CN1362708A - Read-write method for flash memory chip - Google Patents

Read-write method for flash memory chip Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1362708A
CN1362708A CN 01100002 CN01100002A CN1362708A CN 1362708 A CN1362708 A CN 1362708A CN 01100002 CN01100002 CN 01100002 CN 01100002 A CN01100002 A CN 01100002A CN 1362708 A CN1362708 A CN 1362708A
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storage block
data
reading
content
block
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岳京星
吴秀林
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a flash chip reading and writing method. Every storage block in the interior of flash chip respectively possesses data area and control area, the control area can be divided into index zone, logical address pointer zone and state identification zone. According to the information described by said three zone the data area of flashed every storage block can be erased, read, written and undergone the process of data updating operation. Said invention can raise its integrated reading and writing speed, can make the frequencies of writing-in of every storage block in flash chip be identical basically to prolong the life of flash plate.

Description

A kind of reading/writing method of flash chip
The present invention relates to a kind of reading/writing method of flash chip, refer to a kind of method that writes and read at the data that with flash chip are the flash disk of basic storage medium especially.
As everyone knows, existing flash memory all is made up of storage block, all comprises two zones in each storage block: data storage area 100 and storage block state area 500; The data storage area is used for actual data storage, then is the status information of the storage block of the storage block quality in the sign storage block in the storage block state area.If the storage block in the storage block all is normal, the status information of storage block is set to " good "; In case bad unit appears in the storage block in the storage block, the status information of storage block is set to " bad ".By above-mentioned setting, the read-write management software of flash memory just can " avoid " being set to the storage block of " bad " easily when flash memory is carried out read-write operation.In addition, generally flash memory is carried out the Data Update operation, need wipe legacy data earlier, just can write new data then.
The partition management mode of the storage block of above-mentioned existing flash memory and the update mode of data are a kind of basic modes of operation.But aforesaid way exists some shortcomings: at first, the state area of storage block has only " good " and " bad " two states, is unfavorable for describing the more detailed duty and the use information of its pairing storage block; Secondly, because the Data Update action need is wiped legacy data earlier, just can write new data, therefore, the time that the Data Update operation is spent is much more more than flash memory being carried out the time that write operation spent; Have, the operation of existing Data Update is not added up the frequency of utilization of the storage block that write again, therefore can cause in the flash memory each storage block aging speed inhomogeneous, the serviceable life of having reduced flash memory.
Fundamental purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of reading/writing method of flash chip, storage block in the flash memory of flash disk is managed, increase status indicator, state according to storage block is wiped, the reading and writing operation, thereby the write operation of flash memory is separated with erase operation, improve whole read or write speed, avoid in that write data to flash disk consuming time long, prevention is because the fatal data degradation that paralysis caused of system.
Another purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of reading/writing method of flash chip, make frequency basically identical to the write operation of each storage block in the flash memory, avoid the degree of aging inequality of each storage block in the flash memory, realize that all storage blocks are all write by uniform distribution, finally prolong the life-span of flash disk.
The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of reading/writing method of flash chip, each storage block branch of flash chip inside has data field and control zone, the control zone is divided into index area, logical address pointer district and status indicator district, the information of being explained according to index area, logical address pointer district and status indicator district, to the data field of each storage block of flash memory wipe, reading and writing and Data Update operation.
The status indicator hyte of described status indicator district sign institute corresponding stored piece duty can be one of four kinds of states of corresponding storage block (Block): " sky " or " hurrying " or " release " or " abandoning ".
The information of the index hyte in the described index area is one of corresponding storage block user mode with it: " not using " or " using ".
Logical address pointer group information in the described logical address pointer district be the physical address of corresponding storage block with it or expression repeatedly upgrade the back, according to the logical address of update times journal.
Described erase operation step is:
1, detect successively in the flash disk all or set the status data of the part storage block status indicator of number;
If 2 these states are " release ", then to wiping with the full piece of the corresponding storage block of storage block status indicator; Otherwise, enter step 5;
3, all index informations are set in the index area of this storage block: " not using ";
4, all logical address pointer in the logical address pointer district of this storage block are wiped;
If 5 these states are " free time " or " hurrying " or " abandoning ";
If 6 have not detected the status data of part storage block status indicator all or setting data in the flash disk, return step 1; Otherwise, enter step 7;
7, finish.
Described erase operation can be initialization and wipes and the wiping of other times.Behaviour's first operation for being done is wiped in initialization when this flash disk powers up.Other times wipe that erase status is " release " data block when can be in the read data piece file.Wipe and also can be read operation and wipe or operate to write and wipe, read operation is erased to the erase operation before each read operation; Write operation is erased to the erase operation before each write operation.
