CN1664342A - Engine electric control EGR system for vehicle - Google Patents
Engine electric control EGR system for vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN1664342A CN1664342A CN2005100244609A CN200510024460A CN1664342A CN 1664342 A CN1664342 A CN 1664342A CN 2005100244609 A CN2005100244609 A CN 2005100244609A CN 200510024460 A CN200510024460 A CN 200510024460A CN 1664342 A CN1664342 A CN 1664342A
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- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Abstract
The invention relates to an exhausted gas recycle system for automobile that includes signal collection sensor, electric controlling unit, electric controlled valve, exhausted gas intake pressure regulator, exhausted guiding pipe, and exhausted gas cooler. The electric controlling unit is made up of input section, processing section, output section, communicating section and error diagnosing section, and has the function of opening controlling, self-diagnosing and invalidation protection. The electric controlled valve has two driving methods that one is step motor and the other is ratio electromagnet. The valve body adopts bottom hatch or side hatch. The valve base and valve bar adopt two opening and closing methods that are extending mode and edge mode. Plane sealed, sphere sealed and conical surface sealed sealing mode are adopted in the valve base and the valve bar. The other main parameters are related in the invention.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the automatically controlled gas recirculation system of a kind of vehicular engine (EGR).
Background technique
EGR is the abbreviation of English Exhaust Gas Recirculation.EGR is by introducing the part exhaust in the outlet pipe gas handling system, mix with fresh charge, thereby the character that causes the air inlet charge changes, and then influences whole combustion process and discharging.It reduces NO by following three aspects
xFormation: 1. the thermal capacity that improves mixed gas.Triatomic molecule gases such as water vapor that contains in the waste gas and carbon dioxide, specific heat capacity is big, can reduce maximum combustion temperature in the cylinder effectively, suppresses NO
xGeneration.2. O in the reduction mixed gas
2Concentration.The diluting effect of waste gas can also make the relative concentration of oxygen descend, thereby also can reduce NO
xDischarging.3. reduction velocity of combustion.Owing to contain a large amount of nitrogen and carbon dioxide etc. near inert gasses in the waste gas,, combustion rate slowed down when these waste gas partial reflux have played the effect of diluting new charge after suction tude.
Working condition signals such as the engine speed that electronically controlled EGR records according to sensor, load, pressure, temperature, flow status are calculated by ECU (ECU (Electrical Control Unit)) and to meet at that time that the EGR of the best of operating mode leads, and control EGR final controlling element is operated accordingly.More accurate EGR control system also leads EGR carries out closed loop control, the EGR of reality is led feed back to ECU, for ECU the control signal of output is revised, and more approaches so that actual EGR leads with control target.The tool advantage of electric-controlled type in the egr system.
The hardware of automatically controlled egr system comprises sensor, signal processing module, ECU (Electrical Control Unit) (ECU), actuator's power driver module, driving mechanism (being installed on the EGR valve), EGR valve, drainage system (being used for supercharged engine) etc.Sensor comprises: speed probe, engine water temperature sensor, engine load sensor or accelerator open degree sensor, air inlet pressure sensor, solenoid valve Displacement Feedback sensor etc.
Patent documentation CN 1490513A (title: diesel exhaust recirculation cleaning system) provide a kind of diesel exhaust recirculation cleaning system that adopts linear electromagnetic valve recirculation volume.But this invention has just proposed technological scheme roughly, promptly to egr system hardware configuration and part hardware main be used as introduction, and to the determination of main parameters method of the valve in the EGR valve system exploitation, and the particular problem that occurs in the exploitation, as advance to arrange unfavourable balance and how to solve etc. and all not relate to, and, can not be used for petrol engine only at diesel engine.
The major parameter of valve comprises air inlet main flow hole, valve lift, and exhaust outlet holes etc. need be tried to achieve by different design considerations according to the type and the type parameter of concrete supporting motor.And existing EGR valve is invented all specific aims of undeclared its invention, does not also propose its generally adopted principle, and promptly the variation foundation of parameter in concrete different engine configurations, inappropriate situation can occur mating.
Summary of the invention:
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of vehicular engine gas recirculation system, propose the determination of main parameters method of the valve in the exploitation of EGR valve system, and the particular problem that occurs in the exploitation, with the solution the above-mentioned problems in the prior art,
Technological scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of vehicular engine gas recirculation system comprises signal acquiring system, electronic control unit (ECU), the electric control EGR valve, intake and exhaust pressure regulator, waste gas are drawn and ingress pipe, also can have gaseous effluent, it is characterized in that the signal acquiring system of this system is made up of sensor; ECU forms and comprises the input part, treated section, output, communication part and fault diagnosis part; The output executing mechanism of electric control EGR valve is stepping motor or proportion electro-magnet; The valve body of electric control EGR valve is taked the setting type of bottom opening or side opening; The valve seat of electric control EGR valve and valve rod are taked overhanging formula or interior keying direction cooperation along formula; The valve seat of electric control EGR valve and valve rod are taked the seal form of plane sealing, ball face sealing or conical surface seal; The type of determining to depend on motor of electric control EGR valve major parameter (air inlet main flow hole, valve lift, exhaust outlet hole).
