CN1686666A - 大型高铬钢冷轧辊辊坯的生产方法 - Google Patents
大型高铬钢冷轧辊辊坯的生产方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1686666A CN1686666A CN 200510025143 CN200510025143A CN1686666A CN 1686666 A CN1686666 A CN 1686666A CN 200510025143 CN200510025143 CN 200510025143 CN 200510025143 A CN200510025143 A CN 200510025143A CN 1686666 A CN1686666 A CN 1686666A
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- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
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- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin hydride Chemical compound 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Abstract
大型高铬钢冷轧辊辊坯的生产方法,其特征是:首先采用“电弧炉冶炼+LF、DV炉外精炼+钢锭热送”代替高成本的“电弧炉+LFV精炼炉冶炼+电极棒退火+电渣重熔+电渣锭退火”冶炼工艺,省掉了电极棒、电渣锭退火及电渣重熔三个工序;然后采用特殊的高温均质化的钢锭加热方法(延长保温时间,消除钢锭应力,改善成分偏析)和锻坯成型前的V型砧子拔长钢锭技术、两次镦粗技术(提高坯料高径比,增大变形量,改善组织)等特殊的热加工锻造技术;最后辊坯处理,制备高质量的大型冷轧辊辊坯。本发明具有工艺合理、生产组织便捷的特点,制造的MC3、MC5高铬钢冷轧辊的大型锻坯,生产周期短,吨钢成本降低2000元,且质量稳定,各项性能达到标准要求,经济效益显著。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及冶金行业轧辊辊坯的生产制造方法,尤其是指大型高铬锻钢冷轧辊坯冶炼及锻造的生产方法。
背景技术
轧钢机是冶金行业的常用设备,轧辊是轧钢机的最重要零部件,轧辊主要可分为热轧辊(热轧机的重要部件,用于钢材热加工变形)和冷轧辊(冷轧机的重要部件,用于钢材冷加工变形)二种。作为冷轧机的重要部件,冷轧辊在工作时要承受很大的轧制压力、磨损应力及高交变应力,且要求钢材冷轧成品表面质量良好,故冷轧辊的使用要求很高,尤其是用于钢材簿板冷轧的大型冷轧辊(冷轧辊辊身直径达Φ300mm以上;化学成分一般为含0.7~1.0%C、1.0~5.0%Cr,再加少量的Mo、V等碳化物形成元素)的使用要求更高:工作时不仅要承受很大的轧制压力、磨损应力及高交变应力,且轧制时的瞬间摩擦力也越来越大(为了增加轧机产量,轧机的轧制速度越来越快,轧辊与金属轧件的摩擦力也越来越大),成品板材的表面质量要求也越来越高(要求轧辊具有极高的性能);因此,大型冷轧辊必须具有良好的耐磨性、抗事故性、较深的淬硬层,并且在使用过程中不易产生表面缺陷。