Described read operation is erased to: if the storage block state is less than the quantity of the read operation erase block memory of a minimum that is provided with in advance for the quantity of the storage block of " release ", the object that the storage block of the difference quantity between the quantity of the read operation erase block memory of itself and the minimum that should be provided with in advance " abandoning " is set to be wiped free of carries out erase operation.
Described write operation is erased to: if the storage block state is less than the quantity of the write operation erase block memory of a minimum that is provided with in advance for the quantity of the storage block of " release ", the object that the storage block of the difference quantity between the quantity of the read operation erase block memory of itself and the minimum that should be provided with in advance " abandoning " is set to be wiped free of carries out erase operation.
Described read operation comprises the steps:
1, finds corresponding storage block according to the reference address that provides, detect the content in each index information of index area in this storage block successively;
If 2 index informations that find last content record " to use " enter step 3; Otherwise turn back to step 1;
3, find the storage block of this address indication according to the address in the logical address pointer corresponding, read the data content in this storage block, finish with this index information.
Described write operation comprises the steps:
1, find current pointer pointed be the storage block of " free time " state, the data that write are write in the data field of this storage block;
2, read back the again data content of this storage block compares the data content of step 1 data of writing and this storage block of reading back;
If 3 comparative results are inconsistent, enter step 4; Otherwise enter step 5;
4, the status modifier with current storage block is " abandoning ", returns step 1;
5, with the corresponding index area of current storage block in corresponding state content be set to " using ";
6, the content of logical address pointer corresponding with it is set to the address of the storage block that these data deposit in;
7, the status modifier with current storage block is " hurrying ", finishes.
Described Data Update operation comprises the steps:
1, finds corresponding storage block according to the address that is updated data that provides, analyze the information content in the corresponding with it status indicator district;
If the content in 2 these status indicator districts is " doing ", detect the content in each index information of index area in this storage block successively, up to finding last contents value to be recorded as the index information of " using ";
3, according to the content of the logical address pointer of the index information correspondence that finds in the step 2, find this logical address pointer storage block pointed;
4, the content in the pairing status indicator of the storage block that finds in the step 3 district is set to " release ";
That 5, finds that current pointer points to firstly is the storage block of " free time " state, carries out write operation.
6, the content that last contents value is recorded as an index information of " using " index information back in the step 2 is set to " using "; Be set to the address of the storage block of step 5 write data with the content of this its corresponding logical address pointer of index information;
7, the address that is updated data in the step 1 finds the information content in the corresponding status indicator of the corresponding storage block district to be set to " release "; Finish.
The operation of described Data Update also comprises the steps: the content that is updated this alternative document that does not upgrade in the storage block of data is duplicated, and this document content is moved current pointer again and is upgraded on the storage block relevant position that writes.
The address of described storage block for " free time " state is stored in the continuous memory block of flash disk.
The present invention is reclassified as index area, logical address pointer district and storage block status indicator district by the state area in the storage block in the flash memory that will constitute flash disk, realized utilizing each subregion to store the purpose of the operational status information of corresponding with it storage block data field, the write operation of flash memory is separated with erase operation, avoided writing data long shortcoming consuming time, can prevent because the data degradation that paralysis is caused beyond the system.
In addition, the present invention repartitions by the state area in the storage block, and each flash cell can only be written into when removing state, before whole storage block that the position that is written into will remain to this because need to rewrite and will comprise this naturally is wiped free of; At last, the write operation of each storage block be all because of can successfully finding writeable " sky " storage block, and do not need to wipe earlier it; Because each storage block that will write is all on different logical memory blocks, the idle condition storage block is according to the pointed series arrangement, writing fashionable is to be used in order one by one, therefore there is not which storage block to be write continuously, make frequency basically identical to the write operation of each storage block in the flash memory, avoided the degree of aging inequality of each storage block in the flash memory, realized that all storage blocks are all write by uniform distribution, have finally prolonged the life-span of flash disk.
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiments:
Fig. 1 partly divides synoptic diagram for the data storage part and the bad block identification of storage block in the existing flash memory.
Fig. 2 is that the present invention is to the division of storage block in the flash memory and the method synoptic diagram of status information sign.
Fig. 3 writes view after the data for the present invention first to storage block in the flash memory.
Fig. 4 is the view of the present invention after to storage block Data Update in the flash memory.
