CN1697421A - Method for implementing tunnel relay in network for carrying out conversion of network address - Google Patents
Method for implementing tunnel relay in network for carrying out conversion of network address Download PDFInfo
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- CN1697421A CN1697421A CNA2004100444598A CN200410044459A CN1697421A CN 1697421 A CN1697421 A CN 1697421A CN A2004100444598 A CNA2004100444598 A CN A2004100444598A CN 200410044459 A CN200410044459 A CN 200410044459A CN 1697421 A CN1697421 A CN 1697421A
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Abstract
Public network IPv4 address of NAT device and private IPv4 address of host at client end under NAT device are packed at low 64 bits of IPv6 address. Further, using prefix published by borderline router constructs IPv6 address, which is assigned to the said host at client end. When host at client end sends message to IPv6 network or receives message from IPv6 network, NAT device and borderline router carry out second time of tunnel pack and de-pack so as to form tunnel relay. Thus, message of overcrossing NAT device can be transferred between private network and IPv6 network. Ensuring that the tunnel crosses over NAT device, the invention simplifies network structure, lowers deployment difficulty and raises communication efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to communication technical field, when relating in particular to a kind of the 4th edition (IPv4) network of Internet protocol that carries out network address translation (nat), carry out the method for tunnel relaying to Internet protocol sixth version (IPv6) network transition.
Background technology
The deployment of IPv6 (Internet protocol sixth version) is a process that progressively enlarges, and the service that the node visit IPv6 in original IPv4 (Internet protocol the 4th edition) network provides need connect the IPv6 network by tunneling technique.Because NAT (network address translation) technology is widely applied in the IPv4 network, be an important problem so how to make the main frame of hanging under the NAT device also can visit the IPv6 network by the tunnel.Dual stack node passes in the transitional technology of IPv4 NAT access to netwoks IPv6 network in the IPv4 network, has only Teredo (Tunneling IPv6 over UDP throughNATs promptly passes the IPv6 tunnel on the UDP of being carried on of NATs) at present.
In the Ipv4 network, NAT makes inner private network can only use less the Internet valid ip address by the mode of address transition, just can obtain the ability that the Internet inserts, and has alleviated the problem of address shortage effectively, and certain fail safe is provided simultaneously.NAT can realize by means of some acting server, or directly realize on router.NAT has following three types:
1, taper NAT (Cone NATs)
In the mapping item of NAT, only preserve the mapping of inner (private network) address and port numbers to outside (public network) address and port numbers.In case the NAT mapping table is established, come from so any source, going into packet and can be changed to outside (public network) address and port numbers by NAT.
2, limited NAT (Restricted NATs)
In the NAT mapping table, preserve home address and port numbers to the mapping of external address and port numbers, also preserve the tabulation of sending the specific external host (address and port numbers) of packet from this port.Go into packet and will be dropped from third-party.
3, symmetrical NAT (Symmetric NATs)
NAT is mapped as different external addresss and port numbers according to different outside destinations (concerning going out bag) with identical home address and port numbers.
Be illustrated in figure 1 as IPv6 packet tunnel encapsulation form schematic diagram, tunneling mechanism provides the existing IPv4 network architecture of a kind of utilization to realize the IPv6 method for communicating, and basic methods is as follows:
1, tunnel portal carries out the IPv4 encapsulation earlier to the IPv6 packet, sends then.
2, after tunnel exit is received the packet of tunnel encapsulation, confirm whether need reorganization earlier, if packet through segmentation, needs reorganization so; Otherwise needn't.Remove tunnel encapsulation (IPV4 header) then, the packet of receiving is handled accordingly.
3, in order to make packet pass through the tunnel smoothly, tunnel portal may need to safeguard the soft state information in tunnel, such as record tunnel MTU parameters such as (MTUs).The employed tunnel of network node may be a lot, and relevant soft state can be buffered etc. and just to abandon no the time.
Except add the data packet head of IPv4 for the packet of IPv6, the encapsulation node also needs:
1, decision ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) error message that whether needs to split packet and whether need to send " packet is long " to the source end;
2, the error message that how router on the tunnel path is returned to the IPv4 of source end is mapped to the ICMP message of IPv6.
