CN1701555A - Method for processing RF signals in multi-antenna systems - Google Patents

Method for processing RF signals in multi-antenna systems Download PDF

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CN1701555A
CN1701555A CNA200480000885XA CN200480000885A CN1701555A CN 1701555 A CN1701555 A CN 1701555A CN A200480000885X A CNA200480000885X A CN A200480000885XA CN 200480000885 A CN200480000885 A CN 200480000885A CN 1701555 A CN1701555 A CN 1701555A
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CN100407613C (en
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贡三元
安德里亚斯·莫利施
张新颖
张锦云
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Mitsubishi Electric Corp
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/08Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
    • H04B7/0868Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and combining
    • H04B7/0874Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and combining using subgroups of receive antennas
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0686Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0691Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission using subgroups of transmit antennas
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/08Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
    • H04B7/0802Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using antenna selection
    • H04B7/0805Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using antenna selection with single receiver and antenna switching
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/08Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
    • H04B7/0837Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using pre-detection combining
    • H04B7/0842Weighted combining
    • H04B7/0848Joint weighting
    • H04B7/0857Joint weighting using maximum ratio combining techniques, e.g. signal-to- interference ratio [SIR], received signal strenght indication [RSS]

Abstract

A method for antenna subset selection by joint processing in RF and baseband in a multi-antenna systems. Lt input data streams are generated in a transmitter for either diversity transmission or multiplexing transmission. These streams are modulated to RF signals. These signals are switched to the t branches associated with the t transmit antennas, and a phase-shift transformation is applied to the RF signals by a txt matrix multiplication operator Phi1, whose output are t>=Lt RF signals. These signals are transmitted over a channel by t antennas. The transmitted signals are received by r antennas in a receiver. A phase-shift transformation is applied to the r RF signals by a rxr matrix multiplication operator Phi2. Lr branches of these phase shifted streams are demodulated and further processed in baseband to recover the input data streams.

Description

In multiaerial system, handle the method for radiofrequency signal
Technical field
The present invention relates generally to multiple antenna communication, and particularly, the present invention relates in this system, handle the RF signal that sends by the space correlation channel.
Background technology
Multiaerial system just is being widely regarded as the most feasible method of the bandwidth efficiency that is used for significantly increasing wireless system for transmitting data.In MIMO (multiple-input and multiple-output) system, all dispose a plurality of antennas at the transmitter and receiver place.In MISO (the single output of many inputs) system, receiver has only an antenna, and has a plurality of transmitting antennas to be used to send diversity.In SIMO (the many outputs of single input) system, transmitter has only an antenna, and uses a plurality of antennas in receiver one side.
If given a plurality of antennas then can utilize the Spatial Dimension of channel to improve the performance of Radio Link.Common described performance is measured as the mean bit rate (bit/s) that described Radio Link can provide according to application, perhaps is measured as average error rate (BER).
If given multi-antenna channel, duplex method and a transmission bandwidth, then described multiaerial system can be categorized as arrowband or broadband (being described channel smooth or frequency selective fading in described system bandwidth), and have all or part of or do not have channel condition information (CSI).
A plurality of antennas provide the performance that strengthens.Studies show that and to use a plurality of antennas that space diversity is provided, and/or increase information theory capacity (quantity speed), for example referring to " channel, propagation and the antenna that are used for mobile communication " (Channels of Vaughn and Anderson, propagation, and antennas for mobile communications), IEE publishing house, 2003; People's such as Telatar " capacity of many antennas Gaussian channel " (" Capacity ofMulti-Antenna Gaussian Channels "), european telecommunication journal (EuropeanTrans.on Telecomm.), the 10th volume, NO.6, the 585-596 page or leaf, in November, 1999-December; " the relevant capacity that in the Rayleigh fading environment, possesses the wireless communication system of diversity " (" the On the Capacity of Radio Communication Systems withDiversity in Rayleigh Fading Environments ") of Winters, IEEE J.Selected AreasComm., 1987; And people such as Tarokh " the space-time coding that is used for high data rate wireless communication: performance criteria and coding structure " (" Space-time Codes for HighData Rate Wireless Communication:Performance Criterion and CodeConstruction "), IEEE information theory journal, the 44th volume, the 744-765 page or leaf, in March, 1999.
