Background technology
Percolate is a kind of composition complexity, COD
Cr, BOD
5, heavy metal, ammonia nitrogen and saltiness is all high, colourity is dark, foul smelling, the imbalance of microbial nutrition element ratio, biodegradability is poor, molecular weight is big organism are preponderated, BOD/COD is low, water quality and quantity changes greatly, unmanageable high concentrated organic wastewater, common conventional biological treatment effect is undesirable, handles to be difficult to reach high request sewage disposal emission standard (as primary standard).Handle as the percolate of certain city old port refuse landfill, adopt equalizing tank, anaerobic pond, hold concurrently the oxygen pool, aeration lagoon, reed wetland, chemical oxidation, go out the pool technology that combines.This treatment process, dwell time of sewage is long, the operational management inconvenience, it is still undesirable especially to handle its water outlet by multipaths so.Certain Yulong mountain, city landfill yard percolate is handled for another example, employing anaerobism, ammonia-nitrogen desorption, A/O submerged bio-aeration, two are sunk, coagulating sedimentation combines technology, its treat effluent only reaches the pipe standards of receiving that enter municipal sewage system, need deliver to the municipal sewage plant again and be for further processing.In addition, also useful oxidation ditch, biochemical process such as SBR, MSBR carry out the processing of percolate, but water outlet all is difficult to reach first discharge standard, and floor space is big, and technical process is long, and processing costs is big.
Chinese patent 99124025 disclosed a kind of process for treating percolate from garbage filling field, be that percolate is recharged it in garbage loading embeading district that has carried out earthing with the internal layer recycling mode, utilize the Anaerobic Acidification Bacterium that contains in the rubbish and methanobacteria that internal layer is recharged percolate and carry out anaerobic biodegradation; And then carry out aerobic biodegradation and membrane filtration by the submerged membrane biological plant, and rely on the aerobic microbiological of submerged membrane biologic reaction equipment middle and high concentration, to the removal of degrading of biodegradable organic, ammonia nitrogen, carry out solid-liquid separation by film simultaneously; And then carry out reverse-osmosis treated, and utilize reverse osmosis membrane to dissolved organic matter and the excellent rejection of heavy metal, removing influences active organism of nitrifier and hazardous and noxious substances; See through liquid and carry out ammonia nitrogen removal by biological nitration equipment and handle, thus make dispose of sewage up to standard.Yet this kind treatment process also has its deficiency: the one, and waste water is directly biochemical under high ammonia nitrogen, and biochemical effect is undesirable; The 2nd, difficult biochemical substances in the waste water, not treated same biochemical effect is relatively poor and direct biochemical, can increase follow-up reverse-osmosis treated load; The 3rd, biological ammonia nitrogen removal complex treatment process, ammonia nitrogen removal effect and operation factors relation are bigger.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiency of above-mentioned prior art, provide a kind of ammonia nitrogen removal of improvement easy, biochemical treatment efficient height, technical process is simple, and processing costs is low, can make percolate handle the garbage leachate treatment process that reaches first discharge standard.
Garbage leachate treatment process of the present invention is characterized in that at first adopting electrolytic oxidation to handle, and again through ceramic membrane filter machine filtering separation, filtered solution is through membrane bioreactor biochemical treatment and membrane sepn, and water outlet is again through reverse-osmosis treated.Thereby can make water outlet reach the first grade discharging high request, filtering and concentrating liquid can recharge processing, also can handle through evaporation concentration.
According to above-mentioned design, the processing technological flow of percolate of the present invention is as follows:
Percolate → grid → equalizing tank → electrolytic oxidation → ceramic membrane filter machine → membrane bioreactor (MBR) → reverse osmosis (RO) → qualified discharge
Separated sludge loopback landfill yard, concentrated solution recharge to be handled or the evaporation concentration processing.
Grid of the present invention: similar with common sewage treatment process, be used for removing sewage macrobead solid pollutant, the normal effectively operation of protection subsequent processing device, the grid slag of interception can be used as rubbish, backhauls refuse landfill.