Being positioned at node behind the NAT, to adopt general tunneling technique (IPv6-over-IPv4) be to communicate with the overseas IPv6 node of NAT because present NAT generally not the supported protocol type be the packet of 41 (IPv6-over-IPv4 just).The Teredo tunnel is different from general IPv6-over-IPv4 tunnel, says definitely, and it is a kind of IPv6-over-UDP tunnel.Packet passes NAT by the mode that is encapsulated in the UDP load.
Teredo promptly passes the IPv6 tunnel on the UDP of being carried on of NATs, and is the IPv6/IPv4 transitional technology of setting up automatic IPv6 tunnel between the main frame of a kind of permission after one or more levels NAT device, and the IPv6 connectedness of clean culture is provided by the IPv4 network.Teredo is applicable to the situation that NAT device can not provide the situation of 6to4 router feature and exist multi-level NAT to dispose.Teredo makes terminal node need not possess public network IP v4 address, promptly can pass through multi-level NAT environment easily, carries out communication with the IPv6 network.
Be illustrated in figure 2 as the form schematic diagram of Teredo packet, the operation principle of Teredo is to utilize IPv4 head and UDP head to encapsulate IPv6 bag literary composition, makes IPv6 bag literary composition become the bearing load (Payload) of UDP.
Be illustrated in figure 3 as Teredo principle model schematic diagram, Teredo is made up of the following member:
1, Teredo client:
The Teredo client is the two stack main frames that are positioned at the NAT territory, and its supports Teredo tunnel interface, by this interface data bag by the node (by Teredo relaying) of tunnel in another Teredo client or the IPv6 network.A Teredo client and a Teredo server communication obtain the address prefix based on Teredo IPv6 address, and server can also help the main-machine communication in Teredo client and other Teredo clients or the IPv6 network.
2, Teredo server:
The Teredo server is a dual stack node that connects IPv4 network and IPv6 network, and it supports a Teredo tunnel interface.The Teredo server helps the Teredo client to carry out address configuration, and makes between Teredo client and other Teredo clients, or Teredo client and only support to communicate by letter between the main frame (being IPv6-only Host) of IPv6.The Teredo server uses udp port numbers 3544.
3, Teredo relaying:
The Teredo relaying is a dual-stacker router, and it is in the Teredo client and only support to transmit packet between the main frame of IPv6.In some cases, interact between Teredo relaying and the Teredo server, promote the Teredo client and only support to begin communication between the main frame of IPv6.The Teredo relaying uses udp port numbers 3544.
As shown in Figure 3, utilize the Teredo technology, it is as follows that client and IPv6-only Host carry out communication process:
1, the Teredo client sends echo request to IPv6-only Host, sends to server earlier;
2, transmit by the Teredo server, be sent to IPv6-only Host;
3, IPv6-only Host returns return response to client, sends to the Teredo relaying earlier;
4, by the Teredo relaying return response is forwarded to client;
5, the client message that mails to IPv6-only Host is sent to the Teredo relaying earlier;
6, the Teredo relaying is forwarded to IPv6-only Host with message.