But, disadvantageously, utilize the operation of a plurality of RF links to increase complexity and cost.Can use a kind of day line options technology to determine the antenna subset an of the best.When reducing the quantity of required RF link, so still, can produce improved performance, " capacity that possesses the mimo system of day line options " (" Capacity of MIMO Systemswith Antenna Selection ") referring to people such as Molisch, Proc.IEEE Intl.Comm.Conf., the 570-574 page or leaf, calendar year 2001, and people such as Gore " utilizing the MIMO antenna subset of space-time coding to select " (" MIMO Antenna Subset Selection with Space-TimeCoding "), IEEE signal processing journal, the 50th volume, NO.10,2580-2588 page or leaf, in October, 2002.
The sky line options technology of most prior aries focuses only on a subclass selecting antenna before down conversion and Base-Band Processing.This (space) day line options technology is worked very good in some cases, and promptly under following situation: (i) selected antenna amount only is slightly less than the quantity of available antenna unit, and (ii) mimo channel is space-independent.
But, in actual conditions, very general at the dependent scattering of transmitter and receiver aerial array.Because the directional transmissions in the wireless environment, according to the angle of emergence and incidence angle at the antenna place, signal waveform can be correlated with to heavens.
The prior art sky line options technology of only operating in spatial domain is being handled thisly when relevant, and it has serious deterioration at aspect of performance.And even for weak relevant, when the quantity of selected antenna during significantly less than the quantity of available antenna, the antenna of prior art also demonstrates serious performance loss.
So expectation provides a kind of RF signal processing technology that overcomes the problems referred to above in the prior art.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of system and method for in multiple antenna communication, selecting based on the antenna subset of radio frequency and the processing of base band allied signal.Described system is designed to full-diversity transmission or multiplexed transmission in relevant and non-correlation channel.
The present invention uses phase-shift operations in radio frequency (RF) link.Described operation can perhaps before the sky of receiver line options, perhaps be carried out after the sky of transmitter line options simultaneously in the above two kinds of cases.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a use according to the block diagram of the multiaerial system of the associating RF/ base band signal process that is used for day line options of the present invention; With
Fig. 2 and 3 is curve charts of comparison RF signal processing technology.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 shows the multiaerial system 100 of use according to antenna selecting method of the present invention.In a transmitter 1, produce L tIndividual data flow 101.These data flow can be to obtain by the space-time encoder, i.e. unlike signal in multiplexed transmission, or utilize different weighted codings, i.e. same signal in diversity transmission.The modulated 110 one-tenth passband RF signals of described signal flow.The L in t the branch 121 that is associated with t transmitting antenna received these signal chains by selector switch 120 tIndividual (t 〉=the L of branch t).In the present invention, before they being delivered to t transmitting antenna, by a t * t matrix operator Φ 1 T passband branch 121 carried out conversion 130, and transmit them by channel 140.
At a receiver 2, receive described signal by r antenna via channel 140.By a r * r matrix operator Φ 2The signal that conversion 150 is received, and select 160 L in the figure signal rIndividual signal, L here rr.Demodulation 170 and further Base-Band Processing 180 selected signals 161 are to detect described data flow 101.Can be with the L in t the switch in transmitter and receiver tIndividual output and t * t matrix operator Φ 1Cascade be considered as and be embodied as t * L tMatrix operator.
In order to reduce the realization cost of radio frequency, the input item of matrix operator is limited in pure phase-shifter usually and does not have power amplifier.The corresponding matrix Φ that can also for example make in another link ends 2Or Φ 1For unit matrix only at transmitter or only in receiver, realize these input items.
System and channel model
In order to describe operating principle of the present invention, to use well-known channel model, " the relevant influence that reaches it to the multiple antenna power system capacity of decline " (" FadingCorrelation and Its Effect on the Capacity of Multi-element AntennaSystems ") referring to people such as Shiu, the ieee communication journal, 48 hurdles, the 502-513 page or leaf, in March, 2000, people's such as B lcskei " performance evaluation of space-time encoding in relevant Rayleigh fading environment " (" Performance Analysis of Space-Time Codes in CorrelatedRayleigh Fading Environments "), Proc.Asilomar Conf.Signals, Syst.Comput., the 687-693 page or leaf, in November, 2000, people's such as Gore " utilizing the MIMO antenna subset of space-time coding to select " (" MIMO Antenna Subset Selection withSpace-Time Coding "), IEEE signal processing journal, the 50th volume, NO.10, the 2580-2588 page or leaf, in October, 2002.But we notice that the present invention do not depend on described channel model.
