CN1419147A - Automatic focusing regulation method and device for multiple variable ptial imaging system of 3D object - Google Patents
Automatic focusing regulation method and device for multiple variable ptial imaging system of 3D object Download PDFInfo
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- CN1419147A CN1419147A CN 01134807 CN01134807A CN1419147A CN 1419147 A CN1419147 A CN 1419147A CN 01134807 CN01134807 CN 01134807 CN 01134807 A CN01134807 A CN 01134807A CN 1419147 A CN1419147 A CN 1419147A
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Abstract
The invention is an automatic-focusing equipment and method of multiplying-power variable optical imaging system of three-dimensional object. The equipment includes: an image-receiving equipment, receiving and producing the image and used to judge focusing degree, an imaging-part drive and control equipment and an image analysis and processing system; the image-receiving equipment are coaxally installed with the lens and receives the objective optical image, which is converted to electric signal by photoelectric conversion, and then the electric signal is sent to the image analysis and processing system; the drive and control equipment makes mechanical and electric link with the lens and the image-receiving equipment; the image analysis and processing system is connected with the drive and control equipment through cable to make data exchange.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of automatic focusing method and device of optical imaging system, particularly relate to a kind of in optical imaging system, especially in optical imagery image processing system, can regulate the automatic focusing method and the device of optics enlargement ratio to the three-dimensional body imaging.
Background technology
The correct use of any optical imaging system all should be satisfied a common pacing items, promptly correctly focuses on.When the desirable object plane generation that is observed object and optical system departed from, focusing just became a key issue in the optical system use.The quality of system's focusing is the important symbol of picture quality, for the optical imagery disposal system, because image that image device obtained is the basic condition and the foundation of post analysis, so that the focusing problem seems is particularly important, for the system that requires real-time focusing, must solve the dynamically problem of focusing.At different optical imaging systems, people have proposed multiple focus adjustment method.
Early stage focus adjustment method is manual focusing (this method is widespread use still now), and this method relies on the focus level of people's visual determination system imaging.Because the subjectivity of people's visual determination is strong, so when optical imaging system is carried out focus adjustment, the optimal imaging focal position can be different along with operator's difference, even to same operator, also can be owing to eyesight reason such as tired out or stress cause each focusing to be not quite similar.Therefore, utilize this method to be difficult to obtain best image quality, also can't realize dynamic focusing.
In order to overcome the deficiency of said method, along with the development of microelectric technique, micro-computer technology, display technique and photometry components and parts, automatic dynamic focusing technology obtains significant progress.Automatic focusing relies on the objective judgement of device to realize.Automatic focusing method roughly is divided three classes: the first kind is a telemetry, comprise triangulation and reflection interval mensuration etc.The weak point of this method is, need on the basis of former optical instrument, add special range finding mechanism and finish the measurement of adjusting the distance adjusting with the decision device, thereby increased the complicacy of system,, seldom used now because the restriction of distance-finding method and precision causes focusing accuracy lower.
Second class methods are the imaging beam determining method, comprise method of astigmatism, knife-edge method, interferometric method, eccentric pencil method etc.As: among the CN-2051359U disclosed in the light path eccentric beam automatic focusing instrument [1], CN-1080402A disclosed automatic focusing system by interferometry all belong to these class methods [2], the advantage of these class methods is that focusing accuracy is than first kind height, but its weak point just can be finished the automatic focusing process for needing special additional device, and to device itself and the assembling have relatively high expectations complex structure.
