CN1414139A

CN1414139A - Ultrasonic electrolytic tank

Info

Publication number: CN1414139A
Application number: CN02125061A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘春桥
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2002-07-02
Filing date: 2002-07-02
Publication date: 2003-04-30
Anticipated expiration: 2022-07-02
Also published as: CN1311101C

Abstract

An ultrasonic electrolyzer is composed of ultrasonic generator. Its advantages are broad spectrum, simple structure, and low cost. It is used for electrolyzing water to obtain hydrogen gas and oxygen gas.

Description

Ultrasonic electrolytic tank

One, the present invention relates to a kind of electrolyzer of forming by ultrasonic generator that is used for brine electrolysis.Its series product are used for brine electrolysis, produce hydrogen and oxygen, satisfy industrial production and people's lives and laboratory needs.

Two, the origin of research topic.

(57 pages in main reference junior three chemistry book textbook, 28,29 pages of 2002 4 phases " invention and innovation " magazines).

Present fuel mainly is oil, coal, natural gas, and they all can produce noxious air bodies such as air-polluting carbonic acid gas, carbon monoxide when burning.Moreover these energy are just day by day exhausted, and this just presses for when seeking a kind of uses pollution-free, the new forms of energy that reserves enrich.Hydrogen a kind of energy that comes to this.Hydrogen many other fuel advantage can't be obtained that acts as a fuel: at first, resources such as oil, coal, natural gas are limited, and hydrogen can use water as raw material and produces, and source is widely arranged.Earth surface is covered by 71% water, has 2.1 * 10 ²¹Ton.Secondly, during combustion of hydrogen heat release many, liberated heat is about three times of gasoline of homogenous quantities, the 3rd, the great advantage of hydrogen fuel is that the product after its burning is a water, it is free from environmental pollution, water becomes the raw material that hydrogen is produced again.

How cheap the development hydrogen energy source need solve, prepare hydrogen and problems such as safe storage, transportation of hydrogen gas how in large quantities, how the development utilization hydrogen energy source field that to be many scientists just endeavouring studies.I think: subject matter should be to find a kind of effective ways of feasible water of decomposition.Therefore this patent produces.

Three, the technical problem of prior art situation and existence.(referring to: 50 pages in junior three chemistry textbook, 28 to 29 pages of 2002 10 phases " invention and innovation " magazines, 24 pages in Senior Two chemistry textbook, 25 pages, 132 pages)

1, laboratory hydrogen generation, zinc commonly used and dilute sulphuric acid are placed in the kipp gas generator to be produced.Though satisfy the demand, the cost height, hydrogen output is little, can not satisfy industrial requirement, more can not big area promote the use of.

2, industrial natural gas commonly used (major ingredient is a methane) or water-gas (mixed gas of a hydrogenated carbon and hydrogen) etc. are done raw material and are prepared hydrogen; Perhaps obtain hydrogeneous source of the gas, separate purifying hydrogen of hydrogen again with methods such as ammonia cracking, methanol decompositions.Though can satisfy industrial needs at present, resource-constrained does not have source widely.And the production process complexity, dirty source environment, cost height need look for novel method to replace.

3, use hydrogen producer for what do not have an enriched gas source, traditional hydrogen preparation method is that electrolytic process and thermochemical cycle are decomposed water law.Because water is weak electrolyte, destroy hydrogen-oxygen key (H ₂O) and the energy that needs of the mortise of hydrogen bond many.According to statistics, electrolytic process hydrogen manufacturing production cost is an every standard cubic meter hydrogen 3-5 unit, the production cost height, and water to become the transformation efficiency of hydrogen also lower, have only 30%-40%; Still undesirable (annotate: pure water in the time of 25 ℃, H ₃O ⁺And OH ^-Concentration respectively equal 10 ^-7Mol).

Four, the purpose of innovation and creation.

A kind of ultrasonic electrolytic tank simple in structure is provided; be used in time, fast, in a large number, the huge water of reserves on the electrolysis earth effectively; directly produce high-grade energy hydrogen and Industrial materials oxygen that industry takies; solve the energy dilemma of current society, the disadvantage of effecting a radical cure current industrial fuel serious environment pollution.

Five, the technical scheme of ultrasonic electrolytic tank.

