CN1470343A - 高熔点触变金属坯料及复合材料间歇制备工艺及设备 - Google Patents
高熔点触变金属坯料及复合材料间歇制备工艺及设备 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1470343A CN1470343A CNA031462650A CN03146265A CN1470343A CN 1470343 A CN1470343 A CN 1470343A CN A031462650 A CNA031462650 A CN A031462650A CN 03146265 A CN03146265 A CN 03146265A CN 1470343 A CN1470343 A CN 1470343A
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 22
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 title 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N argon Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- -1 platinum rhodium-platinum Chemical compound 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 63
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound 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[Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
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Abstract
本发明属于冶金材料领域，特别涉及一种高熔点半固态触变金属坯料及复合材料制备工艺与设备。坯料制备室由坩埚18、密封法兰盖2、电磁搅拌器5、循环水套6、复合保温管7、钼丝8、耐热管9、阻尼孔10、顶部铂铑－铂热电偶11、氩气入孔12、堵头13、密封盖14、出水口16、进水口21、入孔22、底部热电偶26组成；升降器包括驱动机构25、耐热触头3、导柱24、前端板23、后端板27。本发明加热、熔化、保温、搅拌、冷却过程均在同一个坯料制备室中进行，制备室相对封闭，在制备过程中采用氩气保护坩埚中金属熔体。坯料制备室中的钼丝作为容易损坏零件，钼丝表面刷有涂料，在加热过程，采用氢气和氮气进行保护。本发明工艺先进，设备结构简单，避免制备过程转换而引起金属熔体的氧化，同时降低设备成本；电磁搅拌效果好，空气磁阻小，生产效率高；坯料质量好；可以稳定生产半固态坯料。
Description
技术领域
：本发明属于冶金材料领域，特别涉及一种高熔点半固态触变金属坯料及复合材料制备工艺与设备。
半固态坯料制备作为半固态触变成形工艺的基础，倍受国内外的关注。目前已经发展有机械搅拌法、磁场搅拌法、应变诱变激活法、喷射沉积法、晶粒细化热处理法、控制冷却法、近液相浇注法、斜坡冷却法、液体混合法等坯料制备方法。机械搅拌法出现最早的一种坯料制备方法，由于存在效率低、搅拌装置材质寿命低、污染金属熔体等缺点，主要用于实验研究及低熔点合金的实际生产；应变诱变激活法由于工艺要求合金原料获得较大的变形量，因此只适应小型零件的生产；喷射沉积由于过程复杂，导致成本增加，只适应质量要求较高的半固态坯料制备；日本等国最近发展的控制冷却法、近液相浇注法、斜坡冷却法、液体混合法等具有操作简单、成本较低等特点，但由于上述工艺均需要精确控制合金凝固过程，目前，只适应低熔点半固态合金坯料制备。
电磁搅拌是利用导电的熔融金属与变化磁场间产生的感应力驱动金属熔体进行旋转运动，电磁搅拌在金属熔体中形成水平旋转，从而改变金属熔体的温度场与浓度场，进而抑制枝晶生长而形成球状晶，实现半固态组织演变。电磁搅拌技术已经广泛应用于钢铁材料的连铸工艺上，对组织细化具有明显作用。由于电磁搅拌无接触，所以不受搅拌器材料高温耐热性的限制，相比其他半固态坯料制备工艺，电磁搅拌更适应高熔点材料半固态浆料的制备。