为了满足大型冷轧辊的这些特殊要求,目前轧辊选用的钢种由原来的86CrMoV7发展到MC3、MC5系列的高Cr钢,钢中的Cr含量提高到5.0%左右(较高的Cr含量,有利于提高钢的淬透性和耐磨性,促进碳化物的析出,明显提高轧辊的耐磨性及使用寿命);且要求大型冷轧辊坯具有:较高的纯净度,硫化物及氧化物夹杂级别不超过1.5级(由于冷轧辊使用过程中,轧辊承受很大的交变应力,钢中的大颗粒非金属夹杂物成为疲劳裂纹萌生的微裂纹源,容易导致轧辊表面生产剥落,因此要求轧辊具有高的纯净度);低的气体含量,氧含量在30ppm以下(钢中的气体含量,尤其是氧含量的高低,反映了钢中氧化物夹杂含量的高低,低的氧含量意味着钢中氧化物夹杂数量少。因此要求轧辊钢中氧含量不能过高);低的碳化物带状偏析,碳化物带状偏析不超过2.5级(钢中的碳化物偏析容易导致硬度不均匀,降低轧辊的耐磨性);超声波探伤的要求也极为严格(GB/T13315-91中规定轧辊辊身I区连续性缺陷不允许超过Φ2当量;Φ2当量是超声波探伤的性能质量标准,Φ1当量的性能优于Φ2当量,依此类推)。
对大型冷轧辊坯的生产制造而言,一方面,随着Cr含量的提高(MC3、MC5高Cr钢代替86CrMoV7钢的选用),使钢中的合金比增大,导致冶炼过程成份偏析程度会增加(钢锭凝固即为选分结晶的过程,形成枝晶偏析),且钢锭的中心疏松也会越来越严重(疏松是金属凝固过程中,树枝型晶体或胞状树枝型晶体的凝固过程中,在胞壁的沟槽处和枝晶的缝隙处的液体凝固时,由于没有液体的补充,形成疏松;由于钢中合金元素的含量增高,会导致钢锭在凝固时枝晶偏析程度的增大,故疏松程度也随之增大);另一方面,由于大型冷轧辊坯的辊身直径很大(冷轧辊辊身直径达Φ300mm以上,毛坯辊身直径达Φ330mm以上),为了保证锻造过程的变形量,需要采用直径达Φ600mm以上的大型钢锭;而如此大的高Cr钢锭,若采用普通的电炉冶炼工艺冶炼的钢锭,无法避免严重偏析和中心疏松,更难以达到轧辊严格的超声波探伤标准要求(某公司采用13吨电炉锭,锻制辊身直径达Φ660mm的轧辊毛坯,经超声波探伤,未达GB/T13315-91标准要求,中心部位连续缺陷达Φ5当量,钢锭中心部位缺陷未得到明显改善。)。因此,用于生产制造大型冷轧辊坯的高Cr钢锭冶炼通常采用“电弧炉+精炼炉冶炼+电渣重熔”的高成本冶炼工艺(电渣重熔冶炼为二次精炼,初次冶炼浇注的电极棒在电渣重熔的过程中变成液态的熔滴,通过钢渣的在高温下的强烈作用吸附钢中的夹杂物,钢锭在边熔化边凝固的过程中形成,钢锭凝固速度快,因此电渣重熔具有提高钢的纯净度,减小成份偏析,钢锭致密等特点),以减缓高Cr钢锭的成分偏析和中心疏松,满足大型冷轧辊的高标准使用要求。
目前,国内外钢铁生产厂家常见的(较为成熟的)高Cr钢大型冷轧辊坯的具体生产工艺(工序)是:电弧炉加LFV精炼炉冶炼,模铸成电极棒钢锭—→电极棒退火(常规的钢锭去应力退火,时间40~50小时,具体视钢锭尺寸大小而定)—→电渣重熔成电渣锭—→电渣锭退火(常规的电渣锭去应力退火,时间40~50小时,具体视电渣锭尺寸大小而定)—→电渣锭加热,热加工锻造成毛坯(锻坯)—→锻坯热处理(正火,球化退火及扩氢退火)—→车削加工—→检验;显而易见,该工艺存在生产工序复杂,生产周期长,生产成本高的缺点。随着经济全球化的迅速发展,部分进口冷轧辊锻坯的价格已接近甚至低于国产轧辊的价格(国产轧辊的价格优势越来越小,冷轧辊锻坯市场的竞争愈演愈烈),“电弧炉+LFV精炼炉冶炼+电渣重熔”高成本冶炼,及热加工锻造生产的大型高铬冷轧辊锻坯,难以适应竞争激烈的市场要求。
发明内容
