CN1734958A - Novel high integrated level insertible Rake receiver system - Google Patents
Novel high integrated level insertible Rake receiver system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a new embedded Rake receiver system with high integrity, which integrates a stochastic sequence code generator, an orthogonal channel code generator, a stochastic sequence descrambler, a orthogonal code-channel separation demodulator, a vector dot product device, and modules for signal power detection, Finger time track, Finger lock indication, channel estimation, dephasing rolling merge, automatic frequency control, estimation for signal-noise rate, automatic receiving gain control, to realize corresponding necessary functions for Rake receiver. This receiver can almost finish all 3G receiver's functions except channel decode, fits well to realize in embedded communication chip by hardware way.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention proposes a kind of novel high integrated level insertible Rake receiver system, can be widely used in the commercial 3G mobile communication terminal and the base-station transceiver station equipment of various high integration.The patented technology that the present invention proposes belongs to moving communicating field.
Background technology:
In mobile communication, circumstance complication between travelling carriage and the base station, the radio wave signal that transmitter sends, in transmission course, be subjected to the reflection and the refraction of various barriers such as different buildings, hummock, the woods, the signal that arrives receiver can not be the signal that a paths comes, but the multipath composite signal.For the mobile communication system of non-CDMA technology, can only adopt complicated opposing technology, reduce influence.And to adopting the mobile communication system (cdma system that comprises fdd mode, tdd mode) of CDMA technology, because the correlation properties of CDMA, as long as the delay inequality between the path is greater than a chip width, then the signal in these different paths can be passed through different delay lines respectively at receiving terminal, the alignment and combine, just can utilize multipath signal to strengthen reception, this kind technology is called RAKE diversity receiving technology (being commonly called as path diversity).
General RAKE receiver by searcher (Searcher), refer to that peak (Finger) demodulating unit, 3 modules of combiner (Combiner) form.Searcher is finished route searching, and cardinal principle is to utilize the auto-correlation and the their cross correlation of sign indicating number.Finger finishes despreading, the orthogonal channel demodulation of signal, and the number of Finger has determined the number of path that the orthogonal channel demodulation can be used, and RAKE receiver of cdma base station system is made up of 4 Finger usually, and travelling carriage is made up of 3 Finger.Combiner is finished the merging of the signal of a plurality of demodulator outputs and is handled, and general merge algorithm has selecting type addition merging, equal gain combining, high specific to merge 3 kinds.Signal after the merging outputs to the channel-decoding unit, carries out channel-decoding and handles.
The basic principle of RAKE receiver is exactly that those amplitudes are obviously taken out greater than the multipath component of noise background, it is delayed time and phasing, make it at a time to align, and merge by certain rule, become vector and merge into the algebraically summation, effectively utilize multipath component, improve the effect of rake.
According to the notion in separable footpath in the cdma system, when the multidiameter delay of two signals differs by more than a spread-spectrum code chip width, can think that these two signals are incoherent, or perhaps the path is separable.Be reflected on the frequency domain, when promptly the transmission bandwidth of signal is greater than the coherence bandwidth of signal, think that these two signals are incoherent, or perhaps the path be separable.Because cdma system is a wideband transmit, all Channel Sharing frequency resources, so cdma system can use the RAKE reception technique, other two kinds of multiple access technology TDMA, FDMA then can't use.
The tolerance of RAKE receiver diversity depends on the ability that the multidiameter delay width separates with multipath.
Expand in the multidiameter fading channel of m at maximum delay, the notion of RAKE is exactly to adopt a kind of specific wideband transmit signal, its bandwidth W is far longer than the coherence bandwidth m of channel, and according to the notion of separable multipath, separable in this case multipath number is W/m.So RAKE receiver adopts L correlator, the difference of the handled time delay of adjacent correlator is 1/W, and each correlator only extracts that part of multipath signal of corresponding delay from total received signal.
As mentioned above, the Rake receiver is the core component of fdd mode, tdd mode cdma system, and it will be finished searcher (Searcher), refers to peak (Finger) demodulating unit, 3 major functions of combiner (Combiner).And the realization of these three functions, relate to must comprise by randomization sign indicating number sequencer, orthogonal channel code generator, random sequence descrambler, quadrature code channel separate (in band) signal power measurement in demodulator, vector dot product device, sub-district (cell) band, Finger time-tracking (Time Tracking), Finger locking indication, go that the phase place rotation merges, automatic frequency control (AFC), signal interference ratio estimates, receives the complication system structure that multiple important corn module such as automatic gain controlling (Rx-AGC), channel estimating constitutes.
Content of the present invention is intended to propose so a kind of novel Rake receiver, and how integrated above-mentioned various important function modules in this Rake receiver are described, constitute one can be directly commercial high integration, advanced Rake receiver system.
Summary of the invention:
Purpose of design: the present invention proposes a kind of novel Rake receiver system, integrated in this system such as the random sequence code generator, the orthogonal channel code generator, the random sequence descrambler, the quadrature code channel separates demodulator, the vector dot product device, the sub-district in-band signal power is measured, the Finger time-tracking, Finger locks indication, go the phase place rotation to merge, automatic frequency control, signal interference ratio is estimated, receive automatic gain controlling, main modular such as channel estimating are to realize the necessary Cell searching/selection/reselection of Rake receiver, the Finger demodulation, necessary functions such as Finger demodulation merging.
Design: the Rake receiver system block diagram that the present invention proposes, shown in accompanying drawing one.
This Rake receiver system is made of following main functional modules:
1, several Finger (referring to the peak) front end.
