CN1461253A - 具有改进的拉杆控制的拉伸－吹制机 - Google Patents

具有改进的拉杆控制的拉伸－吹制机 Download PDF

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CN1461253A
CN1461253A CN01816003A CN01816003A CN1461253A CN 1461253 A CN1461253 A CN 1461253A CN 01816003 A CN01816003 A CN 01816003A CN 01816003 A CN01816003 A CN 01816003A CN 1461253 A CN1461253 A CN 1461253A
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布吕诺·加洛尼
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种通过对预制件(10)的拉伸和吹制来制造热塑材料容器的机器，这种机器具有至少一个拉杆(20)，拉杆(20)在一个致动器(34)的控制下沿它的轴(An)从一个收回位置向一个最大拉伸位置滑动，以保证吹制过程中拉伸预制件(10)。本发明的特征在于，当拉杆(20)向它的收回位置返回时，致动器(34)停止，杆(20)的返回由制造过程中容器内的、并作用在杆(20)的工作端(46)上的吹制压力来保证。

Description

具有改进的拉杆控制的拉伸-吹制机
技术领域
本发明涉及通过对一个预先注模制造的预制件的拉伸和吹制来制造热塑材料的容器的机器领域。
这种机器特别用于制造容器，例如材料为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)的瓶子。
背景技术
在这种机器中使用基本为管状的预制件，预制件的一个轴向端是封闭的，另一个轴向端是开放的，并且已经具有最终容器颈部的确定形状。
每个预制件在一个热调节炉中加热，把预制件体带到一个高于热塑材料的玻璃状过渡温度的温度。把这样处理过的预制件送到一个吹制模具中，模具中形成一个具有要得到的容器形状的空腔。将预制件放在模具中，使它的开放端超过模具以外。因此，可以把一个吹制装置移到预制件的颈部，以便把带压空气注入到预制件中。同时，一个拉杆轴向进入到预制件内，顶靠预制件底部的封闭端。因此，拉杆可以在容器的吹制过程中更好地控制预制件的轴向变形。
本发明例如可以用于一台旋转型拉伸-吹制机中，该机器具有几个安装在一个循环输送装置外围的吹制站，循环输送装置绕它的轴连续转动。每个吹制站包括一个吹制模具、一个吹制装置和一个拉伸装置。
根据一种已知的设计，拉杆的运动受一个气动作动筒的控制，该作动筒提供杆的移动所需的能量，但拉伸的速度通过一个带有滚轮和凸轮的装置进行调节，该装置可以根据所考虑的吹制站在循环输送装置的旋转轴周围的角度位置，使拉杆的轴向位置完全同步。
这些系统在吹制工艺的运行方面完全令人满意。但是，需要大大地减少这些吹制机的总能耗。然而，上述机器的能量消耗源之一是控制每个吹制站的拉杆的作动筒，需要给作动筒提供带压空气，同时用于杆的下降和上升。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是提出一种特别简单有效的方法来控制拉杆的移动。
为此，本发明提出一种通过预制件的拉伸和吹制来制造热塑材料容器的机器，这种机器具有至少一个拉杆，拉杆受一个致动器的控制沿它的轴从一个收回位置向一个最大拉伸位置滑动，以保证预制件在吹制作业过程中的拉伸，其特征在于，当拉杆向它的收回位置返回时，致动器停止，拉杆的返回由制造过程中在容器内的、并作用在拉杆的工作端的吹制压力来保证。
根据本发明的其它特征：
—该机器具有在不运行的情况下把拉杆带到它的停止位置的辅助装置；
—该机器具有多个安装在一个循环输送装置上的模制站，循环输送装置围绕它的轴相对该机器的一个机架连续转动；每个站至少有一个拉杆；该机器具有一个与机架连接的安全凸轮，并且每个拉杆具有一个能够与安全凸轮配合的凸轮随动件，以便如果相应的拉杆在凸轮前通过时没有先回到它的收回位置，就把拉杆带向它的收回位置。
—致动器是一个流体压力的作动筒；
—致动器是一个气动作动筒；
—致动器具有一个压力室，该压力室被供以压缩空气，以便控制拉杆移到它的拉伸位置，并且所述压力室与自由空气连接，使拉杆能够返回它的收回位置；
—致动器是一个单向作用的致动器；
—该机器具有把拉杆锁定在收回位置的辅助装置。
附图说明
阅读下面的详细描述并参照附图可以了解本发明的其它特征和优点。附图中，图1-4为一个本发明的吹制站的四个工作阶段的轴向剖视示意图。
具体实施方式
图中用部分示意图的方式示出通过对一个预先注模实现的预制件10的拉伸和吹制来制造热塑材料的容器的机器。
