When dispersion liquid flocculates, particle sedimentation owing to granularity increases.Bigger than particle-liquid energy as fruit granule-particle energy, then flocculate is big, the settling height height.Therefore, measuring of the settling height of the flocculation dispersion liquid of bulk material can measuring as interfacial potential.
Measure interfacial potential with isolated method.When immiscible liquid adds in the container with two or more with bulk material, material preferentially accumulate in one of them mutually in or the phase boundary place.The cause of this preferential isolation is the interfacial potential owing to bulk material, thereby can be as the instructions of bulk material.
With anti-phase gas chromatography determination interfacial potential.Anti-phase vapor-phase chromatography (IGC) is used for the measurement gas probe and flows through residence time of bulk material packed bed.Interfacial potential is strong more, and the residence time is long more.The residence time is also depended on the morphology and the filling situation of bulk material.Therefore, in general procedure, the residence time of organic steam and the residence time of hydrocarbon are compared.This analysis is measured for the interfacial potential of bulk material provides, thereby can be as the method for regulation bulk material.Can comprise butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, tetrahydrofuran, acetone, ethyl acetate, ether, chloroform, acetonitrile or its potpourri with the organic steam that IGC measures interfacial potential.
Measure interfacial potential with spreading pressure.The spreading pressure of gas on bulk material is measuring of interfacial potential.Can calculate spreading pressure (as the molal quantity of partial pressure function) with the gas absorption isotherm.When dividing potential drop was mapped with logarithm, spreading pressure was the integration of adsorption curve.If data report is the absorption molal quantity of unit mass, spreading pressure is the energy of unit mass.Can be with the spreading pressure that calculates divided by specific surface area, the energy that obtains with unit area is the interfacial potential of unit.Multiple gases be can use, tetrahydrofuran, water, ethanol, toluene, MEK, cyclohexanone etc. for example comprised.Calculate the spreading pressure of bulk material, measuring of interfacial potential can be provided each gas.
Can use the additive method of measuring the bulk material interfacial potential, these methods are that those of ordinary skills are known.Its example comprises:
A) the extruding bulk material obtains flat surface, the contact angle of measuring probe liquid on this flat surface;
B) measurement gas pressure is removed probe liquid with liquid filling or partially filled back from the hole of the packed bed of bulk material;
C) the measurement submergence swims in the necessary centrifugal force of bulk material particle on the probe liquid;
D) measure and to be enough to be pressed into two-dimensional pressure in wrong your (Langmuir) groove of bright lattice swimming in bulk material particle on the probe liquid;
E) the relative adsorbance of measurement probe dye;
Heat when f) the measurement bulk material is immersed in the probe liquid;
The heat of emitting when g) measuring bulk material absorption sample absorbate.This can carry out in flow calorimeter with the absorbate that is dissolved in the carrier fluid, can be intermittently of neat liquid or solution to carry out in the calorimeter at absorbate also;
H) as Morrison, I.D.; Ross, S.Colloidal Dispersions:Suspensions, Emulssions, and Foams; Hohn Wiley ﹠amp; Sons:New York; 2002, pp505-515 is described, and the settling volume in the test(ing) liquid of measurement homologous series is introduced above-mentioned document herein as a reference;
I) just measure enough compositions of the solvent mixture of submergence bulk material floating particle;
J) measure the deviation of hard sphere body kinematic viscosity with einstein (Einstein) equation or under higher concentration, measure other deviations of hard sphere body dispersive property.
Another aspect of the present invention relates to the improvement method that the bulk material of excellent properties can be provided when exploitation is used in composition or the base complex.The inventor recognizes: during when bulk material and himself and with the matrix phase interaction, its interfacial potential is very important at the decision aspect of performance.Other performances of bulk material such as its morphology may be also very important, and the present invention is with to improve the method for performance be compatible by controlling these other performances and interfacial potential.This method has two main distinct steps.At first be to be appreciated that how interfacial potential influences performance.This understanding shows as the drawing form.Second step is one or more bulk materials that selection has the interfacial potential value that can improve performance from existing bulk material catalogue, perhaps selects to produce the manufacturing condition of the particle with required interfacial potential value.Select correct working condition to depend on second kind of plotting mode, that is, show processing parameter and the interfacial potential that obtains between the diagram that concerns.
In the embodiment of the present invention aspect this, can will comprise the performance of composition of bulk material such as carbon black etc. draw, be the interfacial potential that how to depend on bulk material with absorbability that performance such as resistance or conductance, impact strength, anti-UV, modulus, water of constitution are shown, rheology, electric conductivity, dispersiveness, reinforcement, powder flowbility, electrification by friction etc.Therefore, in this embodiment, the present invention relates to a kind of performance map, it comprises:
A) comprise matrix and bulk material composition at least one performance and
B) 1) at least one homogeneous phase interaction parameter of bulk material, or
B) 2) at least one heterogeneous interaction parameter of at least one homogeneous phase interaction parameter of bulk material and bulk material and matrix.Interaction parameter as mentioned above.This performance map can be finished by user, bulk material manufacturer and/or third party.The form of this performance map for example can be figure, raw data, chart, formula, algorithm etc.This performance map preferably provides a) various interface potential values (being also referred to as the combination of the interfacial potential value of the interfacial potential value of the interfacial potential value of bulk material and/or bulk material and matrix) and b) contains tendentiousness and/or functional relationship between at least one performance of composition of bulk material.Can randomly use or the interfacial potential value of definite matrix or other performances of matrix, to understand tendentiousness described herein and/or functional relationship better.In general, use two kinds of bulk materials to draw at least with different interfacial potential values.More preferably be to use at least three kinds, at least four kinds, at least five kinds or at least ten kinds of different rendering performance figure such as bulk material.In these bulk materials each all preferably has different interfacial potential values.It is a value or two, three or more values that interfacial potential can be measured.That is, interfacial potential can be a value, also can be two or more values of the different components of expression interfacial potential.The example of two components is polarity and nonpolar component, and the example of three components is nonpolar, bronsted lowry acids and bases bronsted lowry components.
Need the number of the bulk material of rendering performance figure can be equal to or greater than the number of giving the interfacial potential component.Bulk material can have identical or different morphology value and/or chemical score.If the performance of composition depends on morphology or other performances and the interfacial potential of bulk material, then the number of bulk material can increase, and figure is not confused with guaranteed performance.By selecting bulk material, can obtain containing the very wide performance map of the composition of bulk material with wide region interfacial potential.Then can with this performance map determine better or improve or more suitably bulk material or best or the only bulk material that is used in the matrix, to obtain desired properties.
This performance map can be a two-dimensional diagram, also can be the multidimensional diagram.This performance map preferably provides tendentiousness and/or functional relationship under one or more performance conditions of the various interfacial potential values of considering bulk material and matrix.Term " substrate performance " can comprise its interfacial potential value and/or other physical properties such as molecular weight, molar volume, dipole moment, relative permittivity, viscosity, density, surface tension, fusing point, glass transition temperature, color, UV absorbability etc.The performance of matrix can come from publication, as Hildebrand parameter, hydrogen bond performance, static coefficient, fractionation polarity, Hansen solubility parameter, Snyder polarity index, solvatochromism parameter etc.The performance of matrix can come from one or more performances of the matrix that combines with at least a bulk material.The performance of matrix can come from one or more performances of the matrix that combines with each group bulk material.If the mathematical relation between the interfacial potential performance of the performance of composition and bulk material and matrix is known, and the value of one or more bulk materials is known, then can explain measuring of performance, to calculate the interfacial potential of matrix.For example, the performance of matrix can come from the viscosity of organizing the matrix that two or more bulk materials combine with each.The performance of one group of matrix can come from one or more performances of the matrix that combines with each group bulk material.Or if this mathematical relation is known, then one group of self-consistent interfacial potential value of matrix and bulk material can come from the one or more performances with each granular each matrix that combines.Derivation to one group of self-consistent interfacial potential value of bulk material and matrix need be checked a plurality of combinations.
This performance map can provide tendentiousness and/or functional relationship under the condition of one or more morphology values of also considering bulk material.For example, can and b) contain between the conductance of composition of bulk material in the various interface performances of a) bulk material and DBP value thereof (can also randomly consider to contain the performance of the matrix of bulk material) and draw.Morphological property can be the combination of surface area or surface area and DBP value.