Finger front end (Finger Front End), it also is the Finger demodulating unit, it is the core component of Rake receiver, each Finger front end promptly is a Finger demodulating unit, is used for (standard) quadrature demodulation processing to the signal of a certain particular path (having a certain special time delays) transmission.
In accompanying drawing one, the part in the frame of broken lines is one complete " a Finger front end ", is labeled as " N Finger ".
Usually in a Rake receiver, be integrated with 3 ~ 4 such Finger.
2, random sequence code generator
The random sequence code generator is used to produce accurate randomization sign indicating number sequence, as the PN sign indicating number sequence of cdma2000 and the Gold sign indicating number sequence of WCDMA, sends among the Finger, is used to finish the random sequence descrambling.
3, accurate orthogonal channel code generator
Accurate orthogonal channel code generator is exported accurate orthogonal channel sign indicating number (separating and demodulating unit to orthogonal channel), these accurate orthogonal channel sign indicating numbers comprise such as the WALSH sign indicating number sequence of cdma2000 and the OVSF of WCDMA (the orthogonal variable extended length factor) sign indicating number sequence, are used to finish the quadrature separation of each code channel transmission data sequence.
4, remove phase place rotation combiner
In the cdma system of tdd mode and fdd mode, adopt BPSK (modulation of two-phase keying) and QPSK (modulation of two-phase keying) mode the data chips that transmits to be modulated into the analog signal of suitable radio frequency transmission.The radio wave signal that transmitter sends, after through the multipath transmission, because each path transmission delay is different with decay, so that when arriving receiver, BPSK or QPSK signal exist phase place to rotate (synthesized and produced by the different a plurality of signals of time lag).
The Rake receiver adopts a plurality of Finger demodulating units, detect and demodulate the signal component of the highest multipath transmission of several signal to noise ratios respectively, these components are delayed time and phasing, make it at a time to align, and merge by certain rule, thereby eliminate the phase place rotation, and improve signal to noise ratio.Go phase place rotation combiner promptly be used to finish to multipath component delay time, phasing, time unifying, and merge.Remove phase place rotation combiner at each, have only the Finger demodulating unit output of locking just to be used to phase place rotation merging.
Go the output of phase place rotation combiner to be sent to channel-decoding unit (Viterbi decoding unit/Turbo decoding unit), further finish the channel-decoding process.
5, power control bit merge cells
The power control bit is used for the signal to noise ratio of the signals and associated noises that the variable down physical channel of estimated transmission bit rate receives.For each variable rate transmission down physical channel, each finger can provide one tunnel power control bit sequence.Power control bit merge cells finishes that the power control bit sequence that each Finger is provided is delayed time, time unifying, and merges.The output of power control bit merge cells is sent to the descending power control unit.
6, Energy Estimation device
The Energy Estimation device is used to measure band self-energy (the In Band Energy) intensity that each sub-district sends signal, thereby realizes the function of search best cell.In order to obtain the input of Energy Estimation device, need carry out short period integration (I signal and Q signal be integration respectively) respectively to original I/Q data (for the cell signal of a certain particular path transmission of the process that receives) from analog baseband circuitry, integral result is constituted a new I/Q data sequence, and the data transfer rate of new I/Q data sequence is identical with randomization sign indicating number sequence rate.Afterwards, calculate the instantaneous chip energy of new I/Q data sequence, with of the input of instantaneous chip energy sequence as the Energy Estimation device.
The output of Energy Estimation device is sent to and receives automatic gain control unit and Finger locking indicating member, is respectively applied for the lock-out state that receives automatic gain controlling and judge corresponding Finger.
7, I/Q analog-to-digital conversion dc offset voltage controller
I/Q analog-to-digital conversion dc offset voltage controller carries out integration, owes sampling and filtering the original I/O signal from analog baseband circuitry, estimate the error of I/Q analog-to-digital conversion dc offset voltage then, and then adjust I/Q analog-to-digital conversion dc offset voltage, obtain maximum I/Q modulus (A/D) conversion dynamic range.The output of I/Q analog-to-digital conversion dc offset voltage controller is sent to I/Q AD conversion unit (in analog baseband circuitry).
8, receive automatic gain controller
The output of Energy Estimation device is sent to the reception automatic gain control unit, receives the output result of automatic gain controlling according to the Energy Estimation device, adjusts the dc offset voltage of front end linear amplifier, thereby adjusts the linear Amplifier Gain of front end.
9, automatic frequency controller
In the random sequence descrambling subelement of Finger demodulating unit, the output of I/Q integration gatherer is time synchronized I/Q symbol sebolic addressing synchronously.The output of time synchronized I/Q symbol sebolic addressing is divided into three the tunnel, first via time of delivery (TOD) synchronous I/Q symbol instantaneous energy estimator; The second the tunnel delivers to channel estimator, is used to estimate the needed weight coefficient of symbol demodulation process of each quadrature code channel; Third Road is delivered to automatic frequency control (AFC) unit, adjusts the frequency of local carrier.
Automatic frequency controller is accepted the time synchronized I/Q symbol sebolic addressing from the inner a plurality of Finger demodulating unit outputs of Rake receiver, according to the time synchronized I/Q symbol sebolic addressing of a plurality of Finger demodulating unit outputs, adjusts the frequency of local carrier.
What more than set forth is the main functional modules of the novel Rake receiver system that proposes of the present invention.In these main functional modules, the Finger demodulating unit is most important, also the most complicated core component.Elaborate the 26S Proteasome Structure and Function of Finger demodulating unit below.