The 3rd class methods are imaging image planes quality testing method, and this method is one of developing direction of present automatic focusing.This method is particularly useful in the optical imagery disposal system, and it is by making estimation to judging as the quality of imaging on the receiving device to system's focusing situation, and automatic focusing that can the real-time implementation system.The advantage of this method is, need not to add special focusing device in addition and can realize automatic focusing, and system architecture is simple, low to the focusing requirement on devices, and its degree of regulation height.At this, what should be mentioned that is the focus adjustment method and the device [3] of disclosed a kind of optical imagery system in patent CN-1065341A.Focus adjustment method in this invention is: the method for utilizing photoelectricity spot scan or line scanning, on the adjusting direction, obtain three image sharpness values on the diverse location as three points on the theoretical curve, simulate theoretical curve, obtain the summit of this curve, regulate by this regulated value of determining then.Yet, said method in force, following problem can appear: owing to the photoelectricity noise of photoelectronic imaging device can be to reasons such as image impact, near even resonable being thought of as the image position, the definition values curve also many fluctuatings can occur, so the hump that obtains of method is not all to be the optimal imaging position in all cases thus.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming and defect of above-mentioned the whole bag of tricks; In order to improve focusing accuracy, and just can finish the automatic focusing process not needing special additional device, reaching resulting hump all is the optimal imaging position in all cases, thereby provide a kind of simple in structure, with step-by-step system regulate between object lens and the picture receiving device distance and (or) distance between object lens and the object, reach requirement and definite enlargement ratio is focused that the value of evaluation function is till reaching maximum, a kind of automatic focusing method and device that comprises three-dimensional body optical imagery variable power to one until enlargement ratio.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: the automatic focusing device of the variable power optical imaging system of a kind of three-dimensional body provided by the invention comprises three parts at least:
One receives and produces image, be used to judge focus level as receiving trap, at least one drives and control device in order to the image-forming block of controlling relevant image-forming block and carrying out directed movement, and at least one is in order to the image analysis processing system that the image that system is obtained carries out imaging analysis and processing, and this schematic representation of apparatus as shown in Figure 1; Wherein install as receiving trap and lens common optical axis, and the optical imagery that is become behind the receiving target thing scioptics, this device converts optical imagery to electric signal by opto-electronic conversion, and by being electrically connected the electric signal of image is sent to the image analysis processing system; Driving and control device and lens with carry out mechanical connection as receiving trap and be connected with electric control, send instruction as required and drive the two and move along optical axis; The image analysis processing system is electrically connected with driving and control device by cable and carries out exchanges data.
In device of the present invention, used illumination light is a polarized light, also can adopt other light source (as, white light) target object is thrown light on, can adopt the method that adds diaphragm or two linear polarizations can change the light intensity that incides on the CCD video camera this moment between object and the lens, this adjustment also is enforceable.
In device of the present invention, also can adopt a stepper motor to come drive lens and CCD video camera to carry out translation, stepper motor is electrically connected with computing machine (for driving and control device, it and image analysis processing system are expressed as two parts in Fig. 1, be one in Fig. 2), can realize more accurate automatic adjusting.
In device of the present invention, described image processing system can adopt the computing machine 17 among the embodiment also can adopt other single-chip microcomputer, electronic circuits such as single card microcomputer are realized the control to system, it can be finished image is analyzed and carried out computing according to the algorithm of setting, and drives and control device sends command signal how to judge to image-forming block.
In device of the present invention, described picture receiving trap is ccd video camera or similar array photoelectricity image device.
Described driving and control device can be that stepper motor comes drive lens and CCD video camera to carry out translation, and stepper motor is electrically connected with computing machine.
In device of the present invention,
The principle of work of automatic focusing device provided by the invention is as follows: according to imaging formula, image-forming block drives and control device send instruction make lens with (or) move to certain image space along optical axis direction with certain step pitch as receiving trap.As receiving trap the optical imagery that incides on its receiving plane is carried out opto-electronic conversion, and electric signal is delivered to the image analysis processing system carry out Flame Image Process and analysis, determining the focusing situation of imaging system, and judge whether to drive and control device send signal with drive lens with (or) move along optical axis as receiving trap.According to method provided by the invention, after reaching needed enlargement ratio and best focus position, imaging system stops.
Using device of the present invention, to carry out the automatic focusing method step of variable power optical imaging system of three-dimensional body as follows:
(1) to the optics enlargement ratio of computing machine input sample; According to imaging formula, regulate automatically lens and
Image device (ccd video camera or similar array photoelectricity image device) moves to along optical axis
In the neighborhood of theoretical image space (as, less than 5~10 times of depth of focus under the given enlargement ratio
The position);
(2) on sample image, select a zone that comprises certain pixel as the automatic focusing zone;
(3),, make the brightness of image by the device in the regulating system in order to obtain focus effect preferably
Reach a suitable degree;
(4) connect in order to improve the sensitivity of focusing function, to utilize as receiving device (as: ccd video camera)
Continuous obtain multiple image and average, and obtain the sample image of this moment;
(5) utilize and to have unique peaked sharpness evaluation function zone selected in the step (2) is advanced
The line definition value is calculated, and obtains the evaluation function value U of this moment
0
(6) mobile imaging parts (that is, object, lens or picture receive as device) are with selected step pitch
(being not more than the minimum depth of focus within the range of adjustment) moves in theoretical image space neighborhood along optical axis
Moving step pitch, an images acquired then;
(7) utilize the sharpness evaluation function identical on the image that obtains in the step (6) with step (5)
Calculate with the locational zone of same pixel selected in the step (2), obtain at this moment
Evaluation function value U
i(i=1,2...n);
(8) before and after theoretical position, repeat step (5)~(6), obtain n U
iValue is at U
i
Middle of selecting maximum, the position P of moving-member when the records appraisal function is got maximal value;
(9) moving-member is adjusted to position P, is best focus position.