更特别的是，该机器为旋转型，也就是该机器具有几个安装在一个循环输送装置14上的拉伸-吹制站12。循环输送装置14绕它的轴A1连续转动。
每个拉伸吹制站12主要包括一个吹制模具16、一个吹管18、一个拉杆20和拉杆20的移动控制装置22。
在所示的例子中，循环输送装置14的转轴A1是一个垂直轴，并且每个拉伸站12沿一个垂直轴An布置，轴An以规则的间隔分布在轴A1周围的一个圆周上。预制件10的开口端向上进行吹制，使吹管18和拉杆20布置在模具16以上。从这种布置引出本文下面使用的上、下的概念，但这种概念不应解释为对本发明的限制。
借助这种装置，每个站12的拉杆20沿轴An垂直移动，相当于在一个收回高位与一个最大拉伸的低位之间移动。更确切地说，由于每个吹制站在循环输送装置14的每一圈吹制一个容器，拉杆20在循环输送装置14的每一圈在它们的高位和低位之间完成一个往返。
已经知道，拉杆20的上端固定在一个滑块24上，滑块24可以在一个安装在循环输送装置14上的轨道(未示出)上垂直滑动。同样，每个杆20穿过相应的吹管18轴向延伸，使它的下端能够轴向嵌在一个关在模具16的一个空腔中的预制件中。例如杆20为以An为轴的圆柱形，它的下端46为半球形，用于顶靠预制件10的底部，以便在吹制过程中轴向拉伸预制件10。
在所示的例子中，预制件10接合在模具16中，使它的颈部26超出模具16的上表面28以上。
吹管18在这种情况下是一个带有钟形罩30的管子，可以在一个收回高位(示于图1)和一个吹制低位(示于图2-4)之间轴向移动，在吹制低位，钟形罩30密封贴靠模具16的上表面28，并包围预制件颈部26。在该位置，预制件内部和管子18的内部形成一个封闭室，可以把带压空气注入到封闭室内，带压空气可以使预制件变形，使其贴靠模具16的空腔32的壁，这是为了使预制件得到要制造的容器的形状。
轴向穿过管18内的拉杆20可以以密封的方式滑动，穿过管子18的一个上壁。当管子处于吹制位置时，尽管拉杆相对管子滑动，一个密封垫40仍保证吹制体积的密封性。
已经知道，拉杆20被操纵，使其伴随预制件10的变形，把预制件的底部推向模具空腔的底部。因此，吹制站包括一个作用在滑块24上的致动器，使滑块24向下轴向滑动。例如致动器是一个单一作用的气动作动筒34，给该作动筒提供带压空气，迫使滑块向下滑动。拉伸的速度最好通过一个凸轮36进行控制，凸轮36绕循环输送装置14的轴A1螺旋延伸。滑块24具有一个滚轮38，该滚轮在作动筒34的作用下贴靠凸轮36，使杆20的瞬时位置完全根据轴A1周围吹制站12的瞬时角度位置进行控制。因此，用非常简单的方式控制作动筒34，即“全部或没有”，但是拉伸开始的时刻和拉伸的速度完全受到控制。
正如在图2可以看到的，拉杆的下降一般与一个预吹制作业同时进行，在预吹制作业的过程中，通过管子18在预制件10中以一个中等的第一压力、例如13巴注入吹制空气。
在图3所示的随后阶段中，通过管子18注入到预制件中的空气为高压空气，例如大约40巴，以便使热塑材料完全与空腔32的形状贴合。持续保持高压的时间可以达到几秒，以便使热塑材料冷却和凝固，并与空腔32的壁接触。
只要材料没有达到容器的确定形状，最好使拉杆保持在低位，避免预制件的底部比空腔32的底部偏心。为此，需要使气动作动筒保持压力。
一旦材料在高压的作用下达到它的确定形状，就可以使拉杆重新上升，这甚至在材料的冷却阶段结束前进行。
根据本发明，杆20的重新上升不受致动器的控制。相反，致动器处于停止状态。在作动筒34的情况下，它的控制室只有自由空气。
此时，杆20在形成过程中的容器中的吹制压力的单向作用下有向它的收回位置上升的趋势。实际上，由于存在密封垫40，只有杆20的下部暴露在吹制压力中。
如果压力对杆20的垂直壁的作用在垂直壁之间互相抵消，则压力对杆的下端46的作用就没有被补偿。因此杆20受到一个轴向向上的力，该力等于吹制压力乘以杆的横截面面积。根据情况的不同，该力可以约为50-150daN，这足以补偿杆20和它的控制机构的重量，因此造成拉杆返回它的收回位置。
正如在图4可以看到的，最好设置一个与调节凸轮类似的安全凸轮42，但是它的设置是为了如果滚轮38与凸轮42接触，则迫使杆20返回它的收回位置。另外，该安全凸轮的位置使得在装置正常运行的情况下不使用该安全凸轮，则滚轮38不与凸轮42接触，如图4所示。这样可以限制装置运行的噪声，并限制凸轮42和滚轮38的磨损。
当模制结束希望取出容器时，甚至例如在吹制过程中的预制件10爆裂后，安全凸轮42可以确保杆20脱离模具16，带压空气从模具排出。
最好还设有将杆20锁定在收回位置的装置。
以上结合吹制站中设有一个只有一个空腔的模具16的情况对本发明进行了描述。本发明也可以用于具有由同一个致动器控制的两个拉杆的双空腔吹制站。
同样，本发明可以应用于预制件颈部向下进行拉伸-吹制作业的吹制机。