The sensor of signal acquiring system comprises engine rotation speed sensor, closure (or throttle) position transducer, manifold absolute pressure sensor, intake air temperature sensor, air flow meter and cooling-water temperature transmitter.
The input part that electronic control unit (ECU) is formed comprises the feedback signal analog amount of throttle opening, accelerator open degree, intake pipe absolute pressure, air flow meter signal, engine cooling water temperature, EGR valve opening, the selection of EGR valve mode of operation, the selector switch amount of ECU mode of operation, the tach signal pulsed quantity of motor; The treated section comprises microprocessor, program and the data storage of 8 single-chip microcomputers; Output comprises control ratio electromagnet or stepper motor driven EGR valve after pulsewidth modulation, the power drive; Communication part is the CAN network that Electronic control unit, sensor units and actuator unit couple together; Fault diagnosis partly is the function module of diagnosis electronic control unit itself and each sensor, actuator's self diagnosis.
The electric control EGR valve is stepper motor driven or the EGR valve of proportion electro-magnet driving, and the EGR valve that proportion electro-magnet drives can be with displacement transducer.
The valve body of electric control EGR valve is taked the setting type of bottom opening or side opening, depends on required arrangement space of EGR valve and engine type, and valve adopts bottom opening during petrol engine, and when big discharge capacity petrol engine, diesel engine, valve adopts side opening.
The major parameter of electric control EGR valve valve comprises air inlet main flow hole, valve lift, exhaust outlet hole, the determining dimensions in air inlet main flow hole depends on EGR flow and intake and exhaust pressure reduction, the height of decision valve body, and directly influence the size in pressure stabilizing cavity and exhaust outlet hole, the exhaust outlet hole is according to engine model, and air inlet aperture and pressure reduction determine.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is an engine EGR electronic control system structural representation of the present invention;
The EGR valve arrangement figure of Fig. 2 for not driving with the proportion electro-magnet of displacement transducer;
Fig. 3 is the EGR valve arrangement figure of the proportion electro-magnet driving of band displacement transducer;
Fig. 4 is the displacement transducer schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is stepper motor driven EGR valve arrangement figure;
Fig. 6 is the opening form schematic representation of valve;
Fig. 7 is the keying direction schematic representation of the relative valve seat of valve rod;
Fig. 8 is valve rod and valve base sealing form schematic representation.
Embodiment
One. signals collecting sensor, ECU
As shown in Figure 1, the input of engine EGR electronic control system comprises throttle position signal (or throttle position) among the present invention, suction pressure signal, intake air temperature signals, engine cold air water temperature signal, battery tension signal and EGR valve position feedback signal etc.Wherein the load of motor is determined by throttle position signal (or throttle position) and suction pressure signal, the little motor of discharge capacity can usage ratio electromagnet EGR valve, and the aperture to EGR is carried out feedback control, and the motor that discharge capacity is bigger can use stepper motor EGR valve to control.According to the type that is mated, system is to engine water temperature, and signals such as intake temperature and battery tension are revised.
The input part of EGR electronic control system, promptly various sensors are respectively:
1) engine rotation speed sensor.In the electronic control system of EGR, rotating speed is a major control variable, and control system calculates the best aperture of EGR valve according to rotating speed and load signal.Two kinds of common in engine application speed probes are hall-effect speed sensor and magnetoelectric tachometric transducer.
2) throttle position (throttle position) sensor.This sensor is used for providing the closure corner information to ECU.According to this information, ECU can obtain engine load information, work information (as starting, idling, towing astern, sub load, full load) and acceleration and deceleration.This sensor has the angle transducer of line style output, is made up of wiping resistance and two wiping arms of two circular arcs.The rotating shaft of wiping arm and throttle plate pin are connected on the same axis.
3) manifold absolute pressure sensor.This pressure transducer communicates with intake manifold by an air passageways, is used to monitor the pressure in the intake manifold, and being used for speed-density method provides motor indirect information on load to ECU.This sensor can be made an element that is installed on the ECU, perhaps makes one and is installed on the intake manifold or installation sensor in its vicinity, with flexible pipe sensor is connected with intake manifold.
4) intake air temperature sensor.Intake air temperature sensor is used to provide intake temperature that each Control Parameter is revised.
5) air flow meter.Except indirect load measuring above-mentioned, also there is direct engine load method of measurement, the only concise and to the point principle of introducing hot-wire and hot film type air flowmeter here.
