CN1760006A - Regeneration pelletizer for worn-out plastic - Google Patents

Abstract

Regeneration pelletizer for worn-out plastic; this comminutor comprises vented extruder (1) and the cutting comminutor (3) that is linked in sequence; between vented extruder (1) and cutting comminutor (3), filter (2) can be set also, also can connect conveying worm (4), drying machine (5) and blast system (6) in cutting comminutor (3) back.The present invention can produce epigranular, the smooth high-quality moulding particle of external form, and recyclable multiclass waste or used plastics and wet feed.

Description

Waste Plastic Recycling Granulator

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of equipment for recycling waste plastics to produce plastic granules.

Background technique

At present, most of the waste plastic recycling granulators sold on the market are ordinary granulators. Its structure mainly adopts the structure of general extruder + ordinary filter + die head + cooling device + crushing device; or the structure of extruder + ordinary filter + die head + eager air cooling. The filter surface of the ordinary filter of these two structures is small, and the material pressure cannot be automatically detected, and it is impossible to accurately judge whether to replace the filter screen, the effect of filtering impurities is not good, and the quality of the regenerated plastic particles is difficult to control. In addition, in the granulator of the above-mentioned first structure, the plastic is drawn into strips through the die head and enters the cooling device, and is broken into particles after cooling. The cutting surface of the particles is not smooth and regular, and the length of the particles is not easy to control; the second structure The plastic is cooled by air, and the chopped particles will fly in the air duct with the high-speed airflow, hit the wall of the tube in a disorderly manner, and smash the plastic particles that have not been completely cooled into flat shapes of various sizes. particle. The plastic particles remanufactured by the two structures of the granulator are uneven in particle size and shape, and the quality is poor, which affects subsequent production and application. And because all the extruders used are non-vented extruders, wet materials cannot be processed.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art and to provide a waste plastic recycling system that can produce high-quality shaped particles with uniform particle size and smooth appearance, and can recycle many types of waste plastics and wet materials. Granulator.

The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.

Waste plastic recycling granulator, including sequentially connected exhaust type extruder and cutting granulator.

In the present invention, a filter is also arranged between the exhaust extruder and the cutting granulator; behind the cutting granulator, a screw conveyor, a dryer and an air delivery system are also connected; the exhaust extruder It includes a barrel with a vent hole and a venting screw arranged in the barrel. The venting screw includes a first-stage screw and a second-stage screw. The first-stage screw includes a feeding section and a variable-diameter compression section. , the metering section and the mixing section, including the pressure regulating section immediately after the mixing section; the second-stage screw includes the exhaust section, the sudden change section, and the next metering section; the ratio of the length of the exhaust screw to the outer diameter The length ratio of the second-stage screw to the first-stage screw is 0.5-0.8; the mixing section consists of two sections, the first section is an intermittent thread section with intermittent threads, and the second section is at the bottom rod A pin-shaped ring groove is set on the top; the ratio of the length of the second-stage screw metering section to the outer diameter is 6 to 13; a pressure regulating valve is provided on the barrel of the extruder corresponding to the pressure regulating section; the filtering The device consists of a material-liquid channel body and an upper piston body and a lower piston body symmetrically connected to both sides of the channel body; two opposite "Y" or "T"-shaped material-liquid channels are arranged laterally in the channel body, and one channel is respectively connected to the To the feed liquid inlet and the upper and lower pistons, the other channel leads to the feed liquid outlet and the upper and lower pistons respectively; the waist-shaped piston with cross-section is set in the cylindrical cavity of the piston body to divide the piston cavity into left and right cavities. The nozzle on the piston connects the left and right chambers, and the piston is connected with the hydraulic rod. Filter plates, filter screens and support plates are installed in a symmetrical order in the left and right piston chambers. The cavity communicates with the "Y" type or "T" type material liquid channel leading to the material liquid outlet; on the piston body, there are slag guide channels to lead out the material liquid slag in the left and right piston chambers respectively; on the channel body , The upper piston body and the lower piston body are provided with a heating device; the cutting granulator includes a die head, a water bin body arranged outside the die head and a cylindrical body connected with the water bin body, between the water bin body and the water bin body Nozzles are arranged between the barrels, and a rotating shaft is arranged in the barrel. A knife seat for installing a cutter is installed on the front end of the rotating shaft. The cutter faces the discharge hole on the die head, and the rear end of the rotating shaft is connected to the motor through a coupling sleeve. ; There is an observation window on the cylinder; the connection between the tank body and the cylinder is that one side is connected by a hinge, and the other side is connected by a buckle; The cantilever passes through the coupling sleeve and is connected with the outer cover of the rotating shaft.