Claims (8)

1.通过预制件(10)的拉伸和吹制来制造热塑材料容器的机器，它具有至少一个拉杆(20)，拉杆(20)在一个致动器(34)的控制下沿它的轴(An)从一个收回位置向一个最大拉伸位置滑动，以保证在吹制作业过程中拉伸预制件(10)，其特征在于，当拉杆(20)向它的收回位置返回时，致动器(34)停止，杆(20)的返回由制造过程中在容器内的、并作用在杆(20)的工作端(46)上的吹制压力来保证。
2.如权利要求1所述的机器，其特征在于，它具有在不运行的情况下把杆(20)带到它的停止位置的辅助装置(36，38)。
3.如权利要求2所述的机器，其特征在于，它具有多个安装在一个循环输送装置(14)上的模制站(12)，循环输送装置(14)绕它的轴(Al)相对该机器的机架连续转动，每个站(12)设有至少一个拉杆(20)，该机器具有一个与机架连接的安全凸轮(36)，并且每个拉杆(20)具有一个能够与安全凸轮(36)配合的凸轮随动件(38)，以便如果相应的杆(20)在凸轮(36)前通过时没有先回到它的收回位置，就把拉杆(20)带向它的收回位置。
4.如上述权利要求之一所述的机器，其特征在于，致动器(34)是一个流体压力作动筒。
5.如权利要求4所述的机器，其特征在于，致动器是一个气动作动筒(34)。
6.如权利要求5所述的机器，其特征在于，致动器(34)具有一个压力室，该压力室被供以压缩空气，以便控制所述杆(20)向它的拉伸位置移动，并且所述压力室与自由空气连接，使杆(20)可以返回它的收回位置。
7.如上述权利要求之一所述的机器，其特征在于，致动器是一个单向作用的致动器。
8.如上述权利要求之一所述的机器，其特征在于，它具有把杆(20)锁定在收回位置的辅助装置。
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