本发明开发一种大型高铬钢冷轧辊辊坯的生产方法,采用“电弧炉冶炼+LF、DV炉外精炼+钢锭热送”的低成本冶炼工艺代替“电弧炉+LFV精炼炉冶炼+电极棒退火+电渣重熔+电渣锭退火”的高成本冶炼工艺,进行大型高铬钢冷轧辊辊坯用钢锭的冶炼,缩短生产工序(省掉了电极棒退火、电渣重熔、电渣锭退火三个工序),并采用特殊的高温均质化的钢锭加热方法(延长保温时间20小时,有利于钢锭应力的消除,及化学元素在钢中有足够的时间扩散,改善钢锭的成份偏析)和冷轧辊锻坯成型前的V型砧子拔长钢锭技术、两次镦粗技术(提高二次镦粗前坯料的高径比,增大变形量,破碎钢锭粗大的铸态组织,同时也提高了锻合缺陷的效果)等特殊的热加工锻造技术,生产制造出MC3、MC5高铬钢的大型冷轧辊锻坯,缩短了生产周期(生产周期缩短170小时以上),大大降低了生产成本,解决了大型高铬钢MC3、MC5冷轧辊锻坯生产周期长、生产成本高的问题,提升了国产锻钢冷轧辊的市场竞争力,满足用户要求和市场需要。
本发明提供的大型高铬钢冷轧辊辊坯的生产方法,其特征是采用冶炼、锻造和辊坯处理的三个阶段,生产制造出高质量标准的大型冷轧辊辊坯。
第一,冶炼阶段,采用电弧炉初炼钢液;相应吨位的LF钢包炉精炼钢液;相应吨位的VD真空炉精炼钢液;氩气保护模铸;冶炼出成分合格且钢的纯净度高、气体含量低的MC3、MC5高铬钢大钢锭;●电弧炉(超高功率直流电弧炉DC炉、或交流电弧炉EF炉)初炼钢液(1)常规的白渣炼钢工艺;加料,通电,吹氧助熔;(2)料全熔后补加石灰1~2批,每批5~10Kg/t;(3)终点C:0.04~0.15%,P:0.008~0.010%;温度:1670~1690℃;(4)出钢时100%挡渣(为防止氧化渣带入还原期造成大量回P);(5)为充分脱氧,出钢时加入2~2.5Kg/t的SiAlFe脱氧剂,并加低钛合金(为了提高钢的纯净度,选用低Ti铁合金,控制钢中的Ti含量,减少TiN硬质点多边形夹杂对轧辊疲劳性能的不利影响。);●与电弧炉容量匹配(相应吨位)的LF钢包炉精炼钢液(1)分批补加总量3~4Kg/t的石灰,确保渣流动性良好,分别加0.1~0.3Kg/tSi粉、C粉;(2)造白渣,强化去[S]升温;温度大于1520℃加合金,温度大于1570℃取样分析(1);(3)根据分析(1)并补加合金,并将Al调整到0.060%(VD真空脱气前加大脱氧剂Al的加入量,真空后不加Al及合金,避免真空后加Al脱氧而产生的Al2O3夹杂物来不及上浮而留在钢中。),分别加0.1~0.3Kg/t Si粉、C粉,保持白渣,同时吹氩搅拌,至少通电20分钟以上且温度大于1570℃取样分析(2);
(4)根据分析(2)按目标成份进行调整;VD前[S]≤0.010%,Al调整到0.040%;常规的VD吊包温度:1570~1590℃;(5)在LF钢包炉精炼过程中,采用钢包底部通氩气进行搅拌的方法,吹氩强度0.20~0.30Mpa,使夹杂物充分上浮;●与电弧炉、LF钢包炉容量匹配(相应吨位)的VD真空炉精炼钢液(1)全程吹氩:真空度<140Pa,吹氩强度0.20~0.40Mpa;(2)真空时间25~35分钟,充分脱气,[H]≤1.0ppm;(3)VD毕定氢,氩气弱搅拌8~12分钟,Ar压力≤0.05Mpa,以利夹杂物充分上浮(真空后采用氩气弱搅拌技术,可防止卷渣,并进一步促进钢水中夹杂物的上浮。);(4)吊包温度1505~1515℃,也就是说钢包过热度55~65℃(常规工艺的钢包过热度70~80℃。