CN1455981A - 开关电源装置 - Google Patents

开关电源装置 Download PDF

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CN1455981A
CN1455981A CN02800138A CN02800138A CN1455981A CN 1455981 A CN1455981 A CN 1455981A CN 02800138 A CN02800138 A CN 02800138A CN 02800138 A CN02800138 A CN 02800138A CN 1455981 A CN1455981 A CN 1455981A
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小堀克己
冈田真实
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Sony Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33507—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33507—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
    • H02M3/33523—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters with galvanic isolation between input and output of both the power stage and the feedback loop
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0032—Control circuits allowing low power mode operation, e.g. in standby mode
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

一种开关电源装置，具备对于在其初级线圈(21)上被供给了对直流输入进行开关的开关元件(30)的开关输出的换流变压器(20)的次级线圈(22)得到的输出分别进行整流、滤波的主整流滤波电路(40)及副整流滤波电路(50)；利用由上述副整流滤波电路(50)的副整流滤波输出来驱动的误差检测电路(60)，检测从上述主整流滤流电路(40)供给负载的主整流滤波输出，控制上述PWM控制电路(80)的开关元件(30)的开关工作、以使上述主整流滤波输出成为规定的状态，与此同时，把上述副整流滤波输出的电压与主整流滤波输出的电压加以比较，在上述副整流滤波输出的电压比上述主整流滤波输出的电压降低了规定值以上时、把上述PWM控制电路(80)切换成等待模式的工作状态。