Fig. 5 is that the present invention is to storage block write operation basic flow sheet in the flash memory;
Fig. 6 is that the present invention is to storage block read operation basic flow sheet in the flash memory;
Fig. 7 is that the present invention is to storage block initialization in the flash memory and erase process process flow diagram;
Fig. 8 is that the present invention is to storage block Data Update operational flowchart in the flash memory.
Shown in Fig. 1-4, each storage block branch of flash chip of the present invention inside has data field and control zone, the control zone is divided into index area, logical address pointer district and status indicator district, the information of being explained according to index area, logical address pointer district and status indicator district, to the data field of each storage block of flash memory wipe, reading and writing and Data Update operation.The storage block management method is the basic basis of the inventive method in the flash memory.
The status indicator hyte of status indicator district sign institute corresponding stored piece duty can be one of four kinds of states of corresponding storage block (Block): " sky " or " hurrying " or " release " or " abandoning ".The status indicator hyte number in status indicator district is consistent with the quantity of data block.No. 1 data block is a bad piece, and the number information of this data block is put into the bad canned data in control zone in addition.
The information of the index hyte in the index area is one of corresponding storage block user mode with it: " do not use or used ".Wherein " do not use " usefulness " 1 " expression; " use " usefulness " 0 " expression.
Logical address pointer group information in the logical address pointer district is the physical address number of corresponding storage block with it.The quantity of the logical address pointer group in the quantity of the index hyte in the index area and the logical address pointer district equates.
When not writing data in the data block and be idle condition, the information of index hyte is " 1 ", the status indicator hyte can be " sky ", represent that this data block is an idle condition, logical address pointer group information does not have the address pointer setting, this is that corresponding status indicator hyte is " sky ", represents that this data block is an idle condition, can write data; Certainly, if this data block number is indicated in the flame directorial area, represent that this data block is " bad ", then can not write data.When writing data often in data block, at first should carry out in this step.
Referring to Fig. 3, in this embodiment, No. 2 data block has write data, and this is that its corresponding index bit information is changed to 0, and the state that the address of logical address pointer is changed to 2, No. 2 data blocks of physical address of this data block is identified as " doing ".
Referring to Fig. 4, when No. 2 data blocks of correspondence have the operation of renewal, and after data updated is put into No. 3 data blocks that are labeled as " sky " (as shown in Figure 3) of data block status indicator hyte, No. 2 data block index hyte increases a mark that has used " 0 ", logical address pointer group information in the corresponding increase sign logical address pointer district also increases last data block logical address of a update times journal, so should be " 3 ".At this moment, being labeled as of corresponding No. 2 data block status indicator hytes " abandoning "; Being labeled as of No. 3 data block status indicator hytes " hurrying ".Carve at a time, the piece that is designated " abandoning " wiped by system, wipe finish after, be labeled as " release " of this data block status indicator hyte.Therefore during Data Update as long as data are write direct in the data block of a sky, and do not need the operation of wiping earlier, saved a large amount of time, improved the read or write speed of flash memory.The quantity of the logical address pointer group in the quantity of the index hyte in the index area of identification index state and the logical address pointer district equates.The quantity of the logical address pointer group in the quantity of its index hyte and the logical address pointer district should be the number of times that this data block is upgraded operation.And the quantity of the status indicator hyte in status indicator district can equate with the quantity of data block.
In addition when running into bad piece, can should distinguish by bad piece by at corresponding identification hyte mark " bad ", be changed to need not, and be unlikely to influence the use of whole flash memory sheet.
As shown in Figure 5, write operation write operation of the present invention comprises the steps:
1, find current pointer pointed be the storage block N of " free time " state, with the number that will write
In the data field that writes storage block N;
2, read back the again data content of this storage block N, the data that step 1 is write with read back this deposit
The data content of storage piece N compares;
If 3 comparative results are inconsistent, be " abandoning " with the status modifier of current storage block N,
The number of this storage block N is deposited in the number administration zone of " bad piece ", return step 1;
If 4 comparative results are consistent, then write data, will with the corresponding index of current storage block
Corresponding state content is set to " using " in the district;
5, the content of logical address pointer corresponding with it is set to storage block that these data deposit in
The address;
6, the status modifier with current storage block is " hurrying ", finishes.
Referring to Fig. 6, read operation of the present invention comprises the steps:
1, finds corresponding storage block M according to the reference address that provides, detect rope among this storage block M successively
Draw the content in each index information of district;
If 2 find last content record " to use " is " 0 " index information, enter the step
Rapid 3; Otherwise turn back to step 1;
3, find depositing of this address indication according to the address in the logical address pointer corresponding with this index information
Storage piece N reads the data content A in this storage block N,
4, finish whole operation of reading.
