CN1672292A - Multi-beam antenna - Google Patents

Multi-beam antenna Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1672292A
CN1672292A CNA038177196A CN03817719A CN1672292A CN 1672292 A CN1672292 A CN 1672292A CN A038177196 A CNA038177196 A CN A038177196A CN 03817719 A CN03817719 A CN 03817719A CN 1672292 A CN1672292 A CN 1672292A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
antenna
electromagnetic
lens
antenna feed
feed element
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Pending
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CNA038177196A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
詹姆斯·P·埃布林
加布里埃尔·勒比耶兹
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Automotive Systems Laboratory Inc
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Automotive Systems Laboratory Inc
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Publication of CN1672292A publication Critical patent/CN1672292A/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/06Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
    • H01Q19/062Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens for focusing
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/02Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism
    • H01Q15/04Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism comprising wave-guiding channel or channels bounded by effective conductive surfaces substantially perpendicular to the electric vector of the wave, e.g. parallel-plate waveguide lens
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/02Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism
    • H01Q15/08Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism formed of solid dielectric material
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/18Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/19Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces comprising one main concave reflecting surface associated with an auxiliary reflecting surface
    • H01Q19/195Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces comprising one main concave reflecting surface associated with an auxiliary reflecting surface wherein a reflecting surface acts also as a polarisation filter or a polarising device
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006Particular feeding systems
    • H01Q21/0031Parallel-plate fed arrays; Lens-fed arrays
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H01Q25/007Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns using two or more primary active elements in the focal region of a focusing device
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H01Q25/007Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns using two or more primary active elements in the focal region of a focusing device
    • H01Q25/008Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns using two or more primary active elements in the focal region of a focusing device lens fed multibeam arrays
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/24Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching
    • H01Q3/242Circumferential scanning
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/24Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching
    • H01Q3/245Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching in the focal plane of a focussing device

Abstract

A multi-beam antenna comprises an electromagnetic lens, at least one first antenna feed element, at least one second antenna feed element, and a selective element located between first and second portions of the electromagnetic lens with which the respective antenna feed elements respectively cooperate. The transmissivity and reflectivity of the selective element are responsive to an electromagnetic wave property, e.g. frequency or polarization. A first electromagnetic wave in cooperation with the at least one first antenna feed element and having a first value of the electromagnetic wave property is substantially transmitted through the selective element so as to propagate in both the first and second portions of the electromagnetic lens. A second electromagnetic wave in cooperation with the at least one second antenna feed element and having a second value of the electromagnetic wave property is substantially reflected by the selective element.

Description

Multi-beam antenna
Description of drawings
In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 illustrates the vertical view of first embodiment of the multi-beam antenna that comprises electromagnetic lens.
Fig. 2 illustrates the lateral cross-sectional view of the embodiment of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 illustrates the lateral cross-sectional view that Fig. 1 has merged the embodiment of intercepted electromagnetic lens.
Fig. 4 illustrates the lateral cross-sectional view of embodiment, marginal data all places of dielectric substrate with respect to electromagnetic lens.
Fig. 5 illustrates an embodiment, and wherein, each antenna electricity supply element operationally is coupled on the independent signal.
Fig. 6 illustrates switching network and the separated embodiment in dielectric substrate position.
Fig. 7 illustrates the vertical view of second embodiment of multi-beam antenna, comprises to be positioned at a plurality of electromagnetic lenses that approach an edge of dielectric substrate.
Fig. 8 illustrates the vertical view of the 3rd embodiment of multi-beam antenna, comprises a plurality of electromagnetic lenses that are positioned at the opposite edges that approaches dielectric substrate.
Fig. 9 illustrates the end view of the 3rd embodiment shown in Figure 8, has also comprised a plurality of reflectors.
Figure 10 illustrates the 4th embodiment of multi-beam antenna, comprises electromagnetic lens and reflector.
Figure 11 illustrates the 5th embodiment of multi-beam antenna.
Figure 12 illustrates the 6th embodiment of multi-beam antenna, has merged first embodiment of selection element.
Figure 13 illustrates the example according to the frequency-selective surfaces of first embodiment of selection element.
Figure 14 illustrates the function of the frequency on the frequency selectivity surface shown in Figure 13.
Figure 15 illustrates the function that the transmissivity shown in Figure 13 is the frequency-selective surfaces frequency.
Figure 16 a and 16b illustrate the 7th embodiment of multi-beam antenna, have merged second embodiment of selection element.
Figure 17 illustrates the 8th embodiment of the multi-beam antenna of second embodiment that has merged selection element, has also merged polarization rotating joint.
Figure 18 illustrates the 9th embodiment of multi-beam antenna, has merged first embodiment of selection element.
Figure 19 illustrates the tenth embodiment of multi-beam antenna, has merged first embodiment of selection element.
Figure 20 a, 20b, 20c and 20d illustrate the 11 embodiment of multi-beam antenna, have merged first embodiment of selection element.
Embodiment
With reference to figure 1 and Fig. 2, multi-beam antenna 10,10.1 on dielectric substrate 16, comprise at least one electromagnetic lens 12 and a plurality of antenna feed element 14 near first edge 18, wherein, a plurality of antenna feed elements 14 are applicable to that radiation passes through each a plurality of electromagnetic energy wave beam 20 of at least one electromagnetic lens 12.