Description

开关电源装置
技术领域
本发明涉及具有等待模式的开关电源装置。
背景技术
迄今为止，广泛使用着开关电源装置，它对于把市电整流、滤波所得到的直流电流例如以100KHz左右的高频进行开关，利用变压器高效率地将其变换成所希望的电压。
作为上述开关电源装置中的输出电压控制方式采用了：根据输出电压的变化来控制开关脉冲的占空比的脉冲宽度调制(PWM)控制方式；控制开关脉冲的频率或相位的谐振等的频率控制方式或相位控制方式等。
迄今，在AC附加器等中使用的开关电源装置中，换流器部总是连续地持续进行开关工作，换流器部的开关元件的驱动功率及控制电路消耗的功率较大，它们对输出功率之比较大，不仅破坏变换效率而且难以对应于等待时的功率限制。
因此，监视输出状态并检测等待状态，如图1所示那样、通过把上述换流器部的开关元件从正常工作模式中的连续振荡状态切换成间歇振荡状态，使得削减了上述开关元件的驱动功率及控制电路消耗的功率、并具有可使等待时的功耗较小的等待模式的开关电源装置实用化了。
在上述输出状态的监视中，例如如图2所示那样，把检测电阻Rs与输出线串联连接，利用上述检测电阻Rs的端子间电压ΔVs的大小来判断输出状态。
然而，在现有的开关电源装置中，当设备成为等待状态时、输出电流已为0或极小。因而，当设备为等待状态时为了确保上述检测电阻Rs的端子间电压ΔVs在某种程度以上，必须增大上述检测电阻Rs的电阻值。其结果，在正常工作状态下，由于上述检测电阻Rs的功耗变大故在现有的开关电源装置中，把开关元件Q1与上述检测电阻并联连接起来，由于在正常工作状态下它短路了Rs，故减轻了功耗。这样的对策伴有构成部件的增加及新的功耗的发生，这在谋求装置本身的小型化及降低价格方面成了问题。
发明的公开
因此，本发明的目的在于，鉴于如上所述现有的开关电源装置的问题，提供不使用伴有功耗的检测电阻等而能切换成等待模式、可谋求装置本身小型化及降低价格的开关电源装置。
本发明的开关电源装置，其特征在于，具备：开关装置，它对直流输入进行开关；开关控制装置，它控制该开关装置的开关工作；换流变压器在其初级线圈上供给上述开关装置的开关输出；主整流滤波装置及副整流滤波装置，它们分别对上述换流变压器的次级线圈得到的输出进行整流、滤波；以及误差检测装置，它由上述副整流滤波装置的副整流滤波输出来驱动，检测从上述主整流滤波装置供给负载的主整流滤波输出，控制上述开关控制装置的开关装置的开关工作、以使上述主整流滤波输出成为规定的状态，与此同时，把上述副整流滤波输出的电压与主整流滤波输出的电压加以比较，在上述副整流滤波输出的电压比上述主整流滤波输出的电压降低了规定值以上时、把上述开关控制装置切换成等待模式的工作状态。
附图的简单说明
图1是供说明现有的开关电源装置中的正常工作模式及等待模式的工作的图。
图2是示出在现有的开关电源装置中，用于监视输出状态、检测等待状态的主要部分结构的电路图。
图3是示出本发明开关电源装置的结构的电路图。
图4是示出上述开关电源装置中的主整流滤波电路的输出电流、与主整流滤波电路及副整流滤波电路的各输出电压之关系的图。
图5是供说明上述开关电源装置中的、朝向等待模式的工作切换的切换控制的图。
实施发明的最佳形态
下面，参照附图，详细地说明本发明的实施形态。
本发明的开关电源装置例如按图3所示那样来构成。该图3所示的开关电源装置100具备由与市电输入端子1连接的整流电路11及滤波电容器12构成的AC整流部10，换流变压器20的初级线圈21通过开关元件30与该AC整流部10连接。此外，由整流二极管41及滤波电容器42构成的主整流滤波电路40、和由整流二极管51及滤波电容器52构成的副整流滤波电路50与上述换流变压器20的次级线圈22连接。构成上述主整流滤波电路40的整流二极管41与滤波电容器42的连接点a、与构成上述副整流滤波电路50的整流二极管51与滤波电容器52的连接点b，通过二极管45连接。
该开关电源装置100是脉冲宽度调制(PWM)方式的开关电源，它具备对上述开关元件30的开关工作进行PWM控制的PWM控制电路80。
而且，输出端子101、102与主整流滤波电路40连接。此外，由副整流滤波电路50的整流滤波输出驱动的误差检测电路60与上述主整流滤波电路40连接。该误差检测电路60检测上述主整流滤波电路40输出的整流滤波输出Vout，基于其检测结果、把上述整流滤波输出Vout的误差信号通过光电晶体管71反馈给PWM控制电路80。上述误差检测电路60通过监视上述整流滤波输出Vout来判定与上述输出端子101、102连接的负载是否已成为等待状态，通过光电晶体管72把对应于其判定结果的控制信号反馈给上述PWM控制电路80。
未图示的起动电路把起动输出供给到上述PWM控制电路80上，与此同时，通过由整流二极管91及滤波电容器92构成的整流滤波电路90、把上述换流变压器20的第3线圈23上得到的第3输出供给到电源端子上。
在这种结构的开关电源装置100中，当上述AC整流部10对市电输入端子1供给的交流电源(AC输入)进行了整流、滤波而得到直流电源时，该直流电源驱动的、示图示的起动电路把起动信号供给PWM控制电路80，上述PMW控制电路便以100KHz左右的频率开始振荡。开关元件30利用上述PWM控制电路80的振荡输出而进行开关工作，通过对于从上述AC整流部10流动到上述换流变压器20的初级线圈21的直流电流进行开关，使上述换流变压器20的次级线圈22及第3线圈23感应出次级输出及第3输出。
把这样在上述换流变压器20的第3线圈23上得到的第3输出、作为上述PWM控制电路80的驱动电源来使用。
此外，主整流滤波电路40对于在上述换流变压器20的次级线圈22上得到的次级输出进行整流、滤波，通过输出端子101、102将其供给到负载上，与此同时，副整流滤波电路50对于在上述换流变压器20的次级线圈22上得到的次级输出也进行整流、滤波，将其作为上述误差检测部60的驱动电源来使用。
上述误差检测部60检测上述主整流滤波电路40输出的整流滤波输出Vout，把上述整流滤波输出Vout的误差信号反馈给PWM控制电路80，利用上述PWM控制电路80对上述开关元件30的开关工作进行PWM控制、以使上述整流滤波输出Vout成为恒定电压值。
在该状态下，当使上述主整流滤波电路40的输出电流减小时，主整流滤波电路40及副整流滤波电路50的输出电压如图4所示那样变化。即，上述副整流滤波电路50的输出电压如图4以虚线所示那样，从某一电流区域开始下降。该电流值为大致与上述误差检测部60消耗的电流成正比之值。换言之，如果上述误差检测部60中的电流大、则为特性3，如果小、则为特性1。
这样，能够利用上述误差检测部60中流动的电流来调整构成上述副整流滤波电路50的整流二极管51与滤波电容器52的连接点b上的电压。此外，由于构成上述主整流滤波电路40的整流二极管41与滤波电容器42的连接点a、与构成上述副整流滤波电路50的整流二极管51与滤波电容器52的连接点b通过二极管45连接，故上述连接点b的电压比上述连接点a的电压下降了一个上述二极管45的正向电压。
因此，在该开关电源装置100中，在上述误差检测部60中，通过把上述连接点a的电压与连接点b的电压加以比较来判定与上述输出端子101、102连接的负载是否已成为等待状态，如图5所示那样，检测出等待状态时切换成等待模式的工作，提供间歇工作的工作时序，此外，如果连接点a的电压或连接点b的电压在再起动设定电压以下，则通过光电晶体管72把提供间歇工作停止时序的控制信号反馈给上述PWM控制电路80。
再有，成为间歇工作状态时，由于在某一瞬间变得不供电了、故连接点b的电压急剧下降，但因通过二极管45继续供给连接点a的电压，故可确保上述误差检测部60的工作。
如上所述，按照本发明，不使用伴有功耗的检测电阻等而能检测等待状态并切换成等待模式的工作，能够提供可谋求装置本身小型化及降低价格的开关电源装置。

Claims (1)

1.一种开关电源装置，其特征在于，具备：
开关装置，它对直流输入进行开关；
开关控制装置，它控制该开关装置的开关工作；
换流变压器，在其初级线圈上供给上述开关装置的开关输出；
主整流滤波装置及副整流滤波装置，它们分别对上述换流变压器的次级线圈得到的输出进行整流、滤波；以及
误差检测装置，它由上述副整流滤波装置的副整流滤波输出来驱动，检测从上述主整流滤流装置供给负载的主整流滤波输出，控制上述开关控制装置的开关装置的开关工作、以使上述主整流滤波输出成为规定的状态，与此同时，把上述副整流滤波输出的电压与主整流滤波输出的电压加以比较，在上述副整流滤波输出的电压比上述主整流滤波输出的电压降低了规定值以上时、把上述开关控制装置切换成等待模式的工作状态。
CN02800138A 2001-01-19 2002-01-18 开关电源装置 Pending CN1455981A (zh)

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CN101093936B (zh) * 2006-06-19 2010-09-29 上海乐金广电电子有限公司 异常电源电压切断装置
CN103701332A (zh) * 2013-12-23 2014-04-02 南宁广开电气有限责任公司 一种基于pwm的智能电力变压器

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