The formation of ultrasonic electrolytic tank: the top at vertical diaphragm sell installs ultrasonic generator additional, has just formed ultrasonic electrolytic tank.

Vertical diaphragm sell is that traditional industry is produced the electrolyzer that chlorine and caustic soda are used.Ultrasonic generator is acoustic driver, is actually the loud speaker of having improved.

Six, technical characterstic of the present invention and advantage.

1, allow power-power cooperations such as strong current, super (by force) sound wave, break the mortise of hydrogen, oxygen key, overcome many drawbacks of single brine electrolysis, in time, at a high speed, brine electrolysis effectively.Thinking is analogized thus, will produce a new branch of science---high-energy chemistry, and its research will launch afterwards.

2, this electrolyzer simple in structure, effective, cost is low, production sequence is uncomplicated: only require that the producer that produces vertical diaphragm sell (electrolytic saltwater with) installs ultrasonic generator additional and promptly produced this patent product in electrolyzer.

3, this small product size is changeable: specifically as required, and by the decision of hydrogen producing amount size.

4, how much gas the directly fast effective brine electrolysis of this product needs what are produced with this patent product immediately.That is to say: directly produce direct use, omitted the storage transit link of hydrogen or oxygen.

Seven, description of drawings.

Fig. 1 is a ultrasonic electrolytic tank structural representation sketch, and wherein: (1) is dc power supply; (2) be clean system water control valve.(3) be super (by force) sonic generator; (4) be graphite (or metal titanium) anode; (5) be network rail cathode; (6) be asbestos diaphragm; (7) be the water surface; (8) be the electrolyzer inner side-wall; (9) be the end in the electrolyzer; (10) be that nichrome wire (11) is a heating tube; (12) be common alternating-current power supply; (13) be water discharge valve; (14) be water shoot; (15) be cathode compartment; (16) be the anolyte compartment; (17) be the ultrasonic wave schematic lines; (18) be super (by force) sonic generator staple; (19) be hydrogen exhausting hole; (20) be the prosopyle; (21) be the deoxygenation hole; (22); The waste water outlet orifice;

Fig. 2 is a ultrasonic generator structural representation sketch, and wherein: (1) is the high-frequency alternating current power supply; (2) be generator shell; (3) be electro-magnet; (4) phonosensitive sheet pillar; (5) phonosensitive sheet; (6) be around the fixed vibration type piston; (7) be staple, i.e. (18) of Fig. 1.

Eight, the basic structure of ultrasonic electrolytic tank and electrolysis principle thereof.

＜one〉electricity reason principle

1, want brine electrolysis at first will make water molecules be ionized into hydrogen ion and hydroxide ion, i.e. H ₂O+H ₂O=H ₃O ⁺+ OH ^-, allow water become " conductor ".The H of pure water under the normality ₃O ⁺And OH ^-Concentration all be 10 ^-7Mol.

2, the single brine electrolysis of strong current is the microscopic mechanism and the electrolytic process thereof of traditional brine electrolysis, (with reference to 132 pages of Senior Two chemistry)

Electrolysis is electric current causes oxidation-reduction reaction during by electrolyte solution at negative and positive the two poles of the earth a process.(referring to Senior Two chemistry textbook (162,163 pages)

Have the people of senior middle school's schooling all to know, weak electrolyte water before energising, a spot of H ₂O ⁺And OH ^-Freely moving in water, after the energising, the ion that these are moving freely under effect of electric field, transforms directed moving into.Draw principle according to there is a natural attraction between the sexes, electronegative OH ^-The ion anode moves, the H of positively charged ₃O ⁺Ion moves to negative electrode; At anode, OH ^-Ion loses electronics and oxygen becomes Sauerstoffatom, is combined into oxygen molecule then in twos, emits from anode.At negative electrode, H ₃O ⁺The ion electron gain, and be reduced into hydrogen atom, be combined into hydrogen molecule in twos, emit from negative electrode.

Because hydrogen ion constantly obtains electronics on negative electrode, generate hydrogen and emit.Hydroxide ion constantly loses electronics and generates oxygen at anode and emits.So destroyed near the ionization equilibrium of the water negative and positive the two poles of the earth respectively, water molecules continues to be ionized into H ₃O ⁺And OH ^-H ₃O ⁺Constantly obtain electronics, OH again ^-Constantly lose electronics again, like this, under galvanic effect, weak electrolyte water is in order to keep ionization equilibrium, and brine electrolysis generation hydrogen and oxygen are held speed and carried out.