The invention has a reasonable structure, greatly improves the continuity of equipment production, and can greatly increase the output of plastic particles.

The structure of the exhaust extruder is adopted, so that when the waste plastic passes through the feeding section, compression section, metering section and mixing section, it is gradually melted under the compression section, mixed and sheared in the metering section, and mixed and sheared in the mixing section. After being further plasticized, the plastic section enters the pressure regulating section. In the pressure regulating section, by adjusting the plastic circulation area, the plastic entering the exhaust section can be adjusted to prevent the plastic from emerging from the exhaust port of the barrel. After the plastic enters the exhaust section and discharges water vapor and decomposition products through the exhaust port on the barrel, it is compacted again in the sudden change section, and after further mixing and shearing in the metering section, it passes through the metering section, quantitative and constant pressure Squeeze into subsequent equipment. Due to the relatively large length and diameter of the screw, the residence time of the plastic in the screw is prolonged under high-speed rotation, which is beneficial to the plasticization of the plastic. The structure of the mixing section adopted enables the screw to further mix and shear the unmelted plastic under high-speed rotation for plasticization. The length ratio design of the second-stage screw and the first-stage screw can effectively improve the plasticizing and exhausting effects of the plastic. The length-to-diameter ratio design of the second-stage screw metering section makes the reverse flow of the material flow very small even when the front-end pressure of the longer second-stage screw metering section is too high. Thereby reducing the possibility of material leakage from the feeder mouth and increasing the output. The set pressure regulating section can be adjusted to correspond to the pressure regulating valve installed on the barrel to control the extrusion volume of the first-stage screw plastic to match the extrusion volume of the second-stage screw, further reducing the discharge port. Possibility of cheating. The extruder works at high speed, has high plasticizing quality, high output, and wide application range. It can be used for recycling and processing various waste plastic dry and wet materials such as PE, PP, PET, PS, and PC.

The structure of the filter used can monitor the pressure on the filter screen through the set control system, and start the hydraulic system to work in time. The clean melt flowing out of the filter screen in the working state flows into the opposite filter screen from the back. It performs backwashing to flush out the liquid residue remaining on the front of the filter screen out of the body. When one filter screen is backwashed, the other three screens are still in the filtering state. Therefore, during the cleaning process, the increase in the pressure of the feed liquid on the filter screen is minimal. Prevent the output of the extruder from being affected by too high pressure, and prevent the impurity content of the filtered feed liquid from being too high. Since the filter screen is flushed, the cleaning degree can be significantly improved, which can greatly extend the service life of the filter screen and reduce the replacement of the filter screen. Even when the filter screen in one piston body needs to be replaced, the other piston body can still work normally, completely realizing non-stop screen replacement. The structure of the utility model also makes the filter surface of the feed liquid doubled under normal working conditions, and the symmetrically arranged filter screen support plate enables the feed liquid to exert the same pressure on the filter screen from both sides, and evenly applies the pressure on the piston. pressure, thereby reducing wear on pistons and screens. The provided heating device keeps the channel body and the piston body at a certain temperature so as to prevent the fluidity from being lowered due to the temperature drop of the material liquid flowing through.

The cutting granulator used divides the molten plastic through the discharge hole on the die head into multiple streams. When the plastic is extruded from the discharge hole, the high-speed rotating cutter cuts the plastic into fine particles. And under the action of centrifugal force, the plastic particles are thrown into the water ring on the cylinder to cool and solidify. With the flow of the water ring, the solidified plastic particles flow out of the cylinder with the water. The set observation window can clearly see the pressing condition of the cutting knife during the adjustment of the cutting knife, and check whether each cutting knife is evenly pressed on the die head. At the same time, you can clearly see whether the water ring on the wall of the cylinder is formed, so as to prevent the water from flowing onto the die, reducing the temperature of the die, and causing the die to be blocked by solidified plastic. The connection structure between the water tank body and the cylinder body adopted makes it easy to open the die head and the cylinder body, which facilitates quick replacement of the cutter and reduces downtime. The set knife adjustment device can adjust the distance between the cutter and the die head, so that the cutter is pressed on the die head with a small pressure, which reduces the wear of the die head and the cutter, and also minimizes the deformation of the cutter and prolongs the life of the cutter. service life. The plastic particles regenerated by this granulator are uniform in size, smooth in appearance and good in quality.