Described at least one electromagnetic lens 12 has first side 22, has first contour 24 in the intersection of first side 22 and reference surface 26 (for example the plane 26.1).
Described at least one electromagnetic lens 12 is used for diffraction from the electromagnetic wave of each antenna feed element 14, is wherein producing different associated electrical magnetic energy wave beams 20 with respect to the diverse location of at least one electromagnetic lens 12 and the different antennae electricity supply element on the different directions 14.Described at least one electromagnetic lens 12 has the refractive index n that is different from free space, and for example refractive index n is greater than one (1).For example, described at least one electromagnetic lens 12 can be by such as REXOLITE TM, TEFLON TM, polyethylene or polystyrene material constitute; Or multiple different materials (for example material in the Luneburg lens) with different refractivity constitutes.According to known diffraction principle, the shape and size of described at least one electromagnetic lens 12 and refractive index n thereof and antenna feed element 14 is adaptive according to the radiating pattern of antenna feed element 14 with the relative position of electromagnetic lens 12, the required radiating pattern of each electromagnetic energy wave beam that penetrates with second side, 28 places that are provided at described at least one electromagnetic lens 12.Although described at least one electromagnetic lens 12 shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 is being spherical lens 12 ', but described at least one electromagnetic lens 12 is not limited to any one particular design, for example it can comprise spherical lens, Luneburg lens, spherical shell lens, packaged lens, is the lens of sphere, is lens, cylindrical lens or the relay lens of spherical shell to small part to small part.And one or more parts of electromagnetic lens 12 can be cut the flat encapsulation that is used to improve, and are little to the performance impact of relevant multi-beam antenna 10,10.1.For example, it is the electromagnetic lens 12 of sphere that Fig. 3 illustrates to small part ", its one 27 and the 2 29 reverse part has been removed.
First edge 18 of dielectric substrate 16 comprises second contour 30 near first contour 24.First edge 18 of dielectric substrate 16 is positioned on the reference surface 26, and the position is near first side 22 of described at least one electromagnetic lens 12.Dielectric substrate 16 is located with respect to electromagnetic lens 12, so that provide at least one electromagnetic lens 12 to form the required diffraction of electromagnetic energy wave beam 20.For example, multi-beam antenna 10 comprises smooth dielectric substrate 16, and smooth dielectric substrate 16 is positioned on the reference surface 26 that comprises plane 26.1, combines as spherical lens 12 ' with the electromagnetic lens 12 that comprises center 32; Plane 26.1 can be fully near the center 32 of electromagnetic lens 12, so that the diffraction of at least a portion of electromagnetic lens 12 is provided.With reference to figure 4, dielectric substrate 16 also can be positioned at a side or the opposite side at center 32 with respect to the center 32 of electromagnetic lens 12, as shown is dielectric substrate 16 ' and 16 ", it is positioned at each reference surface 26 ' and 26 " on.
Dielectric substrate 16 is for example for to have low-loss material, as DUROID on operating frequency TM, contain TEFLON TMMaterial, ceramic material or composite material, as the epoxy/glass fibre composites.And, in one embodiment, dielectric substrate 16 comprises the dielectric 16.1 of circuit board 34, circuit board 34 for example is a printed circuit board (PCB) 34.1, it comprises at least one conductive layer 36 that is connected on the dielectric substrate 16, adopts to subdue (subtractive) technology as chemistry or ion(ic) etching or stamping technology; Or adopt the technology of augmenting to form antenna feed element 14 and other interlock circuit trace 38 at this place as deposit, bonding or lamination techniques.
A plurality of antenna feed elements 14 are positioned on the dielectric substrate 16 of second contour 30 at first edge 18, and wherein, each antenna feed element 14 all comprises at least one and is operably connected to electric conductor 40 on the dielectric substrate 16.For example, at least one antenna feed element 14 comprises end-fire (end-fire) antenna element 14.1, be applicable to substantially with direction 42 towards first side, 22 launching electromagnetic waves of at least one electromagnetic lens 12 or receive electromagnetic wave from first side 22 of at least one electromagnetic lens 12, wherein, different end-on-fire antenna elements 14.1 are positioned on the diverse location of second contour 30, so that each electromagnetic wave on emission or the reception different directions 42.End-on-fire antenna element 14.1 also can for example comprise Yagi-Uda antenna, coplane (coplanar) horn antenna (being also referred to as taper slit (slot) antenna), Vivaldi antenna, taper dielectric rod, slot antenna, dipole antenna or helical antenna, each antenna all can be formed on the dielectric substrate 16 of printed circuit board 34.1 for example, by the technology of subduing as chemistry or ion(ic) etching or punching press; Also can form by the technology of augmenting as deposit, bonding or lamination techniques.And antenna feed element 14 both can be used for sending, received or both all can.
With reference to figure 4, by electromagnetic lens 12, the direction 42 of one or more electromagnetic energy wave beams 20 of 12 ' is corresponding to dielectric substrate 16,16 ' or 16 " and with respect to the coherent reference surface 26,26 ' or 26 at the center 32 of electromagnetic lens 12 " relative position.For example, aim at substantially with center 32, nominally the direction 42 of one or more electromagnetic energy wave beams 20 is aimed at reference surface 26 for dielectric substrate 16.Selectable, at electromagnetic lens 12, on 12 ' the center 32, one or more electromagnetic energy wave beams 20 ' that produced 32 times at the center are propagated with direction 42 ' for dielectric substrate 16 '.Similarly, for dielectric substrate 16 " at electromagnetic lens 12,12 ' center 32 times, the one or more electromagnetic energy wave beams 20 that produced " on center 32 with direction 42 " propagate.