Teredo can make the IPv6 node in the NAT territory obtain global IPv6 connection, and in the area of extensively moving NAT because of IPv4 address scarcity, the Teredo tunnel has application promise in clinical practice undoubtedly.But there is following shortcoming in Teredo:
1, complex structure, whole architecture comprise Teredo client, NAT device, Teredo server, Teredo relaying, lower deployment cost height;
2, tunnel encapsulation and present main flow tunnel encapsulation difference are bigger, adopt the UDP encapsulation technology, because the encapsulation of present transitional technology generally is that IP directly encapsulates, adopt the UDP encapsulation to need overhead, need two stack host nodes except that supporting the normal transition technology, also need to support Teredo especially, need special client-side program, thereby dispose relatively difficulty;
3, Teredo only can support tapered and constrained NAT at present, and it is not suitable for symmetric form NAT, and needs complicated message to handle for constrained support; There are a large amount of bubble messages (protocol massages of Teredo) mutual between client and the Teredo server, influence system effectiveness.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: when overcoming main frame under the prior NAT equipment by Teredo visit IPv6 network, deficiencies such as complex structure, lower deployment cost height and efficient are low, tunnel trunking method in a kind of NAT network is provided, thereby guarantee to cross on the basis of NAT device in the tunnel, simplify network configuration, reduce and dispose difficulty, and improve communication efficiency.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme that is adopted to be:
The implementation method of tunnel relaying in this network that carries out network address translation may further comprise the steps:
Hang down 64 with what the private ip v4 address of the public network IP v4 address of network address translation apparatus and this network address translation apparatus client host down was encapsulated in the IPv6 address, and the prefix establishment IPv6 address that utilizes border router to announce, this client host is directly distributed to as 128 prefixes in this IPv6 address;
Client host is when the IPv6 network sends message or receive message from the IPv6 network, network address translation apparatus and border router carry out secondary tunnel encapsulation and decapsulation according to embedded public network and private network IP address, form the tunnel relaying, message spanning network address-translating device is transmitted between private network and IPv6 network.
Described network address translation apparatus is encapsulated in the low 32 of described IPv6 address with its public network IP v4 address, the private ip v4 address of described client host is encapsulated in low 64 to 32 of described IPv6 address.The prefix that the IPv6 address of described client host is announced according to border router by network address translation apparatus, and behind the private network IPv4 address of the public network IP v4 address of combinational network address-translating device and client host, client host is given in configuration automatically.
When the private network client host sent message to the IPv6 network, step was as follows:
A1, private network client host are set up the tunnel encapsulation message according to the return recording of name server, the destination address of described tunnel encapsulation message is the private ip v4 address of network address translation apparatus, source address is the private ip v4 address of client host, the destination address of the IPv6 message of encapsulation is the IPv6 address in the name server return recording in the tunnel encapsulation message, and source address is a client host from the IPv6 address that network address translation apparatus distributes;
A2, network address translation apparatus receive that protocol number that client host is sent is behind 41 the encapsulated message, carry out decapsulation, reusing public network IP v4 address then encapsulates, the destination address of encapsulated message is the public network IP v4 address of border router, and source address is the public network IP v4 address of network address translation apparatus;
A3, network address translation apparatus continue to transmit this IPv4 message that is packaged with the IPv6 message to border router, after the border router decapsulation, make message in the IPv6 transmission over networks.
When sending message to the client host of private network from the IPv6 network, step is as follows:
B1, border router receive the IPv6 message from the IPv6 network, from destination address, take out the public network IP v4 address of network address translation apparatus, set up encapsulated message according to public network IP v4 address, the destination address of encapsulated message is the public network IP v4 address of network address translation apparatus, and source address is the public network IP v4 address of border router;
B2, when encapsulated message arrives at network address translation apparatus, carry out decapsulation, and according to the private network IPv4 address that encapsulates the client host in the IPv6 message destination address, again encapsulate, the destination address of encapsulated message is the private ip v4 address of client host, source address is the private ip v4 address of network address translation apparatus, and encapsulated message is sent to client host on private network.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: the invention provides a kind of method of carrying out the tunnel relaying in the network that carries out network address translation, the public network IP v4 address of the IPv4 address of private network and NAT device is embedded in low 64 of IPv6 address; NAT device just can carry out correct encapsulation/decapsulation and forwarding according to the address.NAT device carries out encapsulating again after replace the address to encapsulated message realizes the tunnel relaying.The present invention solves the technical problem that NAT is crossed in the tunnel, and simplified structure on the basis that guarantees tunnel leap NAT is drawn close with the main flow tunneling technique, has solved the baroque problem of Teredo.The corresponding function of tunnel encapsulation is placed on NAT device and the router, has guaranteed still can correctly transmit (transmitting-receiving message) after encapsulated message is crossed over NAT by the secondary encapsulation.
