CN1633622A - 显示器件 - Google Patents
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Abstract
基于层分裂或层位移的显示器件具有至少二种不同的状态,其中,一种流体(5)例如油在第一状态中邻接至少第一支持板(3),而在第二状态中,另一流体(6)至少部分地邻接第一支持板。在一个实施方案中,图象元件对应于一个基本上封闭的空间,且在第一状态中,另一流体基本上完全邻接二个支持板,并被分成二个子层。这使得有可能一方面利用较低的电压来使位移发生。另一方面,这开创了彩色显示器的机会。
Description
本发明涉及到一种包含图象元件的显示器件,它在第一支持板与第二支持板之间的空间内具有彼此不可互溶的至少一种第一流体和第二流体,流体之一是导电的或极化的,此器件包含用来产生至少二种不同状态的装置。
本发明还涉及到可转换的漫射器件。
如TFT-LCD那样的显示器件被用于膝上计算机和组织器(organizer)中,但在GSM电话中也有日益广阔的应用。例如,(聚合物)LED显示器件也被用来代替LCD。
除了迄今很完善的这些显示效应之外,还涉及到像适合于书面白色(paper white)应用的电泳显示那样的其它显示技术。
漫射器件可以被用于诸如摄影机的一些装置中。
根据本发明的显示器件至少具有二种不同的状态,其中,在第一状态下一种流体至少邻接第一支持板,且在第二状态下另一种流体至少部分地邻接第一支持板。
本发明基于本发明人发现的所谓层分裂(layer break up)原理,但另一方面可以利用层位移。本发明提供了利用这些原理的新方法。
若例如(第一)流体是(带颜色的)油,而第二(另一)流体是水,(由于界面张力)就提供了一种双层系统,它在油层顶部上包含水层。但若电压被施加在二个层之间,则油层由于静电力而分裂。由于部分水现在渗透油层,故图象元件变为部分地透明。
反差受到分裂之后剩余的(第一)流体((带颜色的)油)液滴所占据面积的份额的限制。典型地说,依赖于原来流体层的厚度,实现了25-50%的面积。借助于施加更高的电压,此剩余面积份额能够被进一步减小,但可能明显地增加耗散功率。理想地说,可能希望该流体(此时是光吸收的油)所占据的剩余面积接近0%。
另一限制是,在分裂时,面积份额被立刻减小到大约50%。因此,很难得到接近100%的面积份额。结果,模拟灰度的实现可能变得困难。
在第一实施方案中,图象元件对应于被规定的空间(例如一个基本上封闭的空间,且在第二状态中,另一流体基本上完全邻接第一支持板。根据本发明的另一种情况,借助于施加不均匀的电场而得到这种情况。在此情况下,用于层分裂(或位移)的阈值电场仅仅在某些特定地方被超过。在这些地方,将开始油膜分裂(或位移)。可以用几种方法来得到不均匀的外加电场。
为此目的,在本发明的第一优选实施方案中,使电极与部分第一支持板表面之间的介质层的厚度变化。
在另一实施方案中,电极与部分第一支持板表面之间的介质层具有变化的介电常数。
借助于增大电场,油膜分裂(或位移)的阈值在支持板的面积内位移,且能够被控制。这使得也可能实现各个灰度等级。
另一方面,借助于改变部分第一支持板的浸润性或第一流体层的厚度,能够控制油膜分裂(或位移)。
而且,也可能利用电极边沿处的杂散场分布,或甚至设计提供所希望的不均匀场分布的分段电极。
在根据本发明的另一实施方案中,图象元件对应于所规定的空间,且在第一状态中,另一流体层基本上完全邻接二个支持板。实际上,另一流体层(油层)现在被分成二个子层,可能各自更薄。这使得也可能一方面利用更低的电压使油膜发生分裂(或位移)。另一方面开创了彩色显示和实现更多灰度数值的机会。
为此目的,在本发明的优选实施方案中,图象元件对应于一个被规定的空间,它具有另一壁以将此空间分成至少二个子图象元件,在第一状态中,又一个流体层至少部分地在子图象元件内邻接第一支持板。借助子为所述(又)一个流体层提供不同的颜色,得到了彩色显示。
为了得到在分裂之后被又一种流体占据的剩余面积,在第二状态中,至少另一流体层和又一流体层之一邻接空间的壁。为了防止二个邻接壁的子层材料相互混合,此器件最好包含防止部分另一流体层与又一流体层在第二状态中相互混合的装置。
参照以下描述的实施方案,本发明的这些和其它的情况是显而易见的。
在附图中:
图1是根据本发明的部分显示器件的示意剖面图,