When rendering performance figure, the concentration of bulk material in matrix can be fixed, and also can be the concentration of wide range.For example, the figure of performance such as viscosity or color can explain the variation of the mass fraction that joins the bulk material in the matrix.This figure can explain the variation when preparing bulk material in matrix.For example, a figure of drafting mixes bulk material for a long time in matrix under high-rate of shear, and another figure is blended in bulk material in the matrix with minimum amount of agitation.Can provide different figure to different conditions, for example the variation of variation of temperature or environmental baseline.
In general, the performance map of the various interfacial potential values of bulk material is different for each matrix.The user is very interested to be to improve performance with different substrates.Performance map in the various matrix of various bulk materials provides in order to improve the method for one or more performances by selection bulk material and matrix.
Therefore, in one embodiment, the present invention relates to by drawing the method for the above-mentioned performance map exploitation product that contains at least a bulk material new and/or that improve.This performance map can also make people owing to knowing that required interfacial potential value recognizes preferred bulk material.This performance map can also make people carry out balance between interfacial potential value and morphology value and/or other values.Use two or more performance map can improve more than one performance simultaneously.This performance map can also make people recognize the bulk material that can carry out required balance between desired properties.For example, interfacial potential value and color and impact strength figure can make people select to provide the bulk material that two kinds of performances are all satisfactory or improve.
Rendering performance figure is provided, and can to determine not have bulk material be best or have sufficient desired properties.For example, behind rendering performance figure, have two kinds of bulk materials, its performance is more needing a side of performance.Under this condition, if do not meet the bulk material of the specific needs with required interfacial potential value and the bulk material that desired properties is complementary in manufacturer's storehouse or catalogue, then manufacturer or third party can produce the bulk material with required interfacial potential value.Also can be to the performance and the mapping of interfacial potential value of various bulk materials, determine or decision " dessert " with this, in case determined " dessert ", then the manufacturer can check the storehouse or the catalogue of bulk material, see if there is bulk material and meet, the bulk material that does not have before the manufacturer also can produce to required " dessert ".A kind of replacement scheme is, along with the increase of one or more interfacial potential values or reduce, can improve the desired properties of composition.In this case, the bulk material that the better composition of performance contains is compared with the available bulk material of manufacturer has higher or lower interfacial potential value, and the manufacturer can produce the bulk material with higher or lower value.In order to realize purpose of the present invention, from the better viewpoint of performance at least one performance, the value of optimum value or optimal value or improvement comprises than the value that obtains on the consistance basis before the user and better being worth.
Can with the matrix of regulation such as user really the substitute of cutting agent or the definite preparation of user make performance map as the preparation relevant with chemistry.The manufacturer of bulk material or user or third party can realize that various bulk materials are in user's performance in the cutting agent really.For example, the manufacturer of bulk material can provide one group of bulk material that the interfacial potential value changes, and the user can estimate the performance among the figure of user's oneself the matrix of these bulk materials and structure.The manufacturer can use different matrix to go to find its performance map and user's the similar a kind of matrix of performance map.Can select other bulk materials to be tested with this performance map.
Can be to the polymkeric substance rendering performance figure of multiple matrix such as various chemical classes.By in specific user's preparation, drawing the performance map of bulk material, by determining preferred interfacial potential value, performance map can for the user really the cutting agent bulk material of special suggestion is provided.But, be reluctant to provide under the situation of definite pharmaceutical formulation to the bulk material manufacturer in preferred wideer the scope of one's knowledge or user, manufacturer or other people can develop and be provided for the performance map of wide region matrix or preparation such as tygon, polystyrene and thermoplastic polymer etc.When the user when bulk material is optimized in exploitation a kind of new product and hope as new prescription a part of, this more general performance map is desirable.This general performance map is specially adapted to standard matrix, as general standard polymers in various fields.For example, performance such as electric conductivity, dispersiveness or the color of various bulk materials in polystyrene, polyacrylate, polyurethane, tygon, hydrocarbon ils, printing-ink, silicone oil, silicon polymer can be used as the standard of selecting bulk material after construction.This general performance map is for the manufacturer and the user develops novel formulation and the existing preparation of optimization provides excellent relation and Knowledge Base.Similarly, as described above, performance map can be drawn for bulk material separately, also can draw in above-mentioned matrix.
When preparation has the bulk material of required interfacial potential value, people can utilize the known bulk material with known interface gesture value, how research prepares known specific bulk material, be provided as starting point with these, people can simulate one or more different parameters and go to regulate production technology, produce the required bulk material with required interfacial potential value.State-variable can comprise temperature, pressure, chemical composition, stoichiometry, reactor quenching length, quench air amount, raw material composition, primary fuel type, the type of downstream adjuvant and/or type, concentration and/or the amount of consumption or aftertreatment.For example, people can regulate following one or more parameters: the ratio of air and fuel; The percentage amounts of auxiliary air; The percentage amounts of air downstream; Quenching degree and/or quenching length; Segmentation adds fuel or raw material; The percentage amounts of oxygen; The dryer temperature; The percentage amounts of oxygen in dryer; The secondary air of raw material and use; The use of raw material and atomization method etc.Other examples comprise the air that is preheated to the primary combustion device; air ratio in the primary combustion device; whole ratios of air and whole raw materials; the consumption of potassium; raw material quality (comprising the raw material that contains rock gas); the type of gas or oil in the primary combustion device; the atomizing of quenching; the quality of quench water, the type of granulation (as wet granulation or non-slurry pelletizing), the type of adjuvant and consumption are (for example; join the adjuvant in the air-flow; at the quenching previous crops is gas adjuvant that adds and the adjuvant that adds granulating machine), add gas type and addition in the dryer, temperature and pressure (the particularly temperature and pressure in the dryer).Therefore, can regulate state-variable and the post-treatment condition that influence forms the particle condition.The example of aftertreatment comprises the chemical modification (for example, surface reaction and chemical attachment) of bulk material and uses adhesive agent (as surfactant and spreading agent).
In another embodiment of the invention, in front preparation have different interfacial potential values various bulk material the time described state-variable can with the interfacial potential value mapping that obtains.Therefore, this state-variable figure is knowing for realizing that the required interfacial potential value of required bulk material needs to be easy to obtain required interfacial potential value under which kind of state-variable condition of variation people.In addition, this state-variable figure makes people improve production technology by the combination of alternative condition or a plurality of conditions, improves productive capacity, required equipment investment or productive rate or cost or its combination when obtaining required interfacial potential value.
Be illustrated more clearly in the present invention below by embodiment, these embodiment are exemplary in itself.
Embodiment
The carbon black of standard class can obtain from how tame manufacturer.A kind of Q/C specification that is used for these standard classes is the DBP number.For dibutyl phthalate (DBP), the volume during peak torque is that the morphologic QA/QC of carbon black measures.
In the Brabender mixing roll, on six standard classes, measure the DBP value with having record moment of torsion data with the device of equipment.These data have been reported in the following table 2.Carbon black is by its DBP number ordering.
Volume when measuring another kind of liquid peak torque is an example of the QA/QC test of carbon black interfacial potential, can be used for the regulation bulk material.For this example, make water, 60/40 glycol/water mixtures (60 parts by volume ethylene glycol are to 40 parts by volume water), ethylene glycol and paraffin oil.Volume when also peak torque being shown in the table 2.These results show: the standard class sequence is to being different with which kind of liquid as the dependence of probe liquid.For example, have a look the data when making water, along with the increase of DBP number, interface potential value can increase or reduce.When these carbon blacks were used in the field that structure and interfacial potential all are key factors, properties of product may therefore and unexpectedly change.Therefore,, should comprise at least one interface potential value, particularly on the product requirement specification table in order to stipulate these bulk materials.
Table 2
| The sample title | Volume for 5 kinds of liquid during peak torque | ||||
| Water | 60% glycol | 100% glycol | DBP | Paraffin oil | |
| ASTM benchmark carbon black A6 | 205.5 | 152.6 | ?128.3 | 128.7 | 130.65 |
| ASTM benchmark | 238 | 142.3 | ?119.5 | 121.7 | 123.75 |
| ASTM benchmark carbon black C6 | 154.55 | 94.6 | ?74.9 | 80.4 | 83.05 |
| ASTM benchmark carbon black D6 | 122.2 | 81.5 | ?69.8 | 74.05 | 75.9 |
| ASTM benchmark carbon black E6 | 130.8 | 103.3 | ?88.9 | 95.25 | 98.1 |
| ASTM benchmark carbon black F6 | 227.3 | 156.2 | ?133.9 | 137.9 | 139.6 |
The manufacturer produces identical product usually in different production plants.Produce wherever, product must meet product specification.