Shown in Figure 7 is the method for erase operation of the present invention.A free-revving engine of the present invention separates erase operation and write operation exactly, to improve the speed of whole read-write.Therefore erase operation of the present invention can be initialization and wipes and the wiping of other times.And behaviour's first operation for being done is wiped in initialization when this flash disk powers up; Other times wipe that erase status is " release " data block when can be in the read data piece file, will change like this must finish erase operation again in the prior art after, just can carry out the shortcoming of write operation.
Concrete erase operation step is:
1, detect successively in the flash disk all or set the status number of the part storage block status indicator of number
According to;
If 2 these states are " release ", then to complete with the corresponding storage block of storage block status indicator
Piece is wiped; Otherwise, enter step 5;
3, all index informations are set in the index area of this storage block: " not using ";
4, all logical address pointer in the logical address pointer district of this storage block are wiped;
If 5 these states are " free time " or " hurrying " or " abandoning ";
If 6 have not detected part storage block status indicator all or setting data in the flash disk
Status data returns step 1; Otherwise, enter step 7;
7, finish.
Certainly, wipe and also can be read operation and wipe or operate to write and wipe.And read operation is erased to the erase operation before each read operation, specifically be foundation: if the storage block state is less than the quantity of the read operation erase block memory of a minimum that is provided with in advance for the quantity of the storage block of " release ", the object that the storage block of the difference quantity between the quantity of the read operation erase block memory of itself and the minimum that should be provided with in advance " abandoning " is set to be wiped free of carries out erase operation.
Wiping for write operation, also is the erase operation before each write operation.If the storage block state is less than the quantity of the write operation erase block memory of a minimum that is provided with in advance for the quantity of the storage block of " release ", the object that the storage block of the difference quantity between the quantity of the read operation erase block memory of itself and the minimum that should be provided with in advance " abandoning " is set to be wiped free of carries out erase operation.
In addition, for avoiding system's accident power-off, and will carry out write operation, data have been arranged in the storage block, but the state of this piece does not change as yet, when therefore powering on, should judge at first in the pointer storage block pointed whether data are arranged again.If data are arranged, and the state that detects this storage block for " free time " time, then this storage block is labeled as " release ", pointer moves down.Otherwise pointed does not change.
Be illustrated in figure 8 as the method for Data Update of the present invention.
It comprises the steps:
1, finds corresponding storage block according to the address that is updated data that provides, analyze corresponding with it
The status indicator district in information content A;
If the content in 2 these status indicator districts is " doing ", detect index area in this storage block successively
Content in each index information is up to finding last contents value to be recorded as " using "
Index information;
3, according to the content of the logical address pointer of the index information correspondence that finds in the step 2, find this
The storage block M that logical address pointer is pointed;
4, the content in the pairing status indicator of the storage block that finds in the step 3 district is set to " release
Put ", be and can wipe;
That 5, finds that current pointer points to firstly is the storage block N of " free time " state, carries out write operation.
6, last contents value in the step 2 is recorded as of " using " index information back
The content of index information is set to " using "; Will with its corresponding patrolling of this index information
The content of collecting address pointer is set to the address N of the storage block of step 5 write data;
7, the corresponding state of corresponding storage block M is found in the address that is updated data in the step 1
The information content in the tag slot is set to " release "; Finish.
In addition, when files different more than is arranged in the storage block, be A, B, and once the operation of Geng Xining is the renewal for a file A, therefore the Data Update operation also comprises the steps: the content that is updated this alternative document B that does not upgrade in the storage block M of data is duplicated, and this document B content is moved current pointer again and is upgraded on the storage block N relevant position that writes.
In sum, the present invention is by the reasonable division and the identification record of control zone, realized management effectively to flash memory sheet data block reading writing information, and data block write with erasing move finish respectively, improved the speed of reading and writing data greatly, but also can use a flash memory sheet data block equably, prolong its serviceable life.

Claims (18)

1, a kind of reading/writing method of flash chip, it is characterized in that: each storage block branch of flash chip inside has data field and control zone, the control zone is divided into index area, logical address pointer district and status indicator district, the information of being explained according to index area, logical address pointer district and status indicator district, to the data field of each storage block of flash memory wipe, reading and writing and Data Update operation.
2, the reading/writing method of flash chip as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the status indicator hyte of described status indicator district sign institute corresponding stored piece duty can be one of four kinds of states of corresponding storage block (Block): " sky " or " hurrying " or " release " or " abandoning ".
3, the reading/writing method of flash chip as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the information of the index hyte in the described index area is one of corresponding storage block user mode with it: " not using " or " using ".
