CN1673761A - Gas insulation combined electric device local discharge superhigh frequency detection apparatus and method - Google Patents

Gas insulation combined electric device local discharge superhigh frequency detection apparatus and method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1673761A
CN1673761A CN 200510057031 CN200510057031A CN1673761A CN 1673761 A CN1673761 A CN 1673761A CN 200510057031 CN200510057031 CN 200510057031 CN 200510057031 A CN200510057031 A CN 200510057031A CN 1673761 A CN1673761 A CN 1673761A
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frequency
inner wire
outer conductor
local discharge
adopts
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CN100363747C (en
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唐炬
孙才新
张晓星
魏钢
杜林�
李剑
周泉
王有元
陈伟根
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Chongqing University
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Chongqing University
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Abstract

The UHF detection equipment for local discharge in gas insulated combined electric appliance consists of seven parts of gas insulated combined electric appliance, leaked electromagnetic wave, UHF ultrawideband vibrator antenna sensor, coaxial RF cables, amplifying filter, high speed digital sampler, bus and computer. The present invention has effectively increased UHF detecting bandwidth and raised detecting sensitivity and S/N ratio, so that it can obtain accurate local discharge information. The present invention may be used widely in insulation state monitoring of gas insulated high voltage equipment with SF6 breaker, gas insulated cable, etc.

Description

Gas insulation combined electric device local discharge superhigh frequency detection apparatus and method
Technical field
The present invention relates to gas insulated combined electrical equipment (GIS) local discharge superhigh frequency detection range, particularly relate to a kind of gas insulation combined electric device local discharge superhigh frequency detection apparatus and method.
Background technology
GIS local discharge signal of the prior art detects, and its sensor technology is a very crucial technology.Owing to the GIS local discharge signal is the pulse that the time width scope is about 1~number ns, frequency can be up to more than the 1GHz, and the principal element that influences the external noise of partial discharge detecting sensor based is the electromagnetic wave that radio station or wireless telecommunications are launched, its frequency range from several kHz to tens MHz, when therefore detecting local discharge signal in strong noise environment, uhf sensor has greater advantage.Disclose flat 3-56016 patent as Japan special permission, this patent disclosure in the canister of gas insulated combined electrical equipment, tours antenna is set, detect the electromagnetic wave method of shelf depreciation generation by this tours antenna.Domestic GIS product does not consider to install built-in ring sensor when design, only consider to adopt the uhf sensor that is arranged on the GIS outside.The antenna patent of the disclosed GIS failure detector of Chinese for another example utility model CN00237978.3, it is made up of signal receiver, impedance transformer, shielded cable, it is characterized in that, signal receiver be shaped as belt body, be provided with slot in the middle of it, be connected to impedance transformer between shielded cable and the signal receiver.Domestic and international disclosed GIS detection method for local discharge or device, though they have brought some good effects, but because its detection frequency band is narrower, sensitivity is not high, antijamming capability is relatively poor, when local discharge signal is very faint, particularly use ultrahigh frequency external antenna sensor to be to the uhf electromagnetic wave of GIS outside by the insulator slot leakage, this moment, signal had than high attenuation, and is fainter.Its detection method is single, the detection effect is not satisfactory.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of gas insulation combined electric device local discharge superhigh frequency detection apparatus and method, it can effectively increase the local discharge of gas-insulator switchgear ultrahigh frequency and detect frequency band, improve the detection sensitivity and the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of the local discharge signal in the gas insulated combined electrical equipment, thereby obtain shelf depreciation information more accurately.