Table 3 illustrates the data of the same levels carbon black that picks up from four production plants' productions.In this example, " % of maximum DBP " is the % of DBP value maximum in the table produced of the E of factory.The DBP number of volume when on the Brabender absorptiometer, measuring as peak torque with the device that can write down the moment of torsion data.Attention: the DBP number is (in peaked about 96% scope) much at one.The DBP value is the part of product description now, weighs with this standard, and all these samples all will be understood that it is identical (that is, in specification limit).
Volume when also measuring peak torque: ethylene glycol (EG), 60/40 glycol/water mixtures (60 parts by volume ethylene glycol are to 40 parts by volume water) and pure water with three kinds of other liquid.This is an example of interfacial potential performance test.
Table 3
| The sample title | Volume during peak torque | |||
| The % of maximum DBP | EG | 60％EG | Water | |
| The A of factory | 97 | 77.1 | 108.8 | 17.15 |
| The B of factory | 98.8 | 71.95 | 92.9 | 132.15 |
| The C of factory | 97.8 | 72.8 | 90 | 138.35 |
| The D of factory | 95.8 | 82.3 | 115.4 | 145.8 |
| The E of factory | 100 | 73.5 | 91.9 | 100.35 |
Shown in the data in the table 3, the volume that obtains with other liquid is different for different production plants.This explanation: the interfacial potential of these four kinds of samples is different, so product also is different.So, if comprise at least one these interface potential value, prescribed product better then.
Embodiment 3
The carbon black of embodiment 2 has low DBP value.Grade carbon black with higher DBP specification carries out similar test.Sample is from three production plants.Volume when measuring peak torque with DBP with the device with record moment of torsion data usefulness equipment equally in the Brabender absorptiometer, the result is expressed as the % of maximal value (F of factory).Volume when spent glycol (EG), 60/40 glycol/water mixtures (60 parts by volume ethylene glycol are to 40 parts by volume water) and pure water are also measured peak torque, the result who obtains also is shown in table 4.
Table 4
| The sample title | Volume during peak torque | |||
| The % of maximum DBP | EG | 60％EG | Water | |
| The F of factory | ?100 | 115.3 | 150.5 | 217.1 |
| The G of factory | ?98.3 | 114.0 | 141.5 | 183.95 |
| The H of factory | ?97.2 | 111.5 | 138.9 | 208.2 |
| The I of factory | ?97.5 | 114.1 | 139.6 | 226.75 |
Data presentation: when measuring interface potential value, the product hierarchy of different plant produced is different.Therefore, comprise that at least one interface potential value is to stipulating that these bulk materials are useful.
Modern production of carbon black factory can move under various process conditions, can also produce QA/QC value (analytical performance) as iodine number (I2 number), DBP number (DBPA), nitrogen surface area (N2SA), t-area (STSA) and tone product much at one.In the table 5 below, top several row show: weigh with standard QA/QC value, the carbon black of enumerating is all identical.But, when (being described in Morrison, I.D. with the Bartell method; Ross, S.Colloidal Dispersions:Suspensions, Emulssions, and Foams; Hohn Wiley ﹠amp; Sons:New York; 2002, among the pp210-212, be incorporated herein by reference herein) when the wicking rate that makes progress along the powder filler bed by various liquid is measured interfacial potential, can see very big difference.The unit of wicking rate is g
2/ s.
Table 5
| Analytical performance | |||||||||||
| The I2 number | 71 | 85.3 | 88 | 86.5 | 88.6 | 85.7 | 85.8 | 85.8 | 82.2 | 85.9 | 87.9 |
| DBPA | 108 | 106.9 | 108.2 | 106.5 | 108.1 | 104.9 | 104.4 | 105.9 | 104.5 | 102.9 | 107.8 |
| N2SA | 61.8 | 75.6 | 76 | 75.7 | 75.7 | 73.9 | 76.1 | 73.6 | 74.6 | 77 | |
| STSA | 61.4 | 74.7 | 71.7 | 72.2 | 69.6 | 69.4 | 72.8 | 70.3 | 70.1 | 71.3 | |
| Tone | 89.3 | 105.5 | 99.2 | 98 | 99.3 | 104 | 98.1 | 94.1 | 98.3 | 102.9 | 94.8 |
| Wicking rate | |||||||||||
| Water | 0.0005 | 0.0011 | 0.0011 | 0.0007 | 0.0009 | 0.0006 | 0.0007 | 0.0006 | 0.0006 | 0.0009 | 0.0010 |
| Formamide | 0.0044 | 0.0062 | 0.0049 | 0.0039 | 0.0063 | 0.0049 | 0.0054 | 0.0029 | 0.0025 | 0.0045 | 0.0050 |
| Ethylene glycol | 0.0023 | 0.0011 | 0.0012 | 0.0008 | 0.0016 | 0.0011 | 0.0016 | 0.0007 | 0.0004 | 0.0012 | 0.0015 |
| Naphthalene bromide | 0.0060 | 0.0023 | 0.0031 | 0.0017 | 0.0021 | 0.0017 | 0.0017 | 0.0017 | 0.0011 | 0.0020 | 0.0020 |
| Pentane | 0.0212 | 0.0046 | 0.0077 | 0.0029 | 0.0074 | 0.0091 | 0.0070 | 0.0038 | 0.0028 | 0.0049 | 0.0085 |
| Tetrahydrofuran | 0.0094 | 0.0055 | 0.0125 | 0.0047 | 0.0185 | 0.0065 | 0.0138 | 0.0062 | 0.0032 | 0.0090 | 0.0136 |
Therefore, though it is all identical to weigh these bulk materials with standard specification, their interfacial potential difference comprises that the method for the present invention of giving at least one interface potential value can distinguish them.
The embodiment of front uses an interfacial potential parameter from each test.But also can use the combination of multiple parameter.
Use absorptiometer (can be, Inc., 50E.Wesley St., South Hackensack, NJ 07606 is purchased) according to the program of describing among the ASTM test D-2414-01 from C.W.Brabender Instruments.With the constant speed buret dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is joined the carbon black sample that is arranged in mixing chamber.Torque sensor detects viscosity and flows from the semi plastic that free flowing powder is elevated to continuous material.When moment of torsion is closed absorptiometer and buret during by eigenvalue of maximum in the mode of guaranteeing to reach peak torque.The DBP volume of unit mass carbon black is recorded as DBP absorption number.Be used in the similar test of testing preceding precompressed carbon black and obtain CDBP value (ASTM D-3493).
Data are shown in table 6.Iodine number and nitrogen and STSA surface area values also are shown in the table 6.In table 6, these morphology value reportings are peaked %.Attention: based on shown in all values, especially for the value of normal fluid DBP, these materials can be thought identical.
Table 6
| Sample | The % (cc/100g) of 70% o'clock maximum DBP number | The % (cc/100g) of 70% o'clock maximum CDBP | The % (mg/g) of maximum iodine number | % (the m of maximum BET surface area 2/g) | % (the m of maximum STSA 2/g) |
| CB-A | 100 | 100 | 91.1 | 97.6 | 95.1 |
| CB-B | 99.2 | 96.4 | 95.6 | 95.1 | 92.7 |
| CB-C | 98.3 | 96.3 | 95.6 | 97.6 | 97.6 |
| CB-D | 99.2 | 94.0 | 97.8 | 100 | 100 |
| CB-E | 98.3 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 97.6 |
60/40 potpourri with paraffin oil, ethylene glycol, water, ethylene glycol and water similarly absorbs test procedure then.The results are shown in Fig. 1.As can be seen from Figure 1, the parameter value of testing in ethylene glycol is all different for each sample.Paraffin oil also is like this.When using 60/40 glycol/water mixtures (60 parts by volume ethylene glycol are to 40 parts by volume water) or only using pure water, can find that the identical carbon black sample of morphology has obvious separation.In addition, sample sequence (carbon black sample of the high low value of expression shown in Fig. 1) changes with the solvent that uses.Therefore, Fig. 1 illustrates: when with different liquid testing, the standard type test thinks that identical carbon black sample is but different mutually.Therefore, can stipulate carbon black with these values.Also can be used in combination these values.Comprise that the morphology value can provide better product description.
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 illustrate with the interfacial potential value of carbon black pellet and matrix and calculate the work of cohesion (Wc) of high density polyethylene and polyamide and the effect of bonding merit (Wa).Utilize the predetermined relationship between conductance and the carbon black loadings amount, can will make compound reach the needed amounts of carbon black of regulation resistivity with the interface performance prediction of combination.For example, in order to obtain 10 with 5% carbon in the compound
3The conductance of Ω/cm, the Wc-Wa value must be near 200.For the composition resistivity that keeps being provided with, increase the carbon black loadings amount and must reduce the Wc-Wa value.When carbon black pellet had more than one function, this coordinate figure was particularly useful.For example, cable coating needs specific resistivity and UV stability.Improve the carbon black loadings amount and can improve anti-UV performance, also can increase conductance in undesirable mode.Therefore, can be with the specific carbon black pellet of the Information Selection among Fig. 1 and 2 to satisfy the specification of UV and conductance.