因为MC3及MC5的Cr含量高达3~5%,而且选用的钢锭锭型很大,钢锭中的成份偏析较为严重,降低钢包过热度,即降低浇钢温度可在一定程度上改善钢锭的成份偏析,为此采取了尽可能低的浇钢温度,减轻钢锭的成份偏析,为后面的锻造创造条件);吊包前加0.8~1.2Kg/t保温剂(减缓钢锭的中心缩孔);●氩气保护模铸,将高温钢液模铸成4~14吨的大钢锭(1)钢液模铸时,采用自行设计的氩气保护浇注装置浇注钢锭,防止钢水二次氧化(考虑到如果在大气下浇注,会使钢水产生二次氧化现象,增加钢中的氧化物夹杂,同时还会造成钢水吸氮吸氢,因此自行设计出氩气保护浇注装置,避免了钢水二次氧化及吸氮吸氢现象。);(2)采用“7030改”保护渣进行下注;(3)钢锭浇注时间:钢锭单支重量4~10吨,锭身浇铸时间3~8min,帽口补注时间2~4.5min;钢锭单支重量10~14吨,锭身浇铸时间8~13min,帽口补注时间4.5~6.5min;第二,锻造热加工阶段,采用钢锭热送;高温均质化的特殊钢锭加热工艺;特殊的热加工锻造工艺;将单重4~14吨的大钢锭,锻造成尺寸、形状符合要求的大型冷轧辊毛坯(锻坯);●钢锭热送采用常规热送工艺,将单重4~14吨的大钢锭热送至加热炉;●高温均质化的钢锭加热工艺(1)钢锭加热温度是常规的加热温度:MC3钢的加热温度为1210~1230℃;MC5钢的加热温度为1200~1220℃;(2)常规保温时间依据钢种成分、钢锭大小而定;高温均质化的保温时间是常规保温时间+(18~27)小时(电炉浇注的钢锭,其冷却速度不如电渣锭的冷却速度快,成份偏析比电渣钢严重。为了进一步减轻钢锭的成份偏析,钢锭加热采用了高温均质化技术,通过在高温下保温较长的时间,元素在钢中有足够的时间扩散,从而改善钢锭的成份偏析):如13.2吨钢锭MC3钢的保温时间24~27小时(常规4~6小时),5.9吨钢锭MC5钢的保温时间27~32小时(常规3~5小时);●特殊的热加工锻造工艺,将单重4~14吨的大钢锭,锻造成尺寸、形状符合要求的大型冷轧辊毛坯(锻坯),要点:(1)钢锭2次镦粗(提高二次镦粗前坯料的高径比,增大变形量,破碎钢锭粗大的铸态组织,同时也提高了锻合缺陷的效果),锻比5~9,镦粗比2.0~2.5;(2)冷轧辊锻坯成型前的圆柱形中间坯拔长时,锻压机的工作砧采用上平下V型砧子(大型钢锭在锻造过程中,中心疏松不容易锻透,如果采用通常使用的上下平砧工具进行钢锭的拔长操作,钢锭心部受拉应力的作用,不利于钢锭心部的锻透;现改为上平下V型砧子对钢锭进行拔长,钢锭心部受三向压应力作用,提高了钢锭心部的锻透);(3)钢锭热加工锻造变形过程钢锭返炉(回炉)加热温度为1190~1210℃;保温时间是:单重4~8吨的大钢锭为1.5~2.5小时,单重8~14吨的大钢锭为2.5~3.5小时;单重相同的大钢锭,MC5钢锭的保温时间比MC3钢锭多0.5~1.0小时;钢锭变形过程:第一火压钳把,然后返炉加热;第二火镦粗,镦至钢锭原高度的0.4~0.6,然后返炉;第三火拔长,相对进料量控制在0.5~0.6,拔长至方形中间坯,然后返炉;第四火镦粗,镦至原高度的0.4~0.6,然后返炉;第五火拔长,相对进料量控制在0.5~0.6,拔长至圆形中间坯(注意控制末火的变形量>20%,圆形中间坯尺寸根据大型冷轧辊毛坯尺寸而定:如冷轧辊毛坯尺寸660mm,圆形中间坯尺寸740~800mm;如冷轧辊毛坯尺寸480mm,圆形中间坯尺寸540~570mm;)返炉;第六火(最后一火,也就是末火)采用上平下V型砧子将圆形中间坯(在锻造过程中,大型钢锭的中心疏松不容易锻透,如果采用通常使用的上下平砧工具进行钢锭的拔长操作,钢锭心部受拉应力的作用,不利于钢锭心部的锻透;现改为上平下V型砧子对钢锭进行拔长,钢锭心部受三向压应力作用,提高了钢锭心部的锻透)拔长至冷轧辊毛坯(锻坯);终锻温度≥850℃。
