CN1444819A

CN1444819A - Portable microdisplay system

Info

Publication number: CN1444819A
Application number: CN01813255A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 马修·泽瓦瑞奇; 弗雷德里克·P·赫尔曼; 阿伦·理查德; 罗纳德·P·盖勒; 达威·埃乐特森; 约翰·C·C·范恩; 罗德尼·J·本加德勒
Original assignee: Kopin Corp
Current assignee: Kopin Corp
Priority date: 2000-05-24
Filing date: 2001-05-24
Publication date: 2003-09-24
Also published as: WO2001091427A3; KR20030001549A; AU2001264994A1; WO2001091427A2; EP1284081A2; WO2001091427A9; JP2003534723A

Abstract

An active matrix color crystal display has an active matrix circuit, a counterelectrode panel and an interposed layer of liquid crystal. The active matrix display is located in a portable microdisplay system. The image is written to the display therein causing the liquid crystal to move to a specific image position. A light source is flashed to illuminate the display. The pixel electrodes are set to a specific value to cause the liquid crystal to move towards a desired position. The process of writing, flashing, and setting the electrode intensity value to reorient the liquid crystal to produce an image is repeated. Portable system can include a digital camera, cellular telephone, cellular telephone with digital instant print, camcorder, heads up display, instant print camera and pager.

Description

Portable microdisplay system

Technical field

The present invention relates to miniscope, particularly small size high-resolution liquid crystal display, and the method for making this display.

Correlation technique

The application is that the application number that United States Patent (USP) affairs office submitted to USPO on July 28th, 2000 is the part continuation application of 09/643,655 application, also is simultaneously that the application number of submitting on November 14th, 1999 is the part continuation application of 09/460,960 application.The former enjoys the application number of submitting on July 12nd, 2000 is 60/217, the application number that 871 application and on May 24th, 2000 submit to is 60/206, the rights and interests of 999 application, and the latter to enjoy the application number of submitting on November 14th, 1998 be 60/112, the application number of submitting in 147 applications and on February 26th, 1999 is the rights and interests of 60/121,899 application.The application also request simultaneously enjoys the U.S. Patent application NO.60/237 that submitted on October 3rd, 2000, the No.60/251 that 603 applications and on December 6th, 2000 submit to, the rights and interests of 721 applications.Above-mentioned all the elements all are incorporated in this paper by quoting as proof at this.Background technology

The flat-panel monitor of developing is to utilize liquid crystal or electrooptical material to produce high quality graphic.These displays are estimated replaced C RT technology and the more television image or the computer monitor image of high definition are provided.For example, the most promising approach that leads to the large-scale LCD of high-quality is an active matrix method, and in this method, the pixel of thin-film transistor and LCD is in the same place by colocated.The primary benefit of using the active matrix method of TFT is to eliminate crosstalking between the pixel, and the LCD with compatible TFT can obtain fabulous gray scale besides.

The color liquid crystal flat-panel monitor can be made by a variety of methods, comprises color filter or sequence flash lights.This display of two types can both find in transmission-type and reflective model.

Transmission-type color filter liquid crystal flat panel display generally comprises different five layers: white light source, be installed in the first polarization filter device of a side of circuit board, TFT is arranged the formation pixel on this circuit board, the color filter plate that comprises at least three kinds of primary colors that are arranged in pixel is the second polarization filter device at last.Filled by liquid crystal material between circuit board and the color filter plate.When electric field was applied to circuit board and receive on the material between the ground wire of color filter plate, this kind material allowed light to transmit within it.Therefore, when the specific pixel of display was lighted by TFT, the polarised light of this transmission of materials was passed through in this liquid crystal material rotation, thereby makes this Shu Guang by the second polarization filter device.

In the forsequential color display, display panel is scanned three times, and a kind of each time primary colors is assisted the correlated color light of same sensing display panel.For example, for producing one 20 hertz color framing, active matrix must be with 60 hertz frequency drives.In order to reduce flicker, people expect to use 180 hertz frequency drives active matrix to produce 60 hertz coloured image.Surpass 60 hertz, visible flicker will be lowered.

Because the defective of amorphous silicon, other alternative materials comprise polysilicon, perhaps laser recrystallization silicon.Why these materials are limited is because they use silicon Already on glass, and this can limit at low temperatures further processing of circuit usually.

Be used for the display integrated circuit such as above-mentioned color sequence display, becoming becomes increasingly complex.For example, the color sequence display is designed to the high resolution displayed TV format, this form needs 1280 * 1024 pel array, the pel spacing of this pel array, or connect distance between the lines of adjacent row or row pixel electrode in 15 to 55 micrometer ranges, and be fabricated on single five inches wafers.

Summary of the invention

The present invention relates to miniscope, particularly small size high-resolution liquid crystal display, and the method for making this display.For example, this display has and has 72,000 array of pixel electrodes at least and less than 200 square millimeters active area.

In one embodiment, digital printer comprises the control circuit that is used for obtaining electronic image and handles this image, is used to receive the active matrix liquid crystal display from the image that was tailored of control circuit, and is used for illuminating backlight liquid crystal display.Can with lens with the image focusing of display on the plane of taking pictures.

In one embodiment, the active matrix color monitor is the color sequence display system, and backlight be that Tricolor LED (LED) is backlight.Photographic film is placed on the plane of taking pictures.

In one embodiment, the instant picture photography camera comprises a charge-coupled device (CCD) that is used for document image.Control circuit obtains electronic image and handles this image from CCD.Active matrix liquid crystal display is used to accept processed images and light-emitting diode (LED) device illuminates this LCD.Lens the image focusing of LCD on the plane of taking pictures.

In several embodiment, pixel electrode array comprises to be 320 * 240 array at least and to have active area less than 160 square centimeters.In another embodiment, to comprise be 640 * 480 array to the magazine pixel electrode array of digital printer or instant picture photography at least.

In one embodiment, portable communications system comprises the shell that has transceiver.Placing in the enclosure lens is received in the image that forms on the active matrix liquid crystal display and this image is amplified at least 2 times.The digital printer that shell has is used to be printed on the image that forms on the LCD.

In an embodiment of this portable communications system, at least one pair of LCD is arranged, first LCD is used to watch, and second LCD plays the effect of the light valve door that is used for figure punch.In an embodiment of this portable communications system, shell has an instant camera with the charge-coupled device (CCD) that is used for document image.Control circuit obtains image and this image is sent to digital printer from CCD.

In an embodiment of digital printer, printer comprises the control circuit that is used to obtain electronic image and this image processing is arrived a plurality of pixels.Each pixel all has at least 2 kinds of colors to particular level.Drive circuit is driven into the voltage that equates with first mesomorphic state to whole arrays of this active matrix liquid crystal display pixel electrode, optionally pixel electrode is transformed into the voltage that equates with second mesomorphic state that depends on the particular level relevant with one of color then.The light source relevant with each color illuminates this LCD.

In an embodiment of an instant camera, comprise the charge-coupled device (CCD) that is used for document image.Control circuit from CCD obtain electronic image and these image processing to a plurality of pixels.Each pixel all has at least 2 kinds of colors of particular level.Drive circuit is driven into the voltage that equates with first mesomorphic state to whole arrays of this active matrix liquid crystal display pixel electrode, optionally pixel electrode is transformed into the voltage that equates with second mesomorphic state that depends on the particular level relevant with one of color then.The light source relevant with each color illuminates this LCD.Lens the image focusing of LCD to the photograph plane.

In several embodiment of digital printer and an instant camera, lens LCD to image focusing on the photograph plane.Light source is that the light-emitting diode (LED) with three kinds of colors is backlight.Level a kind of or more colors are zero.

In a kind of method that produces printing, comprise the step that a digital picture is divided at least two each all relevant electronic images with a kind of particular color.Every kind of relevant electronic image of color will be processed to a plurality of pixels.Each pixel has the particular level relevant with the certain relevant color.Whole active matrix liquid crystal display pixel electrode array is driven to the voltage that equates with first mesomorphic state.Pixel electrode optionally is transformed into the voltage that equates with second mesomorphic state that depends on the particular level relevant with one of color.The light relevant with particular color throws so that the image of LCD is thrown on sensitive paper by LCD.Depend on particular level, repeat optionally electrode to be transformed into the voltage that equates with second mesomorphic state, and the light of projection several particular level relevant with one of color.This process is repeated to carry out at other colors.

In a kind of method of display image, image is written into the LCD with a plurality of pixel electrodes, thereby causes liquid crystal to move on the specific picture position.The light source flash of light is to illuminate display.Pixel electrode is set to specific electric field strength so that caused liquid crystal to move to the direction or the position of expectation before next image is written into.Write, process luminous and that be provided with produces conceivable image.

In one approach, image is a coloured image, image write with two or more after write step is repeated in the multiple color each color of flash of light relevant.Light source each the flash of light after and next image be written into before the switching opposite electrode voltage.LCD is to have at least 75,000 pixel electrode and less than the display of 160 square millimeters active area.

In several specific embodiments, active matrix color sequence LCD has active matrix circuit, opposite electrode plate or layer, and the liquid crystal layer that inserts.Active matrix circuit has the transistor circuit array that forms in first plate.Each transistor circuit all is connected to a pixel electrode, and this pixel electrode is in having the pixel electrode array of 200 square millimeters or littler area, and its area is preferably in below 100 square millimeters.The opposite electrode plate stretches in being parallel to second plate of first plate, and bears institute's making alive.Liquid crystal layer is sandwiched in two cavitys between the plane.Cavity is along being less than 3 microns with first and second vertical axial degree of depth of plate.

In several embodiment, oxide layer stretches between pixel electrode array or liquid crystal material layer.Oxide layer has first thickness in the outer peripheral areas of pixel electrode array, and the pixel electrode area of extending on pixel electrode array has the second more thinner thickness.Thick outer peripheral areas (about in a preferred embodiment 0.5 micron) is used for isolating better the drive electrode that is integrated in the display circuit.More thinner oxide regions (about 0.3 micron) is used for reducing the voltage drop on the oxide layer in the display running.This is used to need not the voltage that applied on the rising liquid crystal from drawing more power such as the power supply of battery.

A kind of method of control liquid crystal is anti-phase to eliminate the dc voltage that forms on the liquid crystal material incoming video signal.Though it is a common schema that row replace the row of receiver, video and anti-phase video anti-phase, people recognize that pixel or frame are anti-phase better at some nodes now.The method for optimizing of the liquid crystal in the another one control display is to begin to locate to switch the voltage that is applied to the opposite electrode panel in subframe.Except eliminating asymmetrical voltage, the technology of switching the voltage that is added to the opposite electrode panel after each subframe has also improved contrast.

Except switching is added to voltage on the opposite electrode, also have some other technology can be used to improve picture quality on the display, these technology can with the voltage handoff technique in conjunction with or be independent of the voltage handoff technique and use.As everyone knows, the consistency of brightness on the temperature effect liquid crystal response of miniscope, particularly liquid crystal and the display, color of image.

Another kind of can be independent of or and switch method that the voltage of opposite electrode is used in combination be after flash of light backlight pixel from V _PIXELBe initialised to V _COMAlong with pixel electrode is set to V _COMIf the liquid crystal relevant with this pixel is in certain other state, then liquid crystal begins to relax towards clear state.The liquid crystal relevant with each pixel all in relaxation, rotate to clear state, be written into and received signal or the voltage relevant up to this pixel with that image.Because pixel is sequentially written into, from be written to for first pixel flasher than there being the longer time from being written to last pixel flasher.The major part that first pixel will exhaust write cycle after receiving video signals to be arriving the position of its expectation, and pixel is initialised to V _COMMinimum effect will be had.Yet, receive its signal at last, and be initialized as limpid and have if not before the pixel to the associated liquid crystal of limpid rotation is receiving its signal, will being limpid or approximate limpid at that state.In this several preferred embodiments, the orientation of liquid crystal makes its relaxation bleach than driving time that blackening uses still less.Therefore, in the end pixel is limpid or when limpid, the response time that drives blackening is black than pixel and is relaxing towards limpid rapider.The display initialization is so that liquid crystal to the state rotation that the longest time of needs could arrive, is a clear state in a preferred embodiment.Will be after single pixel element is set up more near the settling position after light source luminescent.

The character of liquid crystal material is subjected to the liquid crystal temperature influence, and for example, the distortion time of twisted nematic liquid crystal material is shorter when liquid crystal material is warm.By understanding liquid crystal temperature, the moment and brightness and the minimizing power dissipation of duration to obtain to expect of flash of light backlight can be set.

Liquid crystal may be heated in other several embodiment.In a preferred embodiment, display is placed in heating mode, and wherein, a plurality of row are lighted, and voltage drop occurs along line, produces heat.

The temperature of measuring liquid crystal needs extra analog circuit, and this circuit increases the complicated journey of display circuit.What finally want as everyone knows, is the operational property it of liquid crystal but not actual temperature.In a preferred embodiment, carry out the electrical measurement of liquid crystal capacitance, replace measurement, so that need to determine whether heating for temperature.The optics of this liquid crystal transducer response liquid crystal, electricity or other character need and can be activated based on temperature by the response liquid crystal transducer when the duration that heater is opened and heater is opened.

In one embodiment, introduce transducer to determine that whether liquid crystal is near the limpid temperature of the feature of liquid crystal.Limpid temperature sensor just in time is placed in and leaves active display area territory part.When liquid crystal during near the limpid temperature of its feature, the electric capacity of white (limpid) pixel and black picture element combines.

One of advantage that liquid crystal is supposed to is long time constant, and this allows to keep image in some cases and needn't refresh.Though long time constant generally is useful, it may be harmful under the situation that display is closed and is activated after a moment.After the start-up system, the part of previous image may still just exist.

In one embodiment, analog comparator real-time sampling main power voltage.Be lower than the operation circuit and add the level of some surpluses when voltage drops to, for example 90%, display is closed.When closing display, reset signal (PDR ^*) be changed to low.After receiving this signal, display circuit will be added to VDD on all alignments, and activate all lines.An other end of the storage capacitance of each pixel is connected to last line.This discharges into 0 volt to storage capacitance effectively.Common timing will continue two cycles or more, thereby order activates all even numbers and odd-numbered line.This is driven on each pixel 0 volt on the line.

Because storage capacitance is bigger several times than pixel capacitance, the voltage on the storage capacitance will discharge into 0 volt to pixel capacitance.Carve at this moment, display can be removed energy, at store electricity all not residual any electric charge on the pixel capacitance perhaps.

When the miniscope performance increases the miniscope size reduce to make that impossible equipment is occurred before the miniscope invention, or make and possess the equipment that improves performance and occurred.These equipment comprise digital camera, digital printer and improved camcorder view finder.

In one embodiment, miniscope is used to digital camera.This miniscope both had been used to show the image that will obtain, and also was used to show the image that is stored in the digital camera internal memory.

Description of drawings

By the explanation of the preferred embodiment that provides below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, above-mentioned and other purposes of the present invention and feature will better be understood and understand by those skilled in the art, wherein:

Fig. 1 is the perspective view according to a single-wafer of the present invention, forms a plurality of display devices on it;

Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of tube core that is used for comprising in it integrated active matrix flat panel display of optional control signal circuit;

Fig. 3 shows the sequential chart that is used for display control circuit shown in Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 makes and assembles the schematic diagram of this miniscope process;

Fig. 5 A is the schematic diagram of making the process of circuit on the TFT layer to 5D;

Fig. 6 is the viewgraph of cross-section of ITO (indium tin oxide target) layer;

Fig. 7 A has the viewgraph of cross-section that pit is hidden the TFT layer of oxide layer;

Fig. 7 B is the schematic diagram that forms the step in another TFT layer process;

Fig. 7 C is the viewgraph of cross-section of another TFT layer;

Fig. 8 is ITO layer and the decomposition view of TFT layer before assembling;

Fig. 9 is the amplification view of display in the enclosure;

Figure 10 is the schematic diagram that is used for the tube core of another integrated active matrix flat panel display;

Figure 11 A is the schematic diagram that is used for the tube core of another (LVV) integrated active matrix flat panel display;

Figure 11 B is the amplifier section that Figure 11 A illustrates a door;

Figure 12 A is the decomposition view with respect to display backlight;

Figure 12 B is a rear view backlight;

Figure 12 C is the front perspective view backlight that has scatterer;

Figure 13 A is the perspective view of the display apparatus module that assembled;

Figure 13 B is the decomposition view of the display apparatus module that assembled;

Figure 14 A is according to the present invention, is suitable for amplifying the end view of the lens of miniscope;

The viewgraph of cross-section of the display apparatus module that Figure 14 B has assembled;

Figure 14 C provides the end view that vision increases the multiple unit lens of visual field;

Figure 15 shows near the einzel lens that places kinoform;

Figure 16 A is the viewgraph of cross-section that has the back light system of detector;

Figure 16 B is the schematic diagram of LED control circuit;

Figure 17 be pictorial with liquid crystal from limpid be transformed into black and from black to the limpid time;

Figure 18 A is the conversion of the liquid crystal of pictorial voltage and the pixel that is contemplated to be redness;

Figure 18 B is pictorial voltage and first pixel and is used for conversion such as the liquid crystal of the last pixel of the middle color of yellow;

Figure 19 A illustrates according to another preferred embodiment of display control circuit of the present invention;

Figure 19 B illustrates the sequential chart of display control circuit shown in Figure 19 A;

Figure 20 A illustrates the pixel cell of display control circuit shown in Figure 19 A;

Figure 20 B illustrates the part of display control circuit shown in Figure 19 A;

Figure 21 just is being restored to the black pixel of white and the graphic representation that just is being restored to the white pixel of black by the mode that switching is added to the voltage of opposite electrode;

Figure 22 is used for the voltage of display control circuit shown in Figure 19 A and first pixel and is used for graphic representation such as the conversion of the liquid crystal of the last pixel of the middle color of yellow;

Figure 23 A illustrates the sequential chart that has initialized color sequence display;

Figure 23 B illustrates the circuit of all row initializations to same voltage;

Figure 23 C illustrates the sequential chart that is used for the color sequence display, and this display has the LVV that switches the voltage that is added to opposite electrode and pixel is initialized as limpid;

Figure 24 is the graphic representation of the voltage of pixel electrode after power supply is closed and then opens in the prior art;

Figure 25 illustrates the preferred embodiment according to display control circuit of the present invention;

Figure 26 is according to the present invention, the graphic representation of control signal when power supply is closed;

Figure 27 A illustrates another preferred embodiment with display of heated door;

Figure 27 B illustrates the part of display shown in Figure 27 A;

Figure 27 C illustrates another embodiment of the part of display shown in Figure 27 A;

Figure 27 D illustrates the embodiment that another heat drives;

Figure 27 E illustrates and has two another heating embodiment that can select the display of scanner;

Figure 27 F illustrates the liquid crystal response timer array that is positioned at the active display outside;

Figure 27 G is the zoomed-in view of liquid crystal response timer array;

Figure 28 A is the schematic diagram that receives the display control circuit of analog signal;

Figure 28 B and 28C are the schematic diagrames of the element of display control circuit among Figure 28 A;

Figure 29 A illustrates prior art signal path in the display;

Figure 29 B is the sequential chart that the skew between EXCLK and the TCG is shown;

Figure 29 C illustrates delay-locked loop circuit;

Figure 29 D illustrates Phaselocked Circuit;

Figure 30 is the diagram that detects the digital mechanism of the signal in the programmable logic chip;

Figure 31 is the sequential chart of the input and output of circuit among Figure 30;

Figure 32 illustrate with Figure 28 category-A like have the sequential control circuit of PLL restriction;

Figure 33 illustrates another preferred embodiment of display control circuit;

Figure 34 A is a sequential chart; The ratio of subframe and field is 3: 1 among this figure;

Figure 34 A is a sequential chart; The ratio of subframe and field is 4: 1 among this figure;

Figure 34 A is a sequential chart; The ratio of subframe and field is 10: 3 among this figure;

Figure 35 A is the schematic diagram of integrated circuit of receiving the miniscope of digital video signal;

Figure 35 B is the schematic diagram according to the linear feedback shift register state machine of digital signal of the present invention;

Figure 36 is the schematic diagram of data link;

Figure 37 A is illustrated in the data link between video card and the display drive plate;

Figure 37 B is the schematic diagram of digit driver;

Figure 38 A illustrates the LCD response curve;

Figure 38 B is the schematic diagram that has the display control circuit of digital watch;

Figure 39 A is used for the monochromatic time sequence of display device figure that shows;

Figure 39 B1 and 39B2 illustrate another preferred embodiment of display control circuit according to the present invention;

Figure 39 C illustrates the horizontal adjusting ratio by interpolation; Figure 39 D illustrates the vertical resize ratio by interpolation; Figure 39 E illustrates pixel pairing figure; Figure 40 A is the front view of digital camera; Figure 40 B is the rearview of digital camera among Figure 40 A; Figure 40 C is the left view of digital camera among Figure 40 A; Figure 40 D is the right view of digital camera among Figure 40 A; The decomposition view of Figure 41 digital camera that is Figure 40 A in the 40D; Figure 42 illustrates the display control circuit of camera; Figure 43 illustrates the perspective view of a part of field camera of having opened; Figure 44 illustrates the display control circuit of field camera; Figure 45 is the schematic diagram of the fixing overhead display system used in vehicle; Figure 46 is the schematic diagram of the control system of digital printer; Figure 47 illustrates the cutaway view of digital printer; Figure 48 is the schematic diagram of instant picture photography digital camera circuit; Figure 49 A is the front perspective view that has the mobile phone of miniscope; Figure 49 B is the front view that has the mobile phone of miniscope; Figure 49 C is the rearview that has the babyphone of miniscope system;

Figure 50 is the cutaway view of reflected displaying device;

Figure 51 is that silicon is added in the production process on the quartz and the schematic diagram of miniscope;

Figure 52 A is the front, left perspective view of radio individual computer;

Figure 52 B is the front view of the wireless personal communications device among Figure 51 A;

Figure 53 C is the rearview of wireless personal communications device;

Figure 52 D is the additional views of personal radio communication machine to 52G;

Figure 53 is the perspective view that the personal radio communication machine of card is shown;

Figure 54 A is the front, right perspective view of fixing overhead personal communicator.Head dots;

Figure 54 B is the perspective view of the fixing overhead personal communicator that does not have head represented of dotted line;

Figure 54 C is the front view of fixing overhead personal communicator;

Figure 54 D is the top view of fixing overhead personal communicator;

Figure 54 E is the additional views of fixing overhead personal communicator to 54G;

Figure 55 A is the perspective view of formant;

Figure 55 B is the top view of formant;

Figure 56 is the perspective view that has electronic circuit board and remove the fixing overhead personal communicator of battery;

Figure 57 is the schematic diagram at the display circuit of fixing overhead personal communicator;

Figure 58 be the reflected image display cutaway view;

Figure 59 is wireless telephonic top right perspective view, and this radio telephone has display and open at the top;

Figure 60 is wireless telephonic top view, and this radio telephone has display and open at the top;

Figure 61 is the wireless telephonic right view of the band display that opens of top;

Figure 62 is the wireless telephonic bottom view of the band display that opens of top;

Figure 63 is the wireless telephonic top right perspective view of the band display that closes of top;

Figure 64 is that open and the resupinate wireless telephonic top right perspective view that has display of display unit at the top;

Figure 65 is the wireless telephonic bottom perspective view of the band display that opens of top;

Figure 66 is the rearview of the phone that is removed of battery and battery case;

Figure 67 is the radio telephone of band display and the end view of removing the instant printer of a part;

Figure 68 is another the wireless telephonic top right perspective view that has display box and video box;

Figure 69 is the wireless telephonic top right perspective view that has among Figure 68 of video box of upset;

Figure 70 A is another the wireless telephonic front view with the lid that is shown in an open position;

Figure 70 B is a wireless telephonic end view among Figure 70 A, and its lid is positioned at off-position;

Figure 71 A is another wireless telephonic front top perspective view that has miniscope;

Figure 71 B is the rear view of the wireless telephonic end among Figure 71 A;

Figure 72 A is another wireless telephonic diagram that has explorer and beep-pager function to 72D;

Figure 73 is docking station and the wireless telephonic side perspective view that has instant print unit;

Figure 74 is the wireless telephonic end view that is docked at the docking station among Figure 73, and this docking station is analysed and observe to be illustrated;

Figure 75 A is wireless telephonic side perspective view, and this radio telephone has snap on the instant printing device that is spaced from;

Figure 75 B is similar view, and wherein the snap of instant printing device links to each other with radio telephone;

Figure 75 C is the wireless telephonic sectional view that has a clip on instant printer;

Figure 76 A is the wireless telephonic cutaway view that has observer's eye;

Figure 76 B has among Figure 76 A to have a wireless telephonic cutaway view with the instant printing device of clip connection;

Figure 77 is that another has the wireless telephonic cutaway view that connects with clip on printing device;

Figure 78 A is that part is cut open so that show the perspective view of the instant printer of its inside;

Figure 78 B is the cutaway view of the instant printer among Figure 78 A;

Figure 79 A is the schematic diagram of printing device, projection miniscope and film relative motion during image exposure in this equipment;

Figure 79 B is the top view of film among Figure 79 A;

Figure 80 A is the schematic diagram that the instant printer of relative motion is arranged between image generator and film;

Figure 80 B is the end view of Figure 80 A schematic diagram with display unit of lens and miniscope;

Figure 80 C is the end view of Figure 80 B schematic diagram with display unit of miniscope;

Figure 80 D is the schematic diagram of linear pixel array;

Figure 80 E is the schematic diagram that exposure film on the trace line is arranged a series of;

Figure 81 A is the wireless telephonic side top perspective view with docking station of separating;

Figure 81 B is a docking station and be connected wireless telephonic sectional view;

Figure 81 C is the wireless telephonic top plan view that is docked at docking station, and the display in the docking station is in the closed position;

Figure 81 D is the wireless telephonic top plan view that has docking station, and its display is shown in an open position;

Figure 82 A is the wireless telephonic top view that has miniscope;

Figure 82 B is the wireless telephonic bottom view that illustrates among Figure 82 A of camera lens;

Figure 82 C is a wireless telephonic rear view among Figure 82 A and the 82B;

Figure 83 is wireless telephonic end view, and its part of opening is showed miniscope and lens;

Figure 84 A shows miniscope and the observer's eye that uses prism to be redirected image direction; With

Figure 84 B shows miniscope and the observer's eye that uses minute surface to be redirected image direction;

Embodiment

With reference to the accompanying drawings, same mark is represented same element in the accompanying drawing.For example, generally quoting 110 among Fig. 9 illustrates according to a display of the present invention.