Fig. 3 and 4 also illustrates the effect that is used for the carbon black in given field with the selection of interfacial potential value.Fig. 3 and 4 illustrates the predetermined relationship of high density polyethylene and polyamide respectively, utilizes these relations to select carbon black based on its interface performance, to reach required impact strength.For example, the relation among Fig. 3 illustrates: for the low-carbon (LC) load about 5% is issued to 25kJ/m
2Impact strength, carbon black pellet must have high Wc-Wa value.Equally, in polyamide polymer, there is similarly relation shown in Fig. 4.The coordinate of these types illustrates the interface performance of how to simulate carbon black, carrying out different loads in composite system, and can not sacrifice impact property too much.
Following Example illustrates with the interfacial potential value determines that bonding merit (Wa) is to select to be used for being dispersed in the effect of improving carbon black of compound.Test its color and dispersive property (that is: smoothness) in styrene-acrylonitrile based polyalcohol system with high color carbon black.Described in the picture following " General Description of Steps toEstablish Interfacial Potential Relationships ", measure the interfacial potential value of carbon black.At high temperature (be higher than 500 ℃) with sample thermal treatment schedule time again.Assess sample and measure the interfacial potential value in the styrene-acrylonitrile based polyalcohol then.Following table has gathered uses L
*, a
*And b
*The quality of colour of expression and with respect to the smoothness index of Wa.
Table 7 selects to be used for improving example at the carbon black pellet of polymer arts dispersive property with Wa
| Sample | L * | a * | b * | Smoothness index | Wa |
| Carbon black A | 4.136 | -0.212 | -1.28 | 2444 | 55.8 |
| Modified carbon black A | 3.562 | -0.243 | -1.147 | 1822 | 72.6 |
This example illustrates: in the time of in being dispersed in styrene-acrylonitrile based polyalcohol system, the Wa that improves between matrix and the carbon black based on the interfacial potential value can improve color development and smoothness.So just can use the method for the best carbon black of selecting performance improvement.
Embodiment 7: the summary of setting up the step of interfacial potential relation
This example is sketched the contours of the general property relationship of the conventional method of determining carbon black interfacial potential value and construction or the conventional method of performance map.Step described below is based on the general modfel that the interfacial potential value is set up property relationship, can not be limited to any special technique.
1,, measures the wicking rate (in the described example of Fig. 1-4,5-7 kind carbon black) altogether of 15 different probes for each carbon black
2, the interactional wicking rate of each solid-liquid is related with known scale (Hansen solubility parameter), with the interfacial potential component of known mathematical relation by known each carbon black of liquid gradation calculations.(this is similar with the mode described in the U.S. Provisional Patent Application of quoting previously)
3, measure the interface performance of the matrix/medium that contacts with carbon black with known interfacial potential value scale
4, with the interaction of known matrix interface gesture value and carbon black interfacial potential value count particles-medium of calculating.Determine carbon black pellet and use bonding merit between the matrix with this.
5, in mineral oil, measure the yield point of each carbon black with constant volume ratio.
6, interact based on known carbon black physical property (surface area, density, aggregation size) count particles-particle, determine work of cohesion between the carbon black pellet with this.
7, with conductance or the impact strength functional form of determining Wc and Wa of known performance shown in the embodiment that is provided, determine the optimum performance that carbon black pellet is required with this.
Measure the interface performance value based on Hansen solubility parameter scale.Mensuration is used in the interfacial potential value based on Hansen solubility parameter scale of the carbon black in the plastics composite.On bed, measure the wicking rate (2/ time of quality) of 11 kinds of liquid: hexadecane, nonane, acetonitrile, aniline, benzaldehyde, cyclohexanol, o-dichlorobenzene, ethylene glycol, formamide, adjacent nitro-anisol and propylene carbonate with each filling in seven kinds of carbon blacks.For all test liquids, each carbon black all is filled into same density.The data and the cell size of wicking rate have been provided in the table 8.
Table 8 wicking rate (g
2/ s) and cell size
| Sample | 568 | 561 | 560 | 481 | 562 | 467 | 555 | 502 | 502 | 505 |
| Quality (g) | 0.5570 | 1.3752 | 1.0802 | 1.1315 | 1.3206 | 0.4318 | 0.4253 | 1.1192 | 1.2883 | 1.1183 |
| Volume (cm 3) | 1.859 | 1.757 | 1.661 | 1.88 | 1.978 | 1.664 | 1.859 | 1.781 | 2.05 | 1.664 |
| Length (mm) | 23.04 | 14.86 | 15.4 | 16.91 | 17.94 | 14.81 | 23.04 | 15.78 | 18.14 | 14.81 |
| Area (m 2/gm) | 1.64E+03 | 3.58E+01 | 5.67E+01 | 2.29E+02 | 6.41E+01 | 9.45E+02 | 1.35E+03 | 5.21E+01 | 5.21E+01 | 1.17E+02 |
| Hexadecane | 6.31E-05 | 1.53E-04 | 1.75E-04 | 1.24E-04 | 1.32E-04 | 1.74E-04 | 7.34E-05 | 1.35E-04 | 1.27E-04 | |
| Nonane | 2.38E-04 | 4.95E-04 | 6.12E-04 | 4.36E-04 | 4.35E-04 | 6.22E-04 | 2.47E-04 | 5.13E-04 | 4.31E-04 | |
| Acetonitrile | 1.15E-04 | 1.58E-03 | 1.85E-03 | 1.57E-03 | 9.07E-04 | 1.37E-03 | 9.01E-04 | 1.44E-03 | 1.30E-03 | |
| Benzaldehyde | 1.15E-04 | 5.66E-04 | 8.85E-04 | 8.51E-04 | 5.87E-04 | 8.74E-04 | 3.47E-04 | 6.29E-04 | 7.19E-04 | |
| Naphthalene bromide | 1.15E-04 | 3.29E-04 | 3.72E-04 | 5.32E-04 | 3.69E-04 | 3.73E-04 | 1.87E-04 | 3.38E-04 | 2.87E-04 | |
| Cyclohexanol | 1.68E-05 | 1.79E-05 | 2.02E-05 | 1.80E-05 | 2.32E-05 | 2.55E-05 | 4.21E-05 | 1.73E-05 | 1.75E-05 | |
| Dichloro-benzenes | 3.45E-04 | 1.06E-03 | 1.22E-03 | 1.16E-03 | 1.06E-03 | 1.47E-03 | 5.01E-04 | 1.14E-03 | 9.99E-04 | |
| Ethylene glycol | 5.62E-05 | 7.93E-05 | 9.37E-05 | 1.12E-04 | 1.41E-04 | 9.91E-05 | 8.76E-05 | 1.01E-04 | 8.11E-05 | |
| Formamide | 3.40E-04 | 3.80E-04 | 4.33E-04 | 6.06E-04 | 4.90E-04 | 6.31E-04 | 3.12E-04 | 4.32E-04 | 3.73E-04 | |
| Nitro-anisol | 9.95E-05 | 2.54E-04 | 3.25E-04 | 4.06E-04 | 2.84E-04 | 3.32E-04 | 1.96E-04 | 2.75E-04 | 2.49E-04 | |
| Propylene carbonate | 3.81E-04 | 5.06E-04 | 7.98E-04 | 6.64E-04 | 4.74E-04 | 6.75E-04 | 4.72E-04 | 7.61E-04 | 6.60E-04 |
Washburn formula with following form calculates the liquid of each wicking rate and the bonding merit W between the powder
Lp Adh:
Wherein, m/t
2Be wicking rate, Vc is the volume of packed bed, m
pBe the quality of particle in the packed bed, ρ
pBe particle density, ∑ is the specific surface area of powder, and Lc is the length of post, ρ
lBe fluid density, η is a liquid viscosity, σ
lIt is the surface tension of liquid.
In plastics industry, predict plastics compatibility each other and the solubleness in all kinds of solvents thereof with the Hansen solubility parameter.Provide the Hansen solubility parameter of various wicking liquids in the table 9.