Hot line and hot diaphragm type Mass Air Flow sensor all design according to heat transfer principle.Hot diaphragm type Mass Air Flow sensor is to grow up on the basis of hot-wire Mass Air Flow sensor.Hot wire sensor, its sensor are the metallic resistance silks of a superfine high-temperature coefficient.Air stream is out-of-date, take away heat from hot line, the thermal equilibrium of hot line depends on three factors, it is air-flow, electric current and hot line temperature are because the resistance of hot line determines by temperature, so permanent resistance requires the hot line stationary temperature, and under the certain situation of air temperature, if then hot line and air stationary temperature difference have determined flow to the hot line stationary temperature.The working principle of hot diaphragm type is identical with hot-wire.By taking certain signal processing circuit mass sensor output to become the air mass flow and the voltage curve of certain relation with quality, input MCU (microprogram control unit) is as the information on load of motor.
6) cooling-water temperature transmitter.This sensor is used to provide coolant temperature information.The principle of its principle and intake air temperature sensor is identical.This sensor internal contains a negative temperature sensor thermistor, and its resistance rises along with coolant temperature and reduces, but is not linear relationship.The thermistor of negative temperature coefficient is installed in a copper thermal conducting sleeve the inside.The cooling liquid sensor is installed on the cylinder, and copper thermal conducting sleeve will be inserted in the cooling liquid.Utilize sleeve the cooling liquid sensor can be screwed in the tapped hole on the cylinder block.Thermistor is as the part of divider resistance, and end temperature information transforms and claims voltage signal input MCU.
The major function of electronic control unit (ECU) comprises following several aspect.
1.EGR valve opening control.Electronic control unit is according to the concrete operating mode of motor operation, according to the control strategy of being formulated, it is the corresponding program of control unit storage inside, according to engine speed, engine load information leads from the EGR that has demarcated and reads corresponding EGR valve opening the arteries and veins spectrogram, at corrected parameter, finish the control of EGR valve opening at last in conjunction with other.This is the most basic function of the ECU of EGR.
2. self-diagnostic function.When the electronic control unit of control system is found engine rotation speed sensor, when the EGR valve actuating mechanism breaks down, fault indicating lamp can be set on fascia, and the position that fault and fault were taken place to exist in the information driver system that shows failure code; And electronic control unit provides special diagnose interface, is used for carrying out communication with failure diagnostic apparatus, read failure information.When electronic control unit detects when in the system fault being arranged, fault message can be stored in the internal memory, and these information still can not disappear behind engine misses.Therefore, after fixing a breakdown, to use special failure code clear program, it could be erased from internal memory.
3. fail safe.When electronic control system breaks down, electronic control unit can adopt standby signal to continue the operation of control motor automatically, makes before fault is got rid of, and starts function to continue operation, drives to repair shop, carries out fault and gets rid of and repair assignment.
The ECU of EGR is made up of microprocessor and some interface circuits, and the microprocessor of using in the Vehicle Electronic Control field has reached 16 even 32 at present, and major part has the CAN EBI, and convenient and other controller of automobile carries out communication.The EGR electronic control of Ying Yonging has been integrated on the control unit of engine in the market, the present invention mainly finishes the research to the control strategy of EGR valve, so developed the ECU of an EGR special use separately, used 8 PIC microprocessor, can expand the CAN EBI.The EGR electronic control unit is divided into 5 parts, i.e. input part, and the treated section, output, communication part and fault diagnosis part are illustrated respectively below:
1. input part.The input part of electronic control unit comprises analog amount, pulsed quantity and switching value.These 3 kinds of information transmission have comprised the form of various signals substantially.Certain 3 kinds of signals also need could carry out information processing by input microprocessor through suitable processing generally speaking.
Analog amount generally comprises (can select the combination of unlike signal at diesel engine or petrol engine) in the EGR electronic control system: throttle opening, accelerator open degree, intake pipe absolute pressure, air flow meter signal, engine cooling water temperature, the feedback signal of EGR valve opening.These signals become microprocessor acceptable digital signal after transforming through A/D, handle then.Some processor itself has the A/D conversion function, otherwise the A/D modular converter need be set.The main effect of interface circuit is that analog signals is carried out filtering and voltage transformation to adapt to the needs of subsequent conditioning circuit.
Switching value mainly comprises in this EGR electronic control system: the selector button switch of EGR valve mode of operation, the selector button switch of the ECU mode of operation of EGR, the voltage change function is generally finished in the interface section of these signals, makes the magnitude of voltage of switching signal meet the level logic requirement of microprocessor.
Pulse signal comprises the tach signal of motor in the EGR electronic control system, this is because of being to adopt magnetoelectric sensor and hall sensor to gather under the most of situation of engine rotational speed signal, the output of these sensors is pulse signals that frequency is directly proportional with rotating speed, these signals could be accepted by microprocessor after also must handling through shaping, and this function is finished by interface circuit.