Tunnel of the present invention trunking method clear in structure, simple, dispose easily, the tunnel set up full automation, do not need to keep any state, only need upgrading NAT device and border router just can finish deployment, the client rs PC client only requires it is two stacks, without any need for modification, do not have other special requirement, have versatility; And also need Teredo server, Teredo trunking among the Teredo of prior art, and the PC client computer need install special client software, disposes very difficulty.
The present invention has also solved the problem of Teredo complex structure, inefficiency.The protocol massages more complicated of Teredo itself, client and server have a large amount of Bubble message interactions, have influenced the efficient of system; The present invention then is fully automatically, carries out tunnel encapsulation and decapsulation according to the address that the IPv6 address is embedded, has improved communication efficiency, has very much competitiveness.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is an IPv6 packet tunnel encapsulation form schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the form schematic diagram of Teredo packet;
Fig. 3 is a Teredo principle model schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is an automatic tunnel trunking method principle schematic of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is a communication flow exemplary plot of the present invention.
Embodiment
With embodiment the present invention is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings below:
As shown in Figure 4, main frame in the private network is connected with public network (IPv4 network) by NAT device (can adopt acting server), be connected by border router (TR) between IPv4 network and the IPv6 network, the present invention increases the tunnel relay function on NAT device, make the encapsulated message in the private network can on public network IP v4, continue to be forwarded to termination point of a tunnel router, i.e. border router through after the relay process of NAT device.If NAT device can use to the tunnel of border router, then between client host, NAT device, border router, set up two automatic tunnels, realize IPv6 over IPv4 penetration tunnel NAT device, tunnel between client host and the NAT device is the private network tunnel, and the tunnel between NAT device and the border router is the public network tunnel.
The present invention is encapsulated in the private ip v4 address of the outlet IPv4 address (public network IP v4 address) of NAT device and client host low 64 of IPv6 address, distribute to main frame then, make the IPv6 address of main frame possess NAT device public network IP address and client host private network IP address properties simultaneously.Like this, be 41 IP message to all protocol numbers, NAT device utilize relay function according to embedded appropriate address carry out tunnel encapsulation, decapsulation, encapsulation forms the tunnel relaying again.NAT device utilizes public network IP address to encapsulate (IP of NAT device itself) on outgoing interface, utilizes privately owned address to carry out tunnel encapsulation at down direction.
There is multiple mode distributing IP v6 address to main frame from the NAT device, the IPv6 address of main frame can be adopted IPv6 to dispose automatically by NAT device and be given client host, can adopt 64 prefixes, behind the public network IP v4 address of combination NAT device and the private network IPv4 address of client host, giving the user by 128 prefix assignment, is exactly direct distributing IP v6 address in fact.Because prefix is distributed by border router, can distribute voluntarily according to network configuration, thereby have versatility, be applicable to various IPv6 networks, and can both cross over regardless of which type of NAT device.Certainly, DHCP (DHCP) mode also can be passed through in the IPv6 address of main frame, intercepts and captures client's DHCP request earlier, responds then and distributes; Perhaps also direct manual configuration.
It is as follows to utilize the present invention to carry out the detailed process of tunnel relaying:
1, send the message tunnel relaying:
The two stack host PC of private network are set up the tunnel encapsulation message according to the return recording of DNS (name server), and (the DNS record that returns comprises the A record of IPv4 and the AAAA record of IPv6, two stack main frames just know that according to these records the opposite end is IPv4 or IPv6 network, thereby select communication modes.If the IPv6 network is then set up the tunnel encapsulation message), the destination address of tunnel encapsulation message is the private ip v4 address of NAT device, source address is the private ip v4 address of client host.The destination address of the IPv6 message of encapsulation is the IPv6 address (being the IPv6 address, opposite end in the AAAA record) in the DNS record that returns in the tunnel encapsulation message, and source address is a client host from the IPv6 address that NAT device distributes.Client host is as follows from the concrete form in IPv6 address that NAT device distributes:
| Prefix (border router is distributed to 64 prefixes of NAT) | Private network IPv4 address | Public network IP v4 address |
This format address, because prefix is that router is distributed to NAT device, has versatility, low 64 bit address are NAT device according in the request of client host with the IPv4 address and the public network IP address formation of NAT itself, both strictness had kept unique in the private network, also can guarantee in the overall situation it also is unique, can in the IPv6 network, freely transmit.