The Hansen solubility parameter of table 9 liquid
| Solvent | S d | S p | S H |
| Hexadecane | 16.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Nonane | 15.7 | 0 | 0 |
| Acetonitrile | 15.3 | 18 | 6.1 |
| Benzaldehyde | 19.4 | 7.4 | 5.3 |
| Naphthalene bromide | 20.3 | 3.1 | 4.1 |
| Cyclohexanol | 17.4 | 4.1 | 13 |
| O-dichlorobenzene | 19.2 | 6.3 | 3.3 |
| Ethylene glycol | 17 | 11 | 26 |
| Formamide | 17.2 | 26 | 19 |
| Adjacent nitro-anisol | 19.1 | 9.4 | 6.1 |
| Propylene | 20 | 18 | 4.1 |
The bonding merit is measuring of powder and matrix phase capacitive.Can be with the Hansen solubility parameter by the bonding merit between following formula calculating solid and the liquid:
Wherein, S
P d, S
P pAnd S
P HIt is the corresponding Hansen parameter of powder.The interfacial potential value that three constants of these groups are powder.For each carbon black, find one group of interfacial potential value corresponding to Hansen solubleness scale by the least square fitting of bonding merit of measuring and known liquid solubility parameter.The results are shown in table 10.Attention: the interfacial potential value of each powder has three components.
Table 10 interfacial potential value-Hansen solubility parameter scale
| Sample number | S d | S p | S H |
| 568 | 159 | 0.001 | 173 |
| 561 | 54 | 1.6 | 23 |
| 560 | 63 | 1.8 | 25 |
| 481 | 109 | 4.0 | 109 |
| 562 | 57 | 0 | 56 |
| 467 | 128 | 0.006 | 97 |
| 555 | 116 | 1.1 | 130 |
| 502 | 51 | 1.1 | 28 |
| 505 | 78 | 0.69 | 47 |
Embodiment 9
On the Hildebrand scale, determine the interfacial potential value.Also seven kinds of industrial carbon blacks that are used in equally in the plastic formulation among the embodiment 7 are measured based on Hildebrand bound of parameter face gesture value.Provide the Hildebrand parameter that is used in 9 kinds of liquid among the embodiment 8 in the table 11.
The Hildebrand parameter of table 11 liquid
| Solvent | δ l |
| Nonane | 15.6 |
| Acetonitrile | 24.3 |
| Benzaldehyde | 21.1 |
| Naphthalene bromide | 19.2 |
| Cyclohexanol | 21.7 |
| O-dichlorobenzene | 20.5 |
| Ethylene glycol | 29.9 |
| Formamide | 39.3 |
| Propylene | 27.2 |
Usually also in plastics industry, use Hildebrand parameter prediction plastics compatibility each other and the solubleness in all kinds of solvents thereof.Can be with the Hildebrand parameter by the bonding merit between following formula calculating solid and the liquid:
Wherein, δ
pAnd δ
lIt is respectively the Hildebrand parameter of powder and liquid.
For each carbon black, find interfacial potential value corresponding to Hildebrand parameter scale by the least square fitting of bonding merit of measuring and known liquid Hildebrand parameter.The results are shown in table 11.Attention: the interfacial potential value of each powder has one-component.
Table 11 interfacial potential value-Hildebrand parameter
| Sample | δ p |
| 568 | 341 |
| 561 | 93 |
| 560 | 107 |
| 481 | 248 |
| 562 | 113 |
| 467 | 231 |
| 555 | 244 |
| 502 | 94 |
| 505 | 142 |
Determine the interfacial potential value based on Ab Initio scale: the bonding merit also can be based on one group of parameter of liquid and powder independently.Formula used herein is similar to formula [2], and each liquid and carbon black all have three parameters:
Wherein, S
P 1, S
P 2And S
P 3Be three parameters of powder, S
l 1, S
l 2And S
l 3Be three parameters of each liquid.Can find these parameters by making minimizing of whole group data square.This can carry out with carbon black in the table 12 and liquid.Select liquid parameter, make surface tension parameter and that equal liquid.
For nonane and hexadecane, second and the 3rd component all is taken as zero.The parameter of the carbon black that obtains is shown in table 12.Provide the value of corresponding liquid in the table 13.
Table 12 interfacial potential value-Ab Initio scale
| Sample number | S 1 | S 2 | S 3 |
| 568 | 49.0 | 175.0 | 4.7 |
| 561 | 10.4 | 7.1 | 8.0 |
| 560 | 12.2 | 7.8 | 9.1 |
| 481 | 23.3 | 22.4 | 24.9 |
| 562 | 11.1 | 12.7 | 8.4 |
| 467 | 25.9 | 22.6 | 14.9 |
| 555 | 24.1 | 136.2 | 16.1 |
| 502 | 10.2 | 7.0 | 7.7 |
| 505 | 16.1 | 12.4 | 11.5 |
Table 13 solvent parameter-Ab Initio scale
| Solvent | S 1 | S 2 | S 3 |
| Hexadecane | 27.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Nonane | 22.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Acetonitrile | 1.0 | 0.0 | 27.2 |
| Benzaldehyde | 4.4 | 0.0 | 34.8 |
| Naphthalene bromide | 3.5 | 0.3 | 40.8 |
| Cyclohexanol | 4.5 | 29.5 | 0.0 |
| Ethylene glycol | 4.5 | 23.7 | 19.8 |
| Formamide | 49.3 | 3.1 | 5.8 |
| Adjacent nitro-anisol | 4.5 | 1.9 | 39.6 |
| Propylene | 39.0 | 1.4 | 1.0 |
Embodiment 11
Be how to regulate state-variable to produce the interface potential value difference but an example of the similar carbon black of morphology value below.
With being similar to the three kinds of carbon blacks of stove formula reactor made (CB-6A, CB-6B and CB-6C) shown in the United States Patent (USP) 5456750.Following table 14 illustrates concrete reactor condition: ℃
Table 14
| Condition | CB-6A | CB-6B | CB-6C |
| Burner air speed (nm 3/h) | 5976 | 5976 | 5976 |
| Burner gas speed (nm 3/h) | 305 | 305 | 305 |
| Reactor feedstocks speed (kg/h) | 2209 | 2225 | 2207 |
| Tangential air (the nm of supply response device 3/h) | 724 | 724 | 724 |
| Preheated air (℃) | 510 | 510 | 510 |
| Preheating material (℃) | 173 | 173 | 173 |
| K in the raw material +Concentration (gm/1000kg) | 8.1 | 7.5 | 2.8 |
| Reactor quenching length (ft) | 17 | 22.5 | 33.5 |
As can be seen from Table 14, for these carbon blacks, the initial conditions of reactor is similar, and quenching length is increased to 33.5ft from 17ft.In addition, in order to keep similar DBPA value, the potassium concn in the raw material reduces with the increase of quenching length.Table 15 illustrates the morphology value (surface area and structure) of each carbon black and interface potential value (wicking rate of two kinds of liquid-ethylene glycol and naphthalene bromide, gm
2/ sec).The ratio that also comprises the wicking rate of two kinds of measurements in the table 15.
Table 15
| Performance | CB-6A | CB-6B | CB-6C |
| The N of loose black 2Surface area (m 3/gm) | 76 | 74 | 76 |
| The DBPA of loose black (cc/100gm) | 107 | 107 | 108 |
| Ethylene glycol | 0.00142 | 0.00119 | 0.00150 |
| Naphthalene bromide | 0.00162 | 0.00129 | 0.00143 |
| Ethylene glycol/naphthalene bromide | 0.874 | 0.921 | 1.046 |
As can be seen from Table 15, for these three kinds of carbon blacks, nitrogen surface area and DBPA value are all very similar.Therefore, if only use these to measure, can think that then these three kinds of carbon blacks are similar.But,, know very that then these carbon blacks have very large difference if use measuring of interfacial potential.
Quenching length shown in the table 15 is shown in Fig. 5 to the influence of wicking rate ratio.This illustrates the relation between state-variable and the interface potential value.
Following Example illustrates for the rubber composition that comprises rubber and carbon black with the interface potential value of absorptionmetric determination and the relation between the coking degree.
Table 16 has been listed the assay value of five kinds of different carbon black sample that prepare under different condition slightly.The peak torque that in absorptiometer, forms with the method described in the embodiment 5 that is similar to and the volume of the propylene carbonate when this moment of torsion have also been listed in this table.This table has also been listed each the coking value in these five kinds of carbon blacks.Measure coking value with the method described in the ASTM D-1646.