Multi-beam antenna 10 can comprise at least one transmission line 44 in addition on dielectric substrate 16, it is operably connected to the feed port 46 of a plurality of antenna feed elements 14, feeds signals to associated antenna electricity supply element 14.For example, described at least one transmission line 44 can comprise strip line, microstrip line, inversion microstrip line, the line of rabbet joint (slotline), image line (image line) and insulation image line, tap image line, coplanar stripline or the co-planar waveguide line on the substrate 16 that is formed at printed circuit board 34.1 for example, by the technology of subduing as chemistry or ion(ic) etching or punching press; Or by the technology of augmenting formation as deposit, bonding or lamination techniques.
Multi-beam antenna 10 can comprise the switching network 48 that contains at least one input 50 and a plurality of output 52 in addition, wherein, at least one input 50 is operably connected, and to common antenna current feed port 54, each output 52 connection---as passing through at least one above-mentioned transmission line 44---of a plurality of outputs 52 are to each feed port 46 of the different antennae electricity supply element 14 of a plurality of antenna feed elements 14---for example by at least one above-mentioned transmission line 44---.Switching network 48 comprises at least one control port 56 in addition, is used to be controlled at interior which output 52 preset time and is connected at least one input 50.Switching network 48 can for example comprise the combination of a plurality of micro-machinery switchs, pin diode switch, transistor switch or multiple switch, it can for example be operably connected on the dielectric substrate 16, as by realizing on the relevant conductive layer 36 that is surface mounted to printed circuit board 34.1.
In the operating process, in response to the control signal 60 that is loaded into control port 56, the electric feed signal 58 that is loaded into common antenna current feed port 54 can be blocked---as passing through open circuit, reflection or absorbing---or, switch to the relevant feed port 46 of one or more antenna feed elements 14 by switching network 48 through one or more associated transport lines 44.Should be appreciated that electric feed signal 58 can comprise with the total single signal of each antenna electricity supply element 14 or also can comprise a plurality of signals relevant with different antennae electricity supply element 14.Each antenna electricity supply element 14 that electric feed signal 58 is loaded all is transmitted into the associated electrical magnetic wave on first side 22 of associated electrical magnetic lens 12, thereby electromagnetic wave forms associated electrical magnetic energy wave beam 20 through diffraction.Associated electrical magnetic energy wave beam 20 by 14 emissions of different antennae electricity supply element is propagated on 42 different related sides.Various electromagnetic energy wave beams 20 can generate separately in the different time, so that the electromagnetic energy wave beam 20 of scanning is provided.Selectable, two or more electromagnetic energy wave beams 20 can generate simultaneously.And, different antenna feed elements 14 can be by different frequency drives, it for example can be directly switch on each antenna feed element 14 or also and can switch through related switch network 48, related switch network 48 contains a plurality of inputs 50, and some input is connected on the different electric feed signal 58 at least.
With reference to figure 5, multi-beam antenna 10,10.1 can be adapted such that 14 one-tenth man-to-man relations of each signal and each antenna feed element, thereby has got rid of the needs of related switch network 48.For example, each antenna feed element 14 can be operably connected to coherent signal 59 by relevant treatment element 61.In an example, be configured to mirror array (imaging array) for multi-beam antenna 10,10.1, each antenna feed element 14 is used for receiving electromagnetic energy, and each treatment element 61 comprises detector.In another example, be configured to communication antenna (communication antenna) for multi-beam antenna 10,10.1, each antenna feed element 14 both had been used for sending and also had been used for receiving electromagnetic energy, and each treatment element 61 comprises transmission/receiver module or transceiver.
With reference to figure 6, switching network 48 (if employing) does not just need to be configured on the common dielectric substrate 16, but can dispose dividually, for example can be used for the low frequency applications of 1-20GHz.
With reference to figure 7,8 and 9, according to second aspect, multi-beam antenna 10 ' comprises at least the one 12.1 and the 2 12.2 electromagnetic lens, each all contains first side 22.1,22.2, the first corresponding contour 24.1,24.2 be positioned at the infall of each first side 22.1,22.2 and reference surface 26.Dielectric substrate 16 comprises at least one second edge 62 that contains the 3rd contour 64, and wherein, second contour 30 is near first contour 24.1 of first electromagnetic lens 12.1 and the 3rd contour 64 first contour 24.2 near second electromagnetic lens 12.2.
With reference to figure 7, according to second embodiment of multi-beam antenna 10.2, second edge 62 is identical with first edge 18, and the 2 30 and the 3 64 contour staggers each other along first edge 18 of dielectric substrate 16.
With reference to figure 8, according to the 3rd embodiment of multi-beam antenna 10.3, second edge 62 is different from first edge 18, and more particularly it is relative with first edge 18 of dielectric substrate 16.