Automatic focusing method of the present invention makes image reach certain brightness value by regulating optical system, its objective is in order to improve the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of image, to increase the sensitivity of focusing.Utilize the time average of multiple image or single image is carried out the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) that method such as level and smooth improves image, its objective is in order to increase the sensitivity of focusing.In order to obtain the blur-free imaging value of three-dimensional body, employing has single peaked image sharpness evaluation function (as: Laplacian function, Sobel function or Robert function) definition values calculating is carried out in selected zone.
The advantage of automatic focusing method of the present invention and device is as follows:
(1) focusing accuracy height can obtain the focusing accuracy less than a depth of focus;
(2) need not additionally to increase secondary optics in the optical imagery disposal system, optical system structure is simple, and focusing device is not had specific (special) requirements.
(3) first step that adopts among the present invention will place the neighborhood of ideal image position as receiving device, and measuring n point is on the resonable neighborhood that is thought of as the image position, n the position in the wide region, therefore can obtain the image space of the best.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is an automatic focusing device synoptic diagram of the present invention
Fig. 2 is a kind of automatic focusing device embodiment synoptic diagram of the present invention
Fig. 3 is lens position---the normalized curve of evaluation function value of focus adjustment process when using automatic focusing method of the present invention
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Make the automatic focusing device of the variable power optical imaging system of a three-dimensional body by Fig. 2, the center of object 1 and CCD video camera 8 is installed in by on the lens 4 determined systematic optical axis.A branch of parallel polarized lightwave is as light source irradiation target object 1, projects imaging on the image sensing surface of CCD video camera 8 after the light wave after object 1 surface reflection is through linear polarization device 2 and lens 4.CCD video camera 8 is by opto-electronic conversion, and the electric image signal of obtaining is sent to image pick-up card in the computing machine 17, image pick-up card the electric signal image transitions become computing machine the image file that can handle.
Comprised following four parts in the computing machine 17:
● image analysis processing software: the image from image pick-up card is carried out analyzing and processing, to system
The focusing situation is judged, regulates for imaging system and prepares.
● Control Software:, pass through step motor control according to the judgement of the imaging multiplying power of system and the situation of focusing
Card is given 22,13,14 of the drivers of linear polarization device 2, lens 4 and CCD video camera 8
Send motor message;
● stepping motor control card: send the motion letter respectively for stepping motor driver 22,13,14
Number, thereby drive stepping motor 21,11,12 is rotated respectively respectively, thus realized polarizer
2 rotations around optical axis, lens 4 and CCD video camera 8 are along the translation of optical axis;
● image pick-up card: receive the image that is obtained from CCD video camera 8, the row format of going forward side by side
Conversion, thus become image transitions the image analysis processing software in the computing machine to analyze and to handle
Picture format (as, tiff format);
The device of Application Example 1, in order to realize the automatic focusing of optical imagery disposal system, carry out according to following step: (1) imports the optics enlargement ratio of sample in computing machine, computing machine 17 passes through stepping motor control card, send movement instruction to stepper motor driver 13 and 14, this two driver drive stepping motor 11 and 12 respectively is rotated, thereby make lens 4 and CCD video camera 8 along optical axis direction according to certain step pitch, speed, acceleration moves, in the neighborhood that moves to according to the theoretical image space of imaging formula (as, 5~10 of depth of focus times position under the given enlargement ratio) till; In this process, computing machine obtains the physical location of ccd video camera and lens by feedback assembly (not drawing) in Fig. 2; (2) image of the target object 1 of CCD video camera 8 picked-up this moment, and by image pick-up card converts picture signal to picture format that the image analysis processing software of computing machine 17 can be discerned.Selected zone that comprises certain pixel is as the automatic focusing zone on this image; (3) in order to obtain focus effect preferably, computing machine 17 sends movement instruction by stepping motor control card to stepper motor driver 22, drives polarizer and is rotated around its central shaft.Because emergent light still is elliptically polarized light after target object reflects incident polarized light, so just can change the light intensity that projects on CCD video camera 8 image sensing surfaces by polarizer 2, thereby can be so that the brightness of image reaches a suitable value, meet the demands if fail, can achieve the goal by changing the polarization of incident light attitude (such as, the linear polarization or the light intensity of change incident ray polarized light); (4) in order to improve the sensitivity of focusing function, utilize CCD video camera 8 obtain continuously multiple image (as, 10 width of cloth) and utilize image processing software in the computing machine 17 it to be carried out several are average, thereby reduced the influence of random noise, with the basis of this image as analysis to image; (5) the image processing software utilization in the computing machine 17 has unique peaked sharpness evaluation function and definition values is carried out in zone selected in the step (2) calculates, and obtains the evaluation function value U of this moment