Table 16
| ID | SBR coking T5 | Iodine number (mg/g) | 70% o'clock DBP (cc/100g) | BET surface area (m 2/g) | STSA (m 2/g) | The intermediate value aggregate particle size that DCP measures | The δ D50 aggregate particle size that DCP measures | The volume of propylene carbonate during peak torque | The peak torque of propylene carbonate |
| CB-1 | 14.8 | 84 | 74 | 77 | 76 | 87 | 62 | 88.2 | 6372.5 |
| CB-2 | 13.4 | 80 | 75 | 77 | 76 | 86 | 64 | 78.75 | 8561 |
| CB-3 | 14.5 | 80 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 85 | 57 | 77.1 | 8264.5 |
| CB-4 | 14.1 | 80 | 74 | 74 | 73 | 90 | 66 | 91.35 | 5759.5 |
| CB-5 | 16.5 | 77 | 75 | 74 | 73 | 91 | 71 | 81.55 | 5931.5 |
These results show: though that these 5 kinds of carbon blacks are seen according to their morphology value is closely similar, see that according to measuring of interfacial potential they are different.These data also are shown in Fig. 6, the relation between the volume when this illustrates coking value to peak torque and peak torque.
Consider instructions of the present invention disclosed herein and practice of the present invention, other embodiments of the present invention to those skilled in the art are conspicuous.Instructions of the present invention and embodiment can only think exemplary, and protection domain that the present invention is real and spirit are represented by following claims and equivalent thereof.
Claims (134)
1, a kind of is the method that comprises the composition selection candidate bulk material of bulk material and matrix, and wherein, this method comprises the step of selecting candidate's bulk material based on the predetermined relationship between the following factor:
A) at least one performance of composition and
B) 1) at least one homogeneous phase interaction parameter of bulk material, or
B) 2) at least one heterogeneous interaction parameter of at least one homogeneous phase interaction parameter of bulk material and bulk material and matrix.
2, according to the process of claim 1 wherein, the homogeneous phase interaction parameter of bulk material comprises at least one interface potential value, at least one value of being derived by interface potential value, at least one component or its combination of interface potential value.
3, according to the method for claim 2, wherein, the heterogeneous interaction parameter of bulk material and matrix comprises at least one interface potential value, at least one value of being derived by interface potential value, at least one component or its combination of interface potential value.
4, according to the process of claim 1 wherein, candidate's bulk material of selection has the value that makes composition reach the interface potential value of target capabilities value, be derived by interface potential value, component or its combination of interface potential value.
5, according to the process of claim 1 wherein also comprise determine A) and B) between the step of relation.
6, according to the process of claim 1 wherein that bulk material is a carbonaceous material.
7, according to the process of claim 1 wherein that bulk material is a carbon black.
8, according to the process of claim 1 wherein that bulk material is a metal oxide.
9, according to the process of claim 1 wherein that bulk material is a fumed silica.
10, according to the process of claim 1 wherein that matrix comprises at least a polymkeric substance, solvent, colorant, surfactant, other bulk materials or its composition.
11, according to the process of claim 1 wherein that matrix is polymkeric substance.
12, according to the process of claim 1 wherein that matrix is solvent.
13, according to the method for claim 3, wherein, the interface potential value of bulk material and/or matrix, the value of being derived by interface potential value, component or its combination of interface potential value are measured with absorption measuring method.
14, according to the method for claim 13, wherein, absorption measuring method uses the liquid except that DBP or paraffin oil.
15, according to the method for claim 14, wherein, absorption measuring method uses propylene carbonate, water, ethylene glycol or its potpourri.
16, according to the method for claim 3, wherein, the interface potential value of bulk material and/or matrix, the value of being derived by interface potential value, component or its combination of interface potential value are measured with the wicking rate method.
17, according to the method for claim 16, wherein, the wicking rate method is used nonane, hexadecane, isoalkane, ethylene glycol, formamide, naphthalene bromide, acetonitrile, benzaldehyde, propylene carbonate, aniline, cyclohexanol, nitro-anisol, dichloro-benzenes, water or its potpourri.
18, according to the method for claim 3, the interface potential value of bulk material and/or matrix, the value of being derived by interface potential value, component or its combination of interface potential value are measured with the yield point method.
19, according to the method for claim 18, wherein, the yield point method is used hydrocarbon.
20, according to the method for claim 19, wherein, hydrocarbon is paraffin oil, hexadecane, nonane or its potpourri.
21, according to the method for claim 3, wherein, the interface potential value of bulk material and/or matrix, the value of being derived by interface potential value, component or its combination of interface potential value are measured with the interfacial potential vapor adsorption process.
22, according to the method for claim 21, wherein, the interfacial potential vapor adsorption process uses pentane, nonane, acetonitrile, methylene chloride, water or its potpourri.
23, according to the method for claim 3, wherein, the interface potential value of bulk material and/or matrix, the value of being derived by interface potential value, component or its combination of interface potential value are measured with the IGC method.
24, according to the method for claim 23, wherein, the IGC method is used butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, tetrahydrofuran, acetone, ethyl acetate, ether, chloroform, acetonitrile or its potpourri.
25, according to the process of claim 1 wherein that performance is conductance, dispersiveness, impact strength, color, reinforcement, powder flowbility, electrification by friction and rheology.
26, according to the process of claim 1 wherein, relation is poor between the bonding merit of the work of cohesion of bulk material and bulk material and matrix.
27, according to the process of claim 1 wherein, this method also comprises the step of selecting candidate's bulk material based at least one morphology value.
28, according to the process of claim 1 wherein, this method also comprises the step of selecting candidate's bulk material based at least one chemical score.
29, according to the method for claim 3, the value, the component of interface potential value or the step of its combination that also comprise the interface potential value of determining matrix, derive by interface potential value.
30, according to the method for claim 29, wherein, the step of determining the component of the interface potential value of matrix, the value of deriving by interface potential value, interface potential value or its combination comprise determine to comprise matrix and have predetermined interface potential value, the performance of the composition of at least a probe bulk material of the component of the value of deriving by interface potential value, interface potential value or its combination.
31, according to the method for claim 3, wherein, matrix has predetermined interface potential value, the value of being derived by interface potential value, component or its combination of interface potential value.
32,, also comprise value, the component of interface potential value or the step that substitutes matrix of its combination determining to have predetermined interface potential value, derive by interface potential value according to the method for claim 3.
33,, also comprise the step of selecting candidate's bulk material based on the predetermined relationship between the following factor according to the method for claim 32:
A) comprise the composition that substitutes matrix and bulk material at least one performance and
B) and combination ii) i below):
I) at least one component of at least one interface potential value of bulk material, at least one value of deriving by interface potential value, interface potential value or its combination and
At least one value that ii) substitutes at least one interface potential value of matrix, derives by interface potential value, at least one component or its combination of interface potential value.
34,, also comprise and determine A according to the method for claim 33) and B) between the step of relation.
35, a kind of is the method that comprises the composition selection candidate bulk material of bulk material and matrix, and wherein, this method comprises the step of selecting candidate's bulk material based on the predetermined relationship between the following factor:
A) comprise bulk material and substitute matrix composition at least one performance and
B) 1) at least one homogeneous phase interaction parameter of bulk material, or
B) 2) at least one heterogeneous interaction parameter of at least one homogeneous phase interaction parameter of bulk material and bulk material and matrix.
36, according to the method for claim 35, wherein, the homogeneous phase interaction parameter of bulk material comprises at least one interface potential value, at least one value of being derived by interface potential value, at least one component or its combination of interface potential value.
37, according to the method for claim 36, wherein, the heterogeneous interaction parameter of bulk material and matrix can comprise at least one interface potential value, at least one value of deriving by interface potential value, at least one component or its combination of interface potential value.
38,, also comprise and determine A according to the method for claim 35) and B) between the step of relation.
39, according to the method for claim 3, the value, the component of interface potential value or the step of its combination that also comprise the interface potential value of determining bulk material, derive by interface potential value.
40, according to the method for claim 29, the value, the component of interface potential value or the step of its combination that also comprise the interface potential value of determining bulk material, derive by interface potential value.
41, a kind of for the composition that comprises bulk material and matrix provides the method for candidate's bulk material, wherein, this method comprises the steps:
A) for the user provides at least a probe bulk material, this material has predetermined interface potential value, the value of being derived by interface potential value, component or its combination of interface potential value;
B) select candidate's bulk material based on the predetermined relationship between the following factor:
A) at least one performance of composition and
B) 1) at least one homogeneous phase interaction parameter of bulk material, or
B) 2) at least one heterogeneous interaction parameter of at least one homogeneous phase interaction parameter of bulk material and bulk material and matrix; With
C) for providing, the user selects candidate's bulk material.