A Finger demodulating unit comprises following functional module:
1. integration is owed sampler
Randomization sign indicating number descrambling unit is finished the original I/Q data (for the cell signal of a certain particular path transmission of the process that receives) from analog baseband circuitry is carried out short period integration (I signal and Q signal be integration respectively) respectively, integral result is constituted a new I/Q data sequence, and the data transfer rate of new I/Q data sequence is identical with randomization sign indicating number sequence rate.Integration is owed sampler new I/Q data sequence is sent to random sequence descrambling unit.
2. random sequence descrambling unit
The randomization sign indicating number that random sequence descrambling unit by using randomization sign indicating number sequencer produces is finished the I/Q data sequence of owing sampler from integration is carried out the random sequence descrambling.
Integration is owed the output of sampler, send into randomization sign indicating number descrambling unit after, be divided into synchronous random sequence descrambler of three tunnel, one tunnel time of delivery (TOD), leading random sequence descrambler of the second tunnel time of delivery (TOD), Third Road time of delivery (TOD) delay random sequence descrambler.The I/Q chip time of the I/Q chip time ratio time synchronized random sequence descrambler descrambles of the descrambling of time lead random sequence descrambler shifts to an earlier date 3/M chip, and wherein M is the integration chip lengths (being the i/q signal speed of Analog Baseband input and the ratio between the random code sequence rate) that integration is owed sampler.And an I/Q chip 3/M time lag chip of the I/Q chip time ratio time synchronized random sequence descrambler descrambles of the descrambling of time delay random sequence descrambler.
The output of time synchronized random sequence descrambler is synchronous I/Q data, and I/Q data sequence output synchronously is divided into two-way, and the first via sends to synchronous I/Q integration gatherer, and the second the tunnel delivers to the quadrature code channel separates despread unit.
The output of time lead random sequence descrambler is leading I/Q data, and leading I/Q data sequence sends to leading I/Q integration gatherer.
The output of time delay random sequence descrambler is and postpones the I/Q data, postpones the I/Q data sequence and sends to delay I/Q integration gatherer.
3. the quadrature code channel separates demodulating unit
The quadrature code channel separates the quadrature that despread unit finishes each code channel data that synchronous I/Q data sequence signal comprises and separates.Usually the quadrature code channel separates the data separating that despread unit is finished 5 ~ 6 quadrature code channels.Its input is respectively: one) synchronous I/Q data sequence and two) orthogonal channel sign indicating number.
The separation of quadrature code channel is multiplied each other by synchronous I/Q data sequence and each orthogonal channel sign indicating number and is realized.For cdma2000, the orthogonal channel sign indicating number is the WALSH sequence.For WCDMA and TD-SCDMA, the orthogonal sequence sign indicating number is OVSF (orthogonal variable length spreading factor) sign indicating number sequence.
Synchronously I/Q data sequence and the output that each orthogonal channel sign indicating number multiplies each other send to the integration gatherer of corresponding code channel respectively, and realization is further finished despreading process to isolating the code channel data.The output of integration gatherer is the I/Q data (result after the despreading) of the symbol sebolic addressing of each code channel transmission.The I/Q data of symbol sebolic addressing are through after the vector dot product device after the despreading, promptly obtain the symbol sebolic addressing after the demodulation.
4. Finger time-tracking element
In random sequence descrambling unit, (synchronously, leading, postpone) three road I/Q data sequences, promptly obtain (synchronously, leading, postpone) three road I/Q symbol sebolic addressings through separately I/Q integration gatherer.Need calculate the prompt character energy of three road I/Q symbol sebolic addressings respectively, three road prompt character energy sequence that will obtain then all send to the Finger time-tracking element, the Finger time-tracking element utilizes this three road prompt characters energy sequence to determine to send to the sample time control signal that integration is owed sampler, utilizes the sample time control signal to adjust integration and owes sampler in advance or postpone the sample time point (adjusting 3/M original chip time) from the original I/Q data of analog baseband circuitry at every turn.
5. Finger lock indicator
The Finger lock indicator is according to the prompt character energy of the synchronous I/Q symbol sebolic addressing of input with from the sub-district band internal power measured value of Energy Estimation device, calculate the lock condition of Finger to the current area pilot signal, and output locking indication, send to Finger control unit, Finger time-tracking element respectively, remove phase place rotation merge cells.
6. Finger control unit
The Finger control unit sends adjustment of random sequence chip offset and/or time delay and adjusts signal to the random sequence code generator according to Finger locking indication, and control random sequence code generator is adjusted chip offset and/or time delay.
7. channel estimator
Channel estimator is used to estimate the needed weight coefficient of symbol demodulation process of each quadrature code channel, and will calculate weight coefficient and send to the vector dot product device of finishing each quadrature code channel symbol demodulation, the vector dot product device uses weight coefficient to finish demodulation to the code channel transmission symbol.
8. power control bit buffer unit
The closed power of descending (forward direction) Traffic Channel for finishing and Dedicated Control Channel is controlled, and needs to estimate the signal interference ratio of channel.And,, adopt the power control bit to estimate the channel signal interference ratio for descending (forward direction) fundamental service channel and Dedicated Control Channel.For this reason, orthogonal channel separate and demodulating unit in, use power control bit buffer unit is used for descending (forward direction) fundamental service channel that buffer memory Finger extracted and the power control bit sequence of Dedicated Control Channel.
9. time synchronized I/Q symbol sebolic addressing output
In random sequence descrambling unit, the output of I/Q integration gatherer is time synchronized I/Q symbol sebolic addressing synchronously.The output of time synchronized I/Q symbol sebolic addressing is divided into three the tunnel, first via time of delivery (TOD) synchronous I/Q symbol sebolic addressing instantaneous energy estimator; The second the tunnel delivers to channel estimator, is used to estimate the needed weight coefficient of symbol sebolic addressing demodulating process of each quadrature code channel; Third Road is delivered to automatic frequency control (AFC) unit, adjusts the frequency of local carrier.