3, acoustic cavitation (referring to 25,26 pages of 12 phases of " world inventions " magazine in 1998)

Acoustic cavitation, promptly the micro-bubble that is produced by sound field is collapsed and is produced the process of light.When collapsing, bubble can discharge surprising energy.For example, when going beyond this obstacle of blade of picture water screw of steamer or turbine, water produces bubble.When breaking, bubble can on firm copper or iron and steel, hit pit.But it is more taller than this that sound is transformed into the energy that light need concentrate.Temperature when bubble is collapsed has 7000K, and it is almost near the temperature on sun surface, and the temperature of the acetylene bluster more used than the hard iron and steel of cutting is also high.Chemists are extremely excited for utilizing simple device like this to obtain pyritous prospect like this, although fluidic total temperature basically identical, but the temperature that exists reaches the thousands of micro-bubble of thousands of degree, possible splittist also is created in the chemical reaction that the difficult labour of the common laboratory utmost point is given birth to, and this has created condition for a large amount of continuous electrolysis water.

4, well-known, generation hydrogen (H in the time of will ultrasonicly putting on the aqueous solution ⁺) and hydrogen peroxide (OH ^-), the high temperature of cavitation phenomenon (have 7000 open) produces the condition that exactly likes flame in liquid water, and it is strong and form hydroxyl to have destroyed hydrogen one oxygen of water molecules, and this is extremely difficult accomplishing under the normal circumstances.This has just satisfied the condition of brine electrolysis---destroy the hydrogen-oxygen key.Also this brightly adds hyperacoustic major cause when being brine electrolysis just.In other words: in the liquid under high strong sound wave or ultrasonic wave effect, bubble formation, growth and collapse to implosive, this collapsing produces local high heat and extreme pressure, though the time length is extremely short, usually less than microsecond, again since bubble very small, by their the heating the part to be higher than per second 10 ¹⁰The speed of degree is soon cooled off.Fully can be under preserving under the tetanic stream effect of electric field but ultrasonic wave acts on product hydrogen ion behind the water and hydroxide ion, and do directed moving, produce into hydrogen and oxygen when electron gain or after losing electronics.While is owing to the bubble generation of collapsing is localized hyperthermia and partial extreme pressure, and unusual heating and cooling---speed is extremely short to be exceedingly fast, and this provides convenience with feasible for the electrolyzer under the manufacturing normal temperature and pressure.

＜two〉structure of ultrasonic electrolytic tank and explanation.

1, explanation.Cause the device of oxidation-reduction reaction by electron current, just electric energy is changed into the device of chemical energy, be called electrolyzer or electrolyzer.The electrode that links with the negative pole of direct supply is the negative electrode of electrolyzer; During energising, electronics flows into the negative electrode of electrolyzer along lead from the negative pole of power supply.The electrode that the positive pole of root direct supply links is the anode of electrolyzer.During energising, electronics flows out from the anode of electrolyzer, and flows back to the positive pole of power supply along lead.Like this, electric current moves with regard to the orientation that relies on zwitterion in the solution and passes through solution, so the conducting process of electrolyte solution is exactly the electrolytic process of electrolyte solution.(referring to: 163 pages in Senior Two chemistry textbook).

2, structure.(1) vertical diaphragm sell (referring to 166 pages in Senior Two chemistry textbook)

The anode of this diaphragm sell is to be made by metal titanium or graphite, negative electrode is that wire netting is made, and is adsorbing one deck asbestos wool on the net as barrier film, and this layer barrier film becomes anolyte compartment and cathode compartment to electrolyzer, barrier film can cloudyly end gas molecule and pass, but can not stop water molecules and ion to pass.Can prevent that like this oxygen that hydrogen that negative electrode produces and anode produce is mixed mutually and set off an explosion.Can prevent that again oxygen, hydrogen from reacting with the impurity in the water, influences the electrolysis of water.Because hydrogen and oxygen all are the colourless gas that is insoluble in water, so can produce purified hydrogen and oxygen with draining venting method.(2) ultrasonic generator (referring to 4 pages of the 6th phases of " world inventions " magazine 1991) ultrasonic generator is an acoustic driver, is actually the loud speaker of having improved.Its form can be diversified, and purpose is to produce super (by force) sound wave with it.