With reference to figure 9,, multi-beam antenna 10 according to the third aspect " comprise at least one reflector 66, wherein, reference surface 26 and at least one reflector 66 intersect and one of at least one electromagnetic lens 12 between dielectric substrate 16 and reflector 66.At least one reflector 66 is applicable to that reflection generates the electromagnetic energy that propagate by at least one electromagnetic lens 12 back by at least one many antenna feed element 14.The 3rd embodiment of multi-beam antenna 10 comprises at least the one 66.1 and the 2 66.2 reflector, wherein, first electromagnetic lens 12.1 is between the dielectric substrate 16 and first reflector 66.1, and second electromagnetic lens 12.2 is between the dielectric substrate 16 and second reflector 66.2, first reflector 66.1 is applicable to the electromagnetic energy that reflection is propagated by first electromagnetic lens 12.1 after at least one the many antenna feed element 14 on second contour 30 produces, and second reflector 66.2 is applicable to the electromagnetic energy that reflection is propagated by second electromagnetic lens after at least one the antenna feed element 14 on the 3rd contour 64 produces.For example, the one 66.1 and the 2 66.2 reflector is directed in the electromagnetic energy wave beam 20 of guiding from each side on the common nominal direction, as shown in Figure 9.With reference to figure 9, shown multi-beam antenna 10 " scanning perpendicular to the direction on diagram plane will be provided.Turn 90 degrees so much beam antenna 10 if dielectric substrate 16 is revolved around the axle that is connected to each electromagnetic lens 12.1,12.2, with respect to reflector 66.1 and 66.2 " scanning that is parallel on the direction that illustrates the plane will be provided.
With reference to Figure 10, according to the third aspect and the 4th embodiment, multi-beam antenna 10 ", 10.4 comprise one to small part be electromagnetic lens 12 of sphere, as the hemisphere face electromagnetic lens, it contains curved surface 68 and border 70, as straight boundary 70.1.Multi-beam antenna 10 "; 10.4 comprise in addition near the reflector 66 on border 70 with near a plurality of antenna feed elements 14 on the dielectric substrate 16 at contour edge 72; wherein, and each antenna feed element 14 all is applicable to each many electromagnetic energies wave beam 20 is radiated on first sector 74 of electromagnetic lens 12 .Electromagnetic lens 12 have first contour 24, and it is at first sector 74 and reference planes 26 infall as plane 26.1.The edge of contour (contoured edge) 72 has second contour 30, and it is positioned on the reference surface 26 near first contour 24 of first sector 74.Other embodiment is described as mentioned, multi-beam antenna 10 ", 10.4 comprise switching network 48 and a plurality of transmission line 44 in addition, and it is operably connected to antenna feed element 14.
In the operating process, control signal 60 in response to the control port 56 that is loaded into switching network 48, at least one electric feed signal 58 that is loaded into common antenna current feed port 54 is blocked or through one or more associated transport lines 44, is switched to the relevant feed port 46 of one or more antenna feed elements 14 by switching network.Each antenna feed element 14 that electric feed signal 58 is loaded is transmitted into the associated electrical magnetic wave on first sector 74 of associated electrical magnetic lens 12 .Electromagnetic wave propagation passes through---and through diffraction---curved surface 68, then by reflector 66 reflections near border 70, Fan She electromagnetic wave propagation passes through electromagnetic lens 12 then, and leaves---and through diffraction---second sector 76, as associated electrical magnetic energy wave beam 20.Reflector 66 is basically perpendicular to reference surface 26, as shown in Figure 10, nominally different electromagnetic energy wave beam 20 is by 14 guiding of the associated antenna electricity supply element on the different directions substantially parallel with reference surface 26.
With reference to Figure 11, according to fourth aspect and the 5th embodiment, multi-beam antenna 10 , 10.5 comprise electromagnetic lens 12 and a plurality of dielectric substrate 16, and each all comprises one group of antenna feed element 14 and carries out work according to description above.In response to relevant feed 58 and control 60 signals, each group antenna feed element 14 produces (maybe can produce) relevant group electromagnetic energy wave beam 20.1,20.2 and 20.3, and each all has the related side to 42.1,42.2 and 42.3.Relevant feed 58 and control 60 signals can directly be loaded into the related switch network 48 of respectively organizing antenna feed element 14, or by having second switch network 78 loadings of relevant feed 80 and control 82 ports, each comprises at least one coherent signal relevant feed 80 and control 82 ports.Therefore, multi-beam antenna 10 , 10.4 provide and send or accept one or more electromagnetic energy wave beams on the three dimensions.
Multi-beam antenna 10 provides quite wide visual field, and is fit to various application, includes, but is not limited to car radar, point to point communication system and point to multipoint communication system, and antenna feed element 14 can be designed to the wide frequency range of radiation, for example 1-200GHz.And multi-beam antenna 10 can be configured to singlet (mono-static) or bifurcation (bi-static) operation.
With reference to Figure 12, according to the 5th aspect and the 6th embodiment, multi-beam antenna 100 comprises electromagnetic lens 102, at least one first antenna feed element 104,14 and at least one second antenna feed element 106,14.Electromagnetic lens 102 comprises the one 108 and the 2 110 part, wherein, at least one first antenna feed element 104,14 are positioned at the first 108 near electromagnetic lens 102, and at least one second antenna feed element 106,14 are positioned at the second portion 110 near electromagnetic lens 102, so that each several part 108,110 actings in conjunction of each electricity supply element 104,106,14 and approaching electromagnetic lens 102.For example, electromagnetic lens 102 can comprise spherical lens 102.1, Luneburg lens, spherical shell lens, hemisphere face lens, be the lens of sphere, is lens, cylindrical lens or the relay lens of spherical shell to small part to small part---be divided into the one 108 and the 2 110 part.