A preferred embodiment of the present invention adopts the process of making a plurality of flat-panel monitors 110, in this process, has made a large amount of active matrix arrays on single wafer 114, as shown in Figure 1.

The display odd number order of making on the single wafer depends on the size of wafer size and each display.In a preferred embodiment, the diameter of wafer is not less than 5 inches.The size of each display depends on the size of resolution and pixel electrode.A resolution with about 76,800 pixels (for example array of 320 * 240), be commonly referred to as in the display of QVGA, 0.24 inch of display diagonal-size, the pixel electrode width is 15 microns, active display area is 4.8mm * 3.6mm.The display tube core is of a size of 8.6mm * 60mm.The size of whole display, promptly display bracket is of a size of 15.42mm * 9.86mm among Figure 13 B.On single 5 inches wafers, can make and surpass 150 independently displays of this size, or on 6 inches wafers, make super individual 200 displays.

Another preferred embodiment of display has the resolution of about 307,200 pixels, and (arrays as 640 * 480) are commonly referred to as VGA, 0.38 inch of display Diagonal Dimension, and the pixel electrode width of VGA display is 12 microns.The active display area area is 7.68mm * 5.76mm.The display tube core is of a size of 11.8mm * 8.2mm.Whole display is of a size of 16.97mm * 11.58mm.On single 5 inches wafers, can make and surpass 100 independently displays of this size.

By make a large amount of little high resolution displaies on single wafer, the rate of finished products of manufacturing can fully be improved, and the one-tenth instinct of each display is fully reduced.

Schematically show integrated circuit Active Matrix Display tube core 116 among Fig. 2.Integrated circuit display tube core 116 is cut title square shape by the circuit that is replicated with selected quantity from single wafer 114.Display matrix circuit 118, vertical transfer register 120, horizontal shift controller 122, a pair of

horizontal shifting register

124 and 126 and a plurality of transmission gate 128 and 10 be added into integrated circuit display tube core 116.

The low line 134 of high line 132 of vision signal and vision signal analog video signal from the digital-to-analogue amplifier be carried to be positioned on the display matrix circuit 118 and under transmission gate 128 and 130.In a preferred embodiment, the transmission gate on the display matrix circuit is a p raceway groove transmission gate 28, and is connected to the high line of video (VIDH) 12.The transmission gate 130 that is positioned in a preferred embodiment under the display matrix circuit 18 is n raceway groove transmission gates 130, and is connected to the low line (VIDL) 134 of video.

Transmission gate 128 and 130 is by horizontal shifting

register

124 and 126 controls.P raceway groove transmission gate 128 is by high-level shift register 124 controls, and n raceway groove transmission gate 130 is by low-level shift register 126 controls, shown in embodiment among Fig. 2.

Horizontal shifting register

124 and 126 is by 122 controls of horizontal shift controller.

Horizontal shifting register

124 and 126 is selected the section of vision signal or the row that bit will be sent to, and this will do further explanation below.

Display matrix circuit 118 has a plurality of pixel cells 138.For example, in the QVGA display, by the individual active pixel cell in 76,8000 (320 * 240).May be counted as the active additional pixels unit of right and wrong in addition, this explains below.Each pixel cell 138 has transistor 140 and pixel electrode 142.Pixel electrode 142 and opposite electrode 144 and place (above-mentioned) liquid crystal layer 146 collaborative works between the two are formed for producing the pixel capacitance 148 of image, and this can find out in Fig. 9 capitally.

Except as mentioned above, outside the row by horizontal shifting

register

124 and 126 selective reception signals, also need to select row.Vertical transfer register 120 is selected row.The line 150 of drawing from vertical transfer register 120 is connected on each grid of triode 140 to light this row pixel.When one-row pixels is lighted, and row 152 are when being selected by one of

horizontal shifting register

124 and 126, and single pixel is selected, and vision signal drives the liquid crystal of this pixel or make the liquid crystal of this pixel be able to relaxation.

Miniscope 110 has the image of lining by line scan with progressive mode.In the preferred embodiment of QVGA, image be scanned or the voltage of pixel electrode by setting by pixel cell.Make odd-numbered line or even number line receive VIDH signal 132 and another row (being even number line or odd-numbered line) horizontal shifting register 126 reception VIDL signals 134 with horizontal shifting register 124, two pixel cells once can be set, and this will be below with reference to Figure 11 explanation.As everyone knows, all other configurations as shown in figure 10 can be used under display section of being divided into and situation about being provided simultaneously.If display adopts a plurality of VIDH and VIDL input, it also is known that then a plurality of pixel electrodes can be scanned in the same clock cycle.

Display matrix circuit 118 has row reset circuit 154.Row reset circuit 154 both had been used to reset below with reference to the power-off of Figure 24 and Figure 25 explanation, also was used to the initialization below with reference to Figure 23 A and 23B explanation.During initialization, the voltage of row reset circuit 154 each pixel electrode 142 is set to cause liquid crystal to relax towards pellucidity to voltage.As following illustrated, row reset circuit 154 used before each subframe or frame.

Fig. 3 shows the sequential chart that adopts the anti-phase miniscope of row.Vision signal is used as actual signal and anti-phase signal sends to IC display tube core 116.P raceway groove transmission gate 128 as shown in Figure 2 receives actual video (signal), is driven between the common electric voltage (V that is applied on the opposite electrode by the pixel of these power supplies _COM) and supply voltage source (V _DD) between voltage.N raceway groove transmission gate 130 receives anti-phase video (signal), is driven between V by these pixels of powering _COMAbsorb (V with supply power voltage _EE) between driven.In a subframe, a row receiving video signals and adjacent row receive anti-phase vision signal.In next subframe, switch the row of receiving video signals and anti-phase vision signal.After in entire frame is scanned display and when exist allowing the delay of liquid crystal distortion, flash of light backlight is with the exploded view picture.Further specify the delay that allows the liquid crystal distortion below.In a preferred embodiment, V _DDBe approximately 11 volts, V _EEBe approximately 2 volts, V _COMBe approximately 7 volts.At voltage signal center voltage (VVC) and V _COMBetween have small voltage difference so that in liquid crystal, hold an offset voltage.The technology of switching each video that lists is called as the row inverse technique, and it helps prevent and form dc voltage on liquid crystal material, prevents from addition to crosstalk.Except be listed as anti-phase, other similar inverse technique have the row anti-phase, frame is anti-phase and pixel inversion.

Other the feed-in vision signal by different way and the sequential chart with the exploded view picture backlight that glistens are discussed below.

Flat-panel monitor is also referred to as miniscope 110 and is assembled by several main installation step, wherein has several steps in each installation step.With reference to figure 4, wafer 114 is SOI (silicon on the insulating barrier) wafers of having arranged integrated circuit display tube core 116 on it.Display circuit 116 is transferred to sheet glass 158 and is peeled off from wafer 114.The back side of display circuit 116 is through handling.Except display circuit 116, also made ITO (indium tin oxide) wafer 160, as shown in Figure 6 with opposite electrode 144.Display circuit 116, ITO wafer 160 and liquid crystal 146 are mounted to and show assembly parts 162.Show that assembly parts 162 are mounted to load module 164.

Fig. 5 A shows the formation of IC display tube core 116 to Fig. 5 D.One of the triode 140 that display matrix circuit 118 is shown as Fig. 5 A with dielectric substrate 174 on film monocrystalline silicon layer 172 form together.Film monocrystalline silicon layer 172 on the dielectric substrate 174 can form by the crystallization again of silicon layer, or employing is tied to second the wafer binding procedure formation with silicon wafer of oxidation insulating layer to first silicon wafer.Second wafer is thinned with formation and is suitable for making silicon (silicon-on-insulator) structure on the insulating barrier of display circuit and becomes visually transparent substrate." the making the method for active matrix pixel electrode " by name of submitting on March 21st, 1994 about the additional details of the making of display, application number is NO.08/215, " the reflective miniscope of color sequence " by name submitted in 555 U.S. Patent application and on November 10th, 1998, application number is NO.08/966, in 685 the U.S. Patent application description is arranged, it is NO.5 that last application is authorized to become the patent No. on January 6th, 1998,705,424 United States Patent (USP).The full content of two applications is by being incorporated in this paper in this citation.Thermal oxide 176 has also covered the part of film monocrystalline silicon layer 172.Dielectric substrate 174 is by 178 carryings of silicon (Si) wafer.

On dielectric substrate 174 and thermal oxide 176, formed Si as anti-reflecting layer ₃N ₄Layer 180 is shown in Fig. 5 B.At Si ₃N ₄Formed polysilicon pixel electrode 142 on the layer 180, and contacted with film monocrystalline silicon layer 172.

With reference to figure 5C, on circuit, form boronation phosphoric acid silex glass (BPSG) layer 184.A part is corroded and adds the aluminium electrode.With reference to figure 5D, on aluminium electrode and bpsg layer 184, formed one deck SiO ₂Phosphorus trichloride silex glass (PSG) 188.The black matrix 190 of titanium (Ti) is placed on the triode as shadow shield.On entire wafer, formed passivation silica 1 92.Wafer is that next assembling process is ready.

In a self-contained process, formed ITO wafer 160 with opposite electrode 144.Fig. 6 shows the ITO wafer with glassy layer 198 and opposite electrode 144 (ITO layer).

After circuit and ITO wafer 160 formed, both were ready for combining.Then, shown in Fig. 7 A, circuit devcie 116 is transferred on the visually transparent substrate 204.Transparent bonding agent 206 is used to circuit is fixed on the substrate 204.In the patent No. is NO.5, understands bonding agent 206 in 256,562 the United States Patent (USP) in more detail, and its content is introduced into herein by reference.As Fig. 5 A to shown in the 5D, dielectric substrate 174 initial accompanying layers, promptly Si wafer 178 is removed.

Shown in Fig. 7 A, the position etching dielectric substrate 174 on pel array 142 is also referred to as buried oxide layer.The buried oxide layer on pel array is not peeled off, has therefore produced a series of pits 208.In a preferred embodiment, buried oxide layer is that 0.5 micron and the pit areas on pel array are thinned to 0.2 to 0.3 micron.Only, need not trade off, just improve the voltage that is applied on the liquid crystal because of the back door effect of transistor (TFTs) by the attenuate pel array.

Fig. 7 C and Fig. 7 B show another integrated circuit display tube core 116.With reference to figure 7B, dielectric substrate 174 is etched, has formed Si on dielectric substrate 174 and thermal oxide 176 ₃N ₄Layer 180.At Si ₃N ₄Formed polysilicon pixel electrode 142 on the layer 180, and contacted with film monocrystalline silicon layer 172.The remainder of wafer forms with method described above.

After this, shown in Fig. 7 C, circuit devcie 116 is transferred on the visually transparent substrate 204.Dielectric substrate 174, it is etched to be also referred to as buried oxide layer.Shown in Fig. 7 B, buried oxide layer is thinned, up to reaching Si ₃N ₄Layer 180.Si ₃N ₄Layer 180 is handled by wet etching phosphoric acid and is removed.Pixel electrode 142 contacts with liquid crystal 146.

As everyone knows, dielectric substrate 174 can will be positioned to etching on the position on the silicon wafer 178 at pixel electrode 142.Si ₃N ₄Layer is positioned on the silicon wafer 178.After circuit devcie 116 is transferred on the visually transparent substrate 204, without the attenuate buried oxide.Si ₃N ₄Layer 180 is removed like that by described above.

A series of pits 208 shown in Fig. 7 A can be handled with wet etching phosphoric acid is thinned to Si ₃N ₄Layer 180 also is known.

SiO _xAlignment films 210 is deposited on buried oxide and the opposite electrode, shown in Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 A.Alignment films 210 is by the such liquid crystal of aiming at that illustrates below.

As shown in Figure 8, framework bonding agent 212 is placed around each display area.In addition, place silver paste on a bit in certain of each display, so as in conjunction with the time opposite electrode be connected to circuit.As described below, stay hand-hole and be used to inject liquid crystal.The framework bonding agent has a plurality of place kick.The diameter of place kick is 3 to 4 microns.TFT glass and opposite electrode glass are pressed together.Place kick is guaranteed when applying binding pressure, spaced apart 1.8 microns of interlayer.There is not place kick in the active matrix zone.The wafer that combines is then toasted.Though used place kick in a preferred embodiment, should be realized that, adopt and also can make the display that does not have place kick such as other location technologies of (location) post.

After the baking, two sheet glass are respectively TFT glass 204 and opposite electrode glass 198 and are rule and disconnect.Two glassy layers are rule at opposite two ends and are disconnected, and stagger so that TFF glass 204 seems to be offset to the right with respect to opposite electrode glass 198, as shown in Figure 9 again.

Individual monitor is placed in the supporting disk, and immerses in the liquid crystal to fill the space between buried layer and the opposite electrode.Liquid crystal 146 is between alignment films 210.Hand-hole is injected into then.This is the final step of display assembling.

Module assembling comprises: connect flexible cable 214, a pair of polarizer 216 and they are fixed on the module 218.With reference to figure 9, show the cutaway view of display 110.For clarity sake, be not shown to scale display unit, only show a pixel cell, some pixel cell is not illustrated.Display 110 has and comprises by between wherein the liquid crystal layer 146 active matrix part 220 from opposite electrode 144 isolated pixel cells 138.Each pixel cell 138 has triode 140 and pixel electrode 142.If active matrix need to be used to the projection of high-luminance light, active matrix part 220 may have the shadow shield 224 of aluminum with protection triode (TFF) 140.Opposite electrode 144 is connected to circuit to remainder by solder joint (solder bump).Matrix 220 is retrained by a pair of glass substrate 198 and 204.Another is placed in beyond the active matrix part 220 glass plate 228.Glass plate 228 quilts and polarizer 216 are spaced apart.This spatial limitation goes out insulating barrier 230.The module 218 of display 110 is the two-piece casings that comprise active matrix part 220, glass plate 228 and polarizer 216.Room temperture rubber vulcanization 232 helps these unit are remained on the position suitable in the casing.

With liquid crystal layer 146 opposite sides, each in the glass substrate 198 and 204 all has one of polarizer 216.Polarizer 216 can move to the outer surface of glass plate 228 from glass substrate 198 and 204.By polarizer liquid crystal further away from each other, any defective in the polarizer material 216 is all not obvious to user's eyes.Because the user focuses on the liquid crystal material, and by polarizer material 216 away from liquid crystal, it is removed from user's depth of field.

In order to make liquid crystal response faster, the distance between opposite electrode and the oxide layer is 2 microns at pit 208 places.Between these two unit narrow distance cause twisting so that the liquid crystal that light passes through still less.Yet distance narrow causes the problem of adding, and the viscosity that comprises some liquid crystal makes that to fill display very difficult.Therefore, select suitable liquid crystal to require to estimate liquid crystal property.

The characteristic that much must consider is arranged when selecting desirable liquid crystal.Some characteristics comprise applicable temperature range, briefingence (delta n=n _e-n ₀), the viscosity and the resistivity of working voltage, liquid crystal.For viscosity, kinematic viscosity and rotary viscosity are two fields will checking.Spend in the temperature range of 70 degree 0, preferable range is the rotary viscosity that is lower than the kinematic viscosity of 40 centipoises (cp) and is lower than 200cp.

Another characteristic that will check is delta n when selecting liquid crystal.The value of delta n depends on interstitial void and at the liquid crystal pretilt angle on two surfaces.The tilt angle on two surfaces is subjected to being deposited on the SiO on buried oxide and the opposite electrode _xThe influence of alignment films.To two microns gap, delta n is best more preferably greater than 0.18,0.285 delta n.Need different delta n for big gap.For 5 microns gap, the expected range of deltan is 0.08 to 0.14.

Except viscosity and delta n (Δ n), the threshold voltage of liquid crystal and voltage retention also are the standards that will check when selecting liquid crystal.In a preferred embodiment, threshold voltage is lower than 1.8 volts, preferably about 1.2 volts.Voltage retention is more preferably greater than 99%.

Other desired characteristics are to aim at easily and to stability and the high light intensity of UV.If desired, can also comprise delta n so that obtain lower viscosity and lower working voltage.

In a preferred embodiment, selected liquid crystal is super fluorine material [SFM, (superfluoriated material)].In a preferred embodiment, selected liquid crystal is one of the TL203 that sells of Merck and MLC-9100-000.

Liquid crystal has formed the chemical chain that stretches between two surfaces.SiOx alignment films 210 shown in Fig. 7 A is deposited on buried oxide 174 and opposite electrode 144 or the pixel electrode 142, and in a preferred embodiment, opposite electrode 144 is 90 degrees to each other the angle among Fig. 7 C.210 pairs of liquid crystal of alignment films 146 carry out prealignment.The thickness of alignment films 210 is approximately 500 dusts.

Depend on the voltage on the related pixel electrode, liquid crystal chain distortion or non-warping.The distortion of polarization plates causes liquid crystal to move between white or limpid and black or dull state relatively.

In the relation that depends on liquid crystal and polarization plates, liquid crystal can seem limpid and dark when the relaxation position, also can be dark or limpid under negative load condition on the contrary.In a preferred embodiment, liquid crystal seems limpid in the relaxation position, seems dark at negative load condition.

As described above, miniscope 110 may have the active matrix array of varying number pixel.Figure 10 schematically shows another circuit Active Matrix Display tube core 240 that is used for (640 * 480) pixel display.Different with the embodiment shown in Fig. 2, display is divided into simultaneously and four quadrants of feed-in independently.Integrated circuit display tube core 240 has display matrix circuit 242, a pair of vertical transfer register 244, horizontal shift controller 246, four horizontal shifting registers 248 and a plurality of transmission gates 250.

From the analog signal of digital-to-analogue amplifier by one of four video signal cables 252 be carried to be positioned on the display matrix circuit 224 and under transmission gate 250.Integrated circuit display tube core 240 has the row reset circuit 254 that is similar to row reset circuit 154 discussed above.The display matrix circuit has the unit of being discussed with reference to figure 2 above being similar to, and illustrates in more detail in Figure 20 A.

As everyone knows, no matter in little or big array, as 480 * 320 and 1280 * 1024, people expect display subregion and the single zone of drive." color display system that is used for camera " by name that another explanation with display of multichannel driver was submitted on September 30th, 1997, sequence number is No.08/942, please middlely describe in 272 the United States Patent (USP), whole contents is here introduced by reference.

Figure 11 illustrates the integrated circuit display tube core 258 of the miniscope that is used for the low-voltage video, in the low-voltage video video from a side, i.e. Figure 11 top, feed-in display even column, and the video of odd column is by from the opposite side feed-in.Display matrix circuit 260, vertical transfer register 120, horizontal shift controller 122, a pair of

horizontal shifting register

124 and 126 and a plurality of transmission gate 262 be merged in integrated circuit display tube core 258.Transmission gate 262 can be realized with the N raceway groove 1020 and P raceway groove 1022 triodes of a pair of complementation.

A pair of video signal cable 264 is sent to transmission gate 262 to analog video signal from a logarithmic mode amplifier 356, and this is further discussed with reference to figure 39B.Transmission gate 262 is by horizontal shifting

register

124 and 126 controls.

Horizontal shifting register

124 and 126 is by 122 controls of horizontal shift controller.Horizontal shifting register is selected two row, and the vision signal of input sends to this two row to the bit of vision signal or section.Different with the integrated circuit display tube core shown in Figure 10 with Fig. 2, one is write simultaneously in two pixels at odd column of even column.

Display matrix circuit 260 has a plurality of pixel cells 138 that are similar to front embodiment.Each pixel cell 138 has transistor 140 and pixel electrode 142.Pixel electrode 142 and opposite electrode 144 and liquid crystal layer 146 collaborative works of inserting (placing between the two) are formed for producing the pixel capacitance 148 of image, and this can find out in Figure 20 A capitally.

Except selecting row, also to select row by horizontal shifting register 124 received signals.Vertical transfer register 120 is selected row.The line 150 of drawing from vertical transfer register 120 is connected on the grid of each transistor 140 to light this row pixel.When the pixel of delegation is lighted, and two row 152 are selected by horizontal shifting

register

124 or 126 respectively, and then these two pixels are selected, and vision signal drives liquid crystal or make the liquid crystal of this pixel cell be able to relaxation.

Different with the integrated circuit display tube core 116 shown in Fig. 2, though still have two horizontal shifting registers and two video signal cables, each video signal cable both receiving video signals also receives anti-phase vision signal.The every frame of signal or every subframe are switched, and it is anti-phase to be called as frame.In addition, the voltage (V of opposite electrode _COM) every frame or every subframe are switched as the following describes.Integrated circuit display tube core also has row reset circuit 154.In the low-voltage video (LVV) that will be described in more detail below, switch the voltage of opposite electrode and when subframe begins, carry out initialization.Though integrated circuit display tube core 258 quilts and the LVV that write simultaneously to two pixels discuss together, both are not interdependent each other.

In a preferred embodiment, watch image on the miniscope 110 by seeing through liquid crystal 146 flashes of light or illuminating liquid crystal 146 from the back side.Figure 12 A, 12B and 12C show back light system 266.

The decomposition view of a preferred embodiment of back light system 266 with respect to display 110 has been shown among Figure 12 A.A plurality of LED 270 backlights are fixed on the circuit board 268.Preferably provide three kinds of colors with three LED.Circuit board 268 with LED 270 is supported by shell 278 backlight.Between shell 278 backlight and display 110, can optionally use brightness enhancing films together with scatterer 282, as " BEF " film that can obtain from 3M company.Shown in Figure 12 B and 12C, circuit board 268 is fixed in first side of shell 278 (original text is 270), defines active area backlight by scatterer 282 on second side of shell 278.

Miniscope 110 is connected with lens combination 284 with back light system 266.Figure 13 A is the perspective view of the display module 286 that assembled.Decomposition view 13B shows in detail the unit of system 286.Back-reflector is placed in one of available epoxy bonding agent or a plurality of intermediate plate 288 and is fixed on the shell backlight 278 on the display 110, display is supported by display bracket 290, and support 290 also can be used for defining the visual boundary of the display active area that the user sees by transparency window 292.Usually the transparency window 292 that is considered the part of lens combination 284 is supported by optics support 294.Optics support 294 is gone back clamping color correction unit 296 and lens 298 in addition.Optional second lens also can be placed on the optics support 294.

Optics support 294 slidably is placed on the outer cover unit 300.The pin 302 that optics support 294 has is connected to support 294 on the ring 304, drives optics supports 294 so that encircle 304 rotation around optical axis 306.Ring 304 is clamped to also fixing display support 290 of supporting bracket 308 on the outer cover unit 300, and display bracket 290 is called as module 218 in Fig. 9.The volume of the display apparatus module that has assembled 286 shown in Figure 13 A and 13B is less than 15 cubic centimetres.

The display apparatus module 286 that has assembled and closely cooperate such as the external shell of view finder shell 862, as shown in figure 43; Or cooperate with other device housings described herein, for example shown in Figure 41.These little high resolution displaies need amplify so that distinct image is provided when being handed in the scope of 0.5 inch to 10 inches of distance eyes of user by the user.