如13.2吨MC3钢锭热加工锻造成Φ660mm大型冷轧辊毛坯(辊坯尺寸Φ630mm),变形过程是:第一火压钳把,然后返炉加热,保温时间为2.5~3.5小时;第二火镦粗,镦至钢锭原高度的0.4~0.6,然后返炉,保温时间为2.5~3.5小时;第三火拔长,相对进料量控制在0.5~0.6,拔长至900×900mm(方形中间坯),然后返炉,保温时间为2.5~3.5小时;第四火镦粗,镦至原高度的0.4~0.6,然后返炉,保温时间为2.5~3.5小时;第五火拔长至Φ740~800mm的圆形中间坯后返炉,相对进料量控制在0.5~0.6,保温时间为1.5~2.5小时;第六火(最后一火)采用上平下V型砧子拔长至Φ660mm的大型冷轧辊毛坯(最后一火的变形量>20%=20.5%),终锻温度≥850℃。
如5.9吨MC5钢锭热加工锻造成Φ480mm大型冷轧辊毛坯(辊坯尺寸Φ445mm),变形过程是:第一火压钳把,然后返炉,保温时间为1.5~2.5小时;第二火镦粗,镦至钢锭原高度的0.4~0.6,然后返炉,保温时间为2.5~3.5小时;第三火拔长,相对进料量控制在0.5~0.6,拔长至截面650×650mm(方形中间坯),然后返炉,保温时间为2.5~3.5小时;第四火镦粗,镦至原高度的0.4~0.6,然后返炉,保温时间为1.5~2.5小时;第五火拔长至Φ540~580mm圆形中间坯后返炉,相对进料量控制在0.5~0.6,保温时间为1.5~2.5小时;第六火(最后一火)采用上平下V型砧子拔长至Φ480mm的大型冷轧辊毛坯(最后一火的变形量>20%=21%),终锻温度≥850℃。
第三,辊坯处理阶段,采用常规的冷轧辊毛坯(锻坯)热处理(正火,球化退火及扩氢退火);车削加工,将热加工锻造后的大型冷轧辊毛坯加工成尺寸符合规格的大型冷轧辊辊坯;成品检验;制造出符合标准的大型MC3、MC5高铬钢冷轧辊辊坯成品。
和现有技术相比,本发明具有下列优点:1、工艺先进,可操作性强;2、生产周期大大缩短,生产组织便捷;3、钢中气体含量低,纯净度高,碳化物分布均匀;4、省去了电极棒、电渣锭退火及电渣重熔工序,生产成本大大降低;5、使用冷轧辊锻坯成型前的V型砧子拔长钢锭技术,提高了产品质量。
具体实施方案某钢铁公司实施本发明专利,采用冶炼、锻造和成品处理的三个阶段,生产制造高质量标准的大型MC3、MC5高铬钢冷轧辊辊坯(单重4~14吨的大钢锭→辊身直径达Φ300mm以上的大型冷轧辊辊坯;例一:MC3钢锭单重13.2吨,直径达Φ1040mm/890mm→辊坯单重7吨,毛坯辊身直径达Φ660mm,辊坯成品的辊身直径Φ630mm;例二:MC5钢锭单重5.9吨,直径达Φ740mm/640mm→辊坯单重4吨,毛坯辊身直径达Φ480mm,辊坯成品的辊身直径Φ445mm)共十二炉钢。基本工艺流程是:100tDC+100tLF+100tVD→氩气保护浇注5.9吨和13.2吨钢锭→钢锭热送到锻造厂→钢锭采用高温均质化加热→2000吨快锻锻制毛坯→毛坯锻后热处理→毛坯车削加工→辊坯成品超声波探伤及其它检验。