Multi-beam antenna 100 comprises selection element 112 in addition, and between the one 108 and the 2 110 part of electromagnetic lens 102, wherein, selection element 112 has transmissivity and the reflectivity corresponding to electromagnetic characteristics such as frequency or polarization.The transmissivity of selection element 112 is suitable, so that with the first antenna feed element 104, selection element 112 is crossed in 14 effects and the basic transmission of first electromagnetic wave that comprises first value of electromagnetic characteristics, so that propagate in the one 108 and the 2 110 part of electromagnetic lens 102.The reflectivity of selection element 112 be adapted such that with 106,14 actings in conjunction of the second antenna feed element and second electromagnetic wave of second value with electromagnetic characteristics substantially by selectivity element 112 reflection.In the 6th embodiment described in Figure 12, it is adaptive that selection element 112 and frequency-selective surfaces 114---are diplexers (diplexer)---in essence, so that transmissivity and reflectivity are corresponding to the electromagnetic frequency of colliding thereon.Therefore, contain the first carrier frequency f 1And cross selection element 112 with quite little decay transmission, and contain the second carrier frequency f with the first antenna feed element, 104,14 coefficient first electromagnetic waves 2---be different from the first carrier frequency f 1---and with the second antenna feed element, 106,14 coefficient second electromagnetic waves with quite little decay by selectivity element 112 reflection.
Frequency-selective surfaces 114 can be constructed by the periodic structure that forms transport element, as by being etched in backing material such as the DUROID that contains low relative dielectric constant TMOr TEFLON TMOn conductive foil realize.For example, with reference to Figure 13, frequency-selective surfaces 114 is formed by the field that is called cross (Jerusalem Cross) 116, it provides reflectivity shown in Figure 14 and 15 and transmission characteristics respectively, wherein, frequency-selective surfaces 114 is arranged by size, so that basic transmission contains the first carrier frequency f of relevant 77GHz 1First electromagnetic wave, and fundamental reflection contains the first carrier frequency f of relevant 24GHz 1Second electromagnetic wave.In Figure 14 and 15, " O " represents vertical and parallel polarization respectively with " P ".The slit 120 of each cross 116 by being etched in this place separates with on every side conductive surface 118, and wherein slit 120 has relevant groove width ws.Each cross 116 comprises four legs 122 with the long L of leg and the wide wm of leg, and leg 122 goes out and forms cross from central authorities square center (hub).Contiguous cross 116 is separated from each other by associated groove 120 and conductive gap G, has the periodic structure of cycle DX so that upwards form two related sides of cross 116.Exemplary embodiment among Figure 13 has the logical frequency (pass frequency) of 77GHz, and characteristics are as follows: groove width ws=80 micron, the wide wm=200 micron of leg, clearance G=150 micron, the long L=500 micron of leg, cycle DX=1510 micron (in two vertical direction), DX=wm+2 (L+ws)+G here.Usually frequency-selective surfaces 114 comprises and is positioned at dielectric substrate as being positioned at the periodic structure of the conducting element on the plane substantially.Conducting element needn't be positioned on the substrate.For example, frequency-selective surfaces 114 can be made of the electric conducting material with periodicity hole or appropriate size, shape and spaced apertures.Selectable, frequency-selective surfaces 114 can comprise the conductive layer on one or two inner surface of each the one 108 and the 2 110 part of electromagnetic lens 102.Although Figure 13 has illustrated the cross 116 as core (kernel) element of the associated period structure of frequency-selective surfaces 114, other shape that is used for core parts also is fine, for example circle, annulus, rectangle, square or effective cross, be incorporated in as described in this technical literature as a reference as following: " Antenna Design onPeriodic and Aperiodic Structures " by Zhifang li, John L.Volakis andPanos Y.Papalambros can obtain at internet address: Http:// ode.engin.umich.edu/papers/APS2000.pdfAnd " Plane WaveDiffraction by Two-Dimensional Gratings of Inductive and CapacitiveCoupling Elements " by Yu.N.Kazantsev, V.P.Mal ' tsev, E.S.Sokolovskaya, and A.D.Shatrov in " Journal of Radioelectronics " N.9,2000, can obtain at internet address: Http:// jre.cplire.ru/jre/sep00/4/text.html
Experiment shows, at a f 1With the 2nd f 2In the system that carrier frequency is selected from 24GHz and 77GHz, when by the frequency-selective surfaces 114 shown in Figure 13, the electromagnetic wave with 24GHz carrier frequency produces harmonic mode.Therefore, first carrier frequency f 1(electromagnetic wave of transmission) is greater than the second carrier frequency f 2(electromagnetic wave of reflection) advantageously reduced harmonic mode.But it is possible having wideer visual field in the electromagnetic wave than reflection in the electromagnetic wave of transmission.More specifically, for example from the beam pattern of the feed source of reflection only in scope approximately ± 20 ° performance well, this is limited in the visual field in general 40 ° of scopes.In some applications, as car radar, it is favourable having wideer visual field for low-frequency electromagnetic wave.Therefore, for the first carrier frequency f 1(electromagnetic wave of transmission) has more that low frequency (as 24GHz) is favourable, and this is easier realizes with Multilayer Frequency-Selective Surfaces 114.