The model representation of channel transfer functions H is:
H=R 1/2WT 1/2 (1)
Here W is the Rayleigh fading matrix with the multiple Gauss input item~Nc (0,1) of i.i.d.Correlation matrix R represents to receive relevant with transmission respectively with T.The size of R and T is respectively r * r and t * t.This model usually when hypothesis independently send with receive when relevant effective.
For the ease of performance evaluation, we have introduced the singular value decomposition (SVD) of transfer function matrix H: H=U ∑ V *, U and V are respectively the left side of expression H and the unitary matrix in right singular vector space here; And ∑ is the diagonal matrix that the whole singular values by H constitute.For convenience's sake, we are with λ i(H) be expressed as the i maximum singular value of matrix H, and
Figure A20048000088500071
(H), (H) be with respect to λ i(H) left and right sides singular vector of H.Here we use ' * ' to represent the conjugate transpose (this has reduced the complex conjugate that is used for a scalar) of vector or matrix.
Diversity transmission
Complete complexity (FC) MRT/MRC scheme
The system 100 that represents to possess diversity transmission by a linear equation 2.
x → ( k ) = H v → s ( k ) + n → ( k ) - - - ( 2 )
Here, s (k) ∈ C sends stream, x → ( k ) ∈ C r It is the subclass of the sampling storehouse of complex value receiver data sequence.Total transmitted power is restricted to P.Thermal noise n → ( k ) ∈ C r Be to have independent real part and imaginary part and variances sigma 2 nI rWhite i.i.d Gaussian random process, and
Figure A20048000088500084
Be satisfied | | v → | | = 1 T dimension transmitter weighing vector.At described receiver, utilize complex weighting
Figure A20048000088500086
Weighting and addition received signal Sent the soft estimation of symbols streams to provide.
If there is not a day line options, then pass through at receiver usage factor vector
Figure A20048000088500088
Whole r observation streams are carried out linear combination come estimated information stream s (k):
s ^ ( k ) = u → * H v → s ( k ) + u → * n → ( k ) . - - - ( 3 )
After combination, estimate that SNR is:
ϵ [ | u → * H v → s ( k ) ] | 2 | u → * n → ( k ) | 2 = ρ | u → * H v → | 2 | u → * | 2 . - - - ( 4 )
Here, the SNR of nominal is ρ=P/ σ 2 nIn order to maximize estimated SNR, use maximum rate to send and max ratio combined, that is,
Figure A200480000885000811
Be corresponding to maximum singular value λ among the U (V) 1(H) singular vector.Therefore resulting estimation SNR is ρ λ 1 2(H).
(HS) MRT/MRC method is selected in traditional mixing
L in selection and r reception antenna of combination rDuring individual antenna, each selects option corresponding to a L on the described transfer function r* r selection matrix, wherein each selects option to extract the L that is associated with selected antenna from the r of matrix H is capable rOK.We are with S rBe expressed as the collection of whole this selection matrixs.In like manner, in transmitting terminal, can pass through a t * L tMatrix notation is selected L from t is selected tIndividual, and pass through S tRepresent to send the collection of selection matrix.For any selection option (S 1∈ S t, S 2∈ S r), respectively at L tIndividual transmission and L rThe individual SNR that obtains a best in the branch via a kind of similar MRT and MRC that receives:
max u → ∈ C L r max | | v → | | = 1 ρ | | u → * S 2 H S 1 v → | | 2 | | u → | | 2 = ρ λ 1 2 ( S 2 H S 1 ) . - - - ( 5 )
Described HS-MRC scheme is at S tAnd S rWhole unit in select best antenna subset selection matrix (S 1, S 2), these matrixes have maximized the SNR of above-mentioned estimation:
SNR HS = max S 2 ∈ S r max S 1 ∈ S t ρ λ 1 2 ( S 2 H S 1 ) . - - - ( 6 )
Method (FFTS) based on FFT
In order to tackle the mimo channel of height correlation, operator (Φ tOr Φ r) 450 can be the fast Fourier transform matrix of following form:
Here W r=2 π/r.This matrix of normalization is to keep noise level.Pass through a similar MRT/MRC after FFT in selected branch, the SNR of best estimate will be:
SNR FFTS = max S 2 ∈ S r max S 1 ∈ S t ρ λ 1 2 ( S 2 Φ r H Φ t S t ) . - - - ( 7 )
Phase shift and system of selection (PSS)
A kind of in the present invention more general design is at conversion Φ 1130 (and/or Φ 2150) allow to have only the input item of phase shift in.In this case, described transformation matrix 130 (150) and described selection 120 (160) can be integrated into a t * L with input item of having only phase shift t(or L r* r) in the matrix.Pass through F t(or F r) collection of all these transmissions of expression (or reception) matrix.In this method, utilize two phase shift matrix F 1∈ F tAnd F 2∈ F r, to pseudo channel F 2HF 1Carry out linear combination.As mentioned above, be used for (F 2, F 1) the SNR of optimal selection be:
SNR PSS = max u → ∈ C L r max v → ∈ C L t max F 1 ∈ F t max F 2 ∈ F r ρ | | u → * F 2 H F 1 v → | | 2 | | u → * F 2 | | 2 | | F 1 v → | | 2 . - - - ( 8 )
Work as L r〉=2 and L t, can derive the optimum solution of equation (8) at 〉=2 o'clock in a kind of sealing mode.