第一,冶炼阶段,采用电弧炉初炼钢液;相应吨位的LF钢包炉精炼钢液;相应吨位的VD真空炉精炼钢液;氩气保护模铸;冶炼出成分合格且钢的纯净度高、气体含量低的MC3、MC5高铬钢大钢锭;●采用100吨超高功率直流电弧炉DC炉初炼钢液(1)常规的白渣炼钢工艺;加料,通电,吹氧助熔;(2)料全熔后补加石灰1~2批,每批500~1000Kg(也就是5~10Kg/t);(3)终点C:0.04~0.15%,P:0.008~0.010%;温度:1670~1690℃;(4)出钢时100%挡渣;(5)为充分脱氧,出钢时加入2~2.5Kg/t的SiAlFe脱氧剂,并加低钛合金;●100吨LF钢包炉(与DC电弧炉容量匹配)精炼钢液(1)分批补加总量300~400Kg(也就是3~4Kg/t)的石灰,确保渣流动性良好,分别加0.1~0.3Kg/t Si粉、C粉;(2)造白渣,强化去[S]升温;温度大于1520℃加合金,温度大于1570℃取样分析(1);(3)根据分析(1)并补加合金,并将Al调整到0.060%,分别加0.1~0.3Kg/tSi粉、C粉,保持白渣,同时吹氩搅拌,通电20分钟以上且温度大于1570℃取样分析(2);(4)根据分析(2)按目标成份进行调整;VD前[S]≤0.010%,Al调整到0.040%;常规的VD吊包温度:1570~1590℃;(5)在LF钢包炉精炼过程中,采用钢包底部通氩气进行搅拌的方法,吹氩强度0.20~0.30Mpa,使夹杂物充分上浮;●100吨VD真空炉(与DC电弧炉炉、LF钢包炉容量匹配)精炼钢液(1)全程吹氩:真空度66.7Pa<140Pa,吹氩强度0.20~0.40Mpa;(2)真空时间25~35分钟,充分脱气,[H]≤1.0ppm;
(3)VD毕定氢,氩气弱搅拌8~12分钟,Ar压力≤0.05Mpa,以利夹杂物充分上浮;(4)吊包温度1505~1515℃,也就是说钢包过热度30~40℃;吊包前加100Kg(0.8~1.2Kg/t)保温剂;●氩气保护模铸,将高温钢液模铸成4~14吨的大钢锭(1)钢液模铸时,采用自行设计的氩气保护浇注装置浇注钢锭,防止钢水二次氧化;(2)采用“7030改”保护渣进行下注;(3)钢锭浇注时间:钢锭单支重量4~10吨,锭身浇铸时间3~8min(5.9吨锭浇铸时间5~7分钟),帽口补注时间2~4.5min(5.9吨锭补注时间2.5~3.5分钟);钢锭单支重量10~14吨,锭身浇铸时间8~13min(13.2吨锭浇铸时间10~12分钟),帽口补注时间4.5~6.5min(13.2吨锭补注时间5~6分钟);第二,锻造热加工阶段,采用钢锭热送;高温均质化的特殊钢锭加热工艺;特殊的热加工锻造工艺;将单重4~14吨的大钢锭,锻造成尺寸、形状符合要求的大型冷轧辊毛坯(锻坯);●钢锭热送采用常规热送工艺,将单重4~14吨的大钢锭热送至加热炉;●高温均质化的钢锭加热工艺(1)钢锭加热温度是常规的加热温度:MC3、MC5钢的加热温度分别为1210~1230℃、1200~1220℃;(2)常规保温时间依据钢种成分、钢锭大小而定;高温均质化的保温时间是常规保温时间+(18~27)小时:如13.2吨钢锭MC3钢的保温时间24~27小时(常规4~6小时),5.9吨钢锭MC5钢的保温时间29~32小时(常规3~5小时);●特殊的热加工锻造工艺,将单重4~14吨的大钢锭,锻造成尺寸、形状符合要求的大型冷轧辊毛坯(锻坯),要点:(1)钢锭2次镦粗,锻比6~7,镦粗比2.1~2.4;(2)冷轧辊锻坯成型前的圆柱形中间坯拔长时,锻压机的工作砧采用上平下V型砧子;(3)钢锭热加工锻造变形过程钢锭返炉(回炉)加热温度为1190~1210℃;保温时间是:单重4~8吨的大钢锭为1.5~2.5小时,单重8~14吨的大钢锭为2.5~3.5小时;单重相同的大钢锭,MC5钢锭的保温时间比MC3钢锭多0.5~1.0小时;钢锭变形过程:第一火压钳把,然后返炉加热;第二火镦粗,镦至钢锭原高度的1/2,然后返炉;第三火拔长,相对进料量控制在0.5~0.6,拔长至方形中间坯,然后返炉;第四火镦粗,镦至原高度的1/2,然后返炉;第五火拔长,相对进料量控制在0.5~0.6,拔长至圆形中间坯(注意控制末火的变形量>20%,圆形中间坯尺寸根据大型冷轧辊毛坯尺寸而定)返炉;第六火(末火)采用上平下V型砧子将圆形中间坯拔长至冷轧辊毛坯;终锻温度≥850℃。