Equalizing tank of the present invention: mainly the water quality and the water yield of percolate are carried out the homogenizing processing.
Aforementioned pre-treatment is identical with common sewage disposal, no special feature.
Electrolytic oxidation of the present invention is handled: by waste water is directly separated with large-current electric, waste water is separated under oxidation, electrocoagulation, the electric floating effect at large-current electric, not only can remove high concentration organic contaminant and ammonia nitrogen in a large number, and can remove turbid, decolouring, removing heavy metals; The strong oxidation of especially big electric current, can destroy the organic molecule structure, make the macromole hardly degraded organic substance be able to " cracking " and become easily biochemical small molecules, and can improve the BOD/COD ratio of waste water, the biodegradability of waste water is improved, for follow-up efficient biochemical treatment creates favorable conditions.Electrolytic oxidation of the present invention, to adopt the titanium plate to make positive electrode, stainless steel is made negative electrode especially, and current density is according to the Pollutant levels of percolate, with 8~15A/dm
2Comparatively appropriate.Titanium plate positive electrode and stainless steel cathode, the not only more common ferroelectric utmost point can increase substantially electrolytic current density, makes electrolysis that high removal effect be arranged, and " cracking " effect, and is not easy oxidation, has greatly prolonged the work-ing life of electrode.
Ceramic membrane filter machine filtration treatment of the present invention as rotating disc type vacuum ceramic Membrane filtering machine, for a kind of inorganic membrane filtration equipment, by the physical filtering effect, makes that dirt and subsequent film bio-reactor excess sludge can effectively be separated removal in electrolysis treatment waste water.The present invention not only can remove the SS more than 99%, thereby effectively guarantee the electrolysis treatment effect owing to adopt inorganic ceramic membrane filter; And ceramic membrane also to have an anti-organic contamination strong, long service life, characteristics such as filtering accuracy and efficient height.According to the percolate characteristics, ceramic membrane filter plate of the present invention, the filtering membrane aperture selects for use 0.5~5 μ m comparatively appropriate, not only can hold back the above particle of 0.5 μ m, and filtration efficiency is higher.For further improving filter effect, the present invention can adopt flocculating aids such as diatomite to make filtration medium, improves filtration efficiency.The filtering separation thickened sludge is made landfill disposal.
The present invention separates through aforementioned electrolytic oxidation and ceramic membrane filter, and it is about 85% that CODcr is removed, BOD
5Remove about 60%, NH
3It is about 90% that-N removes, and it is about 99% that SS removes, and color removal is about 90%, and the BOD/COD ratio can be increased to about 0.4, not only greatly reduces follow-up biochemical treatment load; And can improve subsequent biological treatment efficient and effect, this is the critical process that the present invention is different from prior art.
Membrane biological reaction of the present invention (MBR) is handled, also claim membrane sepn formula activated sludge process, be to install at interval to be provided with the special-purpose hollow fiber membrane module of water treatment in the aerated reaction separator tank, the below is provided with the waste disposal plant of aerating apparatus, can carry out aerobic biodegradation and membrane sepn simultaneously.Determine film separation unit quantity according to waste water situation, state and water displacement, generally for B/C between 0.35~0.6, NH
3-N concentration is less than 500mg/L, the waste water that Biostatic is general, its MLSS can reach about 12-20g/L, than high about about 5 times of general activated sludge process, so MBR can accomplish high volumetric loading, high surface load, these characteristics just in time are fit to high concentrated organic wastewater and handle.Filtered wastewater is handled at the high-concentration activated sludge mesophytization, and degradation of organic substances through the filtering separation of holding back of tubular fibre, makes muddy water obtain separating, thereby forms dual treatment effect.Filter through tubular fibre and to hold back, can separate all ss suspended solids, water outlet SS<1mg/L, and this treatment unit to have anti-portative power strong, water quality treatment is stable, and is effective, can stablize to obtain recycling clarification filtration water.And mud can be controlled by regular spoil disposal age in MBR, help poor growth like this, long from generation to generation bacterial classification (as nitrobacteria) growth, can make in the device mud bacterial classification be variation, can also tame out adaptable flora, therefore have very high biochemical treatment effect and remove the ammonia nitrogen ability.The tubular fibre face because flow velocity and aeration make the face vibration, adds that aeration gas is cleaned and the gap of water treatment pump is moved, and effectively suppress mud and adhere to, so tubular fibre can need not clean for a long time, has guaranteed use steady in a long-term.Handle the excess sludge of discharging, return ceramic membrane filter machine filtering separation.