The content of the present invention will be further elaborated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the front view of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a top view of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the exhaust screw of exhaust type extruder;

Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the cooperation of the screw, the barrel and the pressure regulating valve in the pressure regulating section of the vented extruder;

Fig. 5 is the structural representation of filter;

Fig. 6 is A-A sectional view of Fig. 5;

Fig. 7 is the right view of Fig. 5;

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the normal working state of the filter piston;

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the right filter screen of the lower piston body of the filter in a backwashing state;

Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the left filter screen of the lower piston body of the filter in a backwashing state;

Figure 11 is a front sectional view of the cutting granulator;

FIG. 12 is a top view of FIG. 10 .

Detailed ways

As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the present invention consists of a vented extruder 1, a filter 2, a cutting granulator 3, a screw conveyor 4, a dryer 5 and an air delivery system 6 connected in sequence.

As shown in Figure 3, the exhaust extruder 1 comprises a first-stage screw A and a second-stage screw B, and the first-stage screw A comprises a feeding section A1, a compression section A2, a metering section A3 and a mixing section A4, and Including the pressure regulating section A5 next to the mixing section; the second-stage screw B includes the exhaust section B1, the sudden change section B2, and the next metering section B3. The ratio of the length to the outer diameter of the screw is 35-45, and 40 is selected in this embodiment; the length ratio of the second-stage screw B to the first-stage screw A is 0.5-0.8, and 0.7 is selected in this embodiment; the mixing section A4 is composed of two The first section is a discontinuous thread section with thread 12 discontinuous, the second section is a pin-shaped ring groove 13 on the bottom rod; the ratio of the length to the outer diameter of the second-stage screw metering section B3 is 6~ 13. 10 is selected in this embodiment; as shown in FIG. 4 , a pressure regulating valve 15 is provided on the barrel 14 of the extruder corresponding to the position of the pressure regulating section A5.

As shown in Fig. 5, Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, the filter 2 includes a feed liquid channel body 16 and an upper piston body 17 and a lower piston body 18 symmetrically connected to both sides of the channel body; "Y" or "T" type feed liquid channels 19 and 20, this embodiment is a "Y" type channel, channel 19 leads to feed liquid inlet and upper and lower piston respectively, channel 20 leads to feed liquid outlet and upper piston respectively , lower piston; the cross-section is that the waist-shaped piston 21 is arranged in the cylindrical cavity of the piston body and the piston chamber is divided into left and right chambers, and the nozzle 22 arranged on the piston communicates with the left and right chambers, and the piston and the right chamber are connected. The hydraulic rod 23 is connected, and the hydraulic system can push the piston to move back and forth in the piston cavity. Filter plate 24, filter screen 25 and support plate 26 are housed in symmetrical order in left and right piston cavity, and filter screen 25 is made of 3～5 layers of filter screens. On the piston and the piston body, there are passages 27, 27' that connect the left and right piston chambers with the "Y" channel 20 leading to the outlet of the material liquid; The slag channel 28, 28' from which the liquid slag is drawn; a heating device 29 is arranged on the channel body 16, the upper piston body 17 and the lower piston body 18.

As shown in Figure 10 and Figure 11, the cutting granulator 3 includes a die head 30, a water tank body 31 arranged outside the die head and a cylinder body 33 connected with the water tank body, the die head 30 and the water tank body 31 are used The bolts are connected together and fixed, and a nozzle 34 is arranged between the water tank body and the cylinder body. The connection mode between the water tank body 31 and the cylinder body 33 is that one side is connected by a hinge 42, and the other side is connected by a hinge. Buckle 43 is connected. A rotating shaft 35 is arranged in the cylinder body, and the front end of the rotating shaft 35 is equipped with a knife seat 37 for installing the cutter 36, the cutting knife faces the discharge hole 38 on the die head, and the rear end of the rotating shaft is connected with the motor 40 through a coupling sleeve 39. An observation window 41 is provided on the barrel. A knife adjustment device 44 is arranged on the coupling sleeve 39 , and the cantilever 45 of the knife adjustment device passes through the coupling sleeve and is connected with the outer sleeve 46 of the rotating shaft 35 .