With reference to figure 14A, show the image that is used to amplify miniscope 110, by the lens 298 of 294 supports of optics support shown in Figure 13 A and the 13B.For diagonal is 0.24 inch miniscope QVGA (1/4th VGA 320 * 240), and in a preferred embodiment, lens 298 have the external diameter of about 30.4mm and at the thickness 314 of the about 8mm in optical axis 206 places.Lens 298 have inner surface 316, and inner surface 316 receives light and has the curved surface diameter of about 21.6mm from display.Observation surface 318 has about 22.4 diameter 320.The external margin 322 of lens 298 is used for support of lens 298 in optics support 294, and has the thickness 324 of about 2mm and the radius 328 of about 4mm.Though in a preferred embodiment, the third rare making of lens 298 usefulness, it also is known that lens 298 can adopt polymeric material or glass manufacturing.The specific examples of such lens has the visual field of 16 degree and the RED of 50mm (eye relief distance).

Figure 14 B is another viewgraph of cross-section with display apparatus module that has assembled 286 of lens 298.Unshowned lens 298 and transparency window 292 and color correction unit 296 are clamped in the optics support 294 together among Figure 14 B.

Shell 278 backlight has three LED 270.Miniscope 110 is in the module 218 that places between support unit 300 and the shell backlight 278.

Figure 14 C shows another preferred embodiment with 1.25 inch diameter lens combinations 330 of bigger visual field.Image on three lens units 332,334 and 336 amplifying displays 110.

Color correction unit 296 may be transparent molding plastics kinoforms, and it has and has the wavy surface of phasing being introduced the belt step of incident light.In the structure of preferred embodiment 296, the color correction unit 296 that einzel lens 298 is placed adjacent to kinoform, be used for QVGA display 110 is placed, in Figure 15 centimetre being that unit illustrates this structure.Kinoform 296 can adopt molding third rare made, to form a sunk surface 296a facing to lens.Has the antireflecting coating that improves transmissivity on the 296a of surface.Sunk surface is divided into the zone of a plurality of different radiis and width.Each zone is separated by the step on surface.The QVGA display preferably has 150 to 300 zones, and 640 * 480 display has 500 to 1000 zones.

Other embodiment of optical system that are used for color monitor, are illustrated in 058 the U.S. Patent application for NO.08/565 in the nineteen ninety-five number of sending in one's application on November 30, and its whole contents is combinedly by reference come at this.Additional detail about the optical system that is used for color monitor is NO.08/565 on November 10th, 1997 by the application number that Jacobsen etc. submits, 058, the U.S. Patent application of " miniscope that is used for portable communications system " by name is illustrated, and its whole contents is combined by reference as a whole at this.

When producing image, as following illustrating in greater detail, the distortion of liquid crystal pixel section and non-distortion, and the LED 270 of back light system 266 needs Be Controlled, LED270 glistens to produce image as the following describes.In addition, for flash of light, people may expect to change light intensity.

After LED was produced, to given electric current, the light intensity of every crowd or each LED will be different.When attempting the color of red, the blue and green three kinds of LED of balance, a kind of technology is to connect a potentiometer and adjust to obtain suitable white balance to each LED.

Figure 16 A is the viewgraph of cross-section with back light system 340 of detector 342.Back light system 340 has the shell backlight 278 that has connected circuit board 344 and scatterer 282.A plurality of LED 270 are connected on the circuit board 344.Detector 342 is placed in the opposite one side of circuit board 344.Aperture or glass rod 346 allow light to pass circuit board 344 from LED 270 and arrive detector 342.In a preferred embodiment, detector 342 usefulness silicon are made.As everyone knows, can adopt other visible light sensor, as the light resistance material.

Figure 16 B is the schematic diagram of circuit 348 of the electric current of control LED 270.Circuit 348 has display logic circuit 350, its multiplexer 352 control LED 270 by selecting LED 270.In a preferred embodiment, multiplexer 352 is parts of display logic circuit 350.Multiplexer 352 is by 350 controls of display logic circuit.Below with reference to miniscope 110 display logic circuit 350 is discussed further.

Except being connected to multiplexer 352/LED 270, display logic circuit 350 is also connected to memory 354.In a preferred embodiment, memory is 24 bit memory of predetermined value with light intensity grade of red, blue, green LED 270.Digital-to-analog converter 356 receives digital value and produces the analog signal of representing the light intensity grade from memory 354.

Brightness controller 362 can be used to adjust the analog signal from converter 356.In a preferred embodiment, brightness controller 362 may be the potentiometer that is positioned at the output of converter 356.In another embodiment, brightness controller may be connected to the full scale control of converter 356.

Feedback control circuit 358 is comparing from the signal of detector 342 with from the analog luminance signal of converter 356 or brightness controller 362, and produces the output signal of giving LED current driving circuit 360.Feedback control circuit 358 is adjusted its output signal, so that the LED light intensity that detector 342 is measured conforms to the light intensity value of being set by converter 356 and brightness controller 362.In a preferred embodiment, LED current driving circuit 360 uses transistor 366 and resistor 368.

Though people's desired display device is bright more good more under most of environment, particularly under bright daylight, the situation that exists some to wish to reduce display brightness makes and uses the people of display to keep its night vision, on as in the night the aircraft or steamer.

The backlight of display is converted to night or low-light background mode from normal mode.Under normal mode, be used for the LED of normal mode, as be used for the single amber or White LED and the redness, blueness and the green LED that are used for the color sequence display of monochrome display.

For daylight operation, " daytime " LED will open so that display is readable under daylight environment.If can reducing to provide, ambient light level decline, LED light intensity has the image of observing comfortable brightness.In some place, require to reduce the LED luminous intensity and will cause closing " daytime " LED and open " night " LED with low-light background.The further reduction of display brightness will cause " night " LED light intensity to reduce, up to reaching certain minimum value or being closed at this LED of some place.With reference to figure 16B, bias light transducer 369 connects brightness controller 362 to change the light intensity of LED 270.Bias light transducer 369 is also connected to display logic circuit 350 so that display logic circuit 350 can switch to monochrome " night " LED.

Improving display brightness will in contrast, comprises at first raising " night " LED brightness, is closed and " daytime " the crossover point that LED is opened up to certain " night " LED.Further improve display brightness and will only improve " daytime " LED brightness.

Depend on the environment that miniscope is placed, " night " LED or red LED or blue-green LED.Although red be considered to better to the night vision that keeps the people, be to use night during prospecting tools, redness is easier to be detected.

As everyone knows, the night illumination light source can or never send in the class light source of infrared or near-infrared frequency and selects, and perhaps inserts between light source and the remaining structure at night and can remove colour filter infrared or the near-infrared frequency.

Though the brightness of light source, pattern or color may depend on bias light, the rank of bias light does not generally influence the color sequence that describes below and handles.Discussed above and be used for circuit backlight.The circuit of control display 110 is discussed below.

The display device structure that is used for monochrome or color sequence display generally has identical pixel pitch and size.This all has the color monitor of other types of independent pixel different with the red, green and blue look.The difference of display is light source rather than miniscope 110.In monochrome display, need single source, three different light sources (for example red, blue and green) are wherein arranged in the color sequence display.Because three kinds of different colours are arranged, every kind all must glisten producing most of images, and people may expect to keep LED to open illustrated or allow light-emitting diode (LED) pulsed operation as following.

In the forsequential color display, display screen is scanned three times, and every kind of primary colors once.For example, for producing the color framing of 20Hz, must use 60Hz frequency drives active matrix.Yet in order to reduce flicker, people wish to drive the frame frequency that active matrix has per second 60 frames, because when surpassing 60Hz, visible flicker is lowered.In a color monitor, preferred frame frequency is minimum per second 60 frames, and this causes per second 180 subframes, because every frame has a redness, a blueness and a green sub-frame.One frame is only arranged but not the monochrome display difference of three subframes, frame frequency may be higher, and in a preferred embodiment, frame frequency is per second 72 frames.Although so it is similar with the display that is used for monochromatic demonstration in fact to be used for the display of color sequence demonstration as can be known, subframe needs faster to obtain result desired in the color sequence frequently in fact.

Refer again to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, vertical transfer register 120 and

horizontal shifting register

124 or 126 advance Active Matrix Display 110 to image scanning, and vertical transfer register 120 is selected first row, successively decreases line by line;

Horizontal shifting register

124 or 126 all is written into up to full line by column selection.

In the row rp mode as the preference pattern of integrated circuit display tube core 116 shown in Figure 2, the video of each pixel cell 138 is in that high line 132 enters the video of p raceway groove transmission gate 128 and low line 132 enters between the anti-phase video of n raceway groove transmission gate 130 and switches from signal from signal.In every row, switch back and forth to anti-phase video, prevent from buried oxide 174 and liquid crystal 146, to form dc voltage from video.

After first row were finished, vertical transfer register 120 vertical transfer registers 120 were selected second row.This lasts till that last column is selected.

Horizontal shifting register

124 or 126 is by column selection, and to the last last row in the delegation are written into.Therefore between the time that first pixel (i.e. first row, first row) and last pixel (be last column, last is listed as) are written into, a certain hour delay is arranged.In a preferred embodiment, approximately be 3 milliseconds from writing first pixel to the delay of writing last pixel.

Showing during as the assembling of top discussion miniscope 110, liquid crystal is the variation of response voltage at once not.Figure 17 shows the delay of liquid crystal response.The state of liquid crystal 146 depends on and is commonly referred to as V _PIXELThe voltage of 370 pixel electrode 142 and be commonly referred to as V _COMThe voltage of 372 opposite electrode 144.As shown in figure 17, in frame 378, V during beginning _PIXEL370 equal V _COMDo not have voltage drop on 372 liquid crystal, see through polarizer and observe, liquid crystal 146 is limpid, shown in transparent print.Work as V _PIXEL370 reach voltage+V or-during V 374, voltage drop or voltage difference are arranged on the liquid crystal; Seen in frame 380, liquid crystal is driven blackening.

Variation is not instant, because liquid crystal will be spent the certain hour rotation.This time is the function that comprises the Several Factors of liquid crystalline type and temperature.So voltage is illustrated in switching because at the voltage on the pixel by anti-phase to prevent on liquid crystal, forming dc voltage.

If after reaching stable black state, V _PIXEL370 are set to V _COM372, liquid crystal returns clear state.Be similar to from limpid to black to transformation, this variation neither be instant.Seen in frame 382, the variation from black to the clear state than liquid crystal by when driving blackening with the longer time.Figure 17 shows, becomes limpid than spending more 2.5 times time from limpid turning black from black.In a preferred embodiment that at room temperature uses preferred liquid crystal, drive from the black time of leucismus approximately be 4 milliseconds, and liquid crystal to be used for becoming again the time of white approximately be 10 milliseconds.

As indicated in top,, require per second 180 subframes or every subframe less than 6 milliseconds in order to reduce the flicker of color monitor.Therefore in per second 180 subframes, liquid crystal can't become limpid in a subframe from black.

Figure 18 A illustrates the example of an expectation red image or pixel.The top voltage V that illustrates pixel electrode 142 _PIXEL370.Voltage V _PIXEL370 are set to make liquid crystal to be in relaxation to become the voltage limpid or blackening of driving liquid crystal.People expectation liquid crystal when red LEDs flash limpid and when green or blue led glisten liquid crystal be black or opaque.Therefore, in order to obtain red pixel, the voltage V of pixel electrode 142 _PIXEL370 are set to V in the subframe 384 relevant with the redness flash of light of lamp _COM, and in the subframe 386 relevant, be set to another voltage with green and blue flash of light.For the miniscope 110 with per second 180 subframes, eyes mix the opaque cycle of redness flash of light with dimness, produce a red pixel.

If liquid crystal is limpid in the first subframe 384a at the beginning, it can be driven blackening in the relevant subframe 386a of next flashed green.In the subframe 386b relevant with the blueness flash of light that follows, display circuit continues to drive the liquid crystal blackening.When the display circuit of that pixel the voltage V of this pixel electrode 142 _PIXEL370 are set to V _COMThe time, liquid crystal is allowed to relaxation.Yet liquid crystal 146 does not as shown in the figure reach clear state before subframe 384b finishes.In figure shown in Figure 18 A, liquid crystal only become about 50 (50%) percent limpid.At next subframe 386c, promptly in the green sub-frame, liquid crystal 146 is driven blackening once more.Therefore, the liquid crystal of this red pixel never reaches its complete clear state before flash of light.Always do not reach maximum brightness or contrast.

For the color sequence display, even when showing still image, display also be dynamic because display order through red image, green image and blue image.

Refer again to Fig. 3, if liquid crystal has that enough fast response is twisted or be non-warping, perhaps subframe is the longer time cycle, as it is terminal represented to write frame, even the pixel that is written at last 388 also will be placed in the final position before the LED flash of light.But, liquid crystal not response shown in Figure 18 A, be to prevent glimmer required subframe or frame speed to allow to set soon enough.Because pixel is sequentially written into, first pixel 390 is written into (that is, be driven distortion or allow relaxation) prior to last pixel 388 certain hour.In a preferred embodiment, the time that writes between first pixel 390 and last pixel 388 is about 3 milliseconds.

Therefore, the liquid crystal 146 relevant with last pixel 388 and with first pixel 390 relevant liquid crystal 146 did not have the same response time before flash of light backlight.

Because different in the distortion of the liquid crystal at two pixel places, the light that different amounts are arranged are by liquid crystal, so contrast, brightness, colour mixture may change to another angle from a jiao of display.For example, if display has the Neutral colour such as yellow at first pixel and last pixel place, then color will can not be same.

Figure 18 B shows by allowing redness and flashed green to forbid that blue flash of light produces an example of yellow pixel.Figure 18 B explanation, for red sub-frame and green sub-frame, vision signal is the voltage V of each pixel electrode 142 _PIXEL370 are set to V _COM,, be made as another voltage for blue subframe.Therefore, for blue subframe, the video that pixel is set for redness and green sub-frame, allows its relaxation, to drive the pixel blackening as square wave is represented.The first subframe 392a among Figure 18 B, in the promptly blue subframe, the liquid crystal that first pixel 390 and last pixel 388 are shown all is in stable black state.First pixel 390 receives its signal at the place that begins of red sub-frame 394a, and liquid crystal begins relaxation.Last pixel 388 receives its signal after a time, and liquid crystal begins relaxation constantly at that, is 3 milliseconds in a preferred embodiment during this period of time.When LED glistened, the liquid crystal 146 of being correlated with first pixel 390 and last pixel 388 had been in different points in limpid transformation, thereby produces the redness of varying level.At embodiment shown in Figure 18 B, the color that the next one will glisten is green, therefore with first and last pixel 390 and 388 relevant pixel electrodes 142 in subframe 396a transformation, do not changing voltage.Therefore, with first and the related liquid crystal of last pixel 390 continue to become limpid.When being green LED flash of light, two pixels 390 and 388 liquid crystal are on the difference of limpid transformation, and therefore the green of varying level is arranged.In addition, because flashed green takes place after the redness flash of light, liquid crystal has the more time to change, and the amount of visual green is greater than the amount of visual redness, thereby causes general green yellow.

Still with reference to figure 18B, next subframe is blue

subframe 392b.Pixel

390 and 388 is driven blackening.First pixel 390 receives its signal once more near subframe begins to locate, and because in a preferred embodiment, liquid crystal is with 3 milliseconds of blackening, so liquid crystal 146 was a black before the blue led flash of light.Last pixel 388 receives its signal near the frame end, and when when blue led glistens still in blackening.Therefore, last pixel 388 blueing in yellow in the subframe 392b.

At next frame, promptly among next red sub-frame 394b, liquid crystal 146 is in relaxation, and gradually becomes clear.Last pixel is by blackening in front, and therefore, when it becomes clearly, last pixel will be later than first pixel once more.

Figure 19 A represents display control circuit 400, and it is used to realize the LVV method.This digital control circuit 400 obtains piece image and shows this image at miniscope 110 from the source end.Digital control circuit 400 has the processor 402 that receives view data at defeated 404 places.Processor 402 sends to memory 406 and/or flash memory 408 to data by sequential control circuit 410.View data may be multiple form, comprises serial or parallel numerical data, analog rgb data, mixed data or s-video.Processor 402 is at the view data configuration that receives, and this is known technically.In the preferred embodiment shown in Figure 19 A, signal is digital, perhaps before entering sequential control circuit 410, be converted into the numeral.

Sequential control circuit 410 is from processor 402 receive clocks and control signal.Sequential control circuit 410 had both been controlled miniscope 110, also controlled back light system 266.Sequential control circuit 410 sends to backlight 266 to control signal along many lines 411.From the control signal of sequential control circuit 410 according to the image on the miniscope 110, the flicker of control LED 270.The moment, duration and the light intensity of LED 270 flashes of light are controlled.

View data is sent to miniscope 110 through digital-to-analog converter 412 from sequential control circuit 410.Simulated image data/signal sends along two paths.One of path makes signal pass through inverter 412.Analog video signal and anti-phase analog video signal the two one of by feed-in miniscope 110, switch input on each subframe by switch 416.In addition, enter display 110 and be added on the opposite electrode 144 common electric voltage (V _COM) switch between two values by switch 418.Be used to switch video and V to display _COM Switch 418 and switch 416 by frame control line 420 control from sequential control circuit 410.

Sequential control circuit 410 along the line 422 and 424 transmits control signal to display 110, as vertical starting impulse, vertical clock, horizontal starting impulse and horizontal clock.Line 428 ready, reset, WE, output enable, color enable, address and data-signal bootstrap memory 406/408 transmit with the picture frame of control to display 110.

In conjunction with Figure 19 A together with reference to figure 19B, the voltage of opposite electrode 144, i.e. common electric voltage (V _COM) between two voltage, switch.Vision signal actual video signal and anti-phase between switch.Anti-phase different with the row among all anti-phase embodiment of the vision signal of the every row in front, in LVV, vision signal is that every frame is by anti-phase.

In a preferred embodiment, V _COMVideo high voltage (V at 6 volts _VH) and 1.5 volts video low-voltage (V _VL) between switch.Therefore, V _COMBe called as V _COMThe high voltage V of HIGH _VHBe called as V _COMThe low-voltage V of LOW _VLBetween switch.Video voltage is at V _VHAnd V _VLBetween the fluctuation.Supply voltage source (VDD) and supply power voltage leak (VEE) all from V _VHAnd V _VLDepart from 1.5 volts, promptly VDD is that 7.5 volts of VEE are 0 volt.These depart from or upper end surplus (clear space) has improved the conductivity of pixel transistor under the opening and reduced the leakage of pixel transistor under the closed condition.

At V _COMBe height, as among the frame 432a, actual video signal is scanned or writes 434 matrix circuits/miniscope 110.Allowing liquid crystal 146 to remaining time of desired position distortion or postpone after 436, flash period 438 appears, and LED-backlit 266 flashes of light therebetween are with the exploded view picture.

At next frame, promptly subframe 2, before the 432b, and V _COMStep-down.Along with V _COMSwitch to low-voltage, the image that just has been scanned is wiped free of, because the change in voltage on the pixel.Yet,, can't see picture drop-out because flash period 438 finishes and LED-backlit 270 is not opened.

V in frame 432b _COMWhen low, anti-phase vision signal is scanned or writes 434 matrix circuits/miniscope 110.Similarly, after remaining time 436, flicker cycle 438 appears, that refresh with displaying or brand-new image.

Before next frame 432c, V _COMUprise.Along with V _COMSwitch to high voltage V _COMHigh, the image that has been scanned is wiped free of.Follow V _COMHigh, actual video signal are written into 434 miniscopes 110.Occur postponing and the LED flash of light.

Figure 20 A shows the schematic diagram of pixel cell 138.Pixel cell 138 has transistor (TFT) 140, and video is by transistor (TFT) 140 feed-ins.Transistor (TFT) 140 is by the signal controlling from vertical transfer register 120.

Have the storage capacitance 442 of holding electric charge, and in a preferred embodiment, storage capacitance 442 is connected to another line 150, a promptly last line (N-1).In addition, near the liquid crystal 146 the pixel electrode 142 play electric capacity 444 and effect resistor 446.Buried oxide 174 between pixel electrode 142 and liquid crystal 146 plays the effect of second electric capacity 446.Has common electric voltage V _COMOpposite electrode 144 switch back and forth as described above.

If display is a color monitor, backlight 266 the LED 270 different color of sequentially glistening.In addition, three screen scannings, 270 1 of each color LEDs comprise a frame and every frame, every subframe V _COMSwitch.

Time of delay before the flash of light beginning and flash time are fully shown in Figure 19 B.But, be time of delay (delay of liquid crystal response time) or flash time may all depend on the particular color that will glisten.Depend on whether the liquid crystal relevant with the pixel that will write at last has the grace time distortion so that particular color can be in sight time of delay.Flash duration, or the point that glistens and must be terminated depend on whether the relevant liquid crystal of first pixel that will write with next frame twists so that from light backlight to the observer as seen fully.

Shown in Figure 19 A, depend on the color that will glisten, sequential control circuit 410 can change flash duration and delay or response time.In addition, backlight 266 electric current also can be changed to adjust the light intensity of this color.If wish, color control line 520 can be added on the sequential control circuit 410 to allow the user to change color.

In a preferred embodiment, V _COMPer 5 to 6 milliseconds of fluctuations once.Write/scan image approximately uses 3 milliseconds.About 0.5 millisecond of LED flash time cycle.From writing last pixel to a latent period is arranged about 0.5 millisecond flash of light, as Figure 19 B is represented.As everyone knows, depend on the led color that will glisten, people change time of delay or change the length that LED glistens before may being desirably in the LED flash of light.

Writing with littler storage capacitance needs less time, therefore can adopt littler pixel TFT.If liquid crystal has enough fast response, storage capacitance (device) can be eliminated, and liquid crystal capacitance becomes storage capacitance.In addition, if there is not storage capacitance, then the aperture might be bigger.Have the aperture ratio of bigger aperture and raising, for the identical cycle backlight, image will be brighter, or for same image brightness, used gross power is lowered.

With reference to figure 20B, show the schematic diagram of the amplification of the part of display control circuit of Figure 19 A and a pixel 138.Pixel 138 is by selecting the horizontal shifting register 124 of row 152 and select the vertical transfer register 120 of row 150 to charge by opening transmission gate 262.Video is written into this pixel and liquid crystal begins distortion and visually becomes transparent.After this display is written into and before the LED flash of light, a delay has been arranged, V _COMThe voltage that is opposite electrode 144 is switched to low or just the opposite by frame control circuit 420 from height.Simultaneously, vision signal is switched to anti-phase video or just the opposite from actual video, and the video of next frame will be switched like this.

Liquid crystal can twist to become or visually transparent or visually opaque.The orientation of polarizer influence liquid crystal whether be driven bleach, transparent or dark, opaque.

With reference to Figure 21, the Figure 45 2 at top shows every frame opposed electrode voltage V _COMSwitching.In a preferred embodiment, voltage switches between 6 volts and 1.5 volts.V resets _COMChanged the reference voltage of pixel 138.

Second line 454 shows the vision signal of switching between actual video and anti-phase vision signal.Vision signal is the voltage of representative black from representing limpid change in voltage.In a preferred embodiment, work as V _COMWhen being 1.5 volts of low-voltages, limpid voltage will equal V _COM, 1.5 volts, and in a preferred embodiment, the voltage of black is 6 volts.The representative of second line departs from V _COMThe vision signal of the black of 4.5 volts of voltages of voltage.

The voltage deviation of two lines in a specific pixel unit in the middle of Figure 21.Article two, in the line, top 456 illustrate the pixel that is written as black and following line 458 shows and is written as limpid identical pixel.

With reference to the 3rd line 456, be limpid when pixel begins, promptly the variation between pixel electrode and opposite electrode is zero.When at this pixel selection after the suitable row and column, pixel electrode voltage is set to be offset V _COM4.5 volt, promptly 1.5 volts, wherein in one embodiment, V _COMIt is 6 volts.Liquid crystal begins to be driven to dull position.After the certain hour section, pixel has been written into and LED is glistened.Work as V _COMBy when 6 volts switch to 1.5 volts, represented as article one line 452, the skew of this pixel electrode changes to zero from 4.5, thereby causes liquid crystal to return limpid direction.When vision signal is written into pixel when driving its blackening once more, this vision signal is offset 4.5 volts once more, but it is 6 volts a vision signal in this case.The LED flash of light takes place after the certain hour section.V _COMJump to 6 volts from 1.5 volts once more, the skew between pixel electrode and the opposite electrode is returned to zero, and liquid crystal begins relaxation and returns limpid.This mode continuous repeats.

Being written as the 4th line of limpid pixel with reference to illustrating among Figure 21, is black when pixel begins, V _COMAnd the variation between the video is 4.5.When pixel electrode is written as when limpid V _COMAnd the skew vanishing between the pixel electrode, and liquid crystal begins after limpid position rotation certain hour section the LED flash of light.When the voltage of opposite electrode by when 6 volts switch to 4.5 volts, the skew between the pixel electrode becomes 4.5 volts from zero, and liquid crystal begins to be driven blackening.When then pixel electrode was written into, the voltage of pixel electrode was set to 1.5 volts and equates with opposed electrode voltage and zero offset voltage, returns clear state thereby liquid crystal begins relaxation.After the certain hour section, LED is glistened.When the voltage of opposite electrode then by when 1.5 volts switch to 6 volts, the skew between the pixel electrode becomes 4.5 volts from zero once more, and the liquid crystal relevant with this pixel quilt is driven to black.When the vision signal of this pixel is written as white, voltage is set to 6 volts, and the skew between the pixel electrode is zero, and liquid crystal begins relaxation and goes back to limpid position.This mode continuous repeats.