When from the electron pulse strikes actuator piston of magnet and phonosensitive circle, piston begins vibration, produces the high energy sound wave, and sound is very big; Should reach more than 160 decibels, will surpass (by force) sonic generator integral body and be limited on the interior top cover of electrolyzer hard and don't that can vibrate, sound wave is launched in following water.

＜three〉further quicken the scheme of brine electrolysis:

1, heating.At bottom of electrolytic tank heating tube is set, is used for heating the water of electrolyzer, the heat that siphons away during with make up water ionization.The temperature of electrolyzer should remain between 80 ℃-100 ℃ at any time, with strengthen water power from electrolytic speed.(referring to 133 pages in Senior Two chemistry textbook)

Heating tube is a hollow metal tube.The high heat fluid that adds nichrome wire in the pipe or circulate.By the open tube outer wall electrolytic water being transmitted heat heats.

2, add photocatalyst: be mixed in by in the electrolytic water or directly add in the electrolyzer with the mixture of impregnated ferric oxide of nickel oxide and titanium oxide and yellow soda ash.Quicken the electrolysis of water.(referring to 28 pages of " invention with innovation " magazine 2002 4 phases)

Photocatalysis principle, acoustic energy are by liquid, and liquid can be luminous, sonoluminescence phenomenon that Here it is.In order to improve the utilization ratio that acoustic energy is converted into chemical energy, also increase the speed of brine electrolysis simultaneously, the present invention that Here it is adds the purpose (referring to 25 pages of 12 phases of " world inventions " magazine) of photocatalyst

In addition: super (by force) sound wave itself just has catalyst action and accelerates the effect of chemical reaction velocity.

＜four〉precaution of use ultrasonic electrolytic tank:

1, will prevent that hydrogen that electrolysis goes out from blasting after with airborne oxygen mix with oxygen or hydrogen, hydrogen is 4%-74.2% with the limits of explosion of oxygen.

2, to prevent the electric leakage of electrolyzer, casualty accidents such as electric shock.

3, as the water of electrolysis raw material, be through clean system.With the magnesium ion, calcium ion, sulfate ion etc. of removing the inside, the insoluble impurities with magnesium hydroxide of preventing to produce in electrolytic process and so on stops up the barrier film hole.

4, to prevent break electrode or damage electrolyzer of ultrasonic wave.

＜five〉embodiment

1, makes the simplest embodiment of ultrasonic electrolytic tank product.

1. for requiring to produce hydrogen and the little this patent product of amount of oxygen, the producer of a vertical electrolyzer that need production electrolytic saltwater is used adds that at the electrolyzer inner top having children outside the state plan wave producer promptly finishes.

2. produce hydrogen and the big this patent product of amount of oxygen for requiring, also to add some additional facilities as: the bottom at vertical diaphragm sell adds heating tube, or catalyzer etc.

2, optimum implementation

Independent one by one supporting pipeline system standard is produced each parts of the patented product, is assembled into to mechanical automation finished product then, each Production and Packaging, transit link is carried out strict quality inspection therebetween, relief marketing network sale user.

Flow production line can simply be divided into: vertical diaphragm sell production line, excusing from death ripple production line, annex production line, assembly production chain and packaging line.

Claims

1, a kind ofly allow strong direct current, strong bonded device such as super (by force) sound wave is characterized in that: in the vertical diaphragm electrolyzer of electrolytic saltwater (top), install annexes such as super (by force) sonic generator additional, constituting can be quick, the novel electrolytic bath of brine electrolysis in a large number.

2, device according to claim 1: electrolytic to liking the quite abundant water of content on the earth, it produces thing is very extensive and the high-grade energy hydrogen of cleaning and the industrial chemicals oxygen of cleaning of purposes.

3, the described electrolyzer of claim 1: during brine electrolysis, need conditions such as strong dc current and super (by force) sound wave to make in water simultaneously, could guarantee ideal electrolytic speed and effect.

4, the described ultrasonic generator of claim 1 is an acoustic driver, and it is actually the loud speaker of having improved.It integrally is limited in the hard electrolyzer that can not vibrate again, is the parts that only are used for producing super (by force) sound wave.