2. treated section.The information processing part of electronic control unit is mainly finished by microprocessor, and it is the control centre of the ECU of EGR.The performance of microprocessor is one of principal element that embodies the electronic control unit controls performance.Behind the large-scale application microprocessor, its processing rate and performance increase with geometrical progression since the eighties in 20th century, and many vehicle electronic control units use 32-bit microprocessors, and in view of the particularity of the ECU of this EGR, the present invention adopts 8 single-chip microcomputers.Program and data storage also belong to the treated section.Obviously, the expansion of the raising of microprocessor performance and control scale all requires the capacity of program and data storage also must increase, initial storage capacity has only a few k bytes, and at present all at 100k even to several M bytes, this also reflects the control scale, the raising of control accuracy and complexity.
3.EGR control strategy
For petrol engine,, determine that egr system is as follows at the control strategy of each operating mode of motor through taking all factors into consideration:
A. cold starting and pre-thermal condition
During cold starting, the rotating speed and the temperature of petrol engine are lower, and speed air flow is also low, causes gasoline atomizing poor, and mixed gas quality is not good, and fuel oil wall stream is serious, each cylinder mixed gas maldistribution; At low temperatures, the saturated vapour pressure of gasoline descends, and is difficult to form the inflammable mixture that reaches the boundary of catching fire.For smooth starting, must provide dense mixed gas to petrol engine; Same reason in the preheating warming-up process, also needs dense mixed gas, and just the process of enriching must reduce in warm gradually.Therefore, when cold starting and pre-thermal condition, NO
xConcentration is all very low, influences combustion stability for preventing EGR, when cooling water is lower than a certain value, does not generally carry out EGR.
B. idling and running on the lower load
The characteristics of petrol engine idle running are that rotating speed is low, and throttle opening is little, and fuel delivery is few, but mixture strength is higher, and residual gas is more relatively in the atomization badness, cylinder, and the influence of exhaust gas dilution is very big, and each cylinder nonuniformity is serious.This situation causes burning slowly, incomplete combustion, even the intermittent ignition phenomenon appears.Therefore add oxygen supply deficiency, NO in view of cylinder temperature is not high
xEffluent concentration is low, should not carry out EGR.
C. moderate duty operating mode
During moderate duty, closure has enough apertures, and the influence of residual gas dilution can be ignored in the cylinder, and mixed gas is economic mixed gas in the cylinder, i.e. weak mixture is to obtain best specific fuel consumption.This moment, cylinder temperature raise with the rising of load, and adding has enough oxygen again in the weak mixture, cause NO
xEffluent concentration also raises.So leading also, EGR should increase, until maximum permissible limit with the increase of load.
D. high load, high speed or throttle wide operating mode
During high loaded process, throttle opening surpasses 75%, and this is that rich mixture is supplied with in requirement, with the power that guarantees that output is maximum.Because this moment, mixed gas thickened NO
xConcentration descends, and in order to guarantee petrol engine good power character is arranged, and does not generally carry out EGR.
E. accelerating mode
When automobile quickened, closure was opened suddenly, and the response of gas generally will be faster than the response of oil, so can be weak mixture in the short time in the cylinder, but oil supplying device can increase fuel delivery immediately, and rich mixture is provided, with the power that guarantees that petrol engine is necessary when quickening.Because combustion temperature improves, NO
xGrowing amount increases, thereby when quickening, for obtaining purifying effect necessary in the accelerating process, EGR should work in transient process, but in a single day quickens to finish, and should stop EGR, to guarantee the power performance of petrol engine.
F. decelerating mode
In like manner, during car deceleration, throttle opening reduces suddenly, produces bigger degree of vacuum in the suction tude, and the fuel evaporation on the wall quickens, and can form rich mixture at short notice in the cylinder, when therefore slowing down, and NO
xConcentration is lower, should not carry out EGR.
For diesel engine, the fundamental guiding ideology of control strategy is consistent with petrol engine, i.e. NO under each operating mode
xEmission performance set out, take all factors into consideration power character, the Economy requirement of motor, determine whether carrying out the size that EGR and the rough EGR of determining lead.But because diesel engine has the work characteristics that oneself is different from petrol engine, so can not indiscriminately imitate the control strategy of petrol engine fully, the control strategy of diesel engine is as follows:
A. cold starting and pre-thermal condition
Main consideration temperature factor is because this moment, engine temperature was very low, though have oxygen excess, NO
xGrowing amount still seldom, so do not carry out EGR.
B. idling and running on the lower load
Different with petrol engine, this moment diesel combustion be still weak mixture, oxygen content is still superfluous greatly in the cylinder, for example under the idling, this moment, air fuel ratio was about 100: 1, added that temperature cylinder progressively improves, NO
xDischarging also increase, therefore at this moment diesel engine allows EGR, and the EGR amount can also suitably strengthen, its value is subject to combustion stability and may causes the sharp increase of other effulents.
C. moderate duty operating mode
Similar with petrol engine, diesel engine this moment should carry out EGR, and because the excess air coefficient of diesel engine be greatly more than petrol engine, so lead should be than petrol engine height for its EGR.
D. high load, high speed or throttle wide operating mode
Be based on power character equally and consider, diesel engine should reduce EGR and lead or stop to carry out EGR.