Reverse osmosis of the present invention (RO) filtration treatment, utilize the excellent rejection of reverse osmosis membrane to dissolved organic matter and heavy metal, can with its detention in concentrated solution, effectively guarantee the Membrane Bioreactor for Wastewater Treatment effect by filtering, make water outlet can reach first discharge standard.The general CODcr clearance of science and engineering skill process>95% herein, BOD
5Clearance>90%, NH
3-N clearance>95%, removal of heavy metal ions rate>99%.Reverse osmosis concentrated liquid can recharge refuse landfill, also can send into vaporizer through evaporation process, and the enriched material that evaporation obtains can be done usefulization utilization (as brickmaking).Concentrated solution of the present invention is especially to adopt the latter to be treated to excellent.
Garbage leachate treatment process of the present invention has taken into full account percolate COD, BOD, SS, colourity, NH
3-N is very high, and the big organism of difficult degradation molecular weight is preponderated, characteristics such as BOD/COD is low, earlier percolate is handled through electrolytic oxidation, not only forceful electric power separate and the voltolisation effect of coagulating under, can effectively remove COD a large amount of in the waste water, ammonia nitrogen, heavy metal ion, and electrolysis strong oxidation, difficult degradation macromole organic pollutant " is cracked ", make it become the good small organic molecule of biochemical, also improve the BOD/COD ratio simultaneously, thereby significantly improved the biodegradability of sewage, helped giving full play to follow-up biochemical treatment effect.Waste water is aided with the ceramic membrane filter machine and filters after electrolysis treatment, remove electrolysate and suspended substance, effectively reduces the organic contamination substrate concentration, has alleviated the subsequent biological treatment load, has guaranteed the effect of electrolysis treatment and water outlet requirement more also.Its more traditional settling tank separates, and is effective, the efficient height, and the treatment time is short, and water outlet is good.Filtered water is in membrane bioreactor, (MLSS can reach 12-20g/L to keep high-concentration activated sludge, than high about about 5 times of general activated sludge process), waste water at this by biological degradation, and carry out solid-liquid separation simultaneously, and the biochemical efficiency height, the mud generation is little, thereby having very high comprehensive organism processing efficiency, processing cost is low.Water outlet can fully guarantee the Membrane Bioreactor for Wastewater Treatment effect again through osmosis filtration, has guaranteed water outlet high standard emission request.Concentrated solution gets the small fraction of solid otherwise processed through the evaporator evaporation concentration.
The present invention because take that forceful electric power is separated, ceramic membrane separates, membrane bioreactor (MBR) biological treatment and membrane sepn, reverse osmosis (RO) order organically combine the art breading percolate, not only each treatment process section effect can be given full play to; And it is good to have an additional synergy, and each technology cooperatively interacts, and guarantees treatment effect, have efficient, stable, reliable, treatment effect is good, surplus sludge volume is low, technical process is simple, be fit to adopt PLC control, the level of automation height, convenient operation and management, working cost is lower, do not establish second pond, floor space is few, has reduced construction investment, has reduced investment, working cost is lower.Technology of the present invention is particularly suitable for water outlet requirement height, and again away from the processing of the percolate from garbage filling field of municipal sewage plant, the inventive method can also be used for other high concentrated organic wastewaters and handle.
Below in conjunction with a specific embodiment, further specify technology of the present invention, but the described concrete equipment of embodiment not the qualification to technology of the present invention.