10. the symbol sebolic addressing Energy Estimation of full speed channel output
For finishing the closed power control of forward direction (descending) traffic channel full rate (complement channel/downlink grouped channel etc.), need to estimate the signal interference ratio of channel.In orthogonal channel separation and demodulating unit, utilize the signal interference ratio of the instantaneous energy estimation channel of full speed channel transmission symbol.The instantaneous energy of full speed channel transmission symbol is estimated to be sent to descending (forward direction) power control unit, is used for further estimating the signal interference ratio of channel.
Technical scheme: novel high integrated level insertible Rake receiver system, comprise several Finger demodulating units of containing general Rake receiver and having usually, random sequence code generator, orthogonal channel than code generator, remove phase place rotation combiner, also comprise following functional unit: 1. Energy Estimation device and output; 2. I/Q analog-to-digital conversion dc offset voltage controller and output; 3. power control bit merge cells and output; 4. time synchronized I/Q symbol output (being used for automatic frequency control); 5. the full speed channel symbol energy is estimated output; 6. receive automatic gain controller and output; 7. automatic frequency controller.
Employing complete function, the embedded Finger demodulating unit that integrated level is high, it is characterized in that: these Finger demodulating units are owed sampler, random sequence descrambling unit, quadrature code channel and are separated the demodulating unit except that comprising integration that general Finger demodulating unit has usually, also comprise following functional unit: 1. Finger time-tracking element; 2. Finger lock indicator; 3. Finger control unit; 4. channel estimator; 5. power control bit buffer unit; 6. time synchronized I/Q symbol output; 7. the full speed channel symbol energy is estimated output.
Can embed in the Finger demodulating unit, adopt the Finger time-tracking element, 1. integration is owed the output of sampler, after sending into randomization sign indicating number descrambling unit, be divided into three the tunnel, one tunnel time of delivery (TOD) was born machine sequence descrambler synchronously, leading random sequence descrambler of the second tunnel time of delivery (TOD), Third Road time of delivery (TOD) delay random sequence descrambler.The I/Q chip time of the I/Q chip time ratio time synchronized random sequence descrambler descrambles of the descrambling of time lead random sequence descrambler shifts to an earlier date 3/M chip, and wherein M is the integration chip lengths (being the i/q signal speed of Analog Baseband input and the ratio between the random code sequence rate) that integration is owed sampler.And an I/Q chip 3/M time lag chip of the I/Q chip time ratio time synchronized random sequence descrambler descrambles of the descrambling of time delay random sequence descrambler; The output of time synchronized random sequence descrambler is synchronous I/Q data, and I/Q data sequence output synchronously is divided into two-way, and the first via sends to synchronous I/Q integration gatherer, and the second the tunnel delivers to the quadrature code channel separates despread unit; The output of time lead random sequence descrambler is leading I/Q data, and leading I/Q data sequence sends to leading I/Q integration gatherer; The output of time delay random sequence descrambler is and postpones the I/Q data, postpones the I/Q data sequence and sends to delay I/Q integration gatherer; 2. (synchronously, leading, postpone) three road I/Q data sequences, promptly obtain (synchronously, leading, postpone) three road I/Q symbol sebolic addressings through separately I/Q integration gatherer; Need calculate the prompt character energy of three road I/Q symbol sebolic addressings respectively, three road prompt character energy sequence that will obtain then all send to the Finger time-tracking element.3. the Finger time-tracking element utilizes this three road prompt characters energy sequence to determine to send to the sample time control signal that integration is owed sampler, utilizes the sample time control signal to adjust integration and owes sampler in advance or postpone the sample time point (adjusting 3/M original chip time) from the original I/Q data of analog baseband circuitry at every turn.
Can embed in the Rake receiver system, adopt the Energy Estimation device, 1. the Energy Estimation device is used to measure band self-energy (the In Band Energy) intensity that each sub-district sends signal, thereby realizes the function of search best cell; 2. in order to obtain the input of Energy Estimation device, need be to carry out short period integration (I signal and Q signal be integration respectively) respectively from the original I/Q data of analog baseband circuitry, integral result is constituted a new I/Q data sequence, and the data transfer rate of new I/Q data sequence is identical with randomization sign indicating number sequence rate; 3. after, calculate the instantaneous chip energy of new I/Q data sequence, with of the input of instantaneous chip energy sequence as the Energy Estimation device; 4. the output of Energy Estimation device is sent to and receives automatic gain control unit and Finger locking indicating member, is respectively applied for the lock-out state that receives automatic gain controlling and judge corresponding Finger.
Can embed in the Rake receiver system, adopt I/Q analog-to-digital conversion dc offset voltage controller, I/Q analog-to-digital conversion dc offset voltage controller carries out integration, owes sampling and filtering the original I/O signal from analog baseband circuitry, estimate the error of I/Q analog-to-digital conversion dc offset voltage then, and then adjust I/Q analog-to-digital conversion dc offset voltage, obtain maximum I/Q modulus (A/D) conversion dynamic range; The output of I/Q analog-to-digital conversion dc offset voltage controller is sent to I/Q AD conversion unit (in analog baseband circuitry).
Can embed in the Rake receiver system, adopt and receive automatic gain controller, the output of Energy Estimation device is sent to the reception automatic gain control unit, receive the output result of automatic gain controlling according to the Energy Estimation device, adjust the dc offset voltage of front end linear amplifier, thereby adjust the linear Amplifier Gain of front end.