NAT device receives that protocol number that client host is sent is behind 41 the encapsulated message, carry out decapsulation, reuse public network IP v4 address then and encapsulate, the destination address of encapsulated message is the public network IP v4 address of border router, and source address is the public network IP v4 address of NAT device; Continue then to transmit this IPv4 message that is packaged with the IPv6 message to border router by the NAT flow process, after the border router decapsulation in the IPv6 transmission over networks.
2, IPv6 receives the message tunnel relaying:
Border router TR receives the IPv6 message from the IPv6 network, arrive the TR outgoing interface according to matched routings, the TR outgoing interface will take out public network IP v4 address according to low 32 of destination address, set up encapsulated message, the destination address of encapsulated message is the public network IP v4 address of NAT device, and source address is the public network IP v4 address of border router.When encapsulated message arrives at NAT device, carry out decapsulation, and according to low 64～32 the taking-up private network IPv4 addresses that encapsulate IPv6 message destination address, again encapsulate, the destination address of encapsulated message is the private ip v4 address of client host, source address is the private ip v4 address of NAT device, realizes the transmission of message on privately owned tunnel.
Basic principle of the present invention is low 64 that the public network IP v4 address with the IPv4 address of private network and NAT device is embedded in the IPv6 address, the prefix of utilizing router to announce is simultaneously set up the IPv6 address of any range, on basis, this form IPv6 address, on NAT device, increase the tunnel relay function, according to private IP address that encapsulates in the address format and public ip address, encapsulate modification, realize the tunnel relaying, outside message receives to be handled on the contrary.
Be illustrated in figure 5 as communication flow exemplary plot of the present invention, the privately owned address of supposing main frame is 192.168.0.2, the privately owned address of NAT device is 192.168.0.1, the publicly-owned address of NAT device is 202.10.0.2, the IPv4 address of border router TR is 202.10.0.1, the IPv6 address of border router TR is 2002 ∷ 1, and the address of purpose IPv6 main frame is: 2003 ∷ 1, and then the message format in each stage is as follows:
| 192.168.0.2 | ?192.168.0.1 | ?2002∷192.168.0.2：202.10.0.2 | ?2003∷1 | Data |
Message 2 forms are: IPv4 address, public network source+public network purpose IPv4 address+IPv6 source IP address+IPv6 purpose IP address+data
| 202.10.0.2 | 202.10.0.1 | 2002∷192.168.0.2：202.10.0.2 | 2003∷1 | Data |
Message 3 forms are: IPv6 source IP address+IPv6 purpose IP address+data
| 2002∷192.168.0.2：202.10.0.2 | ?2003∷1 | Data |
Correspondingly, message 4, message 5, message 6 forms are respectively:
Message 4:
| 2003∷1 | ?2002∷192.168.0.2：202.10.0.2 | Data |
Message 5:
| 202.10.0.1 | 202.10.0.2 | 2003∷1 | 2002∷192.168.0.2：202.10.0.2 | Data |
Message 6:
| 192.168.0.1 | ?192.168.0.2 | ?2003∷1 | ?2002∷192.168.0.2：202.10.0.2 | Data |
The present invention is embedded in the public network IP v4 address of the IPv4 address of private network and NAT device low 64 of IPv6 address; NAT device just can carry out correct encapsulation/decapsulation and forwarding according to the address.NAT device carries out encapsulating again after replace the address to encapsulated message realizes the tunnel relaying.The present invention solves the technical problem that NAT is crossed in the tunnel, and simplified structure on the basis that guarantees tunnel leap NAT is drawn close with the main flow tunneling technique, has solved the baroque problem of Teredo.The corresponding function of tunnel encapsulation is placed on NAT device and the router, has guaranteed still can correctly transmit (transmitting-receiving message) after encapsulated message is crossed over NAT by the secondary encapsulation.