E. accelerating mode
Different with petrol engine, when automobile quickened, general diesel engine is the response of the response of oil faster than gas, and was particularly all the more so concerning turbocharged diesel engine.So can have denseer mixed gas in the transient working condition, should not carry out EGR this moment.
F. decelerating mode
In like manner, when diesel car slowed down, lean out, engine temperature were still higher, so should carry out EGR.
The EGR influence that operation brings to motor is complicated.In general, increase EGR leads and can make NO
xDischarging reduces, but HC effluent, PM effulent and fuel consume are increased, therefore, to lead must be that these can be realized by technical support system of the present invention to the taking all factors into consideration of power character, Economy and emission performance to the EGR that adopts under various operating modes.
4. output.The output of control unit mainly is to be used for the EGR valve or the stepper motor driven EGR valve of control ratio solenoid-driven.Output signal is the signal of pulsewidth modulation, is used for control ratio solenoid valve and stepper motor.These signals of microprocessor output must just can be used for controlling controlled device through power drive.The power drive part mainly adopts integrated power model in the control unit, can improve the reliability and the anti-interference of system like this.
5. communication part.Because the large-scale application of electronic technology on automobile greatly reduced manufacture cost, improved technology content, simultaneously,, reduce toxic emission to improving vehicle dynamic quality, minimizing oil consumption etc. has all been played most importantly and has been acted on.The present invention adopts the CAN network.The CAN network satisfies the Electronic control unit (ECU) of CAN communication protocol by a bus with all, sensor units, actuator unit couples together, can provide point-to-point and the broadcast type communication modes, well solve data sharing and data transfer problem between interior numerous measurement and control instruments of automobile and the unit.In the Automobile Design field, no matter be load-carrying vehicle at present, motor bus, or sedan car, CAN become a kind of technology that must adopt basically.The automaker of the U.S. progressively carries out the transition to the CAN bus with the network of controller, and the CAN bus has become the main flow bus of Auto Electronic Controlled System.For the controller with other carries out communication, the ECU of this EGR has also adopted the CAN communication module.
6. fault diagnosis part.Fault diagnosis partly is to be used for to electronic control unit itself and each sensor, actuator carries out the function module of self diagnosis, utilize fault diagnosis can understand the working state of egr system, help regular maintenance and maintenance, also given full play to the effect of electronic control unit.Along with the complexity day by day of electronic control unit and peripheral system, fault diagnosis functions have been not only a miscellaneous function, and become one of major function of electronic control unit gradually.Failure diagnosis information is generally all observed some standards with outside failure diagnostic apparatus, and these standards become international standard a bit, so the fault diagnosis functions Module Design closely links to each other with the design of corresponding failure diagnostic apparatus.
Two. the electric control EGR valve
The output executing mechanism of EGR electronic control unit is the electric control EGR valve, and electric control EGR valve of the present invention is divided into three kinds: a) the EGR valve of stepping motor driving; B) the EGR valve that does not drive with the proportion electro-magnet of displacement transducer; C) the EGR valve of the proportion electro-magnet driving of band displacement transducer.
What do not adopt with the proportion electro-magnet EGR valve of displacement transducer as shown in Figure 2, is the control of open loop.Under the situation that guarantees certain control accuracy, can reduce cost.
Proportion electro-magnet EGR valve is applied to the less small displacement engine of EGR flow usually, and (for example: petrol engine), it is controlled by the voltage of pulsewidth modulation.As shown in Figure 3, the structure of the proportion electro-magnet EGR valve of band displacement transducer comprises valve seat (3-1), valve rod (3-2), valve body (3-3), armature (3-4), coil (3-5), displacement transducer (3-6) etc.ECU is to the voltage of the coil input pulsewidth modulation of proportion electro-magnet, and coil produces magnetic force then and inhales moving armature, thereby opens the EGR valve, and waste gas is by EGR flow direction valve suction tude.The flow of EGR valve (aperture) feeds back to ECU by displacement transducer.Because the heating of proportion electro-magnet causes the electric current in the coil to change, make the aperture of EGR valve change, so should utilize the feedback signal of displacement transducer that the EGR valve is carried out closed loop control, improve control accuracy.
The control step of the proportion electro-magnet EGR valve of band displacement transducer: the ECU of EGR is according to the rotating speed of motor, load, coolant water temperature and MAT, atmospheric pressure, throttle position sensor, the input signal of throttle shift sensor (selecting the some of them sensor according to dissimilar motors) is adjusted the position of armature; The pulse-modulated signal voltage that the ECU of EGR produces drives electromagnetic coil, makes the instruction of the ECU of armature response EGR move to needed position; Electromagnetic coil produces electromagnetic force to armature, and Open valve makes waste gas enter intake manifold; Valve open and make displacement transducer motion, the resistance variations of displacement transducer, the dividing potential drop effect of this resistance make displacement transducer output and the proportional voltage signal of valve opening, ECU carries out closed loop control and diagnosis according to this voltage feedback signal.