The vision signal of the 5th line 460 represent pixels among Figure 21.For simple and clear, the vision signal of entire frame is constant, although only be correlated with in the vision signal of the time cycle relevant with pixel.The first subframe 464a, vision signal will drive the liquid crystal blackening, thus signal voltage departs from V _COMOr 1.5 volts 4.5 volts.In next subframe 464b, the signal that write is limpid, thereby voltage is set to V _COMVoltage is because V _COMBe 1.5 once more, so voltage is still 1.5 volts, because V _COM1.5 volts have been switched to.The 3rd subframe 464c, video is set to limpid once more, still, because V _COMSwitched to 1.5 volts from 6 volts, what vision signal was same jumps to or is converted to 6 volts from 1.5 volts, thereby skew is retained as zero.Shown in the 4th subframe 464d in, vision signal is written into so that pixel becomes black again, thereby in a preferred embodiment, video need be from V _COM4.5 volts of variations, and in this subframe V _COMBe 1.5 volts, and video is set to 6 volts.

Article six,, promptly the line 462 of bottom illustrates the video of using the pixel that writes in the appropriate location by vertical line 472 indications of void from the video of top line 460.Depart from opposed electrode voltage zero volt when video pixel begins, be written into black up to opposite electrode, thereby add 4.5 volts skew.Be driven, twist blackening with pixel 138 relevant liquid crystal.Flash of light is by vertical line 474 indications of void.But, because pixel electrode is driven, so liquid crystal has turned to black, so can't see red flash of light.Switch to after 1.5 volts from 6 volts at opposite electrode, pixel begins to relax towards limpid, because the variation between opposite electrode and the pixel is zero.After pixel electrode was written into, it was written as limpid, but voltage has had zero offset, so do not change.When flash of light appears in subframe 464b,, see flashed green in this pixel because liquid crystal has turned to limpid position.

The place that begins at subframe 464c switches to after 1.5 volts from 6 volts at opposite electrode, and the voltage of pixel electrode and the skew between the opposite electrode are 4.5 volts, thereby liquid crystal begins to be driven to black state.When pixel electrode is written as limpid (white), the voltage of pixel electrode is set to 6 volts, and wherein the skew of this voltage and opposite electrode is zero relatively, and liquid crystal begins relaxation and returns limpid.When flash of light took place, liquid crystal was moving to clear state and is seeing blue LED light.

The place that begins at next subframe 466a switches to after 1.5 volts from 6 volts at opposite electrode, and the skew between opposite electrode and the pixel electrode is 4.5 volts, and liquid crystal begins to be driven blackening.When pixel electrode is written as black state once more, the voltage of pixel electrode does not change, thereby when flash of light took place, liquid crystal stopped light and can't see red LED, thereby can see green and blue lamp sends blue-green.

Be similar to shown in Figure 18 B, Figure 22 illustrates by switch the voltage of opposite electrode 144 after each subframe, produces yellow pixel for first and last pixel.Although a frame is called redness, green and blue subframe, the color of first flash of light and order only are a kind of preferences.The video of this pixel is set to drive the pixel blackening for blue subframe 468b, allows its relaxation for red sub-frame 438r and green sub-frame, and is represented as square wave.In first subframe of Figure 22, promptly among the subframe 468b, the liquid crystal that first and last pixel are shown all is in stable black state.First pixel 390 begins the place in red sub-frame and receives its signal, and liquid crystal begins relaxation.Last pixel 384 receives its signal over time, be 3 milliseconds during this period of time in a preferred embodiment, and liquid crystal begins relaxation in that time.When red LEDs flash, the liquid crystal relevant with last pixel with first pixel is on the difference of clear state conversion, thereby produced the redness of the varying level shown in Figure 18 B.But different with the embodiment of front, the switching of opposed electrode voltage resets to black to limpid pixel.This is represented by the trailing edge between red sub-frame 468r and the green sub-frame 468g.

The next color that will glisten is green.First pixel begins the place at green sub-frame 468g and receives its signal, and liquid crystal begins relaxation.Last pixel receives its signal over time, be 3 milliseconds during this period of time in a preferred embodiment, and liquid crystal begins relaxation in that time.When green LED was glistened, the liquid crystal of two pixels was on the difference of clear state conversion, thereby produced the green of varying level.But, different with the embodiment of front, compare with red LED, before the green LED flash of light, liquid crystal does not have the more time conversion, because the every frame of the voltage of opposite electrode all switches.So look more consistent, because first all has same red green color-ratio with last pixel.

Still with reference to Figure 22, next frame is blue subframe 468b.By switching opposed electrode voltage V _COM, pixel is driven blackening, and is represented as the slope between green sub-frame 438g and the blue subframe 468b.Different with previous embodiment, first pixel 390 and last pixel 388 all are added to opposed electrode voltage by switching simultaneously and are driven blackening.When independently pixel was written into, this pixel was written as black, did not therefore change.Therefore when blue led glistened, last pixel 388 was not to change.Be added to the voltage V of opposite electrode along with switching _COMAlthough, still have different brightness from top to bottom, solid colour.

In another embodiment, for a new LVV display, the storage capacitance 422 of each pixel cell 138 is connected to black matrix" 190 but not previous line 150.Utilization is connected to the storage capacitance 422 of black matrix" 190, and miniscope 110 can top-down or bottom-up advancing.Because video data is digitally stored, video also can be by top-down scanning, bottom-up then scanning with entire image is on average gone out to write and glisten between time.

Be the color purity that obtains, liquid crystal is finishing its conversion to appropriate state before the stabilization sub stage or during the stabilization sub stage, shown in Figure 23 A.Otherwise mesomorphic state is subjected to the position of the liquid crystal of previous subframe, the influence of state (for example, flashed green will depend on its state in the red stage)." colour cast " effect at first occurs in the bottom of liquid crystal, because those pixels are updated during write phase 472 at last.

As noted above, LVV (low pressure video) switches voltage and following discuss initialized in conjunction with product that is added on the opposite electrode 144.

Before initialization occurs in image is write display.Initial phase (Init) 478 is just before write phase 472, shown in Figure 23 A.In this embodiment, initial phase 478 has utilized liquid crystal to bleach and different fact change-over time of deceiving from leucismus from black.One from the black slower preferred embodiment that bleaches, be added to the voltage V of pixel by handle flash of light backlight after _PIXELBe arranged to and opposed electrode voltage V _COMIdentical, all pixels begin the place at field and are initially arrived white states, and this is called as initialization.

In a preferred embodiment, odd column at first is configured to V _COM, even column is set to V subsequently _COMAlong with pixel electrode is set to V _COMIf the liquid crystal relevant with pixel is in certain other state, then liquid crystal begins to relax towards clear state.This starts for those pixel one statures that will be written as limpid (white) pixel, so that 476 needs of stable state are with the same long black change-over time from leucismus faster.(well-known, best initialization will be depended on the details that cooperates such as liquid crystal chemical property, alignment and lattice, and for a given display, be initialized as black, limpid or intermediate grey scales is perhaps better.)

In case be added to the voltage V of pixel electrode _PIXELBe reset to V at initial phase 478 _COM, write phase 472 starts and first pixel receives its signal and begins conversion.Each pixel all receive its signal to the last a pixel receive its signal.The liquid crystal relevant with each pixel in relaxation, rotate to clear state, receive its signal up to specific pixel.The great majority that first pixel will take write cycle are initialised to V with position and the pixel that obtains its expectation _COMMinimum influence will be arranged.But the pixel of receiving its signal at last will be limpid or approaching limpid before receiving its signal.As top pointing out, drive blackening and lack than bleach time of (limpid) usefulness of relaxation.Therefore, along with last pixel becomes limpid, if the response time that drives blackening is a black and need to relax towards the limpid time fast than pixel.

Drive electronic circuit and upgrade all pixels in the array soon.At first, data scanner arrives suitable initialization voltage to all column line drive.Initialisation switch 482 links to each other with each row.Figure 23 B shows the switch of realizing with the p channel MOS transistor.As everyone knows, n channel transistor, complementary MOS to or other configurations can be used.Secondly, select scanner 484 to select multirow simultaneously described as relating to the power-off reset circuit.Control logic is modified to support initialization operation.When power-off resetted, row all were set to V _DD, different with the initialization voltage of initial phase 478.

According to the present invention, the preferred embodiment that we are called low pressure video (LVV) has improved image by overcoming several image quality issues discussed above.Figure 11 illustrates the integrated circuit display tube core 258 that is used for the LVV display.

As everyone knows, switch the voltage V that is added to opposite electrode _COMOr initialization can be finished separately or unites and finish.But in LVV (low pressure video), no matter switching the voltage that is added to opposite electrode still is that initialization all is done.Unite and make lower voltage be achieved and utilize the response time of driving blackening than driving from black bleach fast.

Figure 23 C illustrates a LVV miniscope, and this display had both switched the voltage that is added to opposite electrode, also pixel is initialized as limpid.Different with Figure 21, but be similar to Figure 22, first and last pixel are discussed.Two Figure 45 2 at top and 454 and two figure at Figure 21 top similar.

The Figure 45 2 at top illustrates every frame and switches the voltage V that is added to opposite electrode 144 _COMIn a preferred embodiment, voltage switches between 6 volts and 1.5 volts.Second line 454 is illustrated in the vision signal of switching between video and the anti-phase vision signal.Vision signal is from representing limpid change in voltage to the voltage of representing black.454 representatives of second line depart from V _COMThe black video signal that voltage is 4.5 volts.

The 3rd line 460 and the 5th line among Figure 21 of Figure 23 C are similar, the vision signal of represent pixel.For simplicity with clear for the purpose of, the entire frame vision signal is illustrated as constant, although only be correlated with in the time cycle relevant with this pixel.

In addition, although vision signal is illustrated as or black entirely or all clear is clear, as everyone knows, vision signal may be the level between the centre.For example, if the voltage of vision signal adopts preferred embodiment voltage, be 4 volts, then video is in the gradient between limpid and the black, causes gradient or gray scale.

In the first subframe 486r of the 3rd line 460, vision signal is in the level that drives the liquid crystal blackening, thereby signal voltage is 1.5 volts, departs from V _COM4.5 volt.In next subframe 486g, what write is limpid signal, thereby voltage is set to V _COMVoltage; Voltage is 1.5 volts once more, because V _COM1.5 volts have been set to.Among the 3rd subframe 486b, signal is configured to limpid once more, yet, because V _COMSwitch to 6 volts from 1.5 volts, vision signal similarly from 1.5 volts jump to or anti-phase be 6 volts so that skew is retained as zero.Shown in the 4th subframe in, vision signal will be written into so that pixel will become black again, thus in a preferred embodiment, video need depart from V _COM4.5 volt; V in this subframe _COMBe that 1.5 volts and video are set to 6 volts.

Article four, line 490 and the 5th line 492 illustrate the video of pixel, and it uses the video that is written into pixel from the time separately of the 3rd line 460.Article four, line 490 illustrates the writing of first pixel 390, and pixel 390 is written in miniscope 110.Article five, line 492 illustrates the writing of last pixel 388, and pixel 388 is written in miniscope 110.

Two pixels all are written as black, thereby cause 4.5 volts skew.Pixel T _L388 at a period of time T ₁Be written into afterwards.In a preferred embodiment, write first pixel 390 and the delay that writes between last pixel 388 is 4.2 milliseconds, all are written between wherein pixel in the meantime.

Article six, line 494 and the 7th line 496 illustrate respectively and first pixel cell (T ₁) and last pixel cell (T _L) position of relevant liquid crystal.Flash of light is illustrated by the broken lines.But,,, seen at the 6th line 494 and the 7th line 496, can't see red flash of light so liquid crystal has rotated to black because pixel electrode is driven.

For the 4th line 490 and the 5th line 492, when opposite electrode is 1.5 volts when entering subframe 486g from 6 volts of voltage transitions, voltage is offset between opposite electrode, V _PIXELBe 0, it is clear that liquid crystal begins to become, as at the 6th line and the 7th line.

Because switch the voltage that is added to opposite electrode pixel electrode is arranged to represent limpid voltage, initialization does not change the conversion of pixel electrode or liquid crystal.After pixel electrode was written into, it was write as limpid, is similar to initialized effect, because voltage has had zero offset, so do not change.When flash of light 474 takes place,, as shown in the 6th line 494 and the 7th line 496, on these pixels, see flashed green because liquid crystal has rotated to limpid position.

In next subframe 486b, switch to after 6 volts from 1.5 volts at opposite electrode, shown in article one line 452 among Figure 23 C, the skew of voltage is 4.5 volts between pixel electrode and the opposite electrode, so liquid crystal begins to be driven to black state, as shown in the downward line of the 4th line 490 and the 5th line 492.Seen in online 494 and 496, liquid crystal begins to rotate towards black.But, switch the voltage be added to opposite electrode after very fast all pixels be initialized to limpid position/voltage, as downward line finding in the 4th line and the 5th line.Liquid crystal begins relaxation and returns clear state, shown in the 6th and the 7th line 494 and 496.In a preferred embodiment, initialization is less than in 100 milliseconds after switching is added to voltage on the opposite electrode and takes place.

After two pixel electrodes were written into, pixel was written as limpid, and still, because voltage has been zero offset, the voltage of pixel electrode does not change.Liquid crystal continues relaxation and returns clear state, as at pixel T ₁The 6th line 494 shown in, perhaps, still be retained in appropriate state as what will be written in the 5th line 492 and the 7th line 494 being seen last pixel 388.When flash of light takes place when, pixel T ₁And T _LLiquid crystal stabilized to clear state, as the 6th line 494 among Figure 23 C and the 7th wire jumper 496 findings, and see the light of blue led.

In next subframe 488r, switched back after 1.5 volts from 6 volts at opposite electrode, skew between opposite electrode and the pixel electrode is 4.5 volts, shown in line downward in the 4th line 490 and the 5th line 492, and liquid crystal begins to be driven to black state, shown in oblique line downward in the 6th line 494 and the 7th line 496.

Yet, to switch after the voltage be added to opposite electrode soon, all pixels are initialized to limpid position/voltage, as downward line finding in the 4th line 490 and the 5th line 492.Liquid crystal begins relaxation and returns clear state, seen at the 6th and the 7th line 494 and 496.

First pixel T ₁Liquid crystal before pixel is written into 498, not exclusively return limpid position, as the 6th line 494 findings at Figure 23 C.To pixel T ₁Write 4.5 volts of the opposed electrode voltages that pixel electrode is set to depart from 1.5 volts, respectively shown in the 4th line and the 5th line.Pixel electrode is set to represent that the voltage of black causes liquid crystal to rotate to black.

Last pixel T _LLiquid crystal before pixel is written into 500, thoroughly return limpid position, seen at the 7th line 496.In subframe 488r pixel T ₁Be written as black, shown in the 5th line 492, cause liquid crystal to rotate to black.Because be different from relaxation return limpid, liquid crystal can by very fast driving be black and last pixel T _LAnd first pixel 390 T ₁Relevant liquid crystal was in suitable position before red LEDs flash.But,, can't see red flash of light because liquid crystal has rotated to black.

This process continues.Different with previous embodiment, because each pixel electrode is set to zero offset, this causes liquid crystal to limpid rotation.When image is written into pixel, liquid crystal or limpid or to limpid motion.Because writing last pixel T _LAnd liquid crystal can be by from the limpid black that is driven in the certain hour between the flash of light, so when taking place to glisten, liquid crystal or be in or close on very much desired state.This causes color to have more consistency and contrast and brightness all above previous embodiment.

In LVV, switch the voltage be added to opposite electrode the voltage range that has reduced is achieved.Initialization allows the liquid crystal relaxation relevant with each pixel, rotates to clear state, receives its signal up to this pixel.The great majority that first pixel will take write cycle are initialised to V with position and the pixel that obtains its expectation _COMMinimum influence will be arranged.But the pixel of receiving its signal at last will be limpid or approaching limpid before receiving its signal.As top pointing out, in the embodiment that is discussed, drive blackening and lack than the time of relaxation limpid (white) usefulness.Therefore, along with last pixel becomes limpid, if the response time that drives blackening is a black and need to relax towards the limpid time fast than pixel.(well-known, best initialization will be depended on the details that cooperates such as liquid crystal chemical property, alignment and lattice, and for a given display, be initialized as black, limpid or intermediate grey scales is perhaps better.)

In a preferred embodiment, write 4.2 milliseconds consuming time of each subframe.Shared 1.3 milliseconds of stable, as to glisten, switch the voltage that is added to opposite electrode LVV and initialization.In a preferred embodiment, before the flash of light beginning, be approximately 1.0 milliseconds stabilization time.Although flash energy be extended to next frame write begin the place because LVV influence pixel by beginning to change liquid crystal, so the end of glistening need beginning based on LVV.Yet the use of LVV causes shorter requirement stabilization time.

In another embodiment relevant, write 1.64 milliseconds consuming time of each subframe with tube core among Figure 11.Shared 3.92 milliseconds of stable, as to glisten, switch the voltage that is added to opposite electrode LVV and initialization.In a preferred embodiment, before the flash of light beginning, be approximately 1.0 milliseconds stabilization time.

With reference to Figure 24, normally in service, pixel voltage is in fluctuation.Shown in Figure 20 A, at point (V _A) locate, the voltage between buried oxide and the liquid crystal is followed pixel voltage usually, but because of landing on the buried oxide and liquid crystal resistance (R _LC) due to landing, so will hang down.When power-off, V _DDDrop to zero.Pixel voltage (V _PIX) can not and descend by the discharge of p channel TFT.Be coupled to V _PIXV _ADescend similarly.If through fully long-time, because of R _LCDue to, V _ATo get back to zero.

But if power supply is added back on the display prior to nature discharge time, a part of image can several seconds in sight.When power supply, V _PIXBecome positive, and because V _ABe coupled, it upwards becomes positive and produces black image.Due to RLC, V _AIn a few minutes, recover normal.Even switch the natural capacity that reason that the voltage pattern be added to opposite electrode looks like to be retained and initialization relate to buried oxide.Buried oxide does not have the variation of relevant natural capacity and pixel to cause the DC accumulation.The DC accumulation is the most at last owing to RLC descends.

Figure 25 illustrates display circuit.In this embodiment, digital circuit 506 is used to control the operation of color sequence display.Processor 402 receives the serial digital view data 404, and video data is sent to memory 406 through sequential control circuit 410.Sequential control circuit 410 is from processor 402 receive clocks and control signal, and control signal is sent to backlight 266 and miniscope 110 respectively along line 411 and 422.Line 428 ready, reset, WE, output enable, color enable, address and data-signal boot memory, transmit to display 110 with the control chart picture frame.

Analog comparator 508 real-time sampling main power voltages.Start circuit and add certain by the time, reset signal (PDR when voltage drops to be lower than with reference to the level of 510 surpluses that are provided with ^*) be changed to low.Receive PDR ^*Behind the signal, display circuit will be V _DDBe added on all alignments, and activate all lines, see Fig. 2.Common sequential will continue two cycles or more, thereby order activates all even numbers and odd-numbered line.This is with the V on the alignment _DDSignal is added on each pixel by clock.

Refer again to Figure 20 A, V _DDAlso will be to pixel storage capacitor 442 chargings.As noted earlier, in a preferred embodiment, storage capacitance 442 is connected to last line 150.By activating all even number lines (promptly being driven to low) but not odd-numbered line (promptly remaining height) line, the storage capacitance 442 of even number line will be discharged into zero volt.(V _DDBe the height of logic level).In the next cycle, the odd-numbered line storage capacitance will be discharged.Because storage capacitance is bigger several times than pixel capacitance, the voltage on the storage capacitance will discharge into zero volt to pixel capacitance.Carve at this moment, display can be removed energy, at store electricity all not residual any electric charge on the pixel capacitance perhaps.

Figure 26 illustrates a sequential chart.T1 constantly system power supply be closed, and the discharge that is used as standard under the shunt capacitance excitation when logic continues to move illustrates.At T2 constantly, comparator detection threshold voltage level is also PDR ^*Signal is changed to low.Do not need the logic or the signal that add after the T3, and power supply is allowed to discharge at random.Power-off resets and comprises that row are anti-phase and switch the voltage V that is added to opposite electrode with discussed above _COMPattern work.

Point out the response and the character of the temperature effect display of the temperature of display, particularly liquid crystal as top.

Refer again to Figure 19 A, display circuit has an additional wire, extends to the temperature sensor line 512 of sequential control circuit 410 from display 110.Active matrix comprises a plurality of pixels that are arranged in rows and columns.Heat preferably spreads all over the full and uniform lowland of liquid crystal material and absorbs.But, because the character of the image that just is being shown and the geometry and the environmental condition of display and heater may have local temperature and change.Temperature sensor can be spread all over the active matrix area distribution, this zone comprise active matrix around, contain the turning and place near the active matrix center zone.The sequence number of submitting on December 27th, 1994 that uses of temperature sensor is NO.08/364, is illustrated in 070 the U.S. Patent application, and is incorporated in this paper by quoting as proof here.The corner of the display in Figure 27 A shows temperature sensor 512.Point out that as top temperature sensor can spread all over the active matrix area distribution.

The character of liquid crystal material is subjected to the influence of liquid crystal temperature, and the distortion time that a such example is the twisted nematic liquid crystal material, it is shorter when liquid crystal material is warm.By understanding liquid crystal temperature, sequential control circuit 410 can be provided with the moment and the duration of 266 flashes of light backlight, thereby obtains the brightness of expectation and with minimise power consumption.

Refer again to Figure 20 B, normally in service, 120 of vertical transfer registers start delegation, so have only a pixel to be affected when horizontal shifting register 124 is mobile by row.After last pixel of delegation is addressed, the row of vertical transfer register 120 switching activities.Display 110 can be placed in heating mode, wherein each row 150 lighted and be expert on the voltage drop that produces heat is arranged.In the embodiment shown in Figure 20 B, the end 516 of each line is connected to V _DD, and be driven step-down near an end of shift register, therefore produced the voltage difference of crossing over every line.Heat produces with the speed of P=V2/R, and wherein R is the parallel resistance of line, and V is the voltage difference that follows line.Normally in service, have only the selecteed row of the pixel that will be driven step-down that comprises to produce heat, rather than whole display.

Refer again to Figure 19 B, along with common electric voltage (V _COM) uprise, actual video signal is scanned into matrix circuit.After a delay that makes liquid crystal be twisted to put in place, LED-backlit 266 flashes of light are with the exploded view picture.Before next screen or subframe, appear heating cycle 518, and wherein all lines are actuated to as for along row voltage difference being arranged.Work as V _COMSwitch by frame control line 420 respectively with video and heat can occur when anti-phase, shown in Figure 19 A.Figure 19 B illustrates the heating cycle 518 after each subframe, but the quantity of heating cycle and time may be depended on the liquid crystal temperature of being determined by temperature sensor 51.In cold environment, digital circuit may have the thermoperiod of adding, and wherein heater was opened before writing screen for the first time.

With reference to figure 27A, the schematic diagram of display 110 and digital-to-analog converter 412 is shown.Display has vertical transfer register 120, horizontal shifting register 124 and is similar to the switch 262 shown in Figure 20 B.In addition, different with Figure 20 B, Figure 27 A illustrates heated door 522.

With reference to figure 27B, to having the pixel of p channel TFT, heated door 522 has a series of n channel TFT.Usually when writing display, the row that only is written into is (V=0) that opens.When not writing display, all row are V _DDWhen the n channel TFT is opened, by V _DDBe applied to line 150, cause electric current from flowing to the n channel TFT by this row, and heat dissipate along sliver with vertical transfer register 170 relevant inverters.It is zero V that source electrode is connected to _SSAlso well-known, display 110 may have the evenly row of heating of several extra assistance outside exemplary array.

Equally, for the pixel with n channel TFT, with reference to figure 27C, popular 522 have a series of p channel TFT.Usually when writing display, the row that only is written into is (the V=V that opens _DD).When not writing display, all row are approximate to be zero volt.When being set to zero (0) volt by this door and opening the p channel TFT, at V _DDVoltage drop is arranged on the row.

As everyone knows, comprise switch the voltage be added to opposite electrode and LVV (low pressure video) and the heat energy that adds of display discussed above independently use.Add heat energy and be introduced into the embodiment that describes with reference to figure 2.Though interior heater is better, well-known, independently heater can use with temperature sensor.

In the embodiment shown in Figure 27 B and the 27C, when electric current flows through the generation heat by line 150, on display, produce dc voltage and fall Δ V.The length and the frequency that depend on heating cycle can be set up a DC electric field that influences display performance.Another embodiment shown in Figure 27 D switches the sense of current in the line 150 to reduce or to eliminate DC electric field.