图2是根据本发明的部分显示器件的另一示意剖面图,
图3是根据本发明的部分显示器件的示意剖面图,
图4是根据本发明的部分彩色显示器件的示意剖面图,
图5、6、7示出了本发明的其它实施方案,而
图8示出了根据本发明的部分显示器件的另一示意剖面图
这些图是示意性的,未按比例绘制。相应的元件通常用相同的参考号来表示。
图1示出了根据本发明的部分显示器件1的示意剖面图。在二个透明衬底或支持板3与4之间,提供了彼此不可互溶的第一流体5和第二流体6。第一流体5例如是类烷属烃的十六碳烷,或如本实施例中那样是(硅酮)油。第二流体6是例如导电的或极性的水或盐溶液(例如KCl在水和乙醇混合物中的溶液)。在第一状态中,当不施加外加电压时(图1a),流体5和6邻接例如玻璃或塑料的第一和第二透明支持板3和4。例如氧化铟(锡)的透明电极7和本实施例中的非晶氟聚合物(AF1600)的中间疏水层8,被提供在第一支持板3上。
本发明人已经发现,当电压被施加时(电压源9),层5分裂成小滴珠(图1b中碎裂的膜)。当电能量增益大于由弯曲表面的产生所造成的表面能损失时,就发生分裂。一个非常重要的情况是观察到,利用电转换装置(电压源9)得到了连续膜与碎裂膜之间可逆转换。
此效应能够被用于电光效应,特别是若带色的油被用于显示效应时。利用光学活化的油,例如不透明的或反射性的油,获得了这种情况。在其它实施方案中,采用了具有光学活化的粒子的流体,即染料材料被溶解在油中。电光效应可以像例如LCD技术那样用后照光以可穿透的方式被利用,或用(漫射)反射器以反射的方式被利用。
滴珠的尺寸依赖于施加的电压,这在原理上提供了引入中间透射(或反射)状态(灰度等级)的可能性。但还发现,在分裂时,面积份额实际上立刻减小到大约50%。因此难以得到50%-100%之间的面积份额。结果,难以实现这一特殊范围内的任意模拟灰度。
另一方面,反差受到分裂之后得到的滴珠所占据的面积的份额的限制。在实际电压(考虑到用IC驱动器来驱动显示器)下观察到大约25%的最小面积份额。借助于施加更高的电压,能够进一步减小,但可能会明显地增大耗散功率,并可能无法使用低电压IC驱动器。
为此目的,在图2的实施方案中,中间疏水层8具有弯曲的形式,在中央处厚度最小,确保了图象元件2的中央处的电场最高。在此情况下,电场以径向方式变化(由于绝缘体厚度变化)。阈值电场将首先在绝缘体厚度最小的象素中央处被超过。在增大电场时,外加电场等于阈值电场处的位置将向外移动,因而使油向象素侧面移动。图3的示意图示出了圆形对称或具有矩形形状的象素的剖面图。在第一情况下,油以环状形状从象素中央单个点开始被向外推。对于矩形象素,可以设想绝缘体成形为圆柱片,致使油将沿一条线开始分裂,且油以窗帘的方式被推出。
借助于引入这种层8的弯曲形状,光吸收油层5被位移到象素内部与光学活化不再相关的位置,在此情况下是被位移到象素的侧面(或背面)。低于特定的阈值电场Rt,不发生分裂,而电场高于Rt,则油膜将分裂成滴珠。发现在绝缘体厚度的广阔范围(0.3-10微米)内,当电场强度约为每微米3V时,就发生分裂。
在另一实施例中,利用了电极边沿处的杂散电场分布,即利用了提供所希望的不均匀电场分布的特殊电极结构(分段的,多孔的)。
虽然在本实施例中已经考虑了油的分裂,但相似的讨论也适用于基于流体位移的器件。另一方面,不均匀的油层(由于例如体积不足、厚度变化、或接触角)可以引发油位移(或分裂)。
在油膜分裂的情况下,对于厚的油膜5,油膜的厚度与绝缘体8的厚度相比不再可忽略,且为了得到油膜分裂而需要更高的电压。因此,此原理被限制在使用薄的膜(直至大约300nm)。对于这种厚度的膜,难以具有足够的光吸收,这在开通与关断状态之间产生降低了的光反差。
在位移的情况下,利用了不均匀的电场分布,它有效地引起了跨越象素的变化的表面张力。现在,借助于将油移动到表面能最低的位置,整个系统的能量能够降低,且能够将油移出视线。对于较厚的油膜以及薄的油膜,此原理在比较低的电压下有效,这就减轻了对油膜光吸收性的要求。而且,此原理使得能够实现各种灰度数值。
图4示出了另一实施方案,它包含在流体(水)6的二侧的二个分立的油层5和5’。
借助于用不同于层8和8’的材料(例如类特氟龙的AF1600)的材料来制造象素壁13,或借助于用表面能足够高的材料14一起来提供这些壁13,致使:
γ水,S<γ油,水+γ油,S