42, according to the method for claim 41, wherein, the homogeneous phase interaction parameter of bulk material comprises at least one interface potential value, at least one value of being derived by interface potential value, at least one component or its combination of interface potential value.
43, according to the method for claim 42, wherein, the heterogeneous interaction parameter of bulk material and matrix can comprise at least one interface potential value, at least one value of deriving by interface potential value, at least one component or its combination of interface potential value.
44, according to the method for claim 41, wherein, candidate's bulk material of selection has the value that makes composition reach the interface potential value of target capabilities value, be derived by interface potential value, component or its combination of interface potential value.
45,, also comprise and determining a) and b according to the method for claim 41) between the step of relation.
46, a kind of composition that comprises bulk material and matrix, wherein, said composition has at least one performance relevant with the combination of following factor:
A) at least one homogeneous phase interaction parameter of bulk material, or
B) at least one heterogeneous interaction parameter of at least one homogeneous phase interaction parameter of bulk material and bulk material and matrix.
47, according to the composition of claim 46, wherein, the homogeneous phase interaction parameter of bulk material comprises at least one interface potential value, at least one value of being derived by interface potential value, at least one component or its combination of interface potential value.
48, according to the composition of claim 47, wherein, the heterogeneous interaction parameter of bulk material and matrix can comprise at least one interface potential value, at least one value of deriving by interface potential value, at least one component or its combination of interface potential value.
49, according to the composition of claim 46, wherein, performance is conductance, dispersiveness, impact strength, color, reinforcement, powder flowbility, electrification by friction and rheology.
50, according to the composition of claim 46, wherein, the difference correlation between performance and work of cohesion and the bonding merit.
51, a kind of method of giving performance, comprise step with bulk material and substrate combination, wherein, bulk material and matrix have the value of deriving with performance-relevant at least one interface potential value, by interface potential value, component or its combination of interface potential value.
52, according to the method for claim 51, wherein, performance is conductance, dispersiveness, impact strength, color, reinforcement, powder flowbility, electrification by friction and rheology.
53, according to the method for claim 51, wherein, the difference correlation between performance and work of cohesion and the bonding merit.
54, according to the method for claim 4, wherein, candidate's bulk material is lower than second candidate's bulk material price, wherein, candidate's bulk material and second candidate's bulk material have similar interface potential value, the value of being derived by interface potential value, component or its combination of interface potential value, can make composition have the similar target performance number.
55, according to the method for claim 54, wherein, candidate's bulk material is than the low 1%-50% of price of second candidate's bulk material.
56, a kind of is the method that comprises the composition selection candidate matrix of bulk material and matrix, and wherein, this method comprises the step of selecting candidate's matrix based on the predetermined relationship between the following factor:
A) at least one performance of composition and
B) 1) at least one homogeneous phase interaction parameter of bulk material, or
B) 2) at least one heterogeneous interaction parameter of at least one homogeneous phase interaction parameter of bulk material and bulk material and matrix.
57, according to the method for claim 56, wherein, the homogeneous phase interaction parameter of bulk material comprises at least one interface potential value, at least one value of being derived by interface potential value, at least one component or its combination of interface potential value.
58, according to the method for claim 57, wherein, the heterogeneous interaction parameter of bulk material and matrix comprises at least one interface potential value, at least one value of being derived by interface potential value, at least one component or its combination of interface potential value.
59, according to the method for claim 56, wherein, candidate's matrix of selection has the value that makes composition reach the interface potential value of target capabilities value, be derived by interface potential value, component or its combination of interface potential value.
60,, also comprise and determine A according to the method for claim 56) and B) between the step of relation.
61, a kind of method of developing new or the bulk material that improves, wherein, this method comprises the step that obtains at least one tendentiousness between the following factor and/or functional relationship:
A) at least one performance of two or more compositions, each described composition all comprise matrix and bulk material and
B) 1) at least one homogeneous phase interaction parameter of bulk material, or
B) 2) at least one heterogeneous interaction parameter of at least one homogeneous phase interaction parameter of bulk material and bulk material and matrix.
62, according to the method for claim 61, wherein, the homogeneous phase interaction parameter of the bulk material of each described composition comprise at least one interface potential value, at least one value of deriving by interface potential value, at least one component or its combination of interface potential value.
63, according to the method for claim 62, wherein, the heterogeneous interaction parameter of the bulk material of each described composition and matrix can comprise at least one interface potential value, at least one value of deriving by interface potential value, at least one component or its combination of interface potential value.
64,, comprise that also utilizing described tendentiousness and/or functional relationship is at least one value, at least one component of interface potential value or the step of its combination that described bulk material new or that improve is discerned at least one interface potential value, derived by interface potential value according to the method for claim 61.
65, according to the method for claim 64, the value, the component of interface potential value or the step of its combination that also comprise the interface potential value that described bulk material new or that improve had indicate, derive by interface potential value.
66,, also comprise the step of the bulk material described new or that improve of the component of the value from the catalogue of existing bulk material, selecting to have the interface potential value indicated, derive by interface potential value, interface potential value or its combination according to the method for claim 64.
67, according to the method for claim 61, wherein, B) 2) be based on more than one matrix.
68, according to the method for claim 63, wherein, value, the component of interface potential value or the number of its combination that the number of bulk material is derived more than or equal to the interface potential value of bulk material, by interface potential value.
69, according to the method for claim 61, wherein, the form that described tendentiousness and/or functional relationship provide is figure, formula, chart, raw data, algorithm or its combination.
70, according to the method for claim 64, wherein, discern described bulk material new or that improve based on the performance of comparing at least one improvement with existing other bulk materials.
71, according to the method for claim 64, wherein, discern described bulk material new or that improve based on the price of comparing described bulk material with existing other bulk materials.
72,, in obtaining described tendentiousness and/or functional relation, also comprise the step of at least one morphology value of utilizing bulk material according to the method for claim 61.
73, according to the method for claim 61, wherein, described matrix is specific user's preparation or its substitute.
74, according to the method for claim 61, wherein, matrix comprises at least a polymkeric substance, solvent, colorant, surfactant, other bulk materials or its composition.
75, according to the method for claim 61, wherein, described matrix is polymkeric substance.
76, according to the method for claim 61, wherein, described matrix is solvent.
77, according to the method for claim 61, wherein, tendentiousness and/or functional relationship also comprise at least one performance of matrix.
78, a kind ofly develop the method for compositions that comprises matrix and bulk material new or that improve, wherein, this method comprises the step that obtains at least one tendentiousness between the following factor and/or functional relationship:
A) at least one performance of two or more compositions, each described composition all comprise matrix and bulk material and
B) 1) at least one homogeneous phase interaction parameter of bulk material, or
B) 2) at least one heterogeneous interaction parameter of at least one homogeneous phase interaction parameter of bulk material and bulk material and matrix.
79, according to the method for claim 78, wherein, the homogeneous phase interaction parameter of the bulk material of each described composition comprise at least one interface potential value, at least one value of deriving by interface potential value, at least one component or its combination of interface potential value.
80, according to the method for claim 79, wherein, the heterogeneous interaction parameter of the bulk material of each described composition and matrix can comprise at least one interface potential value, at least one value of deriving by interface potential value, at least one component or its combination of interface potential value.
81,, comprise that also utilizing described tendentiousness and/or functional relationship is the step of described bulk material identification new or that improve according to the method for claim 78.
82, according to the method for claim 78, wherein, tendentiousness and/or functional relationship also comprise at least one performance of matrix.
83, a kind of performance map, it comprises:
A) comprise matrix and bulk material composition at least one performance and
B) 1) at least one homogeneous phase interaction parameter of bulk material, or
B) 2) at least one heterogeneous interaction parameter of at least one homogeneous phase interaction parameter of bulk material and bulk material and matrix.
84,3 performance map according to Claim 8, wherein, the homogeneous phase interaction parameter of bulk material comprises at least one interface potential value, at least one value of being derived by interface potential value, at least one component or its combination of interface potential value.
85,4 method according to Claim 8, wherein, the heterogeneous interaction parameter of bulk material and matrix comprises at least one interface potential value, at least one value of being derived by interface potential value, at least one component or its combination of interface potential value.
86,3 performance map according to Claim 8, wherein, described performance map shows A) and B) between at least one tendentiousness and/or functional relationship.
87,3 performance map according to Claim 8, wherein, utilizing described performance map is bulk material new or that improve at least one value of discerning at least one interface potential value, being derived by interface potential value, at least one component or its combination of interface potential value.
88,3 performance map according to Claim 8, wherein, described matrix is specific user's preparation or its substitute.