With F 2In cell list be shown [F 2] M, n=exp (j φ M, n) and the singular vector of H is expressed as F 2The optimal selection of middle phase place is
Figure A20048000088500097
Here, β max = max 1 ≤ i ≤ r β i 1 And β min = min 1 ≤ i ≤ r β i 1 . F 2Other row can at random design.Pass through in a kind of similar mode Replace
Figure A200480000885000911
Derive F 1In the optimal phase shift device.By this selection, PSS can realize the SNR identical with FC-MRT/MRC.
Work as L r=1 or L tDuring=1 (perhaps simultaneously all equaling 1), can not there be the closed-form solution of (8) usually; We provide a kind of and have approached very much peaked suboptimal solution in (8):
φ 1i=- r1。(10)
Multiplexed transmission
Complete complexity (FC) scheme
The system 100 that possesses multiplexed transmission can be expressed as:
x → ( k ) = H s → ( k ) + n → ( k ) , - - - ( 11 )
Here s (k) ∈ C tBe the different t dimensional vectors that send sequence of expression now.Hypothesis to channel and noise is identical with the situation of diversity transmission.In order to support multiplex data stream, for the capacity of described system, capacity is an important tolerance.
If there is not a day line options, then can use a kind of " water filling " power division to maximize the information rate that original channel is supported.Originally the capacity of system is:
C FC = Σ i = 1 min ( t , r ) [ log 2 ρ t μλ i 2 ( H ) ] + , - - - ( 12 )
Here definition [a] +Be that max (a, 0) and μ are satisfied Σ i = 1 min ( t , r ) [ μ - t ρ λ i 2 ( H ) ] + = t Constant.
(HS) method is selected in traditional mixing
When from the individual transmission of t (r) (reception) antenna, selecting L t(L r) during individual antenna, the heap(ed) capacity that the traditional antenna selection scheme is provided is:
C HS = max S 1 ∈ S t max S 2 ∈ S r Σ i = 1 k ( S 2 H S 1 ) [ log 2 ρ t μλ i 2 ( S 2 H S 1 ) ] + , - - - ( 13 )
Here μ depends on (S 1, S 2) and satisfy Σ i = 1 min ( L t , L r ) [ μ - t ρλ i 2 ( S 2 H S 1 ) ] + = t .
Method (FFTS) based on FFT
Similar with the FFTS in the diversity transmission situation, insert the FFT matrix in the RF link and in the selector switch.The capacity that utilizes the optimal selection of FFT to transmit is:
C FFTS = max S 1 ∈ S t max S 2 ∈ S r Σ i = 1 min ( L t , L r ) [ log 2 ρ t μλ i 2 ( S 2 Φ r H Φ t S 1 ) ] + , - - - ( 14 )
Restrictive condition is Σ i = 1 min ( L t , L r ) [ μ - t ρλ i 2 ( S 2 Φ r H Φ t S 1 ) ] + = t .