The present invention can come to be realized by the following technical programs: gas insulation combined electric device local discharge superhigh frequency detection apparatus and method, it is by gas insulated combined electrical equipment (1), leakage electromagnetic wave (4), ultrahigh frequency ultrabroad band element antenna sensor (5), coaxial radio frequency cable (6,8), amplifilter (7), high-speed figure collector (9), bus (10), computing machine (11) seven parts constitute, it is characterized in that: gas insulated combined electrical equipment is by shell (1), inner wire (2), insulator (3) is formed, insulator (3) adopts with inner wire (2) and is tightly connected, and shell (1) adopts seal flange to be connected with insulator (3); When inner wire (2) band high-tension electricity, local discharge signal will take place when having insulation defect to produce in GIS shell (1), excite up to the high-frequency current pulse more than the 1GHz, electromagnetic wave is propagated in housing (1), catadioptric takes place when insulator (3) in the electromagnetic wave of propagating, and produces leakage electromagnetic wave (4); The detection frequency band of ultrahigh frequency ultrabroad band element antenna sensor (5) is between 300MHz~1000MHz, it is by plug-assembly (12), lock pin inner wire (13), feed outer conductor (14), medium circle (15,16), conductor conversion head (17), main outer conductor (18), main inner wire (19), isolate and support (20), radiation arm (21,26), impedance transformer (22), two threaded caps (23), high-frequency dielectric (24), feed inner wire (25), allotment nut (27), blind nut (28), fastening nut (29) is formed, radiation arm (21) is connected with main outer conductor (18) by two threaded caps (23), main outer conductor (18) is connected with feed outer conductor (14) by conductor conversion head (17), feed outer conductor (14) adopts with plug-assembly (12) and is threaded, radiation arm (26) adopts sliding fit to be connected by allotment nut (27) and feed inner wire (25), radiation arm (26) and blind nut (28), fastening nut (29) adopts and is threaded, feed inner wire (25) adopts with main inner wire (19) and is threaded, main inner wire (19) adopts with lock pin inner wire (13) and is threaded, support (20) and isolate radiation arm (21) by the isolation that insulating medium is formed, main outer conductor (18) closely connects, high-frequency dielectric of forming by insulating medium (24) and radiation arm (21), closely connect between the radiation arm (26), impedance transformer of forming by insulating medium (22) and main outer conductor (18), the contact of main inner wire (19) sliding fit, medium circle (15) and lock pin inner wire (13), feed outer conductor (14) closely connects, medium circle (16) and feed outer conductor (14), main outer conductor (18) connects, ultrahigh frequency ultrabroad band element antenna sensor (5) is connected with coaxial radio frequency cable (6) by plug-assembly (12), coaxial radio frequency cable (6) is connected with amplifilter (7), amplifilter (7) is connected with coaxial radio frequency cable (8), coaxial radio frequency cable (8) is connected with high-speed figure collector (9), and high-speed figure collector (9) is connected with computing machine (11) by bus (10).
Described method comprises: select the asymmetric dipole form for use, the impedance of ultrahigh frequency ultrabroad band element antenna sensor (5) is changed round about with frequency respectively, improve the impedance frequency bandwidth characteristics of ultrahigh frequency ultrabroad band element antenna sensor (5), increase its frequency span, frequency span by B = 2 Δf f 0 = 2 | 1 - 2 π | arctan Z 0 1 - | Γ | 2 | Γ | R d Calculating provides; Introduce the frequency band that adjustable additional impedance comes further broadening antenna at the upper arm of ultrahigh frequency ultrabroad band element antenna sensor (5), its additional impedance respectively by Z d = j X d = j Z 0 ′ tan ( 2 πL d λ g ) , Z k = j X k = j Z 0 ′ cot ( 2 π L k λ g ) Calculating provides; Adopt ultrahigh frequency ultrabroad band element antenna sensor (5), amplifilter (7), high-speed figure collector (9), bus (10), computing machine (11) to form detection system, improve signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) and sensitivity that local discharge signal detects.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that local discharge of gas-insulator switchgear ultrahigh frequency external antenna sensor device detects synoptic diagram.
Fig. 2 is a local discharge of gas-insulator switchgear ultrahigh frequency external antenna transducer arrangement configuration synoptic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the ultrahigh frequency ultrabroad band element antenna sensor construction figure of expression design.Wherein: (12) are that plug-assembly, (13) are feed outer conductor, (15 for lock pin inner wire, (14), 16) be that conductor conversion head, (18) are that main inner wire, (19) are that main outer conductor, (20) are supported for isolating, (21,26) are that radiation arm, (22) are fastening nut for allotment nut, (28) for blind nut, (29) for feed inner wire, (27) for high-frequency dielectric, (25) for two threaded caps, (24) for impedance transformer, (23) for medium circle, (17).
Fig. 4 is a microwave amplifilter structural representation.