Still with reference to figure 27D, between selection scanner 120 that is also referred to as vertical transfer register and line 150, display has two input AND (with door) doors 526, and the input of one of two inputs of AND is from selecting scanner 120.The other end is heating signal HEAT1 ^*528.The opposite side of every line 150 is connected to two transistor drain, and two transistors are n channel TFT 530 and p channel TFT 532.The grid of each p channel TFT is connected to HEAT1 ^*, 528.The grid of each n channel TFT is connected to the second heating signal HEAT2,534.

Two heating signal HEAT1 ^*, 528 and HEAT2,534 at normal display HIGH and the LOW of being retained as respectively in service.Work as HEAT1 ^*When given (LOW), every line 150 selects a side of scanners to be driven step-down and the right side is drawn high.In this case, as shown in the figure, electric current right-to-left stream.Perhaps HEAT2 given (HIGH) and the right side is dragged down and electric current flows from left to right.HEAT1 ^*Help the balance liquid crystal may be placed in DC composition in wherein any electric field with the switching of HEAT2 heating cycle.

To top embodiment, other pass the line that active region extends, i.e. alignment is not driven to the voltage of setting.In another embodiment, row reset circuit 154 is driven into known voltage to all row to improve the consistency of image in heating cycle.As everyone knows, alignment and the extra line that increases also can be used to heating.

With reference to figure 27E, the bigger displays of great majority adopt a pair of selection scanner that is positioned at the relative both sides of array 536 that vision signal is driven into pixel cell.The sequence number of submitting on September 30th, 1997 is No.08/942, has described two selection scanners in 272 the U.S. Patent application and has been explained in more detail, and this patent whole contents is incorporated in this paper by quoting as proof here.

Have and select scanner that 536 display is all had two input AND doors 526 at each end of every line 150.At a side of display, HEAT1 ^*528 are connected to an input of AND door 526, at the opposite side of display, HEAT2 ^*534 are connected to an input of AND door.

Another embodiment with AND door has the logic that is equal in selecting scanner.

Measure the extra analog circuit of temperature requirement of LCD, this has increased the complexity of display circuit.What finally want as everyone knows, is the operation characteristic of liquid crystal but not actual temperature.Therefore, the electric capacity of liquid crystal carries out the electrical measurement of liquid crystal capacitance but not temperature survey, so that need to determine whether heating.Like this, can start heater, the optics or the electrical properties of this liquid crystal transducer response liquid crystal by the response liquid crystal transducer

Figure 27 F illustrates the liquid crystal response timer 538 that places outside the visible active display 112 of user.This liquid crystal response timer has a plurality of emulation pixels 540 and a sensor amplifier 542, is 8 pixels in preferred embodiment shown in Figure 27 G.The emulation pixel do not need with active region in be onesize.What emulation pixel in a preferred embodiment, was done is enough big with the parasitic capacitance effect in the control miniscope constraint.

Eight pixels are by the group of two four emulation pixels.The voltage of pixel is driven to V _HB(high black), V _W(white) and V _LB(low black).In a preferred embodiment, in a group, two pixels are driven to V _LB, and other pixels are changed to V _WIn another group, two pixels are driven to V _LB, and a pixel is V _HB, other pixels are changed to V _WLiquid crystal is given a time cycle of muching longer than the response time of expection, so that liquid crystal capacitance is stablized.In a preferred embodiment, this time cycle may be above 5 milliseconds.

After electric capacity was stable, two same voltage emulation pixels were changed to V in each group _WTherefore in first group, two have V _HBPixel be changed to V _W, in another group, two have V _LBPixel be changed to V _W, pixel keeps this voltage certain hour, the response cycle time that promptly will check.In a preferred embodiment, the time cycle may be in 1 to 3 millisecond scope.

After this time cycle, just be changed to V _WThose pixels be set up back previous setting.Therefore, in first group, two pixels are changed to V _LB, in second group, two pixels are changed to V _HBRemaining have a V _WThe black voltage setting that the pixel of voltage is changed to other (is V _LB, V _HB).Therefore each group has two and is changed to V _HBPixel and two be changed to V _LBPixel.

To the pixel that will charge, this state is held the sufficiently long time, makes liquid crystal begin to change and electric capacity changes but be unlikely.In a preferred embodiment, this time cycle is approximately 1 millisecond.

At last photo stage, remove driving voltage from the emulation pixel, and four emulation pixels in each group by short circuit together to allow to share electric charge.The sensitization amplifier measuring is by the given voltage Δ V of following equation:

ΔV = (V_{+} - V_{-}) = (V_{HB} - V_{LB}) \frac{(C_{M} - C_{G})}{(C_{M} + C_{F})}

Wherein

C _B=black electric capacity; C _W=white electric capacity;

C _M=the electric capacity that measure; And 2C _G=(C _B+ C _W).

The symbol of Δ V shows C _MWhether be greater than or less than C _GIf Δ V is being for just, C then _MCompare C _GGreatly, and the transformation of emulation pixel from black to white finished fewer than half.That is to say that the response time is greater than the checked cycle.Negative Δ V shows that the response time is faster than the checked cycle.

Preferred embodiment discussed above measures the non-working time change-over time of (from black to white), because this slow than the operating time usually.As everyone knows, above-described method can be transplanted to the operating time measurement easily.

Except having the response time transducer, the display of a preferred embodiment has definite liquid crystal whether just near the transducer of the limpid temperature of feature of liquid crystal.Limpid temperature sensor is placed in outside the active display area territory equally.When liquid crystal during near the limpid temperature of its feature, the electric capacity of white pixel and black picture element merges.

Different with the response time transducer, the limpid temperature sensor of feature does not have onesize pixel.Transducer has two groups of emulation pixels, and wherein every group has a pair of pixel.The area of two pixels of every centering differs a factor-alpha, wherein select α with interested temperature under the known proportion of liquid crystal black state and white states electric capacity be complementary.In each group, the voltage of big pixel is changed to V _W, α times of pixel voltage is V in one group _HB, in another group, be V _LBSimilar with the response time, liquid crystal is given a time cycle of muching longer than Expected Time Of Response, so that the electric capacity of liquid crystal is stablized.In a preferred embodiment, the time cycle may be above 5 milliseconds.

Next step is having V _WThose pixels of voltage are pre-charged to and make every group to have a pixel and be in V _HBAnd another is in V _LBVoltage.This state keeps the sufficiently long time to the pixel that will charge, but unlikely length begins to change and electric capacity changes to liquid crystal.In a preferred embodiment, this time cycle is approximately 1 millisecond.

ΔV = \frac{V_{HB} - V_{LB}}{α C_{B} + C_{M}} (α C_{B} - C_{W})

The symbol of Δ V shows C _MCompare C _BRatio whether be greater than or less than α.If Δ V is negative, then ratio (C _M/ C _B) greater than α, this expression liquid crystal is near its limpid temperature.

Another kind of limpid Design of Sensor adopts single emulation pixel, and this pixel has the circuit that drives its blackening or bleach.The emulation pixel has output with the emulation pixel capacitance and is inversely proportional to the pierce circuit of signal of frequency as the load of emulation pixel.Ratio C _M/ C _BWith the frequency ratio f that under black and white (limpid) state, measures _B/ f _WEquate.

One of advantage that liquid crystal is supposed to is long time constant, and this makes permission in some cases keep image and needn't refresh.Adopt the monocrystalline silicon of CMOS technology that the circuit with utmost point low-leakage current is provided.With the combination of high-quality liquid crystal (LC) material, the low electric leakage of circuit and the high resistance of liquid crystal can produce long time constant.These time constants may be the magnitudes of a few minutes.Therefore, rely on the out-of-work point of scanning circuit during the power-off, can keep residual image.

Different with digital camera, digital mobile phone and other receiving digital datas also/or in-line memory application apparatus, wherein vision signal is by goodish control, from such as the signal of the video equipment of field camera not by better controlled, particularly when short scan.

In addition, intrinsic difference between digital device and the video equipment is that the former has and can and be stored in numerical data in the memory usually, and video equipment has the analog signal generally not being stored in from camera (input) or tape to the memory of the equipment of display.In addition, in some cases, video equipment is the data of interleaved.In the data of interleaved, odd-numbered line at first is scanned, and is even number line then.It is not very fast place (for example, the odd number field refreshes with 60Hz, and even number half-frames refreshes with 60Hz, total refresh rate 30Hz) that the data of interleaved generally are used for video rate.By the switching of odd and even number field, whole display has the data that write display with 60Hz speed, thereby has reduced flicker.

Figure 28 A is the schematic diagram that is used for the display control circuit 546 of analog signal.The signal 548 that is received by display control circuit 546 comprises vision signal and synchronizing signal.Signal sends with two paths, wherein on a paths, and DC reductor reduction black level, and corrected signal importing display 110.Signal is used as video and anti-phase video sends to display.

Also by low pass filter 552, filter 552 separates synchronizing signal signal with vision signal in addition.Synchronizing signal is decomposed into horizontal synchronization 554, vertical synchronization 556 and odd even (E/O) 558 by sync separator 560.These synchronizing signals are transfused to complex programmable logic chip 562.PClk is also by the phase-locked loop 564 input complex programmable logic chip 562 from connecing input level synchronizing signal 554.A plurality ofly comprise that video is clear, the signal of VP, HP 566 is sent to display from complex programmable logic chip or equipment 562.Back light system is also controlled by complex programmable logic chip in addition.

In an exemplary embodiments, sequential control circuit 562 is the equipment such as RC 6100 horizontal clock generating chips (Horizontal Genlock Chip) and Philips's complex programmable logic chip (CPLD).These equipment can comprise several other pieces shown in Figure 28 A and be used to the display generation clock signal such as QVGA LCD.RC 6100 chips receive mixed signal and comprise sync separator, PLL Frequency reuser and timing sequence generating piece.Vertical synchronization (VS), horizontal synchronization (HS) and pixel clock (PClk) from RC 6100 drive CPLD.CPLD has been programmed with realization level and vertical counter and other logic functions.The signal HS horizontal counter that resets, signal PClk increases this counter, and this counter provides the time reference that derives from logic function.The signal VS vertical counter that resets, signal vinc (horizontal counter derives) increases this counter, and this counter provides the vertical time benchmark that derives from logic function.

Display control circuit 546 separates synchronizing signal with vision signal, because this signal enters interface (VIDEOIN) as composite signal.Display control circuit 546 may have a plurality of switches that are used to select NTSC or PAL signal.A switch is selected between signal type.Other switches make the selection between four types of each signal be achieved.

Several in element/circuit of discussing with reference to display control circuit 546 are traditional above.But, be not all elements all be traditional, discuss wherein several below.

Figure 28 B center 568 (can not find 568 among Figure 28 B) expression DC reductor 550.DC reductor 550 is normalized to the normal voltage signal so that be constant voltage with reference to black.In other words, even the DC reductor makes the image of same brightness when having electromotive force between system be achieved or make the AC coupling to be achieved.From DC reductor 568, signal is by filter 578 outputs or remove coloured image from this signal.

Signal enters gamma (gamma) Correction circuit 580 by filter 578, shown in Figure 28 C.Gamma (gamma) adjuster 580 uses pair of diodes 582 and 584 to compensate the nonlinear effect of liquid crystal.Select diode 582 and 584 so that and liquid crystal characteristic coupling.Gamma (gamma) correcting circuit 580 is used as the linear diode 586 of steady drift ground circuit 588 parts and adjusts to central point.Gamma (gamma) Correction circuit 580 comprises the output operational amplifier 590 of driving signal.Be used as video and anti-phase video sends to miniscope from the signal of gamma (gamma) Correction circuit 580.Phase-locked loop 564 and gamma (gamma) Correction circuit 580 has reduced the artefact on the display image, so all images all do not have around around the image the common tangent line that subtracts in existing camera display when showing.

As implied above, in the equipment such as video camera, the signal that display circuit receives is simulated.The part that synchronizing signal is used as video transmits.Previous section has been discussed the improvement of video section.Control signal is described in detail in detail below.

With reference to figure 29A, generally has a key signal path such as the integrated display of active-matrix liquid crystal display.External clock input (EXCLK) 592 is by the internal clocking (INCLK) 596 of clock buffer 594 bufferings with generation control data scanner 598 sequential.Data scanner is similar to the horizontal shifting register among Fig. 2 and Figure 10.Data scanner 598 produces TGC (transmission gate clock) pulse that enables the transmission gate (not shown).Shown in Figure 29 B sequential chart, the sampling that the transmission delay of clock buffer 594 and data scanner 598 causes the rising edge of EXCLK and TGC along between sequential skew.Temperature is generally depended in this skew, and has variation from a display to another obviously identical display.

Figure 29 C illustrates the delay lock loop (DLL) 600 that is used to eliminate skew.Voltage-controlled delay (VCD) unit 602 is inserted into signal path.Feedback path 604 comprises phase discriminator (φ D) 606, and synthesizer 608 control VCD 602 increase delay, overlap up to the sampling edge of TGC and the next rising edge of EXCLK.Like this, phase discriminator 606 and synthesizer 608 are adjusted VCD 602 to keep the zero skew between EXCLK and the TGC.

Figure 29 D illustrates and is used to control another synchronous technology, adopts phase-locked loop (PLL) 610 but not delay lock loop 600.PLL 610 is placed on the integrated circuit display tube core 116 of miniscope 110, and not should with Figure 28 A in complex programmable logic chip 562 in PLL 564 obscure.The voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) 612 that VCD 602 is produced internal clocking replaces.Internal clocking is sent to digital scanner 598 from voltage controlled oscillator 612 through clock buffer 594.For DLL (delay lock loop), adopt feedback loop 604 to eliminate the skew that detects by phase discriminator between EXCLK and the TGC.PLL comprises a second order control ring.The synthetic VCO that is meant of secondary produces frequency and φ D detecting phase.

Field camera and video tape recorder (VCR) have several operational modes, comprise broadcast, record, F.F. and retreating.Two additional modes, promptly fast-forward play pattern and fast reverse play pattern allow the user to quicken to watch image.The frame frequency of these two kinds of patterns still is about per second 60 frames, but vision signal is just being lost only about half of signal.Therefore vision signal is divided into and has the good video and the section of noise, and noise section is the part of video-losing.Very poor when the video that enters, then the image section of signal and synchronous (sync) part all may have the random signal that spreads all over this video flowing, or noise.

Again with reference to figure 28A, synchronously on the composite video of one of (sync) signal in signal 548, be the vertical synchronizing signal 556 that presentation video should begin to repaint from the top of screen.Seek synchronous (sync) separator of vertical synchronizing signal and may think noise by mistake to be extra vertical synchronization, cause frame to begin its scanning prematurely.Extra vertical synchronization causes the good part bob of image.If extra synchronous existence, similar problem also takes place in horizontal synchronization.Because image is signed in the difference of the mode on the screen, this problem is easier being noted in such as the active display of active matrix liquid crystal display (LCD) than in the cathode ray tube (CRT) display.Difference is the shift register among horizontal analog ramp of CRT monitor employing rather than the LCD.

Though horizontal synchronization will attempt to restart row, picture signal generally is a noise, so problem comes into one's own unlike vertical synchronization.The real problem of horizontal synchronization noise is that horizontal synchronization occurs because of what be used to lock phase-locked loop as implied above.If sync separator produces the extra level pulse, PLL attempts to slow down.If sync separator is lost horizontal pulse, PLL attempts to accelerate.PLL becomes unstable and does not lock.PLL will become once more stable with several good horizontal synchronizations.When PLL is unstable, will seem to twist and stagger at the horizontal plane epigraph.How chaoticly become according to PLL, may occupy a lot of row and just become stable.Compromise between PLL locking time and conventional PLL noise or the shake becomes a problem.

With reference to figure 28A, show the part of sequence circuit again.The low pass filter 552 of signal by synchronizing signal is separated from vision signal.Synchronizing signal is transfused to complex programmable logic chip 562.The PClk signal is imported complex programmable logic chip 562 from phase-locked loop 564.Phase-locked loop 564 receives horizontal-drive signal 554.

When receiving that from VCR synthetic video and field camera move with normal playback speed, since which part signal is top system do not have be removed operate as normal.Yet when synthetic video is received with the speed of F.F. or playback, system will be removed by some signal.This noise is interpreted into a kind of vertical synchronizing signal.RC6100 produces a plurality of VS signals, reset vertical counter and cause the vertical irregular formation of image on the LCD panel of these signals.

Figure 30 illustrates the Digital Logic 616 of a detection of vertical synchronizing signal.In the complex programmable logic chip that 8-digit device (ZCTR) 618 is placed in the sequential control circuit 562, drive, and reset by CSync (synthetic lock-out pulse) 622 by the clock of PClk 620.CPLD 616 and CPLD discussed above are similar, but have increased one or more feature discussed below.

As Csync 622 when being high, cause ZCTR 618 to keep count=0.When CSync622 is low, allow ZCTR 618 to increase.ZCT R618 increases and to cause its counting by 2 and continue to increase.Yet Csync 622 becomes height in very short time (such as 4 microseconds) lining usually, and ZCTR 618 reset-to-zeros and will never counting surpass 2 or near numeral 130.

The output of ZCTR 618 arrives a pair of door 624 and 626.When optional network specific digit of ZCTR reception, such as 130 o'clock, a door 624 became height.Another door 626 has an input non-2 (2) and from the output of trigger " q0 " 628.Be sent to OR door 630 with the output of door 624 and 626.

With reference to Figure 31, when CSync622 pulse when to become with low level be main, the ZCTR 648 counting bigger time cycles (such as greater than 20 microseconds), thus count down to a number that presets or surpass this number that presets, such as making trigger " q0 " 648 set at 130 o'clock.Trigger " q0 " 628 keeps being provided with up to Csync 622 and becomes 618 pairs 2 decodings of next ZCTR when high.Trigger when these take place " q0 " 628 resets.Trigger " q0 " 628 generally all is the hold reset state like this, because ZCTR 618 generally can not count down to long enough to reach the number that presets, such as 130, because Csync 622 resets ZCTR 618.

Still with reference to Figure 30, when ZCTR 618 arrived counting 2 (2 counting), trigger " q0 " 628 was by 630 samplings of " one " trigger.This " one " trigger 630 is by OR door 636 received signals, and OR door 636 receives its signal from an opposite house 632 and 634.Door 632 receives input from the output of ZCTR 618 and " one " trigger 630.Another door 634 is from ZCTR 618 and trigger " q0 " 628 received signals.State is stored in " one " trigger 630, arrives another counting 2 (2 counting) up to next ZCTR618.The signal of " one " trigger 630 will be provided with when second sawtooth pulse.If Csync 622 uprised before ZCTR618 count down to 130, then " one " trigger 630 will be cleared.

The signal of " one " trigger 630 is used to as an input or the additional vertimeter number that resets (VCTR) 638 that reset that limit.The signal of " one " trigger 48 and another vertical synchronization (VS) signal 642 are transfused to one two input AND door 640 together.The reset terminal of VCTR 638 is received in the output of this AND door.

With reference to Figure 31, sequential chart illustrates output and input, " q0 " trigger 628 and " 2 " the AND door 628 of CSync622 and the relation between " 130 " AND door 624 of " one " trigger 630.As shown in figure 31, Csync 622 high level signal that short low level pulse is arranged normally.Between sync period, Csync 622 is generally low level.

As seen, 2 counters arrive 2 in each cycle, because CSync622 has the low level part.Counter 130 only is only high level during for low level as CSync622 during set, for example in a preferred embodiment, at 6MHZ, 130 clocks are 21.6 microseconds.Q0 trigger 628 latchs when 130 AND doors are high level.Q0 trigger 628 is checked by one trigger 630 when next 2 count.One trigger 630 and the VS synchronizing signal 642 vertical counter 638 that resets jointly.

Figure 32 is a sequential control circuit 646 like modified more detailed and Figure 28 category-A.Phase-locked loop (PLL) 648 is from CPLD 562 but not original horizontal-drive signal 554 receives its signals.Logic CPLD carries out noise reduction to signal, and produces a flat synchronizing signal of clean water (HS).PLL 648 has a pair of diode 650 that links to each other with the 2.5V power supply.This circuit permission PLL 648 only divides to walk the voltage with the identical size of voltage drop of passing through a diode from 2.5V voltage.

Above this logic be based upon in the CPLD2 and stop the outside VS signal vertical counter that resets.Like this LCD flat panel just can be under the pattern of F.F. and playback framing correctly.

As mentioned above, under certain conditions, people wish that processor quickens receiving video signals, and the playback that scans or be further explained in detail below such as F.F. scans.The phase-locked loop that obtains its signal from vision signal above-mentioned is subjected to more The noise.

As shown in figure 33, in a preferred embodiment, be used to control the sequential that reception and video data from composite signal 548 write frame buffer zone 652 from the sequential of video.

Display control circuit 654 from frame buffer zone sense data 658 second clocks of sequential control circuit control by being arranged in to the sequential of miniscope 110.In some type video, this clock is 27MHZ.The sequential of display one side may be different speed, as 25MHZ.

In certain embodiments, image is scanned in the display, and such as the interleaved data, odd-numbered line was even number line then before this.If row is scanned with the speed of each second 60, then actual refresh rate is frames each seconds 30.This refresh technique has been used in traditional cathode ray tube (CRT) display.If the problem that field does not have similar information (for example, the lines of a series of different colours) to be caused is that oxide layer is unbalanced.Figure 34 A shows a driving figure of 3: 1, wherein be added on the opposite electrode VCOM voltage each subframe (such as, a kind of color is strange or even) back switches.6 subframes of therefore every frame cost constitute.

Except in particular cases identical at the odd and even number field, this figure of 3: 1 does not keep the DC balance.Noticing that VCOM is high during the green sub-frame of odd number field, all is low during the green sub-frame of even number half-frames.If pixel is red and be white during at even field when strange field, it will spend one under the black state of high (level) so, and 5 in six subframes under white states.Because this pixel never is driven to low (level) black state is so produced the DC imbalance.

4: 1 sequential can keep the DC balance shown in Figure 34 B, and the height of red, green, blue and low subframe all occur in strange field and even field.For the PAL system with 50HZ field frequency, color sub-frame speed is 200HZ, and this provides good result and does not have disagreeable flicker.Yet the field frequency of the 60HZ of NTSC system causes the subframe speed of 240HZ, and this may destroy the consistency of color.

Improve the consistency of NTSC system colors, should be reduced to 200HZ to sub-frame frequency by the ratio that used shown in Figure 34 C 10: 3.

Under 10: 3 ratio, the ending of the color subframe consistent with the voltage transitions of opposite electrode does not need consistent with the ending of incoming frame.Yet, in a preferred embodiment, first three that occurs in each subframe to writing of display/one, and 10: 3 ratio cause usually at least first three/one in same frame, write all and before switching, take place.In a preferred embodiment, write 1.64 milliseconds of costs.The switching of flash of light and opposed electrode voltage, and pixel initialization if desired all occur in subframe.

For example, with reference to figure 34C, the strange input of frame 0 is represented with 660 and 662 by a pair of identical red video input.Second red video imported strange frame 0 662 and write before switching to even input video.Liquid crystal is stable if having time, and as mentioned above, red LED was glistened before the voltage that switches opposite electrode.The subframe that the next one writes is green even frame 0, represents with 664.Strange or the idol part of each of one frame each color all arranged at least one write.

As everyone knows, though it is anti-phase anti-phase with frame that row mainly have been discussed, in some occasion, other drive pattern may be desired.Being listed as anti-phase is exactly a row receiver, video, and next column receives anti-phase video.In next frame or subframe, signal is by anti-phase so that in first frame or subframe the frame of receiver, video, in next frame, receive anti-phase video.In frame is anti-phase, whole display one frame receiver, video, and in next subframe or frame, receive anti-phase video.Except be listed as anti-phase and frame anti-phase, other types anti-phase has the anti-phase and pixel inversion of row.In pixel inversion, first pixel receiver, video, next pixel receives anti-phase video, and this is anti-phase similar with row, but in addition, each provisional capital is changeed by Ei.

As mentioned above, can change ratio, this causes different with the amount of images that signal or anti-phase vision signal are correlated with.The pattern that depends on clock rate and video and anti-phase video, burr and flicker are reduced.Several anti-phase video subframes are placed to together, and several subsequently video subframes will reduce burr but increase flicker.By mixing different patterns, flicker and burr all are minimized.

Previous section discussed receive analog video signal and in the whole cycle signal keep be simulation display.Next part just will return (discussion) initialize signal be the numeral display.

Display is simulated, and is high-power but simulation had both consumed, and is subjected to from the possibility of the interference of other circuit also very big.Therefore in certain embodiments, people wish to make shows signal before more near display, such as on integrated circuit the time, are digital signals.

In a preferred embodiment, shows signal was digital before the integrated circuit that arrives miniscope shown in Figure 35 A always.This and Fig. 2,10 and 11 different, in these figure, signal is as entering the integrated circuit of miniscope from the analog signal of external number mode converter 412 by flat cable, as shown in Fig. 9 and Figure 19 A.

With reference to figure 35A, the integrated circuit Active Matrix Display 670 that comprises the miniscope 672 with 1280 * 1024 pixels is shown.High clarity TV (HDTV) form uses 1208 * 1024 pel array.A pair of

horizontal scanner

674 and 678, vertical driver 680, SIPO 682 and Active Matrix Display 672 are integrated into 670 li in circuit.