0This sharpness evaluation function can be Laplacian function, Sobel function or Robert function, and other has unique peaked sharpness evaluation function; Adopt in the prior art at 3 and simulate theoretical curve, go out on this curve the pairing thing of maximal value to the distance of object lens by Theoretical Calculation then.According to this method, the place one's entire reliance upon value of three points of the accuracy of curve.Adopt the computing method of the described definition values of prior art, might the resonable neighborhood that is thought of as the image position, rather than real ideal image position, local extremum appears.Therefore maximal value probably is not best image space in the curve that comes out of match.The first step that adopts among the present invention will place the neighborhood of ideal image position as receiving device, measure n the point be
On n the position in the neighborhood of ideal image position, the wide region, so just can obtain the best
Image space.
(6) Control Software of computing machine 17 by by stepping motor control card to stepper motor driver 13 or
14 send movement instruction, and this driver drive stepping motor 11 and 12 respectively is rotated, from
And make lens 4 or CCD video camera 8 along optical axis direction to regulate in the multiplying power scope
Minimum depth of focus moves a step pitch along optical axis in theoretical image space neighborhood;
(7) before and after theoretical position, repeat step (4)~(6), obtain U
i(i=1,2...n) value,
At U
iMiddle of selecting maximum, the position of moving-member when the records appraisal function is got maximal value
P;
(8) moving-member is adjusted to position P, is best focus position.
The lens position of this focus adjustment process---the normalized curve of evaluation function value as shown in Figure 3.This curve adopts the Robert evaluation function as the image sharpness evaluation function, and as can be seen from the figure, this curve has some Local Extremum in whole focusing process, but has only a maximal value, and maximal value place lens position is best focus position.The present invention adopt other have unique peaked image sharpness evaluation function (as, Laplacian function, Sobel function) also can obtain similar result.
According to the experiment of reality, this method and apparatus can make focusing accuracy less than depth of focus minimum in the enlargement ratio scope.This shows that this focus adjustment method and device can be regulated the optics enlargement ratio and can carry out high-precision automatic focusing in the optical imagery image processing system to the three-dimensional body imaging.
Claims (11)
1. the automatic focusing device of the variable power optical imaging system of a three-dimensional body, it is characterized in that: comprise three parts at least: one receives and produces image, be used to judge the picture receiving trap of focus level, one drives and control device in order to control the image-forming block that relevant image-forming block carries out directed movement, and an image analysis processing system that carries out imaging analysis and processing in order to the image that system is obtained; Wherein install as receiving trap and lens common optical axis, the optical imagery that is become behind the receiving target thing scioptics converts optical imagery to electric signal by opto-electronic conversion, and by being electrically connected the electric signal of image is sent to the image analysis processing system; Driving and control device and lens with carry out mechanical connection as receiving trap and be connected with electric control, the image analysis processing system is electrically connected with driving and control device by cable and carries out exchanges data.
2. press the automatic focusing device of the variable power optical imaging system of the described three-dimensional body of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the center of object (1) and CCD video camera (8) is installed in by on the determined systematic optical axis of lens (4), a branch of parallel polarized lightwave is as light source irradiation target object (1), imaging on the image sensing surface through projecting CCD video camera (8) behind process linear polarization device (2) of the light wave after object (1) surface reflection and the lens (4), CCD video camera (8) passes through opto-electronic conversion, the electric image signal of obtaining is sent to image pick-up card in the computing machine (17), image pick-up card the electric signal image transitions become computing machine the image file that can handle.