Fig. 5 is the bandpass filter principle schematic.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing technical scheme of the present invention is described further:
Gas insulation combined electric device local discharge superhigh frequency detection apparatus and method, its detection principle is: ultrahigh frequency ultrabroad band element antenna sensor is accepted the electromagnetic wave signal that local discharge of gas-insulator switchgear excites, through the amplification and the filtering of amplifilter, by high-speed figure collector acquired signal waveform and deliver to computer stored and handle and carry out the diagnosis and the identification of partial discharges fault.Gas insulation combined electric device local discharge superhigh frequency detection apparatus, it is made of gas insulated combined electrical equipment, leakage electromagnetic wave (4), ultrahigh frequency ultrabroad band element antenna sensor (5), coaxial radio frequency cable (6,8), amplifilter (7), high-speed figure collector (9), bus (10), computing machine (11) seven parts.When inner wire (2) is gone up the band high-tension electricity, when in GIS housing (1), insulation defect being arranged in fault location generation shelf depreciation, generation is up to the high-frequency current pulse more than the 1GHz, electromagnetic wave is propagated in housing (1), the electromagnetic wave of propagating is through insulation period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m generation catadioptric, and by the slot antenna launching electromagnetic wave of insulator slit surfaces current drives.The electromagnetic wave (4) of emission is received by the upper and lower radiation arm (21) of ultrahigh frequency ultrabroad band element antenna sensor (5), (26), and induction current is along the outside surface transmission of radiation arm (21), (26).Allotment nut (27) is an additional impedance, has only reactive component, and its variation tendency just in time reactance change trend with asymmetric vibrator is opposite, plays the effect that imaginary part is cancelled each other, thus the bandwidth of broadening antenna.Impedance transformer (22) changes the characteristic impedance of cable, thereby plays the effect of impedance conversion by the position of the air dielectric at change concentric cable two ends, can improve stationary wave characteristic.When electric current carries out Signal Pretreatment with being input in the amplifilter (7) after radio frequency coaxial-cable is connected during at last by antenna pedestal (12).When antenna is accepted leakage electromagnetic wave (4), if it is narrower to detect frequency band, will lose a large amount of discharge information, make detection sensitivity be subjected to certain restriction.Because it is many to detect on-the-spot interference source, the undesired signal amplitude is big, and local discharge signal is very faint; On the other hand, because the frequency that transformer station's ground unrest and corona disturb is usually less than 200MHz, therefore, the frequency of selecting to detect can effectively be avoided low-frequency disturbance at hyper band.Through on-the-spot test, the frequency of detection during greater than 1GHz local discharge energy very little, therefore, the detection frequency of selection should be less than below the 1GHz.
In order to realize the foregoing invention purpose, the ultrahigh frequency ultrabroad band element antenna sensor (5) that the present invention adopts, it detects frequency band between 300MHz~1000MHz.
The resonant aerial electric current is standing wave and distributes, and input resistance and input reactance all are sensitivity functions of its electrical length (ratio of physical dimension and wavelength).The severe degree that the input impedance of element antenna changes with electrical length depends primarily on the antenna characteristics impedance.The characteristic impedance of element antenna depends primarily on the line footpath of oscillator again than (oscillator length and diameter ratio).So, can make oscillator have bigger cross section and come the broadening beamwidth of antenna.On using, engineering can estimate the frequency band of antenna with following formula:
B = 2 Δf f 0 = 2 | 1 - 2 π | arctan Z 0 1 - | Γ | 2 | Γ | R d - - - [ 1 ]
In [1] formula, R AResistance value for feeder; Γ is the given maximum reflection coefficient with respect to the centre frequency impedance of band edge; Z 0Average characteristics impedance for symmetrical dipole.
Detect requirement according to the scene of formula [1] and antenna sensor, the line that can calculate element antenna directly than.
Select the asymmetric dipole form for use, the size of choose reasonable two radiation arms, its impedance is changed round about with frequency respectively, can improve its impedance frequency bandwidth characteristics, increase its frequency span, and the size that makes antenna reduces a lot than common half-wavelength, realizes the miniaturization and the practicability of antenna, is beneficial to the installation and the application of on-the-spot checkout equipment.
Be further broadening antenna frequency band, the utilization Theoretical Calculation is regulated the method that combines with experiment, employing is introduced the frame mode of the additional impedance (being that antenna loads) that can regulate at the antenna upper arm, has solved the engineering roadblock of element antenna inconvenience when carrying out impedance adjustment.
Antenna loads to be actually and utilizes loading stub (comprising short-circuit line and open-circuit line) to realize.By transmission line theory as can be known, the impedance of short-circuit line and open-circuit line is respectively:
Z d = j X d = j Z 0 ′ tan ( 2 πL d λ g ) - - - [ 2 ]
Z k = j X k = j Z 0 ′ cot ( 2 π L k λ g ) - - - [ 3 ]
Here L dAnd L kThe length of representing short-circuit line and open-circuit line respectively; λ gFor transmission line is led interior wavelength.