Active pixel array 672 has a plurality of pixels 138.Each pixel all has transistor 140 and pixel electrode 142, shown in Figure 20 A.Each pixel electrode and opposite electrode 144 and liquid crystal layer 146 collaborative works produce shown image.In one embodiment, pixel unit 138 is connected to adjacent row 150 to form a storage capacitance 442.

In a preferred embodiment, the next door of active pixel array 672 is hot-wire arrays 678.Hot-wire array 678 may comprise the capacitance measurement (device) and/or the limpid temperature sensor of above-described feature of temperature sensor, liquid crystal transducer.

The integrated circuit 670 of miniscope is the receiving digital video signal on 64 channel bus that partly are made of flat cable.In addition, this integrated circuit also receives two analog ramp signal 688 and 690 (strange slope and even slope (Rampodd andRampeven)), three clock signals 692,694 and 696 (digital dock, address clock and gateable clock) and address signals 698.

Address signal 698 and address clock drive the row that 694 signals and SIP O682 and vertical driver 680 common selections will write data.Vertical driver 680 has a decoder is arranged, and this decoder is selected suitable line driver and a plurality of line driver, is 1024 line drivers in the present embodiment, and it opens a plurality of line drivers of transistor of this row.

Two row or

horizontal scanner

674 and 678 are identical, and difference is that top column scan 674 receives and handle the signal of even column, and following column scan 678 receives and handle the signal of odd column.From a side feed-in odd column signal with from opposite side feed-in even column signal and shown in Figure 11 similar.Yet the signal that receives among Figure 11 is simulated, and the signal in Figure 35 A is digital.

As following illustrated, each column scan 674 and 678 has a shift register, line buffer, LFSR and transmission gate.The clock generating signal and the numerical data of the ramp signal of a simulation, door and data are received by each scanner.

With reference to figure 35B, the vision signal in clock pulse enters random access storage device (RAM) 700 along 32 circuit-switched data lines.The RAM of target column is by a WE (WE) gating, and this WE signal is produced by column shift register 702 or

horizontal scanner

674 or 678.

Shift register 702 is selected suitable RAM 700.Data among the selecteed RAM 700 are sent to linear feedback shift register (LFSR) 704.In a preferred embodiment, LFSR 704 is 8 LFSR.LFSR 704 produces the sequence that 2n-1 kind state is arranged, and wherein n is a figure place.

Use 8 LFSR, display can have 256 grades of gray scales or difference in a kind of color.When load signal LD 706 was given, the content of RAM was sent to LFSR, thereby is provided with the initial condition of LFSR.Timer clock GCLK 696 circulates LFSR in its status switch.When all positions of LFSR all become 1, one 1 of AND door 708 output, this makes sampling keep T/H circuit 710 to be in hold mode and the ramp voltage on the alignment 7101 is sampled.In this way, the numerical data input is provided with the initial condition of LFSR, and this state has determined that LFSR was full of the quantity of GCLK clock cycle before with 1 second, and this determines that conversely when ramp voltage will be sampled to set the simulation column voltage.

In a preferred embodiment, RAM 700 can be written into the data of next line when LFSR handles the data of current line.

Sequential

Array size	1280×1024	?1280×1024	?1280×720	?1280×720
Array size	1280×1024	?1280×1024	?1280×720	?1280×720	Gray scale	2 ⁸＝256	?2 ⁷＝128	?2 ⁸＝256	?2 ⁷＝128
Field frequency	180Hz	?180Hz	?180Hz	?180Hz	Gray scale	2 ⁸＝256	?2 ⁷＝128	?2 ⁸＝256	?2 ⁷＝128
Field frequency	180Hz	?180Hz	?180Hz	?180Hz	Line frequency	184kHz	?184kHz	?130kHz	?130kHz
Line period	5.43us	?5.43us	?7.72us	?7.72us	Line frequency	184kHz	?184kHz	?130kHz	?130kHz
Line period	5.43us	?5.43us	?7.72us	?7.72us	The GCLK frequency	51.6MHZ	?25.8MHZ	?36.3MHZ	?18.1MHZ
The GCLK cycle	19.4ns	?38.8ns	?27.6ns	?55.1ns	The GCLK frequency	51.6MHZ	?25.8MHZ	?36.3MHZ	?18.1MHZ
The GCLK cycle	19.4ns	?38.8ns	?27.6ns	?55.1ns	The DCLK frequency	31.0MHZ	?31.0MHZ	?21.8MHZ	?1.8MHZ
The DCLK cycle	32.3ns	?32.3ns	?45.9ns	?45.9ns	The DCLK frequency	31.0MHZ	?31.0MHZ	?21.8MHZ	?1.8MHZ

In certain embodiments, people may expect information is sent to another from a position, and that will explain below resembling is used for the last unit that is worn on the vehicle.A kind of technology is to use data link 720.

Data link 720 is changed information, so that it can promptly transmit with high bandwidth more with the connection of smallest number more.For example, in a preferred embodiment, miniscope 110 is pel arrays of 1280 * 1024 with 8 gray scales.

Shown in Figure 36 A, data link 720 has link 722 a lot of paired data signal lines 724 or optical fiber and clock pairing line 726 or optical fiber is arranged.Data are placed in the transmitter unit 728 coding parallel seriesization on the video card 730.Data send with higher clock rate by this link.Place 732 pairs of data of receiver on the display drive plate 734 to decode and it is reverted to parallel data form.In a preferred embodiment, this data link is the product of the use PaneLink trade mark sold of Silicon Images company for example.The purpose of this link is for the data wire expedited data with minimum number.Data link or transmission system are used fiber channel (FibreChannel), and it can obtain from a lot of suppliers there, for example from the FlatLink of TexasInstruments ^TMData transmission system is unified from the PaneLink of Silicon Images ^TMTechnology.

Except data link 720, as described below, display system may have the difference that the pseudorandom multiplexer is used for compensated amplifier.In a preferred embodiment, miniscope 110 receives analog signal, and this analog signal is transformed from the digital signal on the display driver plate 734, shown in Figure 37 A.Shown in Figure 37 B, the signal by digital-to-analog converter 356 conversion sends by amplifier (operational amplifier) 740.Each amplifier is slightly different, if therefore identical signal is transfused to each amplifier, can export a different signal.When amplifier was used to signal on the display, the user can be because different output signals be discovered row dull and that become clear.Though amplifier can be gone to proofread and correct these difference, proofread and correct these differences with the pseudorandom multiplex system by tuning/adjustment.

In one embodiment, this pseudorandom multiplex system can have a pair of pseudorandom multiplexer 742.In a preferred embodiment, each pseudorandom multiplexer 742 all is produced on the plank that is inserted into a display drive plate 734 in the preferred embodiment.As everyone knows, this pseudorandom multiplex system can integrate with the display drive plate.

This pseudorandom multiplex system obtains signal from D/A converter 356, transmits a signal to pseudorandom one of amplifier, and then obtains this signal and it is sent to suitable output from amplifier, be i.e. the input of miniscope.With reference to figure 37B, schematically illustrated display driver.Data are from two passes, data idol passage 748 and the strange passage 748 of data, and serial enters digital 2-8 and intersects multiplexer and demultiplexer 744.Data are come out from 8 passages from multiplexer 744, i.e. 4 passage video height (even number line) 750 and low (odd-numbered line) 752 of 4 passage videos.Data send to D/A converter 352 with a plurality of latchs 754, and latch 754 is by horizontal counter 756 controls that are used for control data stream.The signal of being come by the conversion of D/A converter is obtained and is sent to one of amplifier 758 by the multiplexed plate 742 of pseudorandom, arrives suitable output then.The input of the multiplexed plate of pseudorandom is represented with " 1 " in terminal, and output is represented with " 2 " in terminal, shown in Figure 37 B.

In a preferred embodiment, the pseudorandom multiplexer has two identical unit.A unit makes the input pseudorandom permutation to the video height, and another unit makes the output pseudorandom permutation low to video.In a preferred embodiment, the pseudorandom multiplexer does not mix the amplifier between high signal and the low signal.Amplifier has different skews.But well-known, this mixing is contingent.

This pseudorandom multiplexer plate has the head of one eight (8) input, is used to receive from the output of 4 independent D/A converters 352 with from the output of 4 amplifiers 758.This stature has eight (8) individual outputs, is used for signal is sent to independently vision signal of 4 amplifiers and 4.

Each signal from D/A switch 352 (4 signals) is all by 4 of feed-ins change-over circuit independently.Therefore ten six (16) individual switching circuits are arranged.In a preferred embodiment, 4 switches of each group are positioned on the chip piece.Each independently switch receive a control input from logic chip.Have only one and be a different switch in every group, all are closed to the inlet flow of output, this output is the input of amplifier.The output of amplifier arrives second group of switch along similar path.Use is controlled second group of switch from the same input of logic chip, so the output of switch is sent to suitable vision signal.Among Figure 37 B, the signal by top D/A converter is sent to the top signal line downwards.

How two following examples can be provided with independently switch if being used for explanation.In first example, be sent to amplifier without the pseudorandom multiplexer from the signal of preceding two inputs.The device that is re-used before the signal of third and fourth input is entering amplifier switches, and switches back correct line then before being sent to display again.

Output

	????0	????1	????2	????3
	????0	????1	????2	????3	????0	????X
????1		????X			????0	????X
????1		????X			????2		????X
????3			????X		????2		????X

Switch A and switch BVH01 → VH02 VH03 → VIDH0VH11 → VH12 VH13 → VIDH1VH21 → VH32 VH33 → VIDH2VH31 → VH22 VH23 → VIDH3

In second example, be sent to following amplifier from the signal of importing.Signal from last input is sent to first amplifier.Before being sent to display, switch back correct line from the output of this amplifier then.

Output

Switch A and switch B

VH01→VH12???????????????????????????????????????????????????????VH13→VIDH0

VH11→VH22???????????????????????????????????????????????????????VH23→VIDH1

VH21→VH32???????????????????????????????????????????????????????VH33→VIDH2

VH31→VH02???????????????????????????????????????????????????????VH03→VIDH3

Because four (4) individual inputs and four (4) individual outputs are arranged, so two top examples only are two kinds in 16 kinds of combinations.The pseudorandom multiplexer constantly switches in 16 kinds of states to allow eyes that these amplifiers are integrated.Frequency can be that frame frequency (60HZ) also can be a line frequency (60KHZ).Line frequency can be better.

With reference to figure 38A, liquid crystal is not linear response to the variation of voltage, and this voltage refers to voltage difference between pixel electrode and the opposite electrode.If the side-play amount of voltage changes 4.5V from limpid to dim, in a preferred embodiment, then the change in voltage of the first half (1/2) and half (1/2) change in voltage to the minimum that influences of transmissivity (transmitivity), shown in Figure 38 A.In addition, because among several embodiment discussed above, vision signal is digitally stored, selected voltage can only be in a lot of discrete locations.In addition, the data link 722 of selling by Silicon Images, NationalSemiconductor and Texas Instrument shown in Figure 36 and Figure 37 A, each clock cycle is supported 32.Discrete position and limited bandwidth constraints color, and cause the inconsistent image of color.

Figure 38 B illustrates the display control circuit 762 that is used for miniscope.Display control circuit 762 has the digital search table 764 that is used for correcting image gray scale and color.This look-up table is also referred to as gamma (gamma) and proofreaies and correct look-up table, the interval light intensity, or herein, for obtaining the transmissivity of the selected liquid crystal of desired image.As everyone knows, neither wish to have non-linear shown in Figure 38 A, also do not wish to have light intensity and the transmissivity of in available even distribution, selecting, because human eye is more prone to discover difference by ratio rather than by absolute figure.

Vision signal is received by the processor 402 of digital control circuit 762.Similar with the processor among Figure 19 A, processor 402 converts signal 404 to digital signal, and no matter what form this signal is originally, as RGB, NTSC, PAL etc.Digital signal is sent to the first 766 of sequential control circuit 768.766 send as required or receive data from memory 406/408.Data from sequential control circuit 766 send by data link 720.

In miniscope 110 1 sides of data link 720, place the second portion 770 of sequential control circuit 768 with look-up table 764.Look-up table 764, particularly gamma (gamma) are proofreaied and correct look-up table, are used at display transfer linearity signal.

The control line 422 of back light system 266 and display 110 and 424 second portion 770 controls by sequential control circuit 768.This look-up table 764 can be used to display, no matter and whether switch the voltage of opposite electrode.

The input of look-up table is a multidigit information module relevant with discrete gray levels of wanting to show or color gray scale.This group position is handled by look-up table as address or position in the table.Memory value in this position is exported from look-up table as a new multidigit information module subsequently, and this information module may be more than the figure place of input data, and is perhaps few, also may be identical, and this depends on the Design and Features of table.In a preferred embodiment, there are 8 bit data to be input to table, export 10 bit data.Then, this 10 bit data is converted into an analog signal in D/A 422, offers the suitable voltage of display 110, gives spectators with the corresponding optical transmission of input figure place of handle and expectation.The value of look-up table from gamma (gamma) curve of display and Figure 38 category-A seemingly.

In a preferred embodiment, data link 720 for one 24, originally be designed for 8 of each red, green, blue pixels, in a color sequence form, 46 pixel value or 38 s' pixel value can be transferred to contiguous pixel in a clock cycle.In 6 * 8 look-up table, use 6 input will offer 64 kinds of differences of every kind of color of spectators and equally distributed color gray scale.In 8 * 10 look-up table, use 8 input will offer 256 kinds of differences of every kind of color of spectators and equally distributed color gray scale.Under the situation that picture quality is had minimum influence, obtained higher transfer of data throughput.

In a preferred embodiment, data link 720 for one 24, originally be designed for 16 of each red, green, blue pixels, in a color sequence form, 86 pixel value or 68 s' pixel value can be transferred to contiguous pixel in a clock cycle.In 6 * 8 look-up table, use 6 input will offer 64 kinds of differences of every kind of color of spectators and equally distributed color gray scale.In 8 * 10 look-up table, use 8 input will offer 256 kinds of differences of every kind of color of spectators and equally distributed color gray scale.Under the situation that picture quality is had minimum influence, obtained higher transfer of data throughput.

Although look-up table is to be described at the embodiment with data link, obviously this look-up table can be independent of the data link use.

In color sequence showed, the flash of light of LED was provided with the time with the maximum that satisfies before glistening synchronously, and guarantees to turn off flash of light before color is provided with next time, and different therewith, the accurate sequential of glistening in monochrome display is optional in certain embodiments.

Figure 39 A illustrates the sequential chart that is used for monochrome display.Because display is monochromatic, LED270 opens always, and anti-phase or other inverse technique is write image repeatedly with row.In row were anti-phase, in a frame (for example FRAME 1), odd column was written into video, and even column is written into anti-phase video.In next frame (for example FRAME2), even column is written into video, and odd column is written into anti-phase video.If monochrome display switches the voltage of opposite electrode or in the beginning initialization pixel of each frame, as in LVV, above-described flash of light about color sequence LED is implemented in monochrome display.

With reference to figure 39B1 and 3982, the display control circuit 774 of another embodiment is shown.Display control circuit 774 can show tube core 258 associated working with the integrated circuit that two pixels shown in Figure 11 are write simultaneously.Digital control circuit 774 obtains piece image from the source end and then this width of cloth image is shown at miniscope 110.Vision signal 404 may be the analog format such as NTSC, PAL, S-Video, vision signal 404 simulated Video Decoder 776a reception in these cases, converts thereof into the numeral 404v of the red-green-Lan (RGB) of representative or brightness-colourity composition (YCbCr) then.Decoder 776a also extracts time sequence information to produce synchronizing signal 404s.

In addition, input video 404 signals also may be the number formats such as BT656, and digital front-end 776d separates digital video 404v and synchronizing signal 404s in this pattern.

If digital video 404v represents that with YCbCr it is just converted to the RGB pattern by format converter 778 so.If signal 404v uses RGB to represent that converter 778 is by bypass (walking around) so.

In a preferred embodiment, all parts of display control circuit 774 except analog video decoder device 776a, all are integrated on the customer designed IC ASIC 782.In another embodiment, decoder 776a may be advanced this ASIC by integrated whole or in part.In another embodiment, DRAM 1004 or digital-to-analog converter 356 may be outside for ASIC782.Timing sequencer 780 receives synchronizing signal 404s and is that ASIC 782 produces all essential clock signals.

ASIC 782 also comprises an IIC interface 796, and interface 796 provides the means of read-write configuration register for ppu 798.Configuration register is used to the time sequence parameter of the miscellaneous part of program operation mode and ASIC 782.

The video format that meets the BT.656 standard can be adjusted the display to be fit to 320 * 240 in proportion.Simulation NTSC and PAL video with traditional 27MHz clock decoding also can be adjusted in proportion.In the horizontal direction, reduce to 320 to 360 samplings, need 9: 8 resize ratio.

Standard with field frequency (NTSC) of 525 lines and 60Hz does not need the vertical scale adjustment.If each has 243 or 244 active line, 3 or 4 lines that have more in the vertical resolution of one 240 line can be dropped.Yet the resize ratio that the standard of the field frequency of 625 line 50Hz (PAL) needs 6: 5 is to reduce to 240 lines with 288 active line.

Horizontal proportion adjuster 786 carries out 9: 8 horizontal proportion adjustment.In a preferred embodiment, use interpolation method, be schematically shown as Figure 39 C.Vertical scale adjuster 780 carries out vertical scale adjustment in 6: 5.In a preferred embodiment, use interpolation method, be schematically shown as Figure 39 D.

Off-gauge video format does not need the ratio adjustment, and ratio adjuster 786 and 780 is by bypass in this case.As can be seen, other video format may need to be different from 9: 8 horizontal adjusting ratio and the vertical resize ratio that is different from 6: 5.

Refer again to Figure 39 B1, be sent to gamma (gamma) correcting circuit 792 from the vision signal of vertical scale adjuster 788, with discuss among top Figure 38 B similar.For each the red, green, blue composition in the incoming video signal, gamma (gamma) correcting circuit 792 all produces a corrected output valve, with convenient signal by D/A converter 356 convert to simulation the time, last brightness is fit to eyes.

In a preferred embodiment, gamma (gamma) correcting circuit 792 uses look-up tables 764, comprises the correct output valve of the possible input value of institute in the look-up table 764.In a further advantageous embodiment, gamma (gamma) correcting circuit 792 calculates the piecewise linear function of input, does interpolation in the middle of the value of being stored in 17 configuration registers.Signal from gamma (gamma) correcting circuit 792 is sent to pixel pairing circuit 794.

In the pixel pairing, the single numerical value of red, green, blue pixel is resequenced with more effective use memory.Figure 39 E illustrates the schematic diagram of pixel pairing.Pixel pairing circuit 794 receives 24 word with 6.75MHz.Each word comprises three kinds of compositions of red, green, blue of single pixel, as three 8 value.16 output words comprise two 8 value from the same color of horizontal neighbor, are the forms that display needs.

With reference to figure 39B2, delivered to one of two DRAM segment memories 1004 by tristate buffer 1002 from 16 bit data streams of pixel pairing circuit 794.A DRAM segment memory is read, and another is written into.The address and the control signal of read-write are produced respectively by dram controller 1008 and 1010.Multiplexer 1006 is delivered to the address and the control signal of read-write in the suitable segment memory 1004 and is gone.

Data from the DRAM segment memory that is read are sent to output processing circuit 1012, and if necessary, treatment circuit 1012 is anti-phase with video.Then, dateout arrives digital-to-analog converter 356, and peak data rate is two 8 words during 27MHz.Analog signal from converter 356 is amplified with driving display 110 by external video amplifier 1014.

ASIC 782 also comprises a display timing generator control unit 1016, and control unit 1016 is that the analog switch 1018 of display 110, backlight 266 and opposite electrode produces control signal.

The embodiment of monochrome display described above and colour active matrix displays can be used in the various products, comprises digital camera, view finder, Vehicular display device, printer and Wireless Telecom Equipment, such as beeper and mobile phone.

Figure 40 A illustrates a digital camera 800 that is used for still image to 40D.Figure 41 illustrates the exploded view of camera 800.As shown in figure 41, digital camera 800 has lens 802 that place image sensor 804 fronts.As described above, digital camera 800 has miniscope 110 and the off/on switch shown in Figure 40 B.As shown in Figure 13 B, miniscope 110 can scioptics 298 gun camera and is observed the image that captures.Shown in Figure 40 A, at the front end of digital camera 800 a focusing button is arranged, be used to focus on miniscope spectators 110.

Refer again to Figure 40 B, in one embodiment, digital camera 800 receives mobile memory card, such as compact flash (CF), dexterous medium etc.Digital camera 800 has compact flash access door 808 and ejector button 810.

With reference to figure 40C, be selector switch 812 and X button 814.Telescopic bezel 816 connects shell 828 and 830.Selector switch 812 and button 814 collaborative works allow image that deletion one width of cloth stored, preserve image and watch image.Shown in Figure 40 D, I/O door closure 818 covers input and output 820, and input and output 820 are by integrated 822 loads of circuit.

Camera 800 is encapsulated in circuit integrated 822 in preceding plastic casing 828 and the back plastic casing 830, as shown in figure 41.Camera 800 has a battery case to be used to hold a plurality of batteries 834 in circuit 822 assembling fronts, and a battery door 836 of covering on preceding plastic casing 828 is arranged.As everyone knows, this battery case can be made an integral body with whole casing.

In a preferred embodiment, camera 800 has microphone 838, is used for recording voice in document image.As everyone knows, camera 800 has the infrared sensor that is used to focus on.

Digital camera can be connected with a lot of elements, such as portable computer, be used for the image of digital camera is transferred to the card reader of computer or printer.In a preferred embodiment, a card such as compact flash, can take off from camera and be inserted in the computer.In another embodiment, this transmission can also can arrive digital camera from digital camera, is connected with computer or NTSC TV output by I/O door closure 818 through a cable through.

Figure 42 illustrates the embodiment of display control circuit 840 of the color sequence display 110 of digital camera 800.Display control circuit 840 receives the analog mixed-signal 404 from imageing sensor 804 at analogue signal processor 402 places.Analogue signal processor can be a kind of chip that can buy, such as the Sony CXA1585 that signal 404 is decomposed into the red, green, blue composition.Though at analog signal this embodiment has been discussed, well-known, this signal also can be digital.One number type families turnkey contains the instruction of finding in this patent.

Image is sent straight to miniscope 110 from analogue signal processor 402.Top with reference to figure 28A can be merged to Figure 34 discussion with gamma (gamma) correction, Pclk and two relevant interfaces of synchronised clock.

Simultaneously, three simulation color compositions are converted to digital signal by modulus (A/D) converter 842.Digital signal is further handled and is stored in the memory circuitry 846 by a digital signal processor 844.Be stored in that digital signal can be enhanced or change in the memory circuitry 846, such as compression, gamma (gamma) proofread and correct, level and smooth and/or shake.The software that can buy is used in this enhancing or change, such as the Photoshop that Adobe company sells, Inc.

Except directly from the analogue signal processor relevant, watching image with imageing sensor 804, miniscope 110 can show that also the mode with digital signal is stored in the image in the memory 846, and these digital signals arrive digital-to-analog converters 356 so that digital signal is changed back analog signal by digital signal processor 844.Display control circuit 640 has the analogue signal processor 848 that is used for signal decomposition is become red, green, blue composition branch.Analogue signal processor correcting image sensing data after the digital processing unit.

Display control circuit 840 has the logical circuit 850 that comprises sequence circuit.Logical circuit 850 and imageing sensor 804, miniscope 110, digital signal processor 844 and memory 846 link together and are used for the control of video signal flow.

When by analogue signal processor 402 image directly when imageing sensor is got miniscope, the red, green, blue signal that logical circuit 850 becomes miniscope 110 to use signal Synchronization.This may comprise that synchronously the various filters of use were in the color order of crossing synchronously with collection, pass to the view data that miniscope 110 goes, and adjust backlight 266 action.

Logic control circuit 850 is by sending video data from memory 846 to display 110 and control the sequential flow of each color frame that arrives display by the work that line is adjusted each primary colors backlight 266.

Miniscope 110 also is used as the view finder of field camera shown in Figure 43 or video tape recorder 860 except the view finder that is used as still camera 800.Field camera 860 has view finder shell 862, and view finder shell 862 has the miniscope 110 that comprises the optics shell.

At described in Figure 13 A and the 13B, the display module 286 that has assembled has miniscope 110 as the front, and backlight 278 and the optics shell 294 of band lens 298.View finder shell 862 has comprised this display module that has assembled 286, and its parts are along optical axis 306 and circuit board 864 expansions.