中国专利申请(专利号：02104349.3)提出一种球状初晶的半固态金属或合金浆料直接成形方法及装置，其中浆料制备为将低过热度的金属或合金液浇入铸模中，同时对浇入该铸摸即承接容器中的过热金属或合金液体施加短时低功率搅拌，并对该凝固过程进行冷却控制和球状初晶的保温圆整球化，得到预定固相分数的球状初晶的半固态金属或合金浆料。该方法具有流程短、成本低等特点。但该方法及装置首先通过浇入低过热度合金进行搅拌制备，随后进入冷却、保温器进行冷却控制和圆整球化，最后进入压铸设备进行成型，对于高熔点材料很难避免过程氧化；采用低功率搅拌，对于熔点、密度较高，电导率较低的材料，很难保证其搅拌效果。此外，高熔点材料对制备、冷却、保温装置具有较高的耐热要求，导致较高的制作成本。
一种制备高熔点半固态触变金属坯料及复合材料的设备，包括坯料制备室和升降器，坯料制备室与升降器同轴安装，由紧固螺栓通过筒体17、上盖板15和下托板4固定成一体，整个设备通过转轴19、并由底板1、支架20固定在地面上，其特征在于坯料制备室由坩埚18、密封法兰盖2、电磁搅拌器5、循环水套6、复合保温管7、铝丝8、耐热管9、阻尼孔10、顶部铂铑-铂热电偶11、氩气入孔12、堵头13、密封盖14、出水口16、进水口21、入孔22、底部热电偶26组成；升降器置于坯料制备室下方，包括驱动机构25、耐热触头3、导柱24、前端板23、后端板27。驱动机构25置于导柱24之间，并置于坯料制备室下端，耐热触头3与坩埚相接，导柱24垂直安装在升降器两侧，通过前端板23、后端板27与导柱24连接将驱动机构25固定在坯料制备室下托板4上，驱动机构25端部与耐热触头3相接，并推入坯料制备室内腔，耐热触头3的直径小于坯料制备室耐火管9内径，两者直径比为0.8-0.95，最佳直径比为0.9。
高熔点触变金属坯料及复合材料间歇制备工艺包括合金熔化、保温、处理，搅拌(加入增强剂)、冷却等五个坯料制备步骤。
合金熔化：首先将原材料放入刚玉坩埚，通过升降器将装料坩埚放置坯料制备室中，线圈电阻加热，加热温度达到合金液相线上30-80℃；合金保温：熔化后进行保温，使熔体温度充分均匀，保温时间5-20min；合金处理：合金熔炼后进行处理，处理包括脱氧除气、合金化，脱氧除气使用铝、稀土等脱氧剂，脱氧及合金化均通过堵头13直接加入金属熔体；电磁搅拌：在坯料制备室内控制坯料降温至某一温度，在坯料制备室内进行电磁搅拌，即施加一个使金属熔体产生以水平旋转为主、辅之于上下环流的搅拌力，搅拌采用直接冷却降温搅拌和等温搅拌两种方式，若制备复合材料此时则需加入颗粒或短纤维增强剂，搅拌室磁感应强度范围为0.02-0.1T；冷却：电磁搅拌完成后，进行冷却即通过循环水套6进行强制冷却，本装置提供冷却速度为5℃-90℃/min，最佳冷却速度为10℃-60℃/min；待触变金属坯料冷却到一定温度后，通过升降器将坯料运出坯料制备室外，完成高熔点触变金属及复合材料坯料的制备。
本发明加热、熔化、保温、搅拌、冷却过程均在同一个坯料制备室中进行，避免制备过程转换而引起金属熔体的氧化，同时降低设备成本，电磁搅拌效果好，空气磁阻小。搅拌室中心磁感应强度达到0.02-0.1T，30-60min加热时间内搅拌室温度达到1600℃。为使金属熔体表面避免氧化，制备室相对封闭，在制备过程中采用氩气保护坩埚中金属熔体。为使半固态触变坯料上下温度均匀，充分发挥加热线圈的电磁搅拌作用，本发明设计的坯料高度仅为加热线圈高度的二分之一至十分之九，最佳坯料高度仅为加热线圈高度的三分之一。坯料制备室中的钼丝作为容易损坏零件，铝丝表面刷有涂料，在加热过程，采用氢气和氮气进行保护，延长使用时间，降低了成本；制备室温度范围约30-1600℃，可以制备熔点范围为1300-1600℃的合金触变材料或复合材料。设备径向磁场分布基本均匀，轴向存在有约120mm左右的均匀旋转磁场，能够满足φ(40-80)×100mm规格的触变金属及复合材料圆坯料的制备要求。
本发明所涉及的高熔点半固态金属坯料间歇制备工艺及设备具有工艺先进；设备结构简单、维修方便；生产效率高；坯料质量好；可以稳定生产半固态坯料；所制备的合金范围广，特别适应1300-1600℃熔点范围内的触变金属材料或复合材料坯料制备。
Claims (6)
1.一种制备高熔点半固态触变金属坯料及复合材料的设备，包括坯料制备室和升降器，坯料制备室与升降器同轴安装，由紧固螺栓通过筒体(17)、上盖板(15)和下托板(4)固定成一体，整个设备通过转轴(19)、并由底板(1)、支架(20)固定在地面上，其特征在于坯料制备室由坩埚(18)、密封法兰盖(2)、电磁搅拌器(5)、循环水套(6)、复合保温管(7)、钼丝(8)、耐热管(9)、阻尼孔(10)、顶部铂铑-铂热电偶(11)、氩气入孔(12)、堵头(13)、密封盖(14)、出水口(16)、进水口(21)、入孔(22)、底部热电偶(26)组成；升降器置于坯料制备室下方，包括驱动机构(25)、耐热触头(3)、导柱(24)、前端板(23)、后端板(27)，驱动机构(25)置于导柱(24)之间，并置于坯料制备室下端，耐热触头(3)与坩埚相接，导柱(24)垂直安装在升降器两侧，通过前端板(23)、后端板(27)与导柱(24)连接将驱动机构(25)固定在坯料制备室下托板(4)上，驱动机构(25)端部与耐热触头(3)相接，并推入坯料制备室内腔。