In the high integrated level insertible Rake receiver system, adopt automatic frequency controller, 1. in the random sequence descrambling subelement of Finger demodulating unit, the output of I/Q integration gatherer is time synchronized I/Q symbol sebolic addressing synchronously; The output of time synchronized I/Q symbol sebolic addressing is divided into three the tunnel, first via time of delivery (TOD) synchronous I/Q symbol instantaneous energy estimator; The second the tunnel delivers to channel estimator, is used to estimate the needed weight coefficient of symbol demodulation process of each quadrature code channel; Third Road is delivered to automatic frequency control (AFC) unit, adjusts the frequency of local carrier.2. automatic frequency controller is accepted the time synchronized I/Q symbol sebolic addressing from the inner a plurality of Finger demodulating unit outputs of Rake receiver, according to the time synchronized I/Q symbol sebolic addressing of a plurality of Finger demodulating unit outputs, adjusts the frequency of local carrier.
In the high integrated level insertible Rake receiver system, adopt power control bit combiner, 1. the power control bit is used for the signal to noise ratio of the signals and associated noises that the variable down physical channel of estimated transmission bit rate receives.2. for each variable rate transmission down physical channel, each finger can provide one tunnel power control bit sequence.3. power control bit merge cells finishes that the power control bit sequence that each Finger is provided is delayed time, time unifying, and merges.The output of power control bit merge cells is sent to the descending power control unit.
Can embed in the Finger demodulating unit, adopt the Finger lock indicator, the Finger lock indicator is according to the prompt character energy of the synchronous I/Q symbol sebolic addressing of input with from the sub-district band internal power measured value of Energy Estimation device, calculate the lock condition of Finger to the current area pilot signal, and output locking indication, send to Finger control unit, Finger time-tracking element respectively, remove phase place rotation merge cells.
Can embed in the Finger demodulating unit, adopt channel estimator, channel estimator is used to estimate the needed weight coefficient of symbol demodulation process of each quadrature code channel, and will calculate weight coefficient and send to the vector dot product device of finishing each quadrature code channel symbol demodulation, the vector dot product device uses weight coefficient to finish demodulation to the code channel transmission symbol.
Can embed in the Finger demodulating unit, adopt the Finger control unit, the Finger control unit is according to Finger locking indication, send adjustment of random sequence chip offset and/or time delay and adjust signal to the random sequence code generator, control random sequence code generator is adjusted chip offset and/or time delay.
The novel Rake receiver system that the present invention proposes has complete function, integrated level height, embeddable advantage, is applicable to 3G terminal equipment and base-station transceiver system.This novel Rake receiver, almost can finish all other the 3G receiver function except channel-decoding (Viterbi decoding, Turbo decoding), comprise that sub-district inband signaling ionization meter (Cell searching/selection/reselection), random sequence descrambling, orthogonal channel separate demodulation, district pilots is followed the tracks of synchronously, the Finger locking indicates, goes the phase place rotation to merge, receive automatic gain controlling, the control of descending (forward direction) closed power, automatic frequency control etc.Advanced technology, maturity is good, is very suitable for being embedded in the communication chip realizing with hardware mode, can be directly commercial.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is novel, high integration, the system block diagram that can embed the Rake receiver.
This Rake receiver is made of following main functional modules: 1. several Finger demodulating units.2. random sequence code generator.3. accurate orthogonal channel code generator.4. remove phase place rotation combiner.5. power control bit merge cells.6. Energy Estimation device.7. I/Q analog-to-digital conversion dc offset voltage controller.8. receive automatic gain controller.9. automatic frequency controller.
Wherein, the Finger demodulating unit is the most crucial parts of Rake receiver.A Finger demodulating unit is made of following subelement: 1. integration is owed sampler.2. random sequence descrambling unit.3. the quadrature code channel separates demodulating unit.4. Finger time-tracking element.5. Finger lock indicator.6. Finger control unit.7. channel estimator.8. power control bit buffer unit.9. time synchronized I/Q symbol sebolic addressing output.10. the symbol sebolic addressing Energy Estimation of full speed channel output.The function of said units and relation, all elaboration explanation in summary of the invention each other.
Embodiment:
Embodiment 1: with reference to accompanying drawing 1.Accompanying drawing 1 is novel, high integration, the system block diagram that can embed the Rake receiver.
This Rake receiver system course of work: from the original I/Q data of analog baseband circuitry, the integration that is input to each Finger demodulating unit of this Rake receiver is owed sampler.Each Finger integration is owed the output of sampler, after sending into Finger randomization sign indicating number descrambling unit, be divided into synchronous random sequence descrambler of three tunnel, one tunnel time of delivery (TOD), leading random sequence descrambler of the second tunnel time of delivery (TOD), Third Road time of delivery (TOD) delay random sequence descrambler.(following set forth is except that specifying, all at Finger demodulating unit inside.)
The output of time synchronized random sequence descrambler is synchronous I/Q data, and I/Q data sequence output synchronously is divided into two-way, and the first via sends to synchronous I/Q integration gatherer, and the second the tunnel delivers to the quadrature code channel separates despread unit.
The output of time lead random sequence descrambler is leading I/Q data, sends to leading I/Q integration gatherer.
The output of time delay random sequence descrambler is and postpones the I/Q data, sends to postpone I/Q integration gatherer.
Synchronously, in advance, postpone three road I/Q data sequences,, promptly obtain (synchronously, leading, postpone) three road I/Q symbol sebolic addressings through separately I/Q integration gatherer.Need calculate the prompt character energy of three road I/Q symbol sebolic addressings respectively, three road prompt character energy sequence that will obtain then all send to the Finger time-tracking element, the Finger time-tracking element utilizes this three road prompt characters energy sequence to determine to send to the sample time control signal that integration is owed sampler, utilizes the sample time control signal to adjust integration and owes sampler in advance or postpone the sample time point (adjusting 3/M original chip time) from the original I/Q data of analog baseband circuitry at every turn.