The circuit board 864 of schematically illustrated display among Figure 44.Circuit board 864 has the analogue signal processor 402 that is used to receive NTSC signal 404.NTSC signal 404 receives from disposable plates 866.Disposable plates 866 receives image from imageing sensor 804a, perhaps receive from video tape 868 in playback mode, or memory receives internally.At logging mode, be recorded on the video tape 868 from the image of imageing sensor 804.As shown in figure 43, switch 870 and processor plate 866 collaborative works are delivered to the signal 404 of analogue signal processor 402 to allow operator's selection from imageing sensor 804 or tape 868.Video tape 868 can be selected in normal speed, in addition also can be selected in other speed, and such as the F.F. sweep speed.

Place the circuit board 864 in the view finder shell 862, except that having analogue signal processor 402, also have sequential control circuit 872 and memory 874.Figure 44 also illustrates the miniscope 110 and backlight 266 that is arranged in view finder shell 862.In a preferred embodiment, this circuit comprise vision signal synchronously and two clocks, as top discuss to 34C at Figure 28 A.

In the vehicles such as helicopter or aircraft, for operating this vehicles, the operator needs a large amount of information of fast processing.In a preferred embodiment, display is a fixing overhead display.Like this, display and those parts that are fixed on the head by a helmet should be in light weight hard again.In addition, because the situation of the various light that the pilot will experience, to pitch-dark dark night, display needs to change luminous intensity from bright daylight.

With reference to Figure 45, the schematic diagram of the display system 880 that is used for the vehicles 882 is shown.In this embodiment, 110, one miniscopes of display are fixed on the helmet 884 that the user wears.The information that display projects is sent to miniscope 110 from demonstration computer 886 by data link 722.This system can be binocular can be monocular also, have two (2) individual or one (1) individual displays.

Computer 886 receives its information from a lot of sources, comprises storage data 888, the speed on the vehicles, direction, height sensor 890; Be used to strengthen camera 892 such as night or infrared eyesight; Radiation transducer 894 is such as radar system; With the information of wireless transmission 896 from other source receptions.Computer 886 can be according to operator's input selection with in conjunction with these data.

Information is sent to miniscope 110 by data link 722 from demonstration computer 886.Data link 722 is obtained data converted on video card 898, and data are delivered to the other display driver plate 900 of miniscope 110, and video card 898 is received to be shown on the computer 886 and be adjacent.Data link 722 can be a twisted-pair cable, or/and optical cable, shown in Figure 37 A.In Figure 48, data link 722 has fast quick-detach articulation 902 in user's flying suit.

In a preferred embodiment, these vehicles are helicopters.Backlight is placed away from miniscope.Backlight is placed in below the user or the back, and is led to pilot's the helmet by optical fiber.Miniscope and an illuminator collaborative work, in a preferred embodiment, this illuminator is backlight 904.

Illuminator is connected on the controller 906, as shown in figure 45, is used for changing light intensity at the eyesight at daytime to night.In addition, in a further advantageous embodiment, this controller can change the light intensity of each LED to improve the chromaticity of color sequence display discussed above.Illuminator shown in Figure 45 is a near monochromatic LED the miniscope 110 that is fixed on the helmet 884.

Although top description is that for example aircraft is relevant with the vehicles, well-known, this structure also can be applied among other the embodiment, such as being connected to common personal computer.

Except camera and display, by using digital printer 910, miniscope 110 also can be used for printing on light-sensitive paper, as shown in figure 47.Figure 46 illustrates the display circuit 912 that is used for digital printer 910.Display circuit 910 is used to control the digital printer 910 that has with the color sequence display operation.

Display circuit 912 has processor 402, and processor 402 receives view data 404 and this data transaction is become suitable form from external source, and this conversion comprises image is cut into three different images, and one be red, and one be green, and one is blueness.View data can be sent to memory 406 by control circuit 916.Control circuit 916 takes out data from memory 406, and in memory 406, image is preserved with three kinds of different colors, and control circuit 916 sends to miniscope 110 by digital-to-analog converter 412 with data then.Image is to be written into miniscope 110 with the similar mode of top embodiment.After display had time enough to be written into and is provided with, control circuit 916 flash of light was specific backlight 266, so that the image on the display is projected onto on the printer paper 920, as shown in figure 47.

By image being write in the display with the speed of per second 180 subframes, each different image repeats to write the mode that a kind of image of color is write miniscope, allow to be provided with the time, each LED subsequently glistens, the image of following a kind of color is write miniscope, allow to be provided with the time, the LED that glistens subsequently, and the third color carried out repetition.Allowing to be provided with the time lights LED then, and writes the third color, and printer paper 920 can be by image exposure.This process required number of times of printer paper 920 that is repeated to expose.

Although the gradient of color generally is to realize by the rotation number of degrees of liquid crystal, but because digital printer be not with this patent described in other application of miniscope the same as time-sensitive, so flash time length can be used to colorific gradient, and liquid crystal is changed into limpid or complete black fully.

When liquid crystal is limpid or black rather than during between the grade of centre, light source is LED in a preferred embodiment, and a period demand is glistened.Then, pixel more or less will be rotated to limpid, and LED glistens once more.This process repeats to the grade that obtains desired amt always.

Give an example, every kind of total time for exposure of color is about 0.6 second, and expects 4 in every kind of color, 16 gray scales.Miniscope is with 50Hz, and the frequency of every frame 20ms is moved.Whole miniscope is allowed to relax towards limpid (white).In this example, adopt row anti-phase.Be voltage to be switched to opposite electrode or the initialization pixel is not all done in each subframe.Time chien shih liquid crystal with four (4) frames (80ms) changes to limpid.Desired color or gray scale are depended in the driving of pixel.Pixel is written into to keep limpid (white), unless no longer need this color, that is, gray scale is zero (0).For those pixels, pixel is driven into black.Each level is finished two (2) frames (that is if gray scale is white greater than 0,2 frame pixel, otherwise then being black).Each frame backlight all can glisten.This process is repeated.

If gray scale is white greater than 1,2 frame pixel, otherwise then be black.Each frame back color break-up light.

If gray scale is white greater than 2,2 frame pixels, otherwise then be black.Each frame back color break-up light.

If gray scale is white greater than 14,2 frame pixels, otherwise then be black.Each frame back color break-up light.

After first kind of color finished, other two kinds of colors are repeated this process.

Because, being listed as height and any asymmetric of low black level that anti-phase type of drive brings all by the frame exposure of even number, each gray scale all can on average be fallen.And, printer applications drive the speed of liquid crystal blackening than relaxing towards limpid fireballing benefit.

With reference to figure 38A, liquid crystal is not linear to the reaction of change in voltage, and this voltage refers to that (voltage) between pixel electrode and the opposite electrode is poor.If in an embodiment, be changed to 4.5V from limpid variation, then first 1/2nd (1/2) change in voltage and the influence minimum of last change in voltage of 1/2nd (1/2) shown in Figure 38 A to transmissivity to black.

The display control circuit of miniscope may have the gray scale that is used for correcting image and the digital search table of color.This look-up table is also referred to as gamma (gamma) and proofreaies and correct look-up table, the interval light intensity, or herein, for obtaining the transmissivity of the selected liquid crystal of desired image.As everyone knows, neither wish to have non-linear shown in Figure 38 A, also do not wish to have light intensity and the transmissivity of in available even distribution, selecting, because human eye is more prone to discover difference by ratio rather than by absolute figure.The further discussion of proofreading and correct look-up table about gamma (gamma) has description in the U.S. Patent application file of submitting on July 28th, 2000, this number of patent application is No.09/643, and 655, integral body is incorporated in this paper to its content by quoting as proof at this.

Because liquid crystal or black entirely or complete white, so printer and liquid crystal gamma discussed above (gamma) curve have nothing to do in this example.

In another example, miniscope is initialized to black rather than white (limpid).Exposure is that by when liquid crystal converts white (limpid) to rather than by when backlight opening controlled.

Difference is backlightly once to influence all pixels, and the transformation of liquid crystal only just takes place when each pixel is scanned.Because opening and closing conversion all is by liquid crystal rather than backlight control, (produced one from the top of image more uniform gray-scale Control) to the bottom.As an example, red, green and blue backlight being switched off.

The all pixels of 4 frame initialization are black.

Red backlight opening.

If red grade is greater than 0, then 2 frame pixels are white, otherwise are black.

If red grade is greater than 1, then 2 frame pixels are white, otherwise are black.

If red grade is greater than 2, then 2 frame pixels are white, otherwise are black.

……

If red grade is greater than 14, then 2 frame pixels are white, otherwise are black.

All pixels of 2 frames become black.

Red backlight closing.

All pixels of 2 frames become black.

Green colored backlights is bright.

Greater than 0, then 2 frame pixels are white, otherwise are black as the fruit green grade.Greater than 1, then 2 frame pixels are white, otherwise are black as the fruit green grade.Greater than 2, then 2 frame pixels are white, otherwise are black as the fruit green grade.Greater than 14, then 2 frame pixels are white, otherwise are black as the fruit green grade.All pixels of 2 frames become black.Green colored backlights is turn-offed.All pixels of 2 frames become black.Blue backlight bright.If blue scale is greater than 0, then 2 frame pixels are white, otherwise are black.If blue scale is greater than 1, then 2 frame pixels are white, otherwise are black.If blue scale is greater than 2, then 2 frame pixels are white, otherwise are black.If blue scale is greater than 14, then 2 frame pixels are white, otherwise are black.All pixels of 2 frames become black.Blue shutoff backlight.

Be altogether 104 frames or under the frame frequency of 50Hz just above 2 seconds.By only using a frame in each gray scale, this time can be halved.This will lose the benefit of the asymmetry of on average falling high and low black.

As recited above, though it not is to be necessary that gamma (gamma) is proofreaied and correct, but a kind of if desired nonlinear characteristic, the frame that needs only so at the thresholding place of each gray scale exposure varying number just can obtain (rather than looking like each grade 2 frame in the above example) at an easy rate.

In one embodiment, have only the time of flash of light to be changed.In another embodiment, the combination of flash time and light intensity also can be changed.In second embodiment, it is found that after LED glistens, some pixels will be opened and other pixels can be turn-offed so that obtain the time of pixel thin film and the correct combination of light intensity.

Be that with the different of previous embodiment of top previous discussion because image is projected onto on the light-sensitive paper 920, frame frequency needs not exceed per second 60 frames or per second 180 subframes.The time that writes and be provided with can be the order of magnitude of second or 1/10th seconds, and does not have the perceptible delay of user.In a preferred embodiment, control circuit 916 has the control input from film type detector 922, and this detector can read the type of the paper 920 that is installed in the digital printer 910.Control circuit 916 can be adjusted flash of light also can do some other adjustment according to the kind of film.Control circuit 916 or ASIC, the control display, color separated, exposure and other characteristics are such as shake.In addition, control circuit 916 obtains input signal the wearing out with compensation LED relevant with LED output in a reponse system.Control circuit 916 also can be adjusted flash of light length for the white balance of image.

With reference to Figure 47, show the cutaway view of digital printer 910.Digital printer has one and backlight 266 and print dull and stereotyped 924 separated miniscopes 110.Be inserted between miniscope and backlight 266 is scatterer 282 and brightness enhancing films 280.Be inserted between miniscope 110 and the paper plane 924 is lens 926.

Suitable image draws on the miniscope 110, and backlight 266 open the sufficient time so that light sees through the limpid part and the lens 926 of miniscope 110 by brightness enhancing films 280 and scatterer 282, are placed on the printing paper of printing on dull and stereotyped 924 920 and receive.After the first of printing finished on film, backlight 266 were closed, and control circuit 916 is driven into second width of cloth image, the just image of another kind of color to miniscope.Backlight be opened once more certain hour so that the paper that image can be printed on the flat board catch.Control circuit 916 cuts out backlight and miniscope is driven into the 3rd and last piece image of the third color then.Wherein, the cycle of the setting that is opened once more backlight.

Although the color sequence printer is better, well-known, printer also can be monochromatic.In monochromatic mode, or a kind of signal colour, such as White LED, or three kinds of LED glisten together.

In addition, although what show above is the color sequence display with light-emitting diode, obviously also can be with a color wheel or tunable LC filter.

Though digital printer 910 is used as a separate unit and illustrates, can recognize that printer 910 also can be mounted in other instruments, such as instant picture photography digital camera or wireless or cell phone.Figure 48 illustrates the circuit 930 that is used for the instant picture photography digital camera.Display control circuit 930 receives the analog mixed-signal 404 from imageing sensor 804 at analogue signal processor 402 places.Analogue signal processor 402 may be the chip that can buy, and such as Sony CXA1585, it can be divided into signal 404 redness, green and blue composition.Though embodiment discussed above is about analog signal, obviously this signal also can be digital.Digital system is included in the instruction of finding in this patent.

Image is sent straight to miniscope 110 from analogue signal processor 402.The interface that relates to gamma (gamma) correction, Pclk and two synchronised clocks has argumentation in the U.S. patent documents of submitting on July 28th, 2000, this number of patent application is No.09/643,655, exercise question is " a portable minisize display system ", and its full content is incorporated in this paper by quoting as proof here.

Simultaneously, the color composition of three simulations is converted to digital signal by modulus (A/D) converter 842.These digital signals are further handled and are stored in the memory circuitry 846 by digital signal processor 844.The signal that is stored in the memory circuitry 846 can further be strengthened or conversion, such as compression, gamma (gamma) correction, level and smooth and/or shake.This enhancing or conversion are usually with the software that can buy, such as the Photoshop that Adobe company sells, Inc.

By with imageing sensor 804 relevant analogue signal processors 402 are watched, miniscope 110 also can be changed back digital signal the demonstration of Analog signals'digital signal and is stored in content in the memory 846 by arrive digital-to-analog converters 356 through digital signal processor 844 except directly.Display control circuit 930 has the analogue signal processor 848 that is used for signal is divided into redness, green and blue composition.The analogue signal processor correcting image sensing data of digital processing unit back.I

Display control circuit 930 has the logical circuit 1264 that comprises sequence circuit.Logical circuit 1264 is connected on imageing sensor 804, miniscope 110, digital signal processor 844 and the memory 846, is used for the control of video signal flow.

When by analogue signal processor 402 image when imageing sensor is directly got miniscope, in red Oh, the green and blue signal that logical circuit 850 uses signal Synchronization to miniscope 110.May comprise synchronously and use various filters to be in the color order of crossing synchronously, pass to the view data that miniscope 110 goes, and adjust backlight 266 action with collection.

Logical circuit 1624 is by sending from the video data of memory 846 to display 110 with control the sequential flow of every kind of color frame on the display by the work of every kind of primary colors of line coordination backlight 266.After the function of increase printing, independently miniscope 110 and backlight 266 can involved be entered, and perhaps miniscope 110 is with backlight to be redirected with image be identical for watching, such as minute surface or prism, and 932 pairs of image orientation.

Camera will allow user's preference pattern: portrait or landscape.Camera may comprise the paper/film of all size.The storage of camera possibility combined diagram picture, file management and image processing.Camera has automatic exposure control, and also may have manual control setting.Camera can have zoom, find a view and the montage function.These characteristics also can be placed on discussed above comprising in wireless telephonic other instant printing equipments.

Figure 49 A is the perspective view of cell phone 940, and cell phone 940 has textual number display 942, keypad 944, loud speaker 946 and microphone 948.In addition, in a preferred embodiment, cell phone 940 be useful on cover keypad 944 renovate 950, with in a lot of traditional cellular phone, can see the same.In addition, in a preferred embodiment, cell phone 940 has the rolling switch 952 shown in the left side of shell 954 in Figure 49 A.Switch 952 can be used to select the information or in a preferred embodiment on the textual number display 942, selects to place the information on the miniscope 956 of textual number display 942 tops.The working method that depends on concrete cell phone 940, the information on the miniscope 956 equally also can visit by additional keypad 948 or conventional keypad 944.

Figure 49 B illustrates and has the front of renovating 950 cell phone 940 that covers keypad.In a preferred embodiment, renovating 950 when in the closed position, the user can keep cell phone 940 to leave user's face so that they can watch miniscope 956.Phone is set at semiduplex mode, so that loud speaker 946 and microphone 948 do not work simultaneously, thereby has prevented feedback.Can hear in the distance of user under this pattern loud speaker 946 sound and and a side of the cell phone other end talk.Rolling switch 952 shown in Figure 49 A and/or keypad 958 can be programmed with the image on control and selection textual number display 942 or the miniscope 956.

In another embodiment, receiver 946 is separable with the fuselage 954 of cell phone 940, so that the user puts loud speaker 946 into or close user's ear.Microphone 948 can be talked from the last reception of about one foot distance, because cell phone 940 and user have certain distance.

Figure 49 C shows the back side of cell phone 940.Speaker housings 946 in rearview as seen.Cell phone 940 has camera 962.The electronic image that camera 962 is taken can be transmitted by cell phone 940.Miniscope 956 shown in Figure 49 A and Figure 49 B is used to camera unit 962.Select the image that will be recorded by keypad 958.In addition, cell phone 940 has battery case 964.In a preferred embodiment, a series of floor 966 is arranged with handled easily on the battery case 964.

Though above-described miniscope 110 is to make on SOI (silicon on the insulating barrier) wafer, well-known, miniscope also can be with other fabrication techniques, for example silicon on the quartz shown in Figure 51.

Make the process of miniscope and top similar to the described process of Fig. 8 with the silicon on the quartz at SOI wafer and Fig. 4.Silicon on the quartz is used for display and compares advantage with SOI and be that whole process is simpler.And comparing advantage in display with the silicon on the quartz, SOI is that integrated circuit is simpler, cost is lower.

As everyone knows, except above-described transmission-type miniscope 110, miniscope also can be reflective.In reflected displaying device, optical flare enters display, and is reflected.

Figure 50 illustrates a preferred embodiment of reflective miniscope 968.Display 970 has the miniscope 968 that has active matrix part 972.Active matrix part 972 has liquid crystal material 976 and the opposite electrode 974 separated pixels 978 in the middle of being inserted into.Each pixel 978 all has transistor 980 and pixel electrode 982.Pixel electrode 982 covers on the transistor (TFT) 980 that places on the epoxy layer 984.Pixel electrode 982 is protected or is avoided TFT 980 by rayed.Pixel electrode 982 oxidized layers 990 and channel lines 988 are spaced apart.Opposite electrode 974 links to each other by the remainder of solder joint (solderbump) 992 and circuit.Active matrix 972 has the glass 994 on opposite electrode 974.Miniscope 968 is carried in the housing 996.

Display 970 is at the active matrix 972 of miniscope 970 and be used to see between the lens 1040 of miniscope 970 to have devating prism 1028.Lens 1040, prism 1028 and miniscope 970 are all by display casing 1042 carryings.Display casing 1042 also has a plurality of light-emitting diodes (LED) 1044.LED 1044, and red 1044r, the 1104g of blue 1044b and green are installed on the circuit board 1046 that sequence circuit links to each other.Polarizer 1048 is inserted between LED 1044 and the prism 1028.Imported the liquid crystal 976 of active matrix 972 by prism 1028 from the light of LED 1044.Light is reflected by prism 1028 by pixel electrode 982.Light by the liquid crystal 926 that activated by pixel electrode 982 has part or all of polarization variations; The light that leaves display 970 with different polarizations arrives lens 1040 by prism 1028.Unaltered light is reflected by prism 1028 and leaves lens 1040.The same with transmissive display, LED is also by sequenced flashing.

With reference to figure 52A and Figure 52 B, show a kind of wireless personal communications device 1800.This personal communicator has miniscope 1802.Miniscope 1802 may be the QVGA that preamble was discussed pixel number and size, VGA, and display may be VGA or 226 * 170 pixels of 1/8 in addition, equals about 38,400 pixels.The display of 226 * 170 pixels and the QVGA of 4.8mm * 3.6mm have same size.

In addition, personal communicator 1800 also has second display 1804, and second display 1804 is single file textual number displays in a preferred embodiment.Second display 1804 can show telephone number, state or other details.Be used to select the multiposition control button 1806 of the menu of display 1802 to be placed in this display below.Personal communicator 1800 also has two extra controllers in addition: function selecting controller 1808 and volume controller 1810.Function selecting controller 1808 can be used for selection function, such as MP3, phone, e-mail, beep-pager, am/fm broadcast receiver, camera, image viewer, recreation, GPS, voice memo, voice mail etc.

One side of personal communicator 1800 shells has the slot 1812 that receives flash card 1814.Personal communicator 1800 has the on/off switch 1816 that places the slot top.

With reference to figure 52C, personal communicator 1800 has the digital camera images transducer 1820 that is used for static and video clipping.Dismountable rechargeable battery 1824 is installed on the bonnet of people's communicator 1800.Figure 52 D-52G illustrates other views of personal communicator.

With reference to Figure 53, illustrate from the extended cable 1830 of personal communicator, the flexible antenna of personal communicator is placed in the cable 1830.In addition, can be used to adjust the clip 1834 of the length of cable above the cable in addition.In a preferred embodiment, clip 1834 comprises microphone.But in the personal communicator, microphone is positioned at main shell in another embodiment.In a preferred embodiment, also has earphone jack on the clip.

With reference to figure 54A and 54B, show wear-type personal communication devices 1850 or have the wear-type personal communication devices 1850 of miniscope 1852.Wear-type personal communication devices 1850 has headband 1854 and the suspension rod 1856 that overhead extends.Miniscope 1852 is positioned on the length-adjustable suspension rod 1856.Suspension rod is except adjustable length, and suspension rod can be around rotating with the junction of headband.In a preferred embodiment, suspension rod also has part of the variable-length of placing and the axle between the miniscope, and being used for side changes.

Wear-type personal communication devices has earphone 1850, is placed in the junction of suspension rod and headband.Headband has knot 1860, and knot 1860 has comprised electronic installation and supplying cell.Electronic installation comprises wave point, and blue tooth interface for example is used for and to close on personal communication devices's elementary cell 300 mutual.Figure 54 C-54G shows other views of wear-type personal communication devices.

Figure 55 A and 55B illustrate elementary cell 300.Although the demonstration of elementary cell 300 in shell 304 observed district 302 and illustrated, obviously, when using together with the wear-type personal communication devices, elementary cell does not need demonstration to observe the district.Observe district 302 and have lens 306, the user can observe miniscope by scioptics 306 as described above.The multiplication factor of miniscope can be used and place the knob 308 at shell 304 tops to regulate.

Elementary cell 300 is received in the image information that miniscope is local or show on headset equipment.Image information both can be stored on the smart card 210 in the slot 312 in the shell that can be inserted into elementary cell 300 304 shown in the dotted portion, image information also can be stored in the memory card 214 shown in the dotted portion, memory card 214 can insert in second slot 316 in the shell 304, or by placing the transceivers in the shell 304 to receive.

Elementary cell 300 may have No. five selector switches 318 that place shell 304 tops.Peripheral four buttons 350 allow cursor to move on miniscope, and center button 352 is used for option.The user can select information by the menu above miniscope.Selected information can be by wireless transmission.Use opens or closes elementary cell 300 by the switch 320 that the opening above the shell can touch.Headset equipment shown in Figure 54 A-54G has the off/on switch of himself or may have standby mode when elementary cell is closed.

Elementary cell 300 may have a cover loud speaker in the front side.With images category seemingly, sound has three kinds of sources: smart card 210, memory card 214 or pass through wireless transmission.

Though show smart card and memory card, another embodiment may comprise miniature CD ROM or other insertable storage medium and transducer in addition.

Except using five way switch 318 and miniscope as virtual keypad input data and the commander's elementary cell 300, elementary cell may have the microphone by 356 visits of the opening on the shell 304, be used for using together record or pass through wireless transmission on memory card or other insertable storage mediums with voice command.Wear-type personal communication devices's accent bar may have, and in a preferred embodiment, has and can pass through the mutual microphone of wave point.

Except Radio Link, also may have infrared transceiver 358 in elementary cell 300 with the headset equipment of leading to.Infrared transceiver 358 can be used in elementary cell 300 and have transmission information between the computer of similar infrared transceiver.Infrared transceiver 358 also can use together with the Wireless Keyboard with mouse tracking joystick and a pair of mousebutton.This keyboard can fold and make its thickness be no more than 15mm, also is useful on the touch pad of the input of recording the note or draw in a side of keyboard.Obviously, infrared transceiver can be used to substitute loud speaker as wireless head-band earphone.

Elementary cell 300 has the camera arrangement that comprises a pair of CCD camera 357 and 359.One of camera 357 is in the front side, and when holding elementary cell and watch miniscope with convenient user, it is aiming at the user.Another camera 359 is placed in rear side, the photo of the thing that the user can enough these camera notes, article, building or other want to store into memory or transmission.

The NO.5 that authorizes on September 29th, 1998,815, the NO.09/309 that No. 126 United States Patent (USP)s and on May 10th, 1999 authorize, in No. 155 United States Patent (USP)s transducer that comprise camera relevant with the wear-type miniscope done more detailed description, the content of these documents is all by being incorporated in this paper in this citation.

With reference to Figure 56, lid 1864, printed circuit board 1868 and battery 1870 are retracted out from wear-type personal communication devices's knot 1860.Printed circuit board (PCB) 1868 has wireless receiver and is used for the control circuit of display, and printed circuit board (PCB) has the circuit that is used for microphone and loud speaker in addition.Display, microphone and loud speaker link to each other by the electric wire of passing by in headphone.