Frequency-selective surfaces 114 can comprise individual layer also can comprise multilayer.The harmonic mode that Multilayer Frequency-Selective Surfaces 114 can provide control to be produced by the lower frequency radiation, thereby improved the transmission of lower frequency radiation by frequency-selective surfaces 114 is so that provide the wideer visual field of the coherent radiation figure that stretches out from electromagnetic lens 102.
At least one first antenna feed element 104,14 and at least one second antenna feed element 106,14 comprise each end-on-fire antenna element respectively, are applicable to launching electromagnetic wave on the direction of the one 108 and the 2 110 part of pointing at least one electromagnetic lens 102 substantially respectively.For example, each of each end-on-fire antenna element can be Yagi-Uda antenna, coplane horn antenna, Vivaldi antenna, taper dielectric rod, slot antenna, dipole antenna or helical antenna.
At least one first antenna feed element 104,14 have at least one first 124 of corresponding master gain, it passes the one 108 and the 2 110 part of electromagnetic lens 102, at least one second antenna feed element 106,14 have at least one second 126 of corresponding master gain, it passes the second portion 110 of electromagnetic lens 102 at least, and at least one second antenna feed element 106,14 and selection element 112 are adapted such that from least one reflection of second 126 of the master gain of selection element 112 and generally aim at at least one first 124 of master gain in the second portion 110 of electromagnetic lens 102.
With reference to figure 16a, according to the 7th embodiment, multi-beam antenna 128 has merged polarization selectivity element 130, and corresponding its of its reflectivity or transmissivity gone up the polarization of electromagnetic wave of colliding.More specifically, polarized substantially selection element 130 transmissions of one of two perpendicular polarizations, and another polarized substantially selection element 130 reflections in two perpendicular polarizations.For example, with the first antenna feed element 104,14 relevant first electromagnetic waves are at the y direction polarization---as by with respect to the second antenna feed element 106,14 rotations, the first antenna feed element 104,14, or by the associated antenna electricity supply element, it is with respect to relevant bottom substrate perpendicular polarization---so that basic transmission (promptly having quite little decay) hyperpolarization selection element 130; And second electromagnetic wave relevant with the second antenna feed element 106,14 is at the z direction polarization, so that 130 reflections of polarized substantially selection element.For example, polarization selectivity element 130 can be thought the reflector that polarizes, and wherein, the second antenna feed element 106,14 is applicable to have and the identical polarization of polarization reflector.For example, the polarization reflecting surface can be by making with the parallel metal lines of relevant appropriate intervals etching appropriate size on relatively low dielectric substrate.
With reference to Figure 17, the 8th embodiment according to the multi-beam antenna 132 that has merged polarization selectivity element 130, polarization rotating joint 134 is incorporated between the first antenna feed element 104,14 and the electromagnetic lens 102, so that the one 104 and the 2 106 antenna feed element 14 can be configured on the same substrate.Selectable, replace and merge polarization rotating joint 134 separately, the first 108 of electromagnetic lens 102 is applicable to the relevant polarization rotating joint that merges.
Should be appreciated that, polarization selectivity element 130 and the second relevant antenna feed element 106,14 or the polarization rotating joint 134 approaching with it, alternately be used for the first antenna feed element 104,14 of embodiment of Figure 16 a and 17 or the polarization rotating joint 134 approaching with it.The beam pattern of the polarization selectivity element 130 that produces is similar to the beam pattern of frequency-selective surfaces 114.
With reference to Figure 18, according to the 9th embodiment, multi-beam antenna 136 has merged a plurality of first antenna feed elements 104,14 and a plurality of second antenna feed element 106,14, so that provide the multi-beam of each antenna feed element to cover.A plurality of first antenna feed elements 104,14 have master gain relevant first in bobbin 138, and a plurality of second antenna feed element 106,14 have master gain relevant second in bobbin 140.
For example, be θ=45 ° by frequency-selective surfaces 114 being orientated center line direction with required propagation, and a plurality of second antenna-reflected element 106,14 is angle θ+Φ=90 °, relevant second electromagnetic wave can be propagated on required direction.By a plurality of first antenna feed elements 104,14 are oriented on the middle bobbin of required propagation, relevant first electromagnetic wave will be propagated selection element 112 along the required direction of propagation.Special angle θ is not a restriction.And polarization selectivity element 130 can be operated in the angular range of broad usually.
The a plurality of the 1 and the 2 106 antenna feed element 106,14 can aforesaidly constitute and are used for the embodiment shown in Fig. 1-5, wherein, the direction that is used at least one first end-on-fire antenna element is different from the direction of another first end-on-fire antenna element at least, and the direction of at least one second end-on-fire antenna element is different from the direction of another second end-on-fire antenna element at least.
For example, at least one first antenna feed element 104,14 comprises a plurality of first antenna feed elements 104 that are arranged in substantially on first plane, 14, and at least one second antenna feed element 106,14 comprises a plurality of second antenna feed elements 106,14 that are arranged in substantially on second plane.In one embodiment, first and second planes are parallel to each other at least, and can be at least basic coplane, so that all antenna feed elements 104,106,14 are installed on the same substrate.