3. press the automatic focusing device of the variable power optical imaging system of claim 1 or 2 described three-dimensional bodies, it is characterized in that: described linear polarization device (2) is installed on the support (3), stepping motor (21) drives linear polarization device (2) by the gear train on the support (20) and is rotated around its central shaft, stepping motor (21) is electrically connected with driver (22), driver (22) is electrically connected with stepping motor control card in the computing machine (17), and receives the control signal from stepping motor control card.
4. press the automatic focusing device of the variable power optical imaging system of claim 1 or 2 described three-dimensional bodies, it is characterized in that: described lens (4) are installed on the support (5), support (5) is installed on the guide rail (6) that can slide, stepper motor (11) is connected with leading screw (19) by shaft coupling (9), leading screw (19) cooperates with nut (18) on the lens carrier (5), stepper motor (11) is electrically connected with its driver (13), driver (13) is electrically connected with stepping motor control card in the computing machine (17), and receives the control signal from stepping motor control card.
5. press the automatic focusing device of the variable power optical imaging system of claim 1 or 2 described three-dimensional bodies, it is characterized in that: described CCD video camera (8) is installed on the support (7), support (7) is installed on the guide rail (6), stepper motor (12) is connected and drives it with leading screw (15) by shaft coupling (10) and is rotated, leading screw (15) cooperates with nut (16) on the support (7), stepper motor (12) is electrically connected with its driver (14), driver (14) is electrically connected with stepping motor control card in the computing machine (17), and receives the control signal from stepping motor control card.
6. press the automatic focusing device of the variable power optical imaging system of the described three-dimensional body of claim 1, it is characterized in that: also comprise when using white light to impinge upon object, on the light path between object and the lens, adopt to add a diaphragm or two linear polarizations.
7. press the automatic focusing device of the variable power optical imaging system of the described three-dimensional body of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described is ccd video camera or similar array photoelectricity image device as receiving trap.
8. press the automatic focusing device of the variable power optical imaging system of the described three-dimensional body of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described imageable target object is a three-dimensional body.
9. by the automatic focusing device of the variable power optical imaging system of the described three-dimensional body of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described image analysis processing system is robot calculator or electronic circuit.
10. the method that application rights requires the automatic focusing device of the variable power optical imaging system of 1 described three-dimensional body to focus is characterized in that: the optics enlargement ratio of input sample; According to imaging formula, to regulate lens and image device automatically and move in the neighborhood of theoretical image space along optical axis, concrete steps are as follows:
(1) on sample image, selectes a zone that comprises certain pixel as the automatic focusing zone;
(2),, make the brightness of image by the device in the regulating system in order to obtain focus effect preferably
Reach a suitable degree;
(3) in order to improve the sensitivity of focusing function, utilization is obtained multiple image continuously as receiving device and is gone forward side by side
Row is average, and obtains the sample image of this moment;
(4) utilize and to have unique peaked sharpness evaluation function zone selected in the step (2) is advanced
The line definition value is calculated, and obtains the evaluation function value U of this moment
0
(5) the mobile imaging parts move a step in theoretical image space neighborhood along optical axis with selected step pitch
Distance, images acquired then;
(6) utilize the sharpness evaluation function identical on the image that obtains in the step (6) with step (5)
Calculate with the locational zone of same pixel selected in the step (2), obtain at this moment
Evaluation function value U
i(i=1,2...n);
(7) before and after theoretical position, repeat step (5)~(6), obtain n U
iValue is at U
i
Middle of selecting maximum, the position P of moving-member when the records appraisal function is got maximal value;
(8) moving-member is adjusted to position P, is best focus position.
11., it is characterized in that described the modulation is following mode by the described focus adjustment method of claim 10:
(1) object is modulated by the light intensity to incident light wave, thereby incides the optical imaging system that can react the topographic profile of object as the light intensity on the receiving plane; Or
(2) object is modulated mutually by the position to incident light wave, accepts the optical imaging system that light intensity on the face can be reacted the topographic profile of object thereby incide picture.
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CN101216591B (en) * | 2008-01-16 | 2010-11-10 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十五研究所 | Image gray scale based automatic focusing method and its system |
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CN109883391A (en) * | 2019-03-20 | 2019-06-14 | 北京环境特性研究所 | Monocular distance measuring method based on microlens array digital imagery |
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