89,3 performance map according to Claim 8, wherein, matrix comprises at least a polymkeric substance, solvent, colorant, surfactant, other bulk materials or its composition.
90,3 performance map according to Claim 8, wherein, described matrix is polymkeric substance.
91,3 performance map according to Claim 8, wherein, described matrix is solvent.
92, the method for a kind of rendering performance figure is included in the step that compares between the following factor:
A) comprise matrix and bulk material composition at least one performance and
B) 1) at least one homogeneous phase interaction parameter of bulk material, or
B) 2) at least one heterogeneous interaction parameter of at least one homogeneous phase interaction parameter of bulk material and bulk material and matrix.
93, according to the method for the rendering performance figure of claim 92, wherein, the homogeneous phase interaction parameter of bulk material comprise at least one interface potential value, at least one value of deriving by interface potential value, at least one component or its combination of interface potential value.
94, according to the method for the rendering performance figure of claim 93, wherein, the heterogeneous interaction parameter of bulk material and matrix can comprise at least one interface potential value, at least one value of deriving by interface potential value, at least one component or its combination of interface potential value.
95, a kind of artwork, it comprises:
A) at least one component of at least one interface potential value of bulk material, at least one value of deriving by interface potential value, interface potential value or its combination and
B) at least one state-variable of the method for the described bulk material of preparation.
96, according to the artwork of claim 95, wherein, described artwork shows A) and B) between at least one tendentiousness and/or functional relationship.
97, according to the artwork of claim 95, wherein, utilizing described artwork is bulk material new or that improve at least one value of discerning at least one interface potential value, being derived by interface potential value, at least one component or its combination of interface potential value.
98, according to the artwork of claim 95, wherein, described state-variable is temperature, pressure, chemical composition, the residence time, stoichiometry, reactor quenching length, quench air amount, raw material composition, primary fuel type, the type of downstream adjuvant and/or type, concentration and/or the amount of consumption or aftertreatment.
99, according to the artwork of claim 98, wherein, the type of described aftertreatment is chemical modification or adds adhesive agent.
100, according to the artwork of claim 99, wherein, described adhesive agent is surfactant or spreading agent.
101, the method for a kind of draw craft figure is included in the step that compares between the following factor:
A) at least one component of at least one interface potential value of bulk material, at least one value of deriving by interface potential value, interface potential value or its combination and
B) at least one state-variable of the method for the described bulk material of preparation.
102, according to the method for the draw craft figure of claim 101, wherein, described state-variable is temperature, pressure, chemical composition, the residence time, stoichiometry, reactor quenching length, quench air amount, raw material composition, primary fuel type, the type of downstream adjuvant and/or type, concentration and/or the amount of consumption or aftertreatment.
103, according to the method for the draw craft figure of claim 102, wherein, the type of described aftertreatment is chemical modification or adds adhesive agent.
104, according to the method for the draw craft figure of claim 103, wherein, described adhesive agent is surfactant or spreading agent.
105, according to the method for the draw craft figure of claim 101, also comprise the step of the method for utilizing draw craft figure, it is included in the step that compares between the following factor:
A) comprise matrix and bulk material composition at least one performance and
B) 1) at least one homogeneous phase interaction parameter of bulk material, or
B) 2) at least one heterogeneous interaction parameter of at least one homogeneous phase interaction parameter of bulk material and bulk material and matrix.
106, a kind of method of developing bulk material new or that improve, this method comprises the step of the performance map of utilizing claim 83.
107, a kind of method of developing bulk material new or that improve, this method comprises the step of the artwork that utilizes claim 95.
108, according to the method for claim 106, also comprise the step of utilizing artwork, this artwork comprises:
A) at least one component of at least one interface potential value of bulk material, at least one value of deriving by interface potential value, interface potential value or its combination and
B) at least one state-variable of the method for the described bulk material of preparation.
109, according to the method for claim 65, wherein, the step for preparing described bulk material new or that improve has been utilized artwork, and this artwork comprises:
A) at least one component of at least one interface potential value of bulk material, at least one value of deriving by interface potential value, interface potential value or its combination and
B) at least one state-variable of the method for the described bulk material of preparation.
110, according to the method for claim 61, wherein, bulk material is a carbonaceous material.
111, according to the method for claim 61, wherein, bulk material is a carbon black.
112, according to the method for claim 61, wherein, bulk material is a metal oxide.
113, according to the method for claim 61, wherein, bulk material is a fumed silica.
114,3 performance map according to Claim 8, wherein, bulk material is a carbonaceous material.
115,3 performance map according to Claim 8, wherein, bulk material is a carbon black.
116,3 performance map according to Claim 8, wherein, bulk material is a metal oxide.
117,3 performance map according to Claim 8, wherein, bulk material is a fumed silica.
118, according to the artwork of claim 95, wherein, bulk material is a carbonaceous material.
119, according to the artwork of claim 95, wherein, bulk material is a carbon black.
120, according to the artwork of claim 95, wherein, bulk material is a metal oxide.
121, according to the artwork of claim 95, wherein, bulk material is a fumed silica.
122, according to the method for claim 106, wherein, bulk material is a carbonaceous material.
123, according to the method for claim 106, wherein, bulk material is a carbon black.
124, according to the method for claim 106, wherein, bulk material is a metal oxide.
125, according to the method for claim 106, wherein, bulk material is a fumed silica.
126, according to the method for claim 107, wherein, bulk material is a carbonaceous material.
127, according to the method for claim 107, wherein, bulk material is a carbon black.
128, according to the method for claim 107, wherein, bulk material is a metal oxide.
129, according to the method for claim 107, wherein, bulk material is a fumed silica.
130, according to the method for claim 68, wherein, the number of bulk material is 3 at least.
131, according to the method for claim 68, wherein, the number of bulk material is 5 at least.
132, according to the method for claim 68, wherein, the number of bulk material is 10 at least.
133,3 performance map according to Claim 8, wherein, performance map is a multidimensional.
134, according to the artwork of claim 95, wherein, artwork is a multidimensional.
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| US10/673,093 US7776604B2 (en) | 2003-04-01 | 2003-09-26 | Methods of selecting and developing a particulate material |
| PCT/US2004/010267 WO2004090031A2 (en) | 2003-04-01 | 2004-04-01 | Methods of selecting and developing a particulate material |
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| CN105070518A (en) * | 2009-11-02 | 2015-11-18 | 卡博特公司 | High surface area and low structure carbon blacks for energy storage applications |
| CN108872033A (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2018-11-23 | 香港理工大学深圳研究院 | The heterogeneous reaction activity measurement device and method of gaseous pollutant in atmospheric environment |
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| CN113049456B (en) * | 2021-03-22 | 2024-03-15 | 武汉科技大学 | Method for rapidly determining average particle size of particles based on dynamic balance |
| CN113270154B (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2024-03-22 | 江苏大学 | Molybdenum disulfide sample three-dimensional characterization method, system and application based on machine learning |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE69634164T2 (en) * | 1995-08-24 | 2005-12-22 | Kinsei Matec Co., Ltd., Osaka | Aluminum oxide particles with increased dispersibility and plasticity and process for their preparation |
| US5904762A (en) * | 1997-04-18 | 1999-05-18 | Cabot Corporation | Method of making a multi-phase aggregate using a multi-stage process |
| ATE302240T1 (en) * | 1998-06-09 | 2005-09-15 | Cabot Corp | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING SOOT |
| EP1228150B1 (en) * | 1999-10-28 | 2013-09-04 | Cabot Corporation | Ink jet inks, inks, and other compositions containing colored pigments |
| US6482883B1 (en) * | 2000-05-10 | 2002-11-19 | Kanzaki Specialty Papers, Inc. | Ink jet recording material demonstrating a balance of properties including improved imaging performance and good water resistance |
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2004
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105070518A (en) * | 2009-11-02 | 2015-11-18 | 卡博特公司 | High surface area and low structure carbon blacks for energy storage applications |
| CN105070518B (en) * | 2009-11-02 | 2018-05-29 | 卡博特公司 | For the high surface area low structure carbon black of stored energy application |
| CN108872033A (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2018-11-23 | 香港理工大学深圳研究院 | The heterogeneous reaction activity measurement device and method of gaseous pollutant in atmospheric environment |
| CN108872033B (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2022-04-08 | 香港理工大学深圳研究院 | Heterogeneous reaction activity measuring device and method for gaseous pollutants in atmospheric environment |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN1798967A (en) | 2006-07-05 |
| CN1798966B (en) | 2012-12-26 |
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