(S表示固体势垒材料14),在势垒材料14上不形成油膜。这意味着无论在第一或第二状态中,上部油膜5’和下部油膜5决不彼此连接。借助于利用穿通连接装置(图4中的电极12)通过上部(或下部)AF1600层而连接水6,各个层现在能够被独立地转换。实际上,借助于用电极12将水6接地,并将电压施加到电极7或电极11,能够做到这一点。此器件还包含漫射的白色反射器15。图4中用箭头16示出了观察方向。
上述不等式成立的材料的一些例子是聚对二甲苯(parylene)、PMMA(聚甲基甲基丙烯酸酯)、以及玻璃。
借助于例如引入染料使层5和5’具有不同的颜色,实现了彩色显示。下面的各个实施例将说这一点。
实施例1-三色显示
在图5的实施方案中,利用不同的染料,油5具有不同的颜色,从而实现了彩色显示器。在此实施例中,利用了例如3种油,亦即红色层5R、绿色层5G、以及蓝色层5B,来获得图5所示构造的最高可能亮度。单个象素包含黑色吸收器16(背景)以及二个各具有结构与图4所示可比拟的子象素A和B。顶部上的油层5B在第一状态中覆盖各个子象素的一半。借助于局部修正层8’(AF1600)的表面能,能够获得这一点。另一流体(在此情况下是水)被假设处于固定电压,例如经由电极12处于地电压(0V)。
为了在此构造中得到红色象素,红色油层5R下方的电极17应该被接地(0V),而绿色油层5G下方的电极18以及蓝色油层5B上方的电极11应该借助于施加电压V而被激活。绿色层和蓝色层将分裂或移动到侧面,黑色吸收器16上方的子象素B从而变成透明。结果,由于子象素A看似红色且子象素B看似黑色,故整个象素将呈现红色。最大亮度被限制在50%。这一最大亮度相对于最大亮度被限制在33%的具有3个平行象素的构造来说,是一个明显的改进。
以相似的方式,能够得到最大亮度为50%的绿色象素和最大亮度为50%的蓝色象素。表1给出了施加到电极的电压与各个原色、黑色、以及白色的最大亮度的总结。
颜色 | 电极12的电压 | 电极17的电压 | 电极18的电压 | 电极11的电压 | 亮度(%) |
红色 | 0 | 0 | V | V | 50 |
绿色 | 0 | V | 0 | V | 50 |
蓝色 | 0 | V | V | 0 | 50 |
白色 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 变化 |
黑色 | 0 | V | V | V | 0 |
表1
借助于同时反射所有颜色层的光,得到了白色状态。但白色状态的颜色分布强烈地依赖于为蓝色层5B选择的尺寸。在上述实施例中,蓝色层占据了象素的一半。结果,绿色和红色对白色贡献25%,看似被畸变了。若蓝色层覆盖总面积的33%,则虽然33%的总反射率低,但白色状态的颜色分布将看似更好。然而,现在蓝色状态将达到33%而不是50%的最大亮度。
图5所示的构造被选择作为例子。也可以采用红色或绿色位于顶部的其它构造。实际上,借助于选择顶部上具有最高反射率的颜色,能够降低由各个颜色占据面积的不同尺寸和/或眼睛灵敏度的原因所引起的颜色畸变。
实施例2-三色加白色显示
利用白色的油,能够防止实施例1引起的白色状态中亮度的变化。例如借助于在油中散布散射粒子,能够得到白色的油。
图6所示的构造利用了这种白色油。以相似于实施例1的方式,借助于对电极17(油的红色层5R下方)、电极18(油的绿色层5G下方)、电极19(油的蓝色层5B上方)、以及电极20(油的白色层5W上方)提供电压,得到了不同的颜色。表2给出了结果。
颜色 | 电极12的电压 | 电极17的电压 | 电极18的电压 | 电极19的电压 | 电极20的电压 | 亮度(%) |
红色 | 0 | 0 | V | V | V | 50 |
绿色 | 0 | V | 0 | V | V | 50 |
蓝色 | 0 | V | V | 0 | V | 50 |
白色 | 0 | V | V | V | 0 | 50 |
黑色 | 0 | V | V | V | V | 0 |
表2
如在前述实施例中那样,若有需要,可以改变颜色顺序。而且,当黑色吸收器16被白色反射器代替且子象素B顶部处的油层是黑色的时,能够得到反射100%的高亮度白色状态。但在这种构造中,由于处于带色状态或白色状态中的子象素A的贡献而无法得到满意的黑色状态。但这降低了得到的反差。
实施例3-相减色显示