Phase shift and system of selection (PSS)
For the PSS method, we use representation same as described above:
C PSS = max F 1 ∈ F t max F 2 ∈ F r Σ i = 1 L [ log 2 ρ t μλ i 2 ( F 2 H F 1 ) ] +
Portion C SI
Just partly estimating under the situation of described channel, the invention provides a kind of interchangeable method.In this case, do not know instantaneous channel status, but only know a period of time at interval on average channel status, for example typically but be not limited to, several milliseconds to the hundreds of millisecond.This situation typically betides the transmitter in the frequency division duplex system.
In these cases, the purpose of conversion is the described transmission signal of conversion by this way, makes that signal has excellent characteristic selecting to handle afterwards on average, for example high power capacity.
Aforesaid way the desired value capacity that can obtain be:
E { C PSS } = max F 1 ∈ F t max F 2 ∈ F r E { Σ i = 1 L [ log 2 ρ t μλ i 2 ( F 2 H F 1 ) ] + }
The desired value of described capacity is unique a kind of possible criterion.For capacity matrix, other criterions have caused different values.
Effect of the present invention
Fig. 2 has compared the SNR gain of above-mentioned four kinds of methods, and described gain changes with the antenna spacing with diversity transmission.The parameter of system is t=8, r=8, L t=1, L r=2.For height correlation, promptly little antenna spacing, FFTS method of the present invention has obviously big SNR gain than traditional HS-MRT/MRC method.Generally speaking, no matter the degree of correlation of channel how, PPS method of the present invention can both be better than the system of selection of two kinds of prior aries.In fact, utilize two or more RF branch, described PPS method can obtain the SNR gain of complete complexity method.
Fig. 3 has shown 5% outage capacity of four kinds of methods that are used for multiplexed transmission.System parameters is t=3, r=8, L t=3, L r=3, ρ=20dB.Can draw a kind of similar conclusion from figure: described FFTS demonstrates for the performance of height correlation channel and improves, PPS for strong and weak work relevant fine.
The present invention that used concrete term and case description.Should be understood that and in the principle and scope of the present invention, can make various other adaptive and modifications.Therefore, the purpose of appended claims book is to cover whole these variants and modifications that are positioned at the principle of the invention and scope.

Claims (15)

1, a kind of in multiaerial system the method for processing RF signals, comprising:
In a transmitter, produce L tIndividual input traffic;
With this L tThe input traffic of individual weighting is modulated into the RF signal;
Described RF signal is switched to t 〉=L tIndividual RF branch;
By t * t matrix multiplication operation Φ 1To described RF signal application phase shift conversion, the output of described conversion is t RF signal;
On a channel, send described t RF signal by t antenna;
In a receiver, receive described transmission signal by r antenna;
By r * r matrix multiplication operation Φ 2To r RF signal application phase shift conversion;
From r stream, select L rIndividual branch;
The described L of demodulation rIndividual signal flow; And
Base-Band Processing is to recover the output stream corresponding to described input traffic.
2, method according to claim 1, wherein L tEach data flow in the individual input traffic has a weighting, and described method further comprises:
Before described demodulation sign indicating number, to described L rIndividual weighted data stream is sued for peace.
3, method according to claim 1 wherein produces described L by a space-time block encoder tIndividual input traffic.
4, method according to claim 1 wherein produces described L by a space-time grid encoder tIndividual input traffic.
5, method according to claim 1, wherein said input traffic are the space-time hierarchies.
6, method according to claim 1, wherein t=L t, and matrix Φ 1It is a unit matrix.
7, method according to claim 1, wherein r=L r, and matrix Φ 2It is a unit matrix.
8, method according to claim 1, wherein matrix Φ 1Input item comprise the item that has only the constant coefficients phase place.
9, method according to claim 1, wherein matrix Φ 2Input item comprise the item that has only the constant coefficients phase place.
10, method according to claim 1, wherein matrix Φ 1And Φ 2Input item comprise the item that has only the constant coefficients phase place.
11, method according to claim 8, wherein said have only the item of phase place to be suitable for instantaneous channel status is estimated.
12, method according to claim 8, wherein said have only the item of phase place to be suitable for average channel condition is estimated.
13, method according to claim 1, wherein matrix Φ 1It is a fast Fourier transform matrix.
14, method according to claim 1, wherein matrix Φ 2It is a fast Fourier transform matrix.
15, method according to claim 1, wherein matrix Φ 1And Φ 2It is the fast Fourier transform matrix.
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