As shown in Figure 4, displacement transducer is a potentiometer, and its function is as follows: for electromagnetic coil provides main equilibrant; The method of closed loop control can be done compensation for voltage functuation; For compensation is done in the influence of frictional force; Be armature and valve pressure fluctuation, manufacturing tolerances is done compensation; For egr system provides diagnosis capability.
As shown in Figure 5, stepper motor driven EGR valve comprises stepper motor (5-4), valve body (5-3), valve seat (5-1), valve rod compositions such as (5-2).Wherein stepper motor is the straight-line displacement formula.ECU is to stepper motor input step-by-step impulse voltage, and the stepper motor coil produces to rotatablely move and finally converts the straight-line displacement of axial direction by turbine and worm mechanism to.Stepper motor driven EGR valve body is identical with the mechanism of the EGR valve body that proportion electro-magnet drives.Can pulse encoder be installed as required or displacement transducer carries out feedback control.
As shown in Figure 6, the design of valve openings form is depended on the installation position of electric control EGR valve on motor mainly according to required arrangement space of EGR valve and engine type, generally has the end to open and side open form formula.Inlet hole (6-1-1), pressure stabilizing cavity (6-1-2), exhaust port (6-1-3) in the end open form formula; Inlet hole (6-2-1), pressure stabilizing cavity (6-2-2), exhaust port (6-2-3) in the side open form formula.Its design considerations is:
1. by engine type valve design door opening form.The fluctuation of petrol engine exhaust pressure is big, and required pressure stabilizing cavity is big, and the therefore general bottom opening that adopts has only when the petrol engine discharge capacity is big and just need use side opening.The diesel exhaust gas pressure surge is little, and required pressure stabilizing cavity is little, tends to side opening.
2. by arrangement space valve design door opening form.Concerning small-bore valve, adopt the difference of bottom opening and side opening little, Ci Shi spatial requirement is all very little after all.But the employing bottom opening can increase the length of valve greatly bigbore the time, and is unfavorable to the layout on motor, so generally adopt the side opening profile compacter.The pressure stabilizing cavity voltage regulation result is good when opening at the end, and valve seat upper surface and valve body pressure stabilizing cavity lower surface can be at same positions.When side was opened, the valve seat upper surface generally will exceed valve body pressure stabilizing cavity lower surface 3～5mm, so that the gas of going out from exhaust port can pass through certain voltage stabilizing and deceleration.If it is very little that inlet and outlet pressure changes, can there be height difference yet.
The waste gas of recirculation does not cool off (promptly adopting hot EGR) as if having before entering valve, then characteristics such as the high temperature of choosing necessary consideration engine exhaust of valve material, corrosion.Valve body is selected the middle carbon cast steel of high temperature resistant elements such as adding nickel, chromium for use, has certain toughness and plasticity, and intensity is higher, and machinability and castability are better.Valve rod is selected high temperature resistant stainless steel, for example 1Cr18Ni9Ti.Valve seat is selected heat-resistingly, does not embroider, and the line rate that expands is identical or be slightly larger than the metal of valve body, and thermal conductance is big as far as possible, for example 2Cr13,5Cr21Mn9Ni4N etc.
Be simplified structure, we are considered as one to valve rod and flap, are referred to as valve rod.The cooperation of valve seat and valve rod comprises: open and close direction and seal form.
Open and close direction as shown in Figure 7, opening and closing direction has overhanging formula (7-1) and interior along two kinds of formulas (7-2), and the keying direction of the relative valve seat of valve rod is also relevant with the mounting point of EGR, and overhanging formula is easy to process, and Nei Yanshi is not influenced by the mounting point.Its characteristics are as follows:
A. overhanging formula: valve rod is to valve body external movement Open valve.The air pressure stabilization function is good in the pressure stabilizing cavity, the flow losses of export pipeline are little, the pipeline noise is little, guarantee the centering and the seal request of valve seat and valve rod easily, and be difficult for carbon distribution, but flap load is big (acting surface is big), and the valve impulsive load is bigger, and the overhanging overall length space that has increased valve.
B. interior along formula: valve rod is to valve inner motion Open valve.With respect to overhanging formula, the interior air agitation of pressure stabilizing cavity is big, and voltage regulation result is poor, and the pipeline noise is big, and easy carbon distribution, be difficult for ensureing the centering and the seal request of valve seat and valve rod, but the valve impulsive load is little, and can reduces the general arrangement space of valve.Decompose owing to carrying out self chemical reaction after 300 ℃ of the carbon distributions, and about 400 ℃ of the normal temperature in chamber is very big along the advantage of formula in therefore adopting.