The working process is as follows: waste plastic particles enter the feeding section A1 of the first stage screw A in the barrel through the feed port of the extruder, and the screw pushes the plastic forward under the rotation, and the plastic is compacted during the forward pushing process Entering the compression section A2, the plastic is gradually melted under compression. The melted plastic is extruded into metering section A3. The metering section A3 mainly mixes and shears the plastic. And squeeze into the mixing section A4 with a certain amount to further plasticize the unmelted plastic. When passing through the pressure regulating section A5, the plastic flow area can be adjusted through the pressure regulating valve 2 arranged on the barrel, thereby adjusting the plastic flow rate entering the exhaust section B1 of the second-stage screw B, preventing the plastic entering the exhaust section from flowing The exhaust port on the barrel pops out. After the plastic discharges water vapor and decomposition products in the exhaust section B1. It is compacted again in the sudden change section B2, and after further mixing and shearing in the metering section, it passes through the metering section B3 and squeezes into the filter 2 quantitatively and at a constant pressure, as shown in Fig. 8 and Fig. 6 , in normal working condition. The feed liquid flows along the direction of the arrow in Fig. 8, and enters the interior of the piston through the support plate 26, filter screen 25, and filter plate 24 arranged symmetrically on both sides of the piston 21 in Fig. 6, and then flows out from the outlet channel 20 through passages 27, 27'. When the feed liquid pressure at the filter screen on the right side of the piston in the lower piston body 18 reaches the set value, the sensor arranged on the extruder at the front end of the feed channel 19 detects the pressure signal and transmits it to the control system, and the control system starts the hydraulic system and enters In the backwash state, as shown in Figure 9, the feed liquid will enter from the left channel of the lower piston through the filter screen, and the right side will no longer feed. Under the action of pressure, the feed liquid will be sprayed when it flows through the outlet of the nozzle 22. And flush the filter plate and filter screen on the right side at an extremely fast speed, so as to achieve the purpose of backwashing, and the washed material liquid slag is discharged from the body along the slag channel 28. The backwashing process shown in Figure 10 is just the opposite of Figure 9 . The same is true for the backwash of the upper piston. Since the pressure at the filter screen after backwashing is always higher than that before backwashing, the filter screen needs to be replaced when the pressure at the backwashing point is close to the set value after backwashing for a certain number of times. The feed liquid flowing out from the filter then flows into the cutting granulator 3 . Adjust the working state of the cutting granulator in advance, rotate the adjusting screw sleeve 48 on the horizontal screw 47 of the knife adjustment device, and push the rotating shaft forward through the cantilever 45 and the jacket 46 set on the rotating shaft 35, so that the cutting knife 36 is attached to the mold. The end face of the head 30. The cooling water is injected into the water tank 50 from the water inlet 49, and is sprayed to the inner wall of the cylinder by the nozzle 34 to form a water ring. The molten plastic enters from the feed channel 51 of the die head, and is divided into multiple streams through a plurality of discharge holes 38 uniformly distributed along the circumference of the die head 30 . When the plastic was extruded from the discharge channel, the cutter 36 driven by the motor 40 to rotate at a high speed cut the plastic into fine particles. Under the action of centrifugal force, the plastic particles are thrown into the water ring 52 on the cylinder body 33 to be cooled and solidified. With the flow of the water ring, the solidified plastic particles flow out of the cylinder 33 with the water. When it is necessary to change the knife or clean up, unclamp the hasp 43, rotate the cylinder 33 along the hinge 42, open the granulation head, and change the knife or clean up in time. So far, the whole process of particle molding of waste plastics in the granulation head is completed. Afterwards, after the screw conveyor 36 drains most of the water, the remaining shaped particles are sent into the centrifugal dryer 37. Under the action of high-speed centrifugal force, the formed particles are completely dried. At the same time, the discharge port 11 of the centrifugal dryer enters the air delivery system 6, and the shaped particles are blown into the feeder by the action of the wind. So far, the whole recycling and recycling process of waste plastics has been completed.

The invention can not only effectively develop and utilize waste plastic resources, but also control pollution, and simultaneously create huge economic and environmental benefits, and is a green environmental protection equipment that benefits the country and the people.