例一:MC3钢锭单重13.2吨,直径达Φ1040mm/890mm→辊坯单重7吨,毛坯辊身直径达Φ660mm,辊坯成品的辊身直径达Φ630mm;变形过程是:第一火压钳把,然后返炉加热,保温时间为3小时;第二火镦粗,镦至钢锭原高度的1/2,然后返炉,保温时间为3小时;第三火拔长,相对进料量控制在0.5~0.6,拔长至900×900mm方形中间坯,然后返炉,保温时间为3小时;第四火镦粗,镦至原高度的1/2,然后返炉,保温时间为3小时;第五火拔长至Φ770mm的圆形中间坯后返炉,相对进料量控制在0.5~0.6,保温时间为2小时;第六火(最后一火)采用上平下V型砧子拔长至Φ660mm的大型冷轧辊毛坯(最后一火的变形量>20%=26.5%),终锻温度≥850℃。
例二:MC5钢锭单重5.9吨,直径达Φ740mm/640mm→辊坯单重4吨,毛坯辊身直径达Φ480mm,辊坯成品的辊身直径达Φ445mm。变形过程是:第一火压钳把,然后返炉,保温时间为2小时;第二火镦粗,镦至钢锭原高度的1/2,然后返炉,保温时间为3小时;第三火拔长,相对进料量控制在0.5~0.6,拔长至截面650×650mm方形中间坯,然后返炉,保温时间为3小时;第四火镦粗,镦至原高度的1/2,然后返炉,保温时间为2小时;第五火拔长至Φ550mm圆形中间坯后返炉,相对进料量控制在0.5~0.6,保温时间为2小时;第六火(最后一火)采用上平下V型砧子拔长至Φ480mm的大型冷轧辊毛坯(最后一火的变形量>20%=23.8%),终锻温度≥850℃。
第三,辊坯处理阶段,采用常规的冷轧辊毛坯(锻坯)热处理(正火,球化退火及扩氢退火);车削加工,将热加工锻造后的大型冷轧辊毛坯加工成尺寸符合规格的大型冷轧辊辊坯;成品检验;制造出符合标准的大型MC3、MC5高铬钢冷轧辊辊坯成品。
本发明具有工艺合理、生产组织便捷、可操作性强的特点,制造的大型MC3、MC5高铬钢冷轧辊辊坯生产周期短(省去了电极棒退火、电渣重熔及电渣锭退火等工序,缩短170小时以上),生产成本低(吨钢成本可降低2223元/吨),且冷轧辊辊坯质量稳定(钢中的气体含量低,纯净度高),各项性能均达到了原工艺(“电弧炉+LFV精炼炉冶炼+电极棒退火+电渣重熔+电渣锭退火”的高成本冶炼及热加工锻造的大型高铬冷轧辊锻坯生产工艺)的技术条件要求(检验结果见表一),为提高国产冷轧辊的市场竞争力找到了一条有效的途径,使国产冷轧辊在价格方面继续保持优势,具有可观的经济效益和社会效益。
表一
Claims (1)
1.大型高铬钢冷轧辊辊坯的生产方法,其特征是采用冶炼、锻造和辊坯处理的三个阶段,生产制造出高质量标准的大型冷轧辊辊坯:第一,冶炼阶段,采用电弧炉初炼钢液;相应吨位的LF钢包炉精炼钢液;相应吨位的VD真空炉精炼钢液;氩气保护模铸;冶炼出成分合格且钢的纯净度高、气体含量低的MC3、MC5高铬钢大钢锭:●电弧炉初炼钢液(1)常规的白渣炼钢工艺;加料,通电,吹氧助熔;(2)料全熔后补加石灰1~2批,每批5~10Kg/t;(3)终点C:0.04~0.15%,P:0.008~0.010%;温度:1670~1690℃;(4)出钢时100%挡渣;(5)出钢时加入2~2.5Kg/t的SiAlFe脱氧剂,并加低钛合金;●与电弧炉容量匹配的LF钢包炉精炼钢液(1)分批补加总量3~4Kg/t的石灰,分别加0.1~0.3Kg/t