Figure 57 illustrates the control circuit on the headset equipment.Digital control circuit 40 obtains by the image that sends from the wave point of elementary cell and with image and is presented on the miniscope 110.Digital control circuit 400 has the interface/processor that is used for receiving from antenna view data.Processor 402 wants data presented to send to memory 406 or flash memory 408 by 410 of sequential control circuits.View data can be a various forms, comprises serial or parallel numerical data, analog rgb data, complex data or s-video.

Sequential control circuit 410 is from interface/processor receive clock and digital controlled signal, and miniscope circuit 110 and back light system 266 are all by sequential control circuit 410 controls.Sequential control circuit 410 transmits control signal to back light system 266 by many circuits 411.The flash of light of the LED 270 relevant on the control signal control miniscope 110 from sequential control circuit 410 with image.The moment, duration and the light intensity of LED 270 flashes of light are controlled.

View data will be sent to miniscope 110 from sequential control circuit 410 by digital to analog converter 412.Simulated image data/signal sends along two paths.Wherein signal will pass through inverter 414 in the paths.Along with the input that switch 416 switches on each subframe, analog video signal and anti-phase analog video signal are replaced feed-in miniscope 110.In addition, the common electric voltage (VCOM) that is input in the display 110 and is applied to anti-phase electrode 144 is switched between two kinds of magnitudes of voltage by switch 418.Being used for the video of switching display and the

switch

416 and 418 of VCOM is controlled by the frame control line 420 from sequential control circuit 410.

Sequential control circuit 410 sends vertical scanning pulse, vertical clock, line scanning pulse and row clock by circuit 422 and 424 to miniscope 110.Line 428 with ready, reset, WE, output enable, color enable, address and data-signal boot memory 406/408 be with the picture frame transmission of control to aforementioned display device 110, these lines all are the forms by the electric wire of wear-type unit extensions.

Being made into and above-described those similar sizes of display on the wear-type personal communication devices.Display can direct viewing shown in Figure 14 C.In a preferred embodiment, image is reflected and departs from prism/half mirror, shown in Figure 58.

Place beyond image is presented at several feet, when display was closed, the user can see the image in its place ahead.As everyone knows, prism/half mirror can comprise and being used for the light path of display from removing at the moment.Optics can be customized to the glasses collaborative work with the user.

Figure 59 is a kind of perspective view of renovating honeycomb/wireless phone 1320 of 1322 that comprises loud speaker 1324 that has.Be equipped with textual number display 1326, keypad 1328, microphone 1330 above renovating and be arranged in the display 1332 of display apparatus module 1334.Fig. 5 illustrate renovate 22 in an closed position.

With reference to Figure 60, renovating of radio telephone 1320 is shown 1322 opens, expose loud speaker 1324 and keypad 1328.Display apparatus module 1334 can be around first axle 35 rotations; Also can be around second axle 36, promptly the axle with respect to main case 1338 horizontal expansions is rotated.Display module 1334 has the focusing button 40 that is used to focus on the image on the display 1332.The application number of submitting in November 30 nineteen ninety-five is NO.08/565, and the optical system to color monitor in 058 the U.S. Patent application file has description, here its all the elements is introduced by reference.Being described in detail in the application number of submitting on November 10th, 1997 such as Jacobsen about other of color monitor optical system is No.08/966,985, in the U.S. Patent application of " the reflective miniscope of portable communications system " by name description is arranged, its all whole contents are incorporated in this paper by quoting as proof here.

In one embodiment, the length of display module 1334 and main shell 1338 and width are approximately respectively 4.7 inches and 1.65 inches.The thickness of phone 1320 approximately is 1.0 inches.

With reference to Figure 61 and 62, radio telephone has antenna 1344.Shown in Figure 66, main shell 1338 has the battery cover 1346 that is used for access battery 1348.

With reference to Figure 63, illustrate and renovate 1322 in an closed positionly, be loaded with textual number display 1326, keypad 1328, microphone 1330 above and lay the display apparatus module 1334 of display 1332.Module 1334 may comprise display, such as the light source of monochrome or color LED array, and the optical lens system of amplifying display epigraph.Focus on button 1340 and do not renovated 1322 coverings, can be seen.Radio telephone 1320 has the mains switch 1350 that places shell 1338 sides, and obviously, mains switch 1350 also may be into a button in the keypad 1328.

With reference to Figure 64, illustrate and renovate 1322 and be in the position of opening.In addition, display module 1334 is shown rotates up with respect to main shell 1338 around axle 1336, in addition, display module 1334 is around vertical spool being rotated of general and longitudinal axis above the hinge 1,354 1336.

Figure 65 shows the bottom of radio display 1320.Antenna 1344 is illustrated from main shell 1338 and stretches out.Draw ring 1352 can touch, to allow to remove battery cover 1346 from main shell 1338.Joystick on the main shell 1338 or be called the printing function that multi-position switch 1356 can be used to select the image on the display 1332 or be used for selecting the phone 1370 in Figure 67.Phone 1320 can activate by voice command.

The application number of submitting on September 30th, 1997 is No.08/942,272, the application number that is entitled as the U.S. Patent application of " camera color display system " and submitted on December 14th, 1999 is No.09/460,960, be entitled as that driving and the circuit to display is described in the U.S. Patent application of " portable minisize display system ", its whole contents be incorporated in this paper by quoting as proof here.In addition, the application number of submitting on September 30th, 1997 is No.08/942, and 272 are entitled as in the U.S. Patent application of " camera color display system " the multichannel driving display is introduced, and its whole contents are incorporated in this paper by quoting as proof here.When radio telephone 1320 from the left side of face or right side when switching, the circuit of its inside can be so that image be anti-phase or the Rotate 180 degree.Which position inclination sensor in the phone on the printed circuit board can be placed in by the indicating circuit phone.

Radio telephone 1320 may have camera, can be by phone 1320 transmission by the electronic image of this camera.Display 1320 is used to watch the image of camera unit record.Use keypad 1328 to select the image that will be recorded.Describe the transducer that comprise camera-enabled relevant above in detail with head mounted display and radio telephone, this description also is present in the No.5 that authorized on September 29th, 1998,815, the No.09/309 that No. 126 United States Patent (USP)s and on May 10th, 1999 submit, in No. 155 U.S. Patent applications, its all the elements are incorporated in this paper by quoting as proof here.

With reference to Figure 67, illustrate and at Figure 59 to the wireless or cell phone that similarly has instant printing equipment shown in Figure 65.What line or cell phone 1320 had that part separates renovates 1322, and loud speaker 1324 is arranged above renovating.Renovate 1322 displays 1332 that can hide in textual number display 1326, keypad 1328, microphone 1330 and the display apparatus module 1334.

In display module 1334, its shell is partly opened in Figure 67, have backlight 1362 miniscope 1360 by with to print plane 924 spaced apart, inserting miniscope 1360 and printing in the middle of the plane 924 be that half mirror, prism, flip mirror or other allow to select is that image projection with miniscope 1360 is on display panel or be incident upon the device of watching in the optical system 1364.

Electronic installation discussed in detail in the above and circuit all are positioned at main shell 1338, and electronic installation and circuit can allow at the color sequence display mode that is used to watch or have between the monochromatic printing model of multi-colored led or single " monochrome " LED to switch.

Although illustrated cellular embodiment with instant printing uses identical display to be used to watch and print, obviously these functions also can be finished by two special-purpose miniscopes respectively, and one is used to watch, and one is used for printing.This situation, in a preferred embodiment, the miniscope that is used to watch is the color sequence escope, the miniscope that is used to print then is the monochrome display with 3 look LED than low velocity; If perhaps wish it is monochrome image, only with a LED.Immediately/figure punch to be to work at the described similar mode of Figure 46-48 with top.

Figure 68,69 illustrates the perspective view with phone 1320 similar wireless/cellular telephones 1610 shown in Figure 59-66.But, except the display apparatus module 1334 that disposes band display screen 1332, also have camera module or plug-in unit 1612 in the radio telephone 1610.

Similar with

radio telephone

1320,1610 have have a loud speaker 1324 renovate 1322.Renovate 1322 and can cover textual number display 1326, keypad 1328 and microphone 1330.

Display module 1334 can be around first axle 35 rotations, and perhaps second axle 36 around relative main case 1338 horizontal expansions rotates.Camera module 1612 has CCD, CMOS or other IMAQ mechanisms 1614.The view data of gathering may be static image or video flowing.

Camera module 1612 display module 1334 relatively is rotated.The CCD device 1614 that Figure 68 illustrates camera module 1612 up, the back side that Figure 69 illustrates camera module 1612 is upwards.

Figure 70 A and 70B illustrate another radio telephone 1630.Phone 1360 have can overlay text digital display 1634 and keypad 1636 renovate 1632.Renovate 1632 and comprise microphone 1638.Radio telephone 1630 has miniscope 1332.Shown in Figure 70 B, the side of radio telephone 1630 has a plurality of control buttons and rocking bar 1640.

Figure 71 A illustrates a kind of wireless display system 1650, and wireless display system 1650 has miniscope 1652.Display system 1650 has and is used for the focusing button 1654 of image focusing to the display 1352.Display system 1650 has the opening type of touching microphone 1656, shown in Figure 71 B.Display system 1650 has roller 1658 and control button 1660, is used to select the image on the display screen 1352 to carry out wireless connections with being used for data, image or voice node.Display system 1650 has the loud speaker 1660 of the shape of double as waist folder.

The radio telephone 1700 that has internet browser and beep-pager function shown in Figure 72 A-72D.Radio telephone 1700 has miniscope 1702.Radio telephone 1700 has and is used for the focusing sliding knob 1704 of image focusing to the miniscope 1702.Shown in Figure 72 B, radio telephone 1700 has the opening type of touching microphone 1706.Four choice of location buttons 1708 on the radio telephone 1700 be used to select above the display screen 1702 image, be used for carrying out wireless connections with data, image or voice node.Radio telephone 1700 has loud speaker 1720.

As Figure 72 C and 72D, radio telephone 1700 has the antenna 1722 that can extract from shell 1724.

With reference to Figure 73, the wireless or cell phone 1400 that can be inserted on the docking station 1402 is shown.Shown in Figure 74, docking station 1402 has miniscope 1404, and display 1404 has and is used for scioptics 1406 with image projection backlight to the minute surface 1408.Minute surface 1408 is redirected image, to project on the film 1410 that will expose.Shown in Figure 73, extract out the groove 1412 of film 1410 from docking station 1402 and washed.The radio telephone 1400 of image above being inserted in docking station 1402 that is written on the display 1404 is received.Image may be from the data of phone 1400 inside or the data of receiving by wireless transmission.

Figure 75 A-75C shows a kind of instant print unit 1420 that links to each other with clip, and the observation lens 1422 of print unit 1420 and radio telephone 1424 produce image together on film 1410.Placed by observing lens 1422 with the display 1420 that clip links to each other, so that the lens 1426 on the instant print unit 1420 will be observed the image focusing of lens 1422 to film 1410.Similar with the embodiment of front, film 1410 is extracted out from the groove 1428 of unit and is washed.In such embodiment, can expect, the speed and the type of used film 1410 can not change in the instant print unit 1420 that links to each other with clip, so that the image that the miniscope of radio telephone 1424 inside 1404 produces does not need to change for different film types is compensated.

With reference to figure 76A and 76B, cell phone 1440 has miniscope 1404 and is used for image projection to the minute surface of observing on the lens 1,444 1442.Minute surface 1442 is rotatable, so that can be by the second channel 1446 of radio telephone 1440, be focused on above the film 1410 that places in the cellular printing annex that is connected with clip by second lens 1448 and second minute surface 1450 from the image of miniscope 1404.

Figure 77 illustrates another embodiment of the collapsible minute surface print unit 1460 that links to each other with clip.In this embodiment, display, promptly miniscope 1404 be positioned at observation lens 1462 on the radio telephone 1464 below.The collapsible minute surface print unit 1460 that links to each other with clip has second lens 1466 that are used to focus an image to above the observation lens 1462 of minute surface 1468.Minute surface 1468 is redirected to instant film 1410 with image.Film can be extracted out from the groove on the shell of the collapsible minute surface print unit 1460 that links to each other with clip.

With reference to figure 78A, show the perspective view that instant print unit 1480 is partly separated.Instant print unit has and has the miniscope backlight 1404 that is used to write with illumination image.The lens 1482 that close on miniscope 1404 arrive image projection above the minute surface 1484.Minute surface 1484 is redirected to image on the film 1440.Door 1486 on the unit 1480 allows loading and unloading can 1488.Groove 1490 allows film 1410 is taken out from unit 1480, washes and watches.Groove 1440 can be integrated in the door 1486.

Figure 78 B illustrates the cutaway view of instant print unit 1480, and the data that wherein are used to write miniscope 1404 are imported this unit into by cable 1492.Be used to write the electronic circuit 1496 of image similar with shown in Figure 46 and Figure 48.Though what illustrate is cable, obviously also can adopt the interface of other types for example wireless, bluetooth or infrared etc.

Can find that the size of film can be: to the area less than whole film, and display lens unit 1500 will show image to whole film to display when film 1502 moves image projection.With reference to figure 79A and 79B, be written into miniscope 1404 from 1/4th image of film.If miniscope 1404 will produce three (3) and plant images: red, green and blue image, the image relevant with first kind of color is written into display, and light is illustrated and is used to illuminate pixel appropriate on the film.Then, close LED, the following piece image relevant with another kind of color is written into, and divides other light to occur or flash of light.After being used to produce these three kinds of colors of 1/4th and all finishing, the display lens unit 1500 that has miniscope and lens moves relative to film 1502 and makes another quadrant align and can be exposed with display lens unit 1500 to show, shown in Figure 79 B.

Another method of finishing film 1/4th is to illuminate the display 1652 that extends along length or width to illuminate film or display paper 1650 one, shown in Figure 80 A.Display may have the lens 1654 that are used for focusedimage shown in Figure 80 B; Perhaps shown in Figure 80 C, more be close to and only illuminate a part.After the part of film was illuminated, film or display unit moved relative to each other.Obviously, the rectangle of display unit shown in may being is perhaps more near square so that illuminate bigger one.

Figure 80 D has schematically shown the miniscope 1658 with single file pixel 1660.Obviously, miniscope 1658 may have wall scroll, two or multirow pixel more.Shown in Figure 80 E, first row 1662 is projected onto on the film, and display 1658 and film 1650 move relative to each other then, and to align with second row 1664, second row is projected onto on the film condensation material 1650 subsequently.Each bar or every provisional capital are projected onto on " n " (corresponding) row of film.

Though show the instant printer in camera, phone, the phone docking station, obviously use the instant printing function of miniscope to be fabricated in the various device, comprise PDA, video camera, computer, VCR, DVD, TV or the like.In addition, instant printer can also be fabricated in the docking station that is used for similar devices.

Instant printer may be the parts that are used for the commercial image printer in image processing shop or the convenience store.This equipment can use in the cubicle of preparing for client.Cubicle can receive input from memory device, camera, and may have its oneself built-in still camera or video camera.

Described at cell phone as the front, the image that print can be by wireless or inner passing in the equipment.In addition, also can from videos such as MPEG or NTSC, catch image.Equally, data can be from memory card, computer disk, infrared radiation source, bluetooth, such as computer interfaces such as RS-232, USB or fire compartment walls, and are perhaps wireless.

Be that the docking station 1550 that links to each other with radio telephone 1552 is shown with reference to figure 81A.Docking station 1550 has plug 1554, is used for linking the data connector 1556 that connects radio telephone 1552, shown in Figure 81 B.The plug of docking station 1550 or interface connector 1554 link to each other with printed circuit board 1560, and printed circuit board 1560 has the drive circuit that is used to drive miniscope 1562 and backlight 1564.User's scioptics 1566 are watched miniscope 1562.Lens 1566, miniscope 1562 and backlight 1564 be placed at shown in Figure 81 D open position and the plug-in unit 1568 that shown in Figure 81 C, rotates between the off-position on.

Figure 82 A and 82B show the front and the reverse side of the wireless cell phone 1680 with miniscope 1682 and camera unit 1684.Miniscope 1682 and camera unit 1684 are placed in independently on the shell 1686 that can rotate with respect to keypad-part 1688, similar with shown in Figure 56-64.Figure 82 C shows the stand-alone shell 1686 that comprises the miniscope 1682 that digital camera 1684 and relative keypad-part 1688 rotate through.

Figure 83 shows the end view of the radio telephone 1690 with miniscope 1692.Its part is separated to illustrate from miniscope 1692 and backlight 1694 being redirected to the image of observing lens 1696.Among Figure 83, minute surface 1698 is used for the redirection map picture.The view that similarly is exaggerated is seen Figure 84 B.In addition, shown in Figure 84 A, prism 1699 can be used to the redirection map picture.

Though the present invention is illustrated especially and describes with reference to its preferred embodiment, those skilled in the art can understand, and do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention that are defined by the following claims out, just can carry out the various modifications on form and the details.

Claims

1. radio telephone comprises:

The shell that has keypad;

Active matrix liquid crystal display;

Support the display casing of described LCD, described display casing is rotatable to be fixed on the described shell;

Image sensor apparatus;

Support the camera housing of described image sensor apparatus, described camera housing is rotatable to be fixed on the described display casing.

2. radio telephone according to claim 1, wherein, described image sensor apparatus is a charge-coupled device (CCD).

3. radio telephone according to claim 1, wherein, described image sensor apparatus is the CMOS type.

4. radio telephone according to claim 1, wherein, described active matrix liquid crystal display is the color sequence display system, comprises that also Tricolor LED (LED) is backlight.

5. radio telephone according to claim 1 also comprises the textual number display that has on the described shell.

6. radio telephone according to claim 1, wherein, described active matrix liquid crystal display have comprise be at least 320 * 240 array and less than the pixel electrode array of 160 square millimeters active area.

7. as radio telephone as described in the claim 6, wherein, described pixel electrode array comprises it being 640 * 480 array at least.

8. radio telephone also comprises and is used to carry renovating of keypad according to claim 1.

9. an an instant camera comprises: the image sensor apparatus that is used for document image;

Be used for obtaining electronic image and handling the control circuit of described image from described imageing sensor;

Active matrix liquid crystal display, described display have to be 320 * 240 at least and to receive the pixel electrode array of the active area of processed images less than 200 square millimeters be used to;

Illuminate light-emitting diode (LED) device of described LCD;

The plane of taking pictures; With

Be used for the lens of image focusing on the described plane of taking pictures with described display.

10. as an instant camera as described in the claim 9, wherein, described pixel electrode array comprises it being 640 * 480 array at least.

11. as an instant camera as described in the claim 9, wherein, enclosure volume is less than 1000 cubic centimetres.

12. as an instant camera as described in the claim 9, wherein, enclosure volume is less than 750 cubic centimetres.

13. a radio micro display system comprises:

Have is 320 * 240 and less than the active matrix liquid crystal display of the pixel electrode array of 200 square millimeters active area at least;

Be used to watch the optical system of described display;

Be used to receive and send the wireless transceiver of information;

Microphone; With

Be used to select the selector button of image.

14. as radio micro display as described in the claim 13, wherein, described microphone forms the waist folder and comprises the Mike who turns over down.

15. a method that produces printing comprises step:

Digital picture is provided;

Described digital picture is divided into a plurality of images, and each is relevant with a kind of particular color;

Drive active matrix liquid crystal display and write the image relevant with a kind of particular color;

By the LCD projection light so that the image of described LCD is thrown

Be mapped on the sensitive paper; And

Other colors are repeated described driving and projection process.

16. a portable communications system comprises;

Shell;

The wireless receiver that described shell has;

Be used to produce the active matrix liquid crystal display of the image that receives in the electronics mode by described wireless receiver;

Being provided with that shell has is received in the image that forms on the described active matrix liquid crystal display and described image amplified the lens of twice at least; With

The digital printer that shell has is used to be printed on the image that forms on the described LCD.

17. as portable communications system as described in the claim 16, wherein, described wireless receiver is the wireless transceiver as an element of mobile phone.

18. as portable communications system as described in the claim 16, wherein said LCD both had been used to watch and also had been used to figure punch.

19. as portable communications system as described in the claim 16, wherein, have two LCD at least, first LCD is used to watch, second LCD plays the light valve effect of figure punch

20. as portable communications system as described in the claim 16, wherein, digital printer has

Obtain electronic image and handle the control circuit of described image;

Receive the active matrix liquid crystal display of the described image of cutting out from described control circuit; With

Illuminate described backlight liquid crystal display.

21., also comprise the lens of image focusing on the plane of taking pictures that are used for described display as digital printer as described in the claim 20.

22. as digital printer as described in the claim 20, wherein, Active Matrix Display be monochromatic display system and backlight be that Tricolor LED (LED) is backlight.

23. as digital printer as described in the claim 20, wherein, backlight is light-emitting diode (LED).

24., also comprise an instant camera with the charge-coupled device (CCD) that is used for document image as portable communications system as described in the claim 16; Be used for obtaining electronic image and handling described image, and send to the control circuit of described digital printer from CCD.

25. a digital printer comprises:

Be used to obtain electronic image also the control circuit of described image processing to a plurality of pixels, each pixel has the particular level of at least two kinds of colors;

Active matrix liquid crystal display with pixel electrode array;

Be used for whole pixel electrode array is driven into the voltage that equates with first mesomorphic state, optionally pixel electrode be transformed into the drive circuit of the voltage that second mesomorphic state that depends on the particular level relevant with one of color equates then; With

The light source that illuminate described LCD relevant with each color.

26. as digital printer as described in the claim 25, wherein, the level of one or more colors is zero.

27. as digital printer as described in the claim 25, wherein, first mesomorphic state is limpid, second mesomorphic state is a black.

28. as digital printer as described in the claim 25, wherein, first mesomorphic state is a black, second mesomorphic state is limpid.

29., also comprise being used for the lens of the image focusing of described display on the photograph plane as digital printer as described in the claim 25.

30. as digital printer as described in the claim 25, wherein, light source is have Tricolor LED (LED) backlight.

31., also comprise the film of taking pictures that is positioned on the plane of taking pictures as digital printer as described in the claim 30.

32. as digital printer as described in the claim 25, wherein, described pixel electrode array is at least 320 * 240 array and has active area less than 160 square millimeters.

33. as digital printer as described in the claim 32, wherein, described pixel electrode array comprises at least 640 * 480 array.

34., also comprise being used for the lens of the image focusing of described display on the photograph plane as digital printer as described in the claim 33.

35. as digital printer as described in the claim 34, wherein, described light source is have Tricolor LED (LED) backlight.

36. an an instant camera comprises:

The charge-coupled device (CCD) that is used for document image;

Be used for obtaining electronic image and the control circuit of described image processing on a large amount of pixels, each pixel all has the particular level of at least 2 kinds of colors from CCD;

Active matrix liquid crystal display with a plurality of pixel electrodes;

The light source that illuminate LCD relevant with each color;

The photograph plane; With

The lens of the image focusing of LCD on described photograph plane.

37. as an instant camera as described in the claim 36, wherein, the level of one or more colors is zero.

38. as an instant camera as described in the claim 36, wherein first mesomorphic state is limpid, second mesomorphic state is a black.

39. as an instant camera as described in the claim 36, wherein first mesomorphic state is a black, second mesomorphic state is limpid.

40. as an instant camera as described in the claim 36, wherein pixel electrode array comprises and is at least 320 * 240 array and has active area less than 160 square millimeters.

41. as an instant camera as described in the claim 40, wherein, pixel electrode array comprises and is at least 640 * 480 array.

42. as an instant camera as described in the claim 36, wherein, enclosure volume is less than 1000 cubic centimetres.

43. as an instant camera as described in the claim 42, wherein, enclosure volume is less than 500 cubic centimetres.

44. as an instant camera as described in the claim 43, wherein, pixel electrode array comprises and is at least 320 * 240 array and has active area less than 160 square millimeters.

45. a method that produces printing comprises step:

Digital picture is provided;

Described digital picture is divided at least two electronic images, and each electronic image is relevant with a kind of particular color;

Handling on a plurality of pixels with every kind of relevant electronic image of color, each pixel has the particular level relevant with the certain relevant color;

The pixel electrode array of whole active matrix liquid crystal display is driven into the voltage that equates with first mesomorphic state;

Optionally pixel electrode is transformed into the voltage that equates with second mesomorphic state that depends on the particular level relevant with one of color;

By the LCD projection light relevant so that the image projection of LCD with particular color to sensitive paper;

Repeatedly optionally electrode is transformed into voltage that equates with second mesomorphic state that depends on the particular level relevant with one of color and the light of being correlated with at one of several particular level projections and color; With

Other colors are repeated this process.

46. as method as described in the claim 45, wherein, the level of one or more colors is zero.

47. as method as described in the claim 45, wherein, first mesomorphic state is limpid, second mesomorphic state is a black.

48. as method as described in the claim 45, wherein, first mesomorphic state is a black, second mesomorphic state is limpid.