或者如图7所示,可以利用相减色。若在各个子象素内采用二个油层5,则能够得到每个子象素一个原色。若固定的相减色滤波器21被提供在顶部上,则得到显示性能的重要改善。图7所示的象素由3个子象素A、B、C组成。在各个子象素中,相减色的顺序改变,亦即,子象素A为M(深红色)、C(青色)、Y(黄色),子象素B为C(青色)、Y(黄色)、M(深红色),而子象素C为Y(黄色)、M(深红色)、C(青色)。
现在也可能在至少二个子象素中形成各个原色。例如在子象素A中,深红色滤色器部分21M吸收绿色,且(可转换的)黄色底部油层5Y吸收蓝色。若吸收红色的顶部音色油层5C被转换到透明状态,则红色光被白色背景层(反射器22)反射,子象素A从而将呈现红色。
以相似的方式,借助于将底部油层5C转换到透明状态,子象素C将呈现红色。对于子象素B,青色滤色器21C吸收红色,且若B中的油层5Y和5M都不被转换到透明状态,则子象素B呈现黑色。由于各个子象素足够小,故人类眼睛区分不了单个的响应,整个象素将呈现具有67%的最大亮度的红色。以相似的方式能够得到其它的颜色。表3给出了各种颜色和对应的电压状态的总结。
电极上的电压 | ||||||||
颜色 | 电极12 | 电极32 | 电极33 | 电极34 | 电极35 | 电极36 | 电极37 | 亮度(%) |
红色 | 0 | 0 | 0 | V | V | 0 | 0 | 67 |
绿色 | 0 | 0 | V | 0 | 0 | 0 | V | 67 |
蓝色 | 0 | V | 0 | 0 | 0 | V | 0 | 67 |
白色 | 0 | V | V | V | V | V | V | 67 |
黑色 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
表3
本发明的保护范围不局限于所述各个实施方案。例如,层6可以被选择为散射的(利用TiO2溶液)或反射的(利用适当颜料的溶液)。驱动电压也可以被电容耦合到各个电极;特别是电容耦合到电极12防止了流体5的退化。若容器中流体的体积由于温度、压力、或其它情况而改变,则为了流体的回流或供应,可以组合一个或更多个容器。
最后,图8示出了一个实施方案,其中,象素壁13不延伸跨越整个象素厚度。看来油膜5非常稳定,随着象素尺寸的减小,甚至被进一步增强。故在转换过程中,倘若壁不小于关断状态油膜厚度的高度的2倍,则油仍然限制在各个区域中。这意味着一个公共沟道能够为流体6利用,这就简化了显示器的制造和驱动。对流体的单个电接触则能够被外部形成。其它的参考号具有与图4相同的意义。
本发明在于各个新颖的特有特点和各个特有特点的组合。权利要求中的参考号不限制其保护范围。动词“包含”及其同义词的使用不排除权利要求所述之外的元件的出现。元件前面的冠词“一”的使用不排除多个这种元件的出现。
Claims (17)
1.一种包含图象元件的显示器件,它在第一支持板与第二支持板之间的空间内具有彼此不可互溶的第一流体和至少一种第二流体,第一流体是导电的或极化的,此器件包含用来产生至少二种不同状态的装置,其中,流体之一在第一状态中邻接至少第一支持板,而在第二状态中,另一流体至少部分地邻接第一支持板。
2.根据权利要求1的显示器件,其中,图象元件对应于一个被规定的空间,且在第二状态中,另一流体基本上完全邻接第一支持板。
3.根据权利要求1或2的显示器件,此器件包含用来在图象元件中在部分第一支持板的表面处产生不均匀电场的装置。
4.根据权利要求3的显示器件,其中,电极与该部分第一支持板表面层之间的介质层的厚度变化。
5.根据权利要求3的显示器件,其中,电极与该部分第一支持板表面层之间的介质层具有变化的介电常数。
6.根据权利要求1或2的显示器件,图象元件中的器件具有在该部分第一支持板的表面处变化的浸润性或具有变化的第一支持板厚度。
7.根据权利要求1的显示器件,其中,圈象元件对应于一个被规定的空间,且在第一状态中,第一流体层基本上完全邻接二个支持板。
8.根据权利要求1的显示器件,其中,图象元件对应于一个被规定的空间,此空间具有一个将空间分成至少二个子图象元件的壁,在第一状态中,邻接第一支持板的又一流体层至少部分地在二个子图象元件内。
9.根据权利要求8的显示器件,其中,第一流体层和又一流体层具有不同的颜色。
10.根据权利要求2、7、或8的显示器件,其中,在第二状态中,第一流体层和又一流体层中的至少一个邻接该空间的壁部分。