The Finger lock indicator is according to the prompt character energy of the synchronous I/Q symbol sebolic addressing of input with from the sub-district band internal power measured value of Energy Estimation device, calculate the lock condition of Finger to the current area pilot signal, and output locking indication, send to Finger control unit, Finger time-tracking element respectively, remove phase place rotation merge cells.
The quadrature code channel separates the quadrature that despread unit finishes each code channel data that synchronous I/Q data sequence signal comprises and separates.Usually the quadrature code channel separates the data separating that despread unit is finished 5 ~ 6 quadrature code channels.Its input is respectively: one) synchronous I/Q data sequence and two) orthogonal channel sign indicating number.
The separation of quadrature code channel is multiplied each other by synchronous I/Q data sequence and each orthogonal channel sign indicating number and is realized.For cdma2000, the orthogonal channel sign indicating number is the WALSH sequence.For WCDMA and TD-SCDMA, the orthogonal sequence sign indicating number is OVSF (orthogonal variable length spreading factor) sign indicating number sequence.
Synchronously I/Q data sequence and the output that each orthogonal channel sign indicating number multiplies each other send to the integration gatherer of corresponding code channel respectively, and realization is further finished despreading process to isolating the code channel data.The output of integration gatherer is the I/Q data (result after the despreading) of the symbol sebolic addressing of each code channel transmission.The I/Q data of symbol sebolic addressing are through after the vector dot product device after the despreading, promptly obtain the symbol sebolic addressing after the demodulation.
Channel estimator is used to estimate the needed weight coefficient of symbol demodulation process of each quadrature code channel, and will calculate weight coefficient and send to the vector dot product device of finishing each quadrature code channel symbol demodulation, the vector dot product device uses weight coefficient to finish demodulation to the code channel transmission symbol.
The closed power of descending (forward direction) Traffic Channel for finishing and Dedicated Control Channel is controlled, and needs to estimate the signal interference ratio of channel.And,, adopt the power control bit to estimate the channel signal interference ratio for descending (forward direction) fundamental service channel and Dedicated Control Channel.For this reason, orthogonal channel separate and demodulating unit in, use power control bit buffer unit is used for descending (forward direction) fundamental service channel that buffer memory Finger extracted and the power control bit sequence of Dedicated Control Channel.
In random sequence descrambling unit, the output of I/Q integration gatherer is time synchronized I/Q symbol synchronously.The output of time synchronized I/Q symbol is divided into three the tunnel, first via time of delivery (TOD) synchronous I/Q symbol instantaneous energy estimator; The second the tunnel delivers to channel estimator, is used to estimate the needed weight coefficient of symbol demodulation process of each quadrature code channel; The second the tunnel delivers to automatic frequency control (AFC) unit, adjusts the frequency of local carrier.(the automatic frequency control unit is accepted the time synchronized I/Q symbol of each Finger demodulating unit output in Finger demodulating unit outside.)
For finishing the closed power control of forward direction (descending) traffic channel full rate (complement channel/downlink grouped channel etc.), need to estimate the signal interference ratio of channel.In orthogonal channel separation and demodulating unit, utilize the signal interference ratio of the instantaneous energy estimation channel of full speed channel transmission symbol.The instantaneous energy of full speed channel transmission symbol is estimated to be sent to descending (forward direction) power control unit, is used for further estimating the signal interference ratio of channel.
The Rake receiver adopts a plurality of Finger demodulating units, detect and demodulate the signal component of the highest multipath transmission of several signal to noise ratios respectively, these components are delayed time and phasing, make it at a time to align, and merge by certain rule, thereby eliminate the phase place rotation, and improve signal to noise ratio.Go phase place rotation combiner promptly be used to finish to multipath component delay time, phasing, time unifying, and merge.Remove phase place rotation combiner at each, have only the Finger demodulating unit output of locking just to be used to phase place rotation merging.(go phase place rotation combiner in Finger demodulating unit outside, accept the symbol sebolic addressing of each Finger demodulation output.)
Go the output of phase place rotation combiner to be sent to channel-decoding unit (Viterbi decoding unit/Turbo decoding unit), further finish the channel-decoding process.(the channel-decoding unit is in the outside of Rake receiver.)
The power control bit is used for the signal to noise ratio of the signals and associated noises that the variable down physical channel of estimated transmission bit rate receives.For each variable rate transmission down physical channel, each finger can provide one tunnel power control bit sequence.Power control bit merge cells finishes that the power control bit sequence that each Finger is provided is delayed time, time unifying, and merges.The output of power control bit merge cells is sent to the descending power control unit.(power control bit merge cells, descending power control unit are in Finger demodulating unit outside.)
The Energy Estimation device is used to measure band self-energy (the In Band Energy) intensity that each sub-district sends signal, thereby realizes the function of search best cell.The output of Energy Estimation device is sent to and receives automatic gain control unit and Finger locking indicating member, is respectively applied for the lock-out state that receives automatic gain controlling and judge corresponding Finger.(the Energy Estimation device is in Finger demodulating unit outside.)
I/Q analog-to-digital conversion dc offset voltage controller carries out integration, owes sampling and filtering the original I/O signal from analog baseband circuitry, estimate the error of I/Q analog-to-digital conversion dc offset voltage then, and then adjust I/Q analog-to-digital conversion dc offset voltage, obtain maximum I/Q analog-to-digital conversion dynamic range.The output of I/Q analog-to-digital conversion dc offset voltage controller is sent to the I/Q AD conversion unit.(I/Q analog-to-digital conversion dc offset voltage controller is in Finger demodulating unit outside, and the I/Q AD conversion unit is in analog baseband circuitry).