At least one first antenna feed element 104,14 have corresponding master gain first in bobbin 138, it passes the one 108 and the 2 110 part of electromagnetic lens 102.At least one second antenna feed element 106,14 have corresponding master gain second in bobbin 140, it passes at least one second portion 110 of electromagnetic lens 102, and at least one second antenna feed element 106,14 and selection element 112 be adapted such that from the master gain of selection element 112 second in bobbin 140 reflection 142 generally with the second portion 110 of electromagnetic lens 102 in master gain first in bobbin 138 aim at.
With reference to Figure 19, according to the tenth embodiment, multi-beam antenna 144 is applicable to and improves performance, causes the first carrier frequency f of the 114 couples of 77GHz of frequency-selective surfaces shown in Figure 13 1With the second carrier frequency f at 24GHz 2Carry out the deviation angle of about 25 degree.
With reference to Figure 20, according to the 11 embodiment, multi-beam antenna 146 comprises and is orientated the frequency-selective surfaces vertical with direction shown in Figure 180 114, wherein, relevant a plurality of first antenna feed elements 104,14 with relevant a plurality of second antenna feed elements 106,14 each all perpendicular to all directions shown in Figure 180.More specifically, a plurality of first antenna feed elements 104,14 primary orientations are on the y-z plane, and a plurality of second antenna feed elements 106,14 primary orientations are on the x-y plane, so that a plurality of first antenna feed elements 104,14 and a plurality of second antenna feed element 106,14 all are basically perpendicular to the x-z plane.
Multi-beam antenna 100 can be used for sending or receiving electromagnetic wave.In the course of work, first electromagnetic wave sends or receives along the first 108 of first direction by electromagnetic lens 102, and second electromagnetic wave passes through second portion 110 transmissions of electromagnetic lens 102 or receives.Selection element 112 reflections the zone of the second electromagnetic major part between the one 108 and the 2 110 part of electromagnetic lens 102.Second portion 110 by electromagnetic lens 102 send or receive second electromagnetic wave and reflection from the second electromagnetic operation of the selection element 112 in the zone between the one 108 and the 2 110 part of electromagnetic lens 102 be adapted such that first and second electromagnetic waves all the close center line directions in the second portion 110 of electromagnetic lens 102 propagate, and selection element 112 transmissions, first electromagnetic wave and reflect second electromagnetic wave, corresponding to the difference in the carrier frequency or first and second polarization of electromagnetic wave difference.
Therefore, multi-beam antenna 100,128,132,136,144 or 146 provides and adopts same electromagnetic lens 102 to focus on simultaneously to comprise two different carrier frequencies f 1, f 2Electromagnetic wave, thereby different application is provided, and do not need associated orifices separately, thereby more compact overall package size be provided.Multi-beam antenna 100,128,132,136,144 or a special applications of 146 are car radar, the 24GHz radiation will be used for relative close range, wide visual field, anticollision uses and stops stop ﹠ go function and park auxiliaryly, and the 77GHz radiation will be used for the self-service Ruiss Controll of long scope and use.For shorter wavelength 77GHz radiation, adopt identical hole that higher gain and narrower wave beam bandwidth are provided, therefore allow the performance of long scope.On the other hand, the 24GHz radiation will embody wideer beamwidth and lower gain in proportion, be fit to wideer visual field, the application of shorter scope.
Though specific embodiment is elaborated in foregoing detailed description and description of drawings, those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize, can carry out various modification and replacements to details according to whole instruction of the present disclosure.Therefore, disclosed particular arrangement only means as exemplary, rather than limits the scope of the invention, and it provides at the whole width to claims and any equivalent thereof.

Claims (27)

1. multi-beam antenna comprises:
A. electromagnetic lens, wherein, described electromagnetic lens comprises first and second portion;
B. at least one first antenna feed element, wherein, described at least one first antenna feed element is applicable to the described first acting in conjunction with described electromagnetic lens;
C. at least one second antenna feed element, wherein, described at least one second antenna feed element is suitable for the described second portion acting in conjunction with described electromagnetic lens;
D. selection element, be positioned at described first and second parts of described electromagnetic lens, wherein, described selection element has transmissivity and reflectivity, described transmissivity and described reflectivity are corresponding to electromagnetic characteristics, the transmissivity of described selection element is adapted such that the basic transmission of first electromagnetic wave of first value with described electromagnetic characteristics crosses described selection element, so that in described first and second parts of described electromagnetic lens, propagate, the reflectivity of described selection element is adapted such that second electromagnetic wave of second value with described electromagnetic characteristics is reflected by described selection element substantially, described first electromagnetic wave and described at least one first antenna feed element acting in conjunction, and described second electromagnetic wave and described at least one second antenna feed element acting in conjunction.
2. multi-beam antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described electromagnetic lens is selected from spherical lens, Luneburg lens, spherical shell lens, hemisphere face lens, is the lens of sphere, is lens, cylindrical lens and the relay lens of spherical shell to small part to small part.
3. multi-beam antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described at least one first antenna feed element has at least one first of corresponding master gain, described at least one first described first and second parts of passing described electromagnetic lens of master gain, described at least one second antenna feed element has at least one second of corresponding master gain, described at least one second at least one described second portion that passes described electromagnetic lens of master gain, and described at least one second antenna feed element and described selection element are adapted such that from described at least one reflection of second of the master gain of described selection element and generally aim at described at least one first of master gain in the described second portion of described electromagnetic lens.