When 0 < L d < &lambda; g 4 The time, 0<X d<∞, stub are inductance element; When &lambda; g 4 < L d < &lambda; g 2 The time ,-∞<X d<0, stub is a capacity cell.When 0 < L k < &lambda; g 4 The time ,-∞<X k<0, stub is a capacity cell; When &lambda; g 4 < L k < &lambda; g 2 The time, 0<X k<∞, stub are inductance element.
The element antenna of this programme design is owing to adopted the version of coaxial antenna, realized that not only antenna loads the convenience of regulating, and in structural design with impedance transformer design in element antenna inside, make antenna and radio-frequency cable coupling when having realized dexterity, the compactedness of antenna structure.
Because the antenna of this programme design has omni-directional, therefore when vertical pendulum is put on the wooden antenna holder, can be positioned over the sensor that gather as the GIS local discharge signal near any place of GIS, also very convenient during use.
Ultrahigh frequency ultrabroad band element antenna to this programme design is surveyed, and its standing-wave ratio (SWR) is 350~750MHz less than 2 frequency range, and centre frequency is 550MHz, and relative bandwidth reaches 0.73, reaches ultrabroad band.The gain of 510MHz is 1.62dB.When using the normal vector network analyzer to measure standing-wave ratio (SWR) the allotment nut (27) of antenna is regulated,, after regulating allotment nut (27), can be used double-tube glue that allotment nut (27) is fixed to widen the antenna frequency band.
The outer energy loss of the effective bandwidth of antenna sensor is not infinity, even can be coupled to electromagnetic signal outside antenna effective bandwidth yet.Because GIS Partial Discharge Detection field condition complexity, interference source is more, interference strength is big, and local discharge signal is faint, consider that undesired signal mainly concentrates on low-frequency range, therefore adopt amplifilter and antenna sensor to form the ultrahigh frequency detection system jointly to increase the sensitivity of signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) and Partial Discharge Detection.
With reference to accompanying drawing 4, amplification with the ultimate principle of filtering circuit is: adopt ERA-3 low noise high-gain coupling integrated amplifier, amplifier adopts single power supply, C 1, L and R cWork dispel coupling and filter action, C 2Play to input signal every straight effect, after connect microwave filter, form the microwave filtering amplifier.
The method for designing and the low frequency filter of microwave filter are basic identical, but because microwave wavelength is short, the frequency height, must replace lumped-parameter element in the low-frequency channel with element with distributed parameters, and must check that the parasitic passband that caused by these elements with distributed parameters is whether away from the frequency of required inhibition.The microwave of wave filter realizes adopting high low-impedance line to realize.Because the singularity of microwave, the element that microwave circuit adopted is distinct with the used element of circuit common structurally.This species diversity on the component structure has caused the singularity of microwave filter.Microstrip line construction is simple, and volume is less, and is easy to process, is convenient to again be connected to integral body with microwave solid-state device, realizes the miniaturization of microstrip line and integrated easily, therefore selects for use microstrip line to make the passive ultra-high frequency wave filter.The amplifilter test result is: standing-wave ratio (SWR) is 300~1000MHz less than 2 frequency range, gain 20dB.
Gas insulation combined electric device local discharge superhigh frequency detection apparatus provided by the invention and method, but the shelf depreciation in the ultrabroad band high-sensitivity detection gas insulated combined electrical equipment.The matched well of ultrahigh frequency ultra-wide band antenna and microwave amplifilter can increase detection sensitivity, suppresses low-frequency range and disturbs.This invention can be widely used in SF 6The insulation state monitoring of gas isolated high-voltage electrical equipment such as isolating switch, GI cable.