In sum, the novel Rake receiver system that the present invention proposes has complete function, advantage that integrated level is high, can be used for 3G terminal equipment and base-station transceiver system.This novel Rake receiver, almost can finish all other the 3G receiver function except channel-decoding (Viterbi decoding, Turbo decoding), comprise that sub-district inband signaling ionization meter (Cell searching/selection/reselection), random sequence descrambling, orthogonal channel separate that demodulation, district pilots are followed the tracks of synchronously, Finger time-tracking, Finger locking indication, channel estimating, go the phase place rotation to merge, receive automatic gain controlling, the control of descending (forward direction) closed power, automatic frequency control etc.Advanced technology, maturity is good, is very suitable for being embedded in the communication chip realizing with hardware mode, can be directly commercial.
What need understand is: though the foregoing description is to the present invention's detailed explanation of contrasting; but these explanations are just illustrative to the present invention; rather than limitation of the present invention, any innovation and creation that do not exceed in the connotation of the present invention all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of novel high integrated level insertible Rake receiver system, comprise several Finger demodulating units, random sequence code generator, the orthogonal channel code generator that contain general Rake receiver and have usually, remove phase place rotation combiner, it is characterized in that: also comprise following functional unit:
(1) Energy Estimation device and output;
(2) I/Q analog-to-digital conversion dc offset voltage controller and output;
(3) power control bit merge cells and output;
(4) time synchronized I/Q symbol output (being used for automatic frequency control);
(5) the full speed channel symbol energy is estimated output;
(6) receive automatic gain controller and output;
(7) automatic frequency controller.
2, novel high integrated level insertible Rake receiver system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: these Finger demodulating units are owed sampler, random sequence descrambling unit, quadrature code channel and are separated the demodulating unit except that comprising integration that general Finger demodulating unit has usually, also comprise following functional unit:
(1) Finger time-tracking element;
(2) Finger lock indicator;
(3) Finger control unit;
(4) channel estimator;
(5) power control bit buffer unit;
(6) time synchronized I/Q symbol output;
(7) the full speed channel symbol energy is estimated output.
3, novel high integrated level insertible Rake receiver system according to claim 2 is characterized in that:
1. integration is owed the output of sampler, send into randomization sign indicating number descrambling unit after, be divided into synchronous random sequence descrambler of three tunnel, one tunnel time of delivery (TOD), leading random sequence descrambler of the second tunnel time of delivery (TOD), Third Road time of delivery (TOD) delay random sequence descrambler.The I/Q chip time of the I/Q chip time ratio time synchronized random sequence descrambler descrambles of the descrambling of time lead random sequence descrambler shifts to an earlier date 3/M chip, and wherein M is the integration chip lengths (being the i/q signal speed of Analog Baseband input and the ratio between the random code sequence rate) that integration is owed sampler.And an I/Q chip 3/M time lag chip of the I/Q chip time ratio time synchronized random sequence descrambler descrambles of the descrambling of time delay random sequence descrambler; The output of time synchronized random sequence descrambler is synchronous I/Q data, and I/Q data sequence output synchronously is divided into two-way, and the first via sends to synchronous I/Q integration gatherer, and the second the tunnel delivers to the quadrature code channel separates despread unit; The output of time lead random sequence descrambler is leading I/Q data, and leading I/Q data sequence sends to leading I/Q integration gatherer; The output of time delay random sequence descrambler is and postpones the I/Q data, postpones the I/Q data sequence and sends to delay I/Q integration gatherer;
2. (synchronously, leading, postpone) three road I/Q data sequences, promptly obtain (synchronously, leading, postpone) three road I/Q symbol sebolic addressings through separately I/Q integration gatherer; Need calculate the prompt character energy of three road I/Q symbol sebolic addressings respectively, three road prompt character energy sequence that will obtain then all send to the Finger time-tracking element.
3. the Finger time-tracking element utilizes this three road prompt characters energy sequence to determine to send to the sample time control signal that integration is owed sampler, utilizes the sample time control signal to adjust integration and owes sampler in advance or postpone the sample time point (adjusting 3/M original chip time) from the original I/Q data of analog baseband circuitry at every turn.
4, novel high integrated level insertible Rake receiver system according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
1. the Energy Estimation device is used to measure band self-energy (the In Band Energy) intensity that each sub-district sends signal, thereby realizes the function of search best cell;
2. in order to obtain the input of Energy Estimation device, need be to carry out short period integration (I signal and Q signal be integration respectively) respectively from the original I/Q data of analog baseband circuitry, integral result is constituted a new I/Q data sequence, and the data transfer rate of new I/Q data sequence is identical with randomization sign indicating number sequence rate;
3. after, calculate the instantaneous chip energy of new I/Q data sequence, with of the input of instantaneous chip energy sequence as the Energy Estimation device;
4. the output of Energy Estimation device is sent to and receives automatic gain control unit and Finger locking indicating member, is respectively applied for the lock-out state that receives automatic gain controlling and judge corresponding Finger.
5, novel high integrated level insertible Rake receiver system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: I/Q analog-to-digital conversion dc offset voltage controller carries out integration, owes sampling and filtering the original I/O signal from analog baseband circuitry, estimate the error of I/Q analog-to-digital conversion dc offset voltage then, and then adjust I/Q analog-to-digital conversion dc offset voltage, obtain maximum I/Q modulus (A/D) conversion dynamic range; The output of I/Q analog-to-digital conversion dc offset voltage controller is sent to I/Q AD conversion unit (in analog baseband circuitry).