Clear in structure of the present invention, simple, dispose easily, the tunnel set up full automation, automatically set up according to above-mentioned rule, do not need to keep any state, only need upgrading NAT device and border router just can finish deployment, the client rs PC client only requires it is two stacks, without any need for modification, there are not other special requirement, have versatility; And the client of the teredo that prior art adopts must possess the teredo client software, disposes very difficulty.
The present invention has also solved the problem of Teredo complex structure, inefficiency.The protocol massages more complicated of Teredo itself, client and server have a large amount of Bubble message interactions, have influenced the efficient of system; The present invention then is fully automatically, carries out tunnel encapsulation and decapsulation according to the address that the IPv6 address is embedded, has improved communication efficiency, has very much competitiveness.
Those skilled in the art do not break away from essence of the present invention and spirit, can there be the various deformation scheme to realize the present invention, the above only is the preferable feasible embodiment of the present invention, be not so limit to interest field of the present invention, the equivalent structure that all utilizations specification of the present invention and accompanying drawing content are done changes, and all is contained within the interest field of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1, the implementation method of tunnel relaying in a kind of network that carries out network address translation is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
Hang down 64 with what the private ip v4 address of the public network IP v4 address of network address translation apparatus and this network address translation apparatus client host down was encapsulated in the IPv6 address, and the prefix establishment IPv6 address that utilizes border router to announce, give this client host with this IPv6 address assignment;
Client host is when the IPv6 network sends message or receive message from the IPv6 network, network address translation apparatus and border router carry out secondary tunnel encapsulation and decapsulation according to embedded public network and private network IP address, form the tunnel relaying, message spanning network address-translating device is transmitted between private network and IPv6 network.
2, the implementation method of tunnel relaying in the network that carries out network address translation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described network address translation apparatus is encapsulated in the low 32 of described IPv6 address with its public network IP v4 address, the private ip v4 address of described client host is encapsulated in low 64 to 32 of described IPv6 address.
3, the implementation method of tunnel relaying in the network that carries out network address translation according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the prefix that the IPv6 address of described client host is announced according to border router by network address translation apparatus, and behind the private network IPv4 address of the public network IP v4 address of combinational network address-translating device and client host, give client host with the automatic configuration of the mode of 128 prefixes.
4, the implementation method of tunnel relaying in the network that carries out network address translation according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: when the private network client host sent message to the IPv6 network, step was as follows:
A1, private network client host are set up the tunnel encapsulation message according to the return recording of name server, the destination address of described tunnel encapsulation message is the private ip v4 address of network address translation apparatus, source address is the private ip v4 address of client host, the destination address of the IPv6 message of encapsulation is the IPv6 address in the name server return recording in the tunnel encapsulation message, and source address is a client host from the IPv6 address that network address translation apparatus distributes;
A2, network address translation apparatus receive that protocol number that client host is sent is behind 41 the encapsulated message, carry out decapsulation, reusing public network IP v4 address then encapsulates, the destination address of encapsulated message is the public network IP v4 address of border router, and source address is the public network IP v4 address of network address translation apparatus;
A3, network address translation apparatus continue to transmit this IPv4 message that is packaged with the IPv6 message to border router, after the border router decapsulation, make message in the IPv6 transmission over networks.
5, the implementation method of tunnel relaying in the network that carries out network address translation according to claim 3 is characterized in that: when sending message to the client host of private network from the IPv6 network, step is as follows:
B1, border router receive the IPv6 message from the IPv6 network, from destination address, take out the public network IP v4 address of network address translation apparatus, set up encapsulated message according to public network IP v4 address, the destination address of encapsulated message is the public network IP v4 address of network address translation apparatus, and source address is the public network IP v4 address of border router;
B2, when encapsulated message arrives at network address translation apparatus, carry out decapsulation, and according to the private network IPv4 address that encapsulates the client host in the IPv6 message destination address, again encapsulate, the destination address of encapsulated message is the private ip v4 address of client host, source address is the private ip v4 address of network address translation apparatus, and encapsulated message is sent to client host on private network.
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