Claims (2)

1, gas insulation combined electric device local discharge superhigh frequency detection apparatus and method, its pick-up unit is by gas insulated combined electrical equipment (1), leakage electromagnetic wave (4), ultrahigh frequency ultrabroad band element antenna sensor (5), coaxial radio frequency cable (6,8), amplifilter (7), high-speed figure collector (9), bus (10), computing machine (11) seven parts constitute, it is characterized in that: gas insulated combined electrical equipment is by shell (1), inner wire (2), insulator (3) is formed, insulator (3) adopts with inner wire (2) and is tightly connected, and shell (1) adopts seal flange to be connected with insulator (3); When inner wire (2) band high-tension electricity, local discharge signal will take place when having insulation defect to produce in GIS shell (1), excite up to the high-frequency current pulse more than the 1GHz, electromagnetic wave is propagated in housing (1), catadioptric takes place when insulator (3) in the electromagnetic wave of propagating, and produces leakage electromagnetic wave (4); The detection frequency band of ultrahigh frequency ultrabroad band element antenna sensor (5) is between 300MHz~1000MHz, it is by plug-assembly (12), lock pin inner wire (13), feed outer conductor (14), medium circle (15,16), conductor conversion head (17), main outer conductor (18), main inner wire (19), isolate and support (20), radiation arm (21,26), impedance transformer (22), two threaded caps (23), high-frequency dielectric (24), feed inner wire (25), allotment nut (27), blind nut (28), fastening nut (29) is formed, radiation arm (21) is connected with main outer conductor (18) by two threaded caps (23), main outer conductor (18) is connected with feed outer conductor (14) by conductor conversion head (17), feed outer conductor (14) adopts with plug-assembly (12) and is threaded, radiation arm (26) adopts sliding fit to be connected by allotment nut (27) and feed inner wire (25), radiation arm (26) and blind nut (28), fastening nut (29) adopts and is threaded, feed inner wire (25) adopts with main inner wire (19) and is threaded, main inner wire (19) adopts with lock pin inner wire (13) and is threaded, support (20) and isolate radiation arm (21) by the isolation that insulating medium is formed, main outer conductor (18) closely connects, high-frequency dielectric of forming by insulating medium (24) and radiation arm (21), closely connect between the radiation arm (26), impedance transformer of forming by insulating medium (22) and main outer conductor (18), the contact of main inner wire (19) sliding fit, medium circle (15) and lock pin inner wire (13), feed outer conductor (14) closely connects, medium circle (16) and feed outer conductor (14), main outer conductor (18) connects, ultrahigh frequency ultrabroad band element antenna sensor (5) is connected with coaxial radio frequency cable (6) by plug-assembly (12), coaxial radio frequency cable (6) is connected with amplifilter (7), amplifilter (7) is connected with coaxial radio frequency cable (8), coaxial radio frequency cable (8) is connected with high-speed figure collector (9), and high-speed figure collector (9) is connected with computing machine (11) by bus (10).
2, gas insulation combined electric device local discharge superhigh frequency detection apparatus according to claim 1 and method, it is characterized in that, described method comprises: select the asymmetric dipole form for use, the impedance of ultrahigh frequency ultrabroad band element antenna sensor (5) is changed round about with frequency respectively, improve the impedance frequency bandwidth characteristics of ultrahigh frequency ultrabroad band element antenna sensor (5), increase its frequency span, frequency span by B = 2 &Delta;f f 0 = 2 | 1 - 2 &pi; | arctan Z 0 1 - | &Gamma; | 2 | &Gamma; | R d Calculating provides; Introduce the frequency band that adjustable additional impedance comes further broadening antenna at the upper arm of ultrahigh frequency ultrabroad band element antenna sensor (5), its additional impedance respectively by Z d = j X d = j Z 0 &prime; tan ( 2 &pi; L d &lambda; g ) , Z k = j X k = - j Z 0 &prime; cot ( 2 &pi; L k &lambda; g ) Calculating provides; Adopt ultrahigh frequency ultrabroad band element antenna sensor (5), amplifilter (7), high-speed figure collector (9), bus (10), computing machine (11) to form detection system, improve signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) and sensitivity that local discharge signal detects.
CNB2005100570311A 2005-04-26 2005-04-26 Gas insulation combined electric device local discharge superhigh frequency detection apparatus and method Expired - Fee Related CN100363747C (en)

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CN100427961C (en) * 2006-09-20 2008-10-22 重庆大学 Virtual instrument technique based gas insulation combined electric appliances online detecting method
CN101650407B (en) * 2009-09-02 2011-04-13 江苏省电力公司常州供电公司 Sulfur hexafluoride gas insulation totally-enclosed combined electric partial discharge detection and positioning system
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CN102096026A (en) * 2009-12-11 2011-06-15 上海莫克电子技术有限公司 Portable partial discharge detector for insulating switch
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CN105842595A (en) * 2016-05-20 2016-08-10 国家电网公司 Broadband scanning-type cable partial discharge measurement device
CN106054034A (en) * 2016-05-20 2016-10-26 国家电网公司 Broadband scanning type cable partial discharge measurement device and detection method
CN105842595B (en) * 2016-05-20 2018-09-11 国网河北省电力有限公司石家庄供电分公司 A kind of broadband scan-type cable local discharge measuring device
CN108288848A (en) * 2018-03-09 2018-07-17 天地(常州)自动化股份有限公司 Underground coal mine motor electric leakage blocking device
CN110346700A (en) * 2019-07-31 2019-10-18 国网上海市电力公司 Transformer drain the oil valve type partial discharge monitoring with positioning system compound sensor

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