11.根据权利要求10的显示器件,它包含用来防止部分第一流体层和又一流体层在第二状态中相互混合的装置。
12.根据权利要求1的显示器件,它包含用来得到中间状态的驱动装置。
13.根据权利要求1的显示器件,它包含第一衬底侧面处的吸收器或反射器。
14.根据权利要求2、7、或8的显示器件,其中,另一层是散射层或吸收层。
15.根据权利要求2、7、或8的显示器件,其中,另一层是几个图象元件公共的。
16.根据权利要求1的显示器件,它包含滤色器。
17.一种漫射器件,它具有彼此不可互溶且被限制在第一支持板与第二支持板之间的空间内的第一流体和至少一种第二流体,第一流体是导电的或极化的,此器件包含用来产生至少两种不同状态的装置,其中,流体之一在第一状态中邻接至少第一支持板,而在第二状态中,另一流体至少部分地邻接第一支持板。
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- 2003-01-24 CN CNA038041316A patent/CN1633622A/zh active Pending
- 2003-01-24 KR KR10-2004-7012687A patent/KR20040089637A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
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CN101512411B (zh) * | 2006-08-31 | 2011-08-10 | 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 | 基于电润湿效应的电子装置 |
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CN103650183B (zh) * | 2011-06-30 | 2017-02-22 | 松下知识产权经营株式会社 | 发光装置 |
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ATE548678T1 (de) | 2012-03-15 |
CN1979320A (zh) | 2007-06-13 |
JP2005517993A (ja) | 2005-06-16 |
ES2385017T3 (es) | 2012-07-17 |
US7898718B2 (en) | 2011-03-01 |
US20050104804A1 (en) | 2005-05-19 |
JP2011053683A (ja) | 2011-03-17 |
KR101041259B1 (ko) | 2011-06-14 |
TW200303435A (en) | 2003-09-01 |
KR20100030681A (ko) | 2010-03-18 |
TWI288261B (en) | 2007-10-11 |
KR20110038175A (ko) | 2011-04-13 |
US8213071B2 (en) | 2012-07-03 |
CN1979320B (zh) | 2010-12-08 |
EP1478974B1 (en) | 2012-03-07 |
US7463398B2 (en) | 2008-12-09 |
JP4653398B2 (ja) | 2011-03-16 |
KR101128633B1 (ko) | 2012-03-26 |
US20090141335A1 (en) | 2009-06-04 |
JP5068353B2 (ja) | 2012-11-07 |
EP1478974A1 (en) | 2004-11-24 |
AU2003201141A1 (en) | 2003-09-09 |
US20110116153A1 (en) | 2011-05-19 |
KR20110069135A (ko) | 2011-06-22 |
KR101230710B1 (ko) | 2013-02-07 |
WO2003071346A1 (en) | 2003-08-28 |
KR20040089637A (ko) | 2004-10-21 |
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