Claims (14)

1, regeneration pelletizer for worn-out plastic is characterized in that, this comminutor comprises vented extruder (1) and the cutting comminutor (3) that is linked in sequence.

2, regeneration pelletizer for worn-out plastic according to claim 1 is characterized in that, also is provided with filter (2) between vented extruder (1) and cutting comminutor (3).

3, regeneration pelletizer for worn-out plastic according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, also is connected with conveying worm (4), drying machine (5) and blast system (6) in cutting comminutor (3) back.

4, regeneration pelletizer for worn-out plastic according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described vented extruder (1) comprises the machine barrel (9) of band steam vent (10) and is arranged at the interior exhaust screw rod of machine barrel, described exhaust screw rod comprises the first rank screw rod (A) and the second rank screw rod (B), the first rank screw rod (A) comprises feeding section (A1), reducing compression section (A2), metering section (A3) and mixing section (A4), also comprises the pressure regulation section (A5) that is right after mixing section; The second rank screw rod (B) comprises exhaust section (B1), sudden change section (B2), and the metering section that is right after (B3).

5, regeneration pelletizer for worn-out plastic according to claim 4 is characterized in that, the length of exhaust screw rod and the ratio of external diameter are 35～45.

6, regeneration pelletizer for worn-out plastic according to claim 4 is characterized in that, the second rank screw rod (B) is 0.5～0.8 with the length ratio of the first rank screw rod (A).

7, regeneration pelletizer for worn-out plastic according to claim 4 is characterized in that, mixing section (A4) is formed by two sections, and first section is the interrupted shape thread segment that screw thread (12) is interrupted, and second section is the annular groove (13) that the pin shape is set on bottom bar.

8, regeneration pelletizer for worn-out plastic according to claim 4 is characterized in that, the length of the second rank screw metering section (B3) and the ratio of external diameter are 6～13.

9, regeneration pelletizer for worn-out plastic according to claim 4 is characterized in that, the position in that extruder barrel (14) is gone up corresponding pressure regulation section (A5) is provided with pressure regulator valve (15).

10, regeneration pelletizer for worn-out plastic according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described filter (2) comprises that feed liquid passage body (16) and symmetry are connected in the upper piston body (17) and the lower piston body (18) of passage body both sides; Be horizontally arranged with relative two " Y " types or T-shape feed liquid passage (19), (20) in the passage body, a passage (19) leads to liquor inlet and last lower piston respectively, and another passage (20) leads to material liquid outlet and last lower piston respectively; The cross section is arranged at for the piston (21) of shape with a tight waist in the cylindrical cavity of piston body plunger shaft is divided into left and right cavity, the nozzle (22) that is arranged on the piston is communicated with left and right sides cavity, piston is connected with hydraulic stem (23), the symmetry order is equipped with filter (24), filter screen (25) and gripper shoe (26) in left and right piston cavity, offers path (27), (27 ') that left and right plunger shaft is communicated with " Y " type that leads to material liquid outlet or T-shape feed liquid passage (20) on piston and piston body; On piston body, offer respectively feed liquid slag in the left and right plunger shaft is drawn draw slag road (28), (28 '); Passage body (16), upper piston body (17) and lower piston body (18) are provided with heater (29).

11, regeneration pelletizer for worn-out plastic according to claim 1; it is characterized in that; described cutting comminutor (3) includes die head (30), is arranged at the sump body (31) and the cylindrical shell (33) that is connected with the sump body of die head outside; between sump body and cylindrical shell, be provided with nozzle (34); in cylindrical shell, be provided with rotating shaft (35); the front end of rotating shaft (35) is equipped with the tool rest (37) that is used to install cutting knife (36); discharge opening (38) on the cutting knife subtend die head, the rear end of rotating shaft connects by coupling sleeve (39) and motor (40).

12, regeneration pelletizer for worn-out plastic according to claim 11 is characterized in that, cylindrical shell is provided with observation window (41).

13, regeneration pelletizer for worn-out plastic according to claim 11 is characterized in that, the connected mode between sump body (31) and the cylindrical shell (33) is, a side connects by hinge (42), and opposite side connects by hasp (43).

14, regeneration pelletizer for worn-out plastic according to claim 11 is characterized in that, coupling sleeve (39) is provided with knife adjusting device (44), and the overcoat (46) that the cantilever of knife adjusting device (45) passes coupling sleeve and rotating shaft (35) connects.

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