Si粉、C粉;(2)造白渣,强化去[S]升温;温度大于1520℃加合金,温度大于1570℃取样分析(1);(3)根据分析(1)并补加合金,并将Al调整到0.060%,分别加0.1~0.3Kg/t Si粉、C粉,保持白渣,同时吹氩搅拌,至少通电20分钟以上且温度大于1570℃取样分析(2);(4)根据分析(2)按目标成份进行调整;VD前[S]≤0.010%,Al调整到0.040%;常规的VD吊包温度:1570~1590℃;(5)在LF钢包炉精炼过程中,采用钢包底部通氩气进行搅拌的方法,吹氩强度0.20~0.30Mpa,使夹杂物充分上浮;●与电弧炉、LF钢包炉容量匹配(相应吨位)的VD真空炉精炼钢液(1)全程吹氩:真空度<140Pa,吹氩强度0.20~0.40Mpa;(2)真空时间25~35分钟,充分脱气,[H]≤1.0ppm;(3)VD毕定氢,氩气弱搅拌8~12分钟,Ar压力≤0.05Mpa,以利夹杂物充分上浮;(4)吊包温度1505~1515℃,也就是说钢包过热度55~65℃;吊包前加0.8~1.2Kg/t保温剂;●氩气保护模铸,将高温钢液模铸成4~14吨的大钢锭(1)钢液模铸时,采用氩气保护浇注装置浇注钢锭,防止钢水二次氧化;(2)采用“7030改”保护渣进行下注;(3)钢锭浇注时间:钢锭单支重量4~10吨,锭身浇铸时间3~8min,帽口补注时间2~4.5min;钢锭单支重量10~14吨,锭身浇铸时间8~13min,帽口补注时间4.5~6.5min;第二,锻造热加工阶段,采用钢锭热送;高温均质化的特殊钢锭加热工艺;特殊的热加工锻造工艺;将单重4~14吨的大钢锭,锻造成尺寸、形状符合要求的大型冷轧辊毛坯:●钢锭热送:采用常规热送工艺,将单重4~14吨的大钢锭热送至加热炉;●高温均质化的钢锭加热工艺(1)常规的钢锭加热温度:MC3钢的加热温度为1210~1230℃;MC5钢的加热温度为1200~1220℃;(2)常规保温时间依据钢种成分、钢锭大小而定,高温均质化的保温时间是常规保温时间+(18~27)小时;如13.2吨钢锭MC3钢的保温时间24~27小时,5.9吨钢锭MC5钢的保温时间27~32小时;●特殊的热加工锻造工艺,将单重4~14吨的大钢锭,锻造成尺寸、形状符合要求的大型冷轧辊毛坯,要点:(1)钢锭2次镦粗,锻比5~9,镦粗比2.0~2.5;(2)冷轧辊锻坯成型前的圆柱形中间坯拔长时,锻压机的工作砧采用上平下V型砧子;(3)钢锭热加工锻造变形过程钢锭返炉加热温度为1190~1210℃;保温时间是:单重4~8吨的大钢锭为1.5~2.5小时,单重8~14吨的大钢锭为2.5~3.5小时;单重相同的大钢锭,MC5钢锭的保温时间比MC3钢锭多0.5~1.0小时;钢锭变形过程:第一火压钳把,然后返炉加热;第二火镦粗,镦至钢锭原高度的0.4~0.6,然后返炉;第三火拔长,相对进料量控制在0.5~0.6,拔长至方形中间坯,然后返炉;第四火镦粗,镦至原高度的0.4~0.6,然后返炉;第五火拔长,相对进料量控制在0.5~0.6,拔长至圆形中间坯返炉,注意控制末火的变形量>20%;第六火是末火,采用上平下V型砧子将圆形中间坯拔长至冷轧辊毛坯;终锻温度≥850℃;第三,辊坯处理阶段,采用常规的冷轧辊毛坯的正火,球化退火及扩氢退火热处理;车削加工,将热加工锻造后的大型冷轧辊毛坯加工成尺寸符合规格的大型冷轧辊辊坯;成品检验;制造出符合标准的大型MC3、MC5高铬钢冷轧辊辊坯成品。
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