Seal form as shown in Figure 8, during valve closing, valve rod and valve seat need the sealing.Its sealing means has plane sealing (8-1), ball face sealing (8-2) and conical surface seal (8-3).Plane sealing requires high to seal ring, the part that needs increases, the having relatively high expectations of pretightening force; The ball face sealing operability is good, and is less demanding to neutrality, but makes difficulty; The conical surface seal part is few, and pretightening force requires few, and centering is functional, and is easily manufactured, the flow control accuracy height, so the EGR valve selects for use in similar and the motor conical surface seal of valve and valve seat very general.
Valve rod and valve base sealing form that the present invention adopts are to select according to the type and the heat load condition of concrete motor, and are complementary with employed material.
The use material of valve seat and valve rod meets firmly-the soft seal form, promptly selects the material of different hardness for use, can realize sealing under high sealing force by distortion between the two.But in the less EGR valve of sealing force, also can adopt hard-hard sealing, promptly valve seat and valve rod adopt the material of same hardness.
In the EGR valve, valve rod is done linear reciprocating motion, and the gap between the valve body guide rail can cause leaking the therefore necessary sealing of considering between valve rod and valve body guide rail.Petrol engine, naturally aspirated Diesel and supercharged diesel engine are because self characteristics seals also difference of the bad influence that causes.
In petrol engine and the naturally aspirated Diesel, the pressure of EGR valve outlet port is less than external atmosphere pressure, and valve rod leaks, and is that ambient air enters the EGR valve.Ambient air is to the seepage of EGR valve, and the EGR that has reduced under the equal situation leads, and too much dust also causes damage to EGR valve and motor.
In the supercharged diesel engine, the suction pressure height, the pressure of EGR valve outlet port and inner chamber will be higher than a barometric pressure, if therefore have gas channel between EGR valve and the external environment, high-temp waste gas and particulate matter just leak in the ambient air so, other component of engine compartment are caused have a strong impact on, also do not reach the purpose of recirculation control.
Because stem movement low speed, reciprocal, middle temperature are unlubricated, are the motive sealing of contact type.Can select following filler: rubber asbestos packing, metallic stuffing, Expanded graphite.
When adopting EGR, valve inner fluid medium temperature is very high, and the supercharged diesel function reaches 700 ℃, and the normal working temperature of the many parts on the valve therefore for guaranteeing the proper functioning of each part, must be taked heat insulation measures all below 200 ℃.The simplest method is directly to add thermal baffle on valve body, thermal-protective material choose and thickness can be tried to achieve according to relevant thermal conduction study knowledge.
The type of determining to depend on motor of electric control EGR valve major parameter (comprising air inlet main flow hole, valve lift, exhaust outlet hole) need be tried to achieve by gas flow calculating according to concrete supporting motor.
The deciding factor of main flow hole size is EGR flow and pressure reduction.In calculating, a lot of parameters all check and balance, and need be optimized design.
Calculating for petrol engine and naturally aspirated Diesel EGR flow can utilize formula:
Wherein, ρ
0Be mark condition air density (Kg/m
3); η
vBe charging efficiency; V
hBe discharge capacity (L); N is rotating speed (r/min); η
eFor EGR leads; M is the number of EGR valve; q
eBe EGR circular flow (Kg/h).Utilize the relevant formula of valve again:
Wherein, A
fBe frictional resistance area, m
2q
eBe flow, Kg/s; B is a coefficient; Δ P is a pressure reduction, bar; ρ is a fluid density, Kg/m
3A
nBe main flow hole section area, m
2
But for supercharged diesel engine, because the formula difference of EGR flow, above formula can not meet the demands, and can utilize formula:
Wherein, q
eBe flow, Kg/s; Ne is a rated power, and unit is KW; g
eBe effective rate of fuel consumption, unit is Kg/ (KWh); α is the burning excess air coefficient;
sBe coefficient of scavenging; η
eFor EGR leads; Δ P is an intake and exhaust pressure reduction, pa; P is an exhaust gas pressure, pa; T is an exhaust gas temperature, K; P
0Be mark condition pressure, 10
5Pa; T
0Be mark condition temperature, 273K; ρ
0Be mark condition air density 1.293Kg/m
3
As for valve lift, general desirable empirical value, 0.4 times of promptly getting the main flow hole.
Above formula is based on maximum in theory EGR and leads and consider, promptly petrol engine is that 25% EGR leads, and diesel engine is that 50% EGR leads, and if motor less than maximum value, then can be controlled by the open degree of EGR valve when different operating mode.
The influence factor of exit orifice size is engine model, main flow hole size and intake and exhaust pressure reduction.Exit orifice aperture inappropriate will cause the generation of bad phenomenon such as being jammed of particulate matter deposition, noise, impact, gas.
The exit orifice aperture is to determine with respect to the aperture in main flow hole, based on the condition that equates with the inlet flow, that is:
p
1A
1ν
1=p
2A
2ν
2=q
m=constant
In the formula, p
1, p
2For importing and exporting the density of fluid on the cross section, kg/m
3A
1, A
2(corresponding diameter is d for the sectional area of importing and exporting the cross section
1, d
2, unit is m); ν
1, ν
2For importing and exporting upper reaches, cross section speed of moving body, m/s; q
mBe mass flow rate kg/s.Suppose that the two sections velocity ratio is ψ, then by:
Owing to there is not particulate matter, do not have the generation of deposition in the waste gas of petrol engine.In order to reduce noise, reduce flow losses and raise the efficiency, needing increase the aperture under the condition of permission, make gas reduce flow velocity in the EGR return line.General ψ gets 0.5～0.7.