2.如权利要求1所述制备高熔点半固态触变金属坯料及复合材料的设备，其特征在于耐热触头(3)的直径小于坯料制备室耐火管(9)内径，两者直径比为0.8-0.95，最佳直径比为0.9。
3.一种高熔点触变金属坯料及复合材料间歇制备工艺，其特征在于加热、熔化、保温、搅拌、冷却过程均在同一个坯料制备室中进行；合金熔化：首先将原材料放入刚玉坩埚，通过升降器将装料坩埚放置坯料制备室中，线圈电阻加热，加热温度达到合金液相线上30-80℃；合金保温：熔化后进行保温，使熔体温度充分均匀，保温时间5-20min；合金处理：合金熔炼后进行处理，处理包括脱氧除气、合金化，脱氧除气使用铝、稀土等脱氧剂，脱氧及合金化均通过堵头(13)直接加入金属熔体；电磁搅拌：在坯料制备室内控制坯料降温至某一温度，在坯料制备室内进行电磁搅拌，即施加一个使金属熔体产生以水平旋转为主、辅之于上下环流的搅拌力，搅拌采用直接冷却降温搅拌和等温搅拌两种方式，若制备复合材料此时则需加入颗粒或短纤维增强剂，搅拌室磁感应强度范围为0.02-0.1T；冷却：电磁搅拌完成后，进行冷却即通过循环水套(6)进行强制冷却，本装置提供冷却速度为5℃-90℃/min，最佳冷却速度为10℃-60℃/min；待触变金属坯料冷却到一定温度后，通过升降器将坯料运出坯料制备室外，完成高熔点触变金属及复合材料坯料的制备。
4.如权利要求3所述的一种高熔点触变金属坯料及复合材料间歇制备工艺，其特征在于制备室相对封闭，在制备过程中采用氩气保护坩埚中金属熔体。
5.如权利要求3或4所述的一种高熔点触变金属坯料及复合材料间歇制备工艺，其特征在于为使半固态触变坯料上下温度均匀，充分发挥加热线圈的电磁搅拌作用，本发明设计的坯料高度仅为加热线圈高度的二分之一至十分之九，最佳坯料高度仅为加热线圈高度的三分之一。
6.如权利要求3或4或5所述的一种高熔点触变金属坯料及复合材料间歇制备工艺，其特征在于坯料制备室中的钼丝作为容易损坏零件，钼丝表面刷有涂料，在加热过程，采用氢气和氮气进行保护。
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102133629A (zh) * | 2011-03-01 | 2011-07-27 | 大连理工大学 | 一种轻合金电磁悬浮铸造装置和方法 |
| CN102198505A (zh) * | 2011-05-13 | 2011-09-28 | 浙江大学 | 钢铁合金材料的加工装置 |
| CN104668500A (zh) * | 2013-12-02 | 2015-06-03 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | 一种铝/镁合金半固态浆料制备装置与方法 |
| CN107983929A (zh) * | 2018-01-05 | 2018-05-04 | 北京科技大学 | 一种加热炉用钴合金垫块半固态触变成形工艺方法 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102133629A (zh) * | 2011-03-01 | 2011-07-27 | 大连理工大学 | 一种轻合金电磁悬浮铸造装置和方法 |
| CN102198505A (zh) * | 2011-05-13 | 2011-09-28 | 浙江大学 | 钢铁合金材料的加工装置 |
| CN102198505B (zh) * | 2011-05-13 | 2012-10-10 | 浙江大学 | 钢铁合金材料的加工装置 |
| CN104668500A (zh) * | 2013-12-02 | 2015-06-03 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | 一种铝/镁合金半固态浆料制备装置与方法 |
| CN107983929A (zh) * | 2018-01-05 | 2018-05-04 | 北京科技大学 | 一种加热炉用钴合金垫块半固态触变成形工艺方法 |
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