6, novel high integrated level insertible Rake receiver system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the output of Energy Estimation device is sent to the reception automatic gain control unit, receive the output result of automatic gain controlling according to the Energy Estimation device, adjust the dc offset voltage of front end linear amplifier, thereby adjust the linear Amplifier Gain of front end.
7, novel high integrated level insertible Rake receiver system according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
1. in the random sequence descrambling subelement of Finger demodulating unit, the output of I/Q integration gatherer is time synchronized I/Q symbol sebolic addressing synchronously; The output of time synchronized I/Q symbol sebolic addressing is divided into three the tunnel, first via time of delivery (TOD) synchronous I/Q symbol instantaneous energy estimator; The second the tunnel delivers to channel estimator, is used to estimate the needed weight coefficient of symbol demodulation process of each quadrature code channel; Third Road is delivered to automatic frequency control (AFC) unit, adjusts the frequency of local carrier.
2. automatic frequency controller is accepted the time synchronized I/Q symbol sebolic addressing from the inner a plurality of Finger demodulating unit outputs of Rake receiver, according to the time synchronized I/Q symbol sebolic addressing of a plurality of Finger demodulating unit outputs, adjusts the frequency of local carrier.
8, novel high integrated level insertible Rake receiver system according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
1. the power control bit is used for the signal to noise ratio of the signals and associated noises that the variable down physical channel of estimated transmission bit rate receives.
2. for each variable rate transmission down physical channel, each finger can provide one tunnel power control bit sequence.
3. power control bit merge cells finishes that the power control bit sequence that each Finger is provided is delayed time, time unifying, and merges.The output of power control bit merge cells is sent to the descending power control unit.
9, novel high integrated level insertible Rake receiver system according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the Finger lock indicator is according to the prompt character energy of the synchronous I/Q symbol sebolic addressing of input with from the sub-district band internal power measured value of Energy Estimation device, calculate the lock condition of Finger to the current area pilot signal, and output locking indication, send to Finger control unit, Finger time-tracking element respectively, remove phase place rotation merge cells.
10, novel high integrated level insertible Rake receiver system according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: channel estimator is used to estimate the needed weight coefficient of symbol demodulation process of each quadrature code channel, and will calculate weight coefficient and send to the vector dot product device of finishing each quadrature code channel symbol demodulation, the vector dot product device uses weight coefficient to finish demodulation to the code channel transmission symbol; The Finger control unit sends adjustment of random sequence chip offset and/or time delay and adjusts signal to the random sequence code generator according to Finger locking indication, and control random sequence code generator is adjusted chip offset and/or time delay.
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| CNB2005101027267A CN100364242C (en) | 2005-09-13 | 2005-09-13 | Novel high integrated level insertible Rake receiver system |
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| CNB2005101027267A CN100364242C (en) | 2005-09-13 | 2005-09-13 | Novel high integrated level insertible Rake receiver system |
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| CN100364242C CN100364242C (en) | 2008-01-23 |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101627550B (en) * | 2006-12-21 | 2013-08-14 | 辉达技术英国有限公司 | Closed-loop digital power control for wireless transmitter |
| CN107154813A (en) * | 2016-03-06 | 2017-09-12 | 南京理工大学 | Adaptive Rake receivers and method of reseptance |
| CN107872236A (en) * | 2016-09-26 | 2018-04-03 | 波音公司 | The signal of frequency spectrum for checking another signal removes |
| CN111224749A (en) * | 2020-01-08 | 2020-06-02 | 重庆邮电大学 | Method and system for diversity combining transmission of signals in heterogeneous transmission medium |
| US11726351B2 (en) | 2018-11-05 | 2023-08-15 | Smith Sport Optics, Inc. | Goggle lens with compound curvature for downward field of view enhancement |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FI106897B (en) * | 1998-09-14 | 2001-04-30 | Nokia Networks Oy | RAKE receiver |
| EP1145459B1 (en) * | 1999-11-26 | 2006-05-24 | Nokia Corporation | Rake receiver |
| GB2366970A (en) * | 2000-09-14 | 2002-03-20 | Ubinetics Ltd | Rake receiver |
| GB2369275B (en) * | 2000-11-21 | 2004-07-07 | Ubinetics Ltd | A rake receiver and a method of providing a frequency error estimate |
-
2005
- 2005-09-13 CN CNB2005101027267A patent/CN100364242C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101627550B (en) * | 2006-12-21 | 2013-08-14 | 辉达技术英国有限公司 | Closed-loop digital power control for wireless transmitter |
| CN107154813A (en) * | 2016-03-06 | 2017-09-12 | 南京理工大学 | Adaptive Rake receivers and method of reseptance |
| CN107154813B (en) * | 2016-03-06 | 2020-01-24 | 南京理工大学 | Adaptive Rake receiver and receiving method |
| CN107872236A (en) * | 2016-09-26 | 2018-04-03 | 波音公司 | The signal of frequency spectrum for checking another signal removes |
| US11726351B2 (en) | 2018-11-05 | 2023-08-15 | Smith Sport Optics, Inc. | Goggle lens with compound curvature for downward field of view enhancement |
| CN111224749A (en) * | 2020-01-08 | 2020-06-02 | 重庆邮电大学 | Method and system for diversity combining transmission of signals in heterogeneous transmission medium |
| CN111224749B (en) * | 2020-01-08 | 2022-08-09 | 重庆邮电大学 | Method and system for diversity combining transmission of signals in heterogeneous transmission medium |
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|---|---|
| CN100364242C (en) | 2008-01-23 |
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