Concerning diesel engine, because the existence of particulate matter, flow velocity can not change too big, can cause the deposition of particulate matter like this, is 0.8～0.9 so generally choose velocity ratio.
Three. the intake and exhaust pressure regulator
Therefore EGR guides by intake and exhaust pressure reduction, must have that certain to advance row pressure poor, could guarantee that enough EGR lead.For supercharged diesel engine suction pressure height, the phenomenon of intake and exhaust pressure unfavourable balance can occur in some operating mode, so must take into account the adjusting of exhaust pressure reduction in the EGR design.
Can in the diesel engine intake pipeline, install closure additional, carry out the throttling step-down, increase the pressure difference of outlet pipe, also can install Venturi tube additional, solve row pressure unfavourable balance problem preferably suction tude.Also can in the EGR pipeline, arrange one-way valve.
Four. waste gas is drawn and ingress pipe
The diameter that waste gas is drawn with ingress pipe has determined the flow velocity of waste gas in pipeline.Circuit design among the present invention is the type according to motor, and the software for calculation by flow process is optimized designing and calculating.
Five. gaseous effluent
Emission performance according to engine model and motor can be selected.If select to adopt the waste gas type of cooling, then adopt special designs method and step to be optimized design.
Claims (6)
1. a vehicular engine gas recirculation system comprises signal acquiring system, electronic control unit (ECU), the electric control EGR valve, intake and exhaust pressure regulator, waste gas are drawn and ingress pipe, also can have gaseous effluent, it is characterized in that the signal acquiring system of this system is made up of sensor; ECU forms and comprises the input part, treated section, output, communication part and fault diagnosis part; The output executing mechanism of electric control EGR valve is stepping motor or proportion electro-magnet; The valve body of electric control EGR valve is taked the setting type of bottom opening or side opening; The valve seat of electric control EGR valve and valve rod are taked overhanging formula or interior keying direction cooperation along formula; The valve seat of electric control EGR valve and valve rod are taked the seal form of plane sealing, ball face sealing or conical surface seal; The type of determining to depend on motor of electric control EGR valve major parameter (air inlet main flow hole, valve lift, exhaust outlet hole).
2. the automatically controlled gas recirculation system of vehicular engine as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that the sensor of the signal acquiring system of said system comprises engine rotation speed sensor, closure (or throttle) position transducer, manifold absolute pressure sensor, intake air temperature sensor, air flow meter and cooling-water temperature transmitter.
3. the automatically controlled gas recirculation system of vehicular engine as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the input part that the electronic control unit of said system (ECU) is formed comprises the feedback signal analog amount of throttle opening, accelerator open degree, intake pipe absolute pressure, air flow meter signal, engine cooling water temperature, EGR valve opening, the selection of EGR valve mode of operation, the selector switch amount of ECU mode of operation, the tach signal pulsed quantity of motor; The treated section comprises microprocessor, program and the data storage of 8 single-chip microcomputers; Output comprises control ratio electromagnet or stepper motor driven EGR valve after pulsewidth modulation, the power drive; Communication part is the CAN network that Electronic control unit, sensor units and actuator unit couple together; Fault diagnosis partly is the function module of diagnosis electronic control unit itself and each sensor, actuator's self diagnosis.
4. the automatically controlled gas recirculation system of vehicular engine as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the electric control EGR valve of said system is stepper motor driven or the EGR valve of proportion electro-magnet driving, and the EGR valve that proportion electro-magnet drives can be with displacement transducer.
5. the automatically controlled gas recirculation system of vehicular engine as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the valve body of the electric control EGR valve of said system is taked the setting type of bottom opening or side opening, depends on required arrangement space of EGR valve and engine type, and valve adopts bottom opening during petrol engine; When big discharge capacity petrol engine, diesel engine, valve adopts side opening.
6. the automatically controlled gas recirculation system of vehicular engine as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the major parameter of the electric control EGR valve valve of said system comprises air inlet main flow hole, valve lift, exhaust outlet hole, the determining dimensions in air inlet main flow hole depends on EGR flow and intake and exhaust pressure reduction, the height of decision valve body, and directly influencing the size in pressure stabilizing cavity and exhaust outlet hole, the exhaust outlet hole is according to engine model, air inlet aperture and pressure reduction decision.
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| CN2005100244609A CN1664342A (en) | 2005-03-18 | 2005-03-18 | Engine electric control EGR system for vehicle |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN2005100244609A CN1664342A (en) | 2005-03-18 | 2005-03-18 | Engine electric control EGR system for vehicle |
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