4. multi-beam antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described at least one first antenna feed element have corresponding master gain first in bobbin, master gain described first in bobbin pass described first and second two parts of described electromagnetic lens, described at least one second antenna feed element have corresponding master gain second in bobbin, master gain described second in bobbin pass at least one described second portion of described electromagnetic lens, described at least one second antenna feed element and described selection element be adapted such that from the master gain of described selection element described second in bobbin generally with the described second portion of described electromagnetic lens in master gain described first in bobbin aim at.
5. multi-beam antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein, at least one first antenna feed element comprises the first end-on-fire antenna element, be applicable to direction launching electromagnetic wave with the described first of described at least one electromagnetic lens of basic sensing, the described direction that is used at least one described first end-on-fire antenna element is different from the described direction of another described first end-on-fire antenna element at least, at least one second antenna feed element comprises the second end-on-fire antenna element, be applicable to direction launching electromagnetic wave, and the described direction that is used at least one described second end-on-fire antenna element is different from the described direction of another described second end-on-fire antenna element at least with the described second portion of described at least one electromagnetic lens of basic sensing.
6. multi-beam antenna as claimed in claim 5, wherein, the described first and second end-on-fire antenna elements are selected from Yagi-Uda antenna, coplane horn antenna, Vivaldi antenna, taper dielectric rod, slot antenna, dipole antenna and helical antenna.
7. multi-beam antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described at least one first antenna feed element comprises a plurality of first antenna feed elements that are arranged in substantially on first plane, and described at least one second antenna feed element comprises a plurality of first antenna feed elements that are arranged in substantially on second plane.
8. multi-beam antenna as claimed in claim 7, wherein, described first and second planes are parallel to each other at least substantially.
9. multi-beam antenna as claimed in claim 8, wherein, the basic at least coplane in described first and second planes.
10. multi-beam antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described selection element is positioned on the 3rd plane substantially.
11. multi-beam antenna as claimed in claim 7, wherein, each all is basically perpendicular to Siping City's face described first plane, described second plane and described selection element.
12. multi-beam antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described electromagnetic characteristics comprises frequency.
13. multi-beam antenna as claimed in claim 12, wherein, described first electromagnetic wave comprises the first carrier frequency, and described second electromagnetic wave comprises second carrier frequency, and described second carrier frequency is different from described first carrier frequency.
14. multi-beam antenna as claimed in claim 12, wherein, described selection element comprises a plurality of core parts, each described core parts comprises the hole on electric conductor or the electric conductor, and each described core parts has the cross of being selected from, circle, annular, rectangle, square and effective criss-cross shape.
15. multi-beam antenna as claimed in claim 12, wherein, described selection element comprises a plurality of layers of partially conductive at least, and it is applicable to the control harmonic mode.
16. multi-beam antenna as claimed in claim 12, wherein, described selection element comprises the periodic structure of conducting element.
17. multi-beam antenna as claimed in claim 16, wherein, the described periodic structure of conducting element is positioned on the dielectric substrate.
18. multi-beam antenna as claimed in claim 16, wherein, described conducting element has the cross of being selected from, circle, annular, rectangle, square and effective criss-cross shape.
19. multi-beam antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described electromagnetic characteristics comprises polarization.
20. multi-beam antenna as claimed in claim 19, wherein, described selection element comprises the polarization reflector.
21. multi-beam antenna as claimed in claim 20, wherein, described at least one first antenna feed element polarizes according to first kind of polarization, and described at least one second antenna feed element polarizes according to second kind of polarization, and described second kind of polarization is perpendicular to described first kind of polarization.
22. multi-beam antenna as claimed in claim 20 also comprises between described at least one first antenna feed element and the described selection element or the polarization rotating joint between described at least one second antenna feed element and described selection element.
23. multi-beam antenna as claimed in claim 22, wherein, described polarization rotating joint is between the described first of described at least one first antenna feed element and described electromagnetic lens or between the described second portion of described at least one second antenna feed element and described electromagnetic lens.
24. multi-beam antenna as claimed in claim 22, wherein, described polarization rotating joint is incorporated in the described first of described electromagnetic lens or in the described second portion of described electromagnetic lens.
25. one kind sends or receives electromagnetic method, comprising:
A. send or receive along first electromagnetic wave of first direction by the first of electromagnetic lens;
B. send or receive second electromagnetic wave by the second portion of described electromagnetic lens; And
C. launch the described second electromagnetic major part from the selection element in the zone between described first and second parts of described electromagnetic lens, wherein, send or receive second electromagnetic wave of the second portion by described electromagnetic lens and reflection and be adapted such that from the described second electromagnetic operation of the described selection element in the described zone between described first and second parts of described electromagnetic lens described first and second electromagnetic waves propagate along identical center line direction in the described second portion of described electromagnetic lens.
26. transmission as claimed in claim 25 or receive electromagnetic method, wherein, the described first electromagnetic carrier frequency is different from the described second electromagnetic carrier frequency, and reflects the described second electromagnetic operation corresponding to the described second electromagnetic carrier frequency.
27. transmission as claimed in claim 25 or receive electromagnetic method, wherein, described first polarization of electromagnetic wave is different from described second polarization of electromagnetic wave, and reflects the described second electromagnetic operation corresponding to described second polarization of electromagnetic wave.
CNA038177196A 2002-07-23 2003-07-23 Multi-beam antenna Pending CN1672292A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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US10/202,242 US6606077B2 (en) 1999-11-18 2002-07-23 Multi-beam antenna

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