4, the reading/writing method of flash chip as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the logical address pointer group information in the described logical address pointer district for the physical address of corresponding storage block with it or expression repeatedly upgrade the back, according to the logical address of update times journal.
5, as the reading/writing method of claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 described flash chips, it is characterized in that: described erase operation step is:
A, successively detect in the flash disk all or set the status data of the part storage block status indicator of number;
If this state of b is " release ", then to wiping with the full piece of the corresponding storage block of storage block status indicator; Otherwise, enter step e;
Index informations all in the index area of c, this storage block are set to: " not using ";
D, all logical address pointer in the logical address pointer district of this storage block are wiped;
If this state of e is " free time " or " hurrying " or " abandoning ";
If f has not detected the status data of part storage block status indicator all or setting data in the flash disk, return step a; Otherwise, enter step g;
G, end.
6, the reading/writing method of flash chip as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described erase operation can be initialization and wipes and the wiping of other times.
7, the reading/writing method of flash chip as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that: behaviour's first operation for being done is wiped in described initialization when this flash disk powers up.
8, the reading/writing method of flash chip as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that: described other times wipe that erase status is " release " data block when can be in the read data piece file.
9, the reading/writing method of flash chip as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described wiping also can be read operation and wipes or operate to write and wipe.
10, the reading/writing method of flash chip as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that: described read operation is erased to the erase operation before each read operation.
11, as the reading/writing method of claim 5 or 10 described flash chips, it is characterized in that: described read operation is erased to: if the storage block state is less than the quantity of the read operation erase block memory of a minimum that is provided with in advance for the quantity of the storage block of " release ", the object that the storage block of the difference quantity between the quantity of the read operation erase block memory of itself and the minimum that should be provided with in advance " abandoning " is set to be wiped free of carries out erase operation.
12, the reading/writing method of flash chip as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that: described write operation is erased to the erase operation before each write operation.
13, as the reading/writing method of claim 5 or 12 described flash chips, it is characterized in that: described write operation is erased to: if the storage block state is less than the quantity of the write operation erase block memory of a minimum that is provided with in advance for the quantity of the storage block of " release ", the object that the storage block of the difference quantity between the quantity of the read operation erase block memory of itself and the minimum that should be provided with in advance " abandoning " is set to be wiped free of carries out erase operation.
14, as the reading/writing method of claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 described flash chips, it is characterized in that: described read operation comprises the steps:
The reference address that a, basis provide finds corresponding storage block, detects the content in each index information of index area in this storage block successively;
If the index information that b finds last content record " to use " enters step c; Otherwise turn back to step a;
The storage block of this address indication is found in address in c, the basis logical address pointer corresponding with this index information, reads the data content in this storage block, finishes.
15, as the reading/writing method of claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 described flash chips, it is characterized in that: described write operation comprises the steps:
A, find current pointer pointed be the storage block of " free time " state, the data that write are write in the data field of this storage block;
B, the read back data content of this storage block again compare the data content of step a data of being write and this storage block of reading back;
If the c comparative result is inconsistent, enter steps d; Otherwise enter step e;
D, be " abandoning ", return step a the status modifier of current storage block;
E, with the corresponding index area of current storage block in corresponding state content be set to " using ";
The content of f, logical address pointer corresponding with it is set to the address of the storage block that these data deposit in;
G, be " hurrying ", finish the status modifier of current storage block.
16, as the reading/writing method of claim 1 or 15 described flash chips, it is characterized in that: described Data Update operation comprises the steps:
Corresponding storage block is found in the address that is updated data that a, basis provide, and analyzes the information content in the corresponding with it status indicator district;
If the content in this status indicator district of b is " doing ", detect the content in each index information of index area in this storage block successively, up to finding last contents value to be recorded as the index information of " using ";
C, according to the content of the logical address pointer of the index information correspondence that finds among the step b, find this logical address pointer storage block pointed;
Content in the pairing status indicator of the storage block that finds among d, the step c district is set to " release ";
E, find that current pointer points to firstly be the storage block of " free time " state, carry out write operation.
The content that last contents value is recorded as an index information of " using " index information back among f, the step b is set to " using "; Be set to the address of the storage block of step e institute write data with the content of this its corresponding logical address pointer of index information;
The address that is updated data among g, the step a finds the information content in the corresponding status indicator of the corresponding storage block district to be set to " release "; Finish.
17, the reading/writing method of flash chip as claimed in claim 16, it is characterized in that: the operation of described Data Update also comprises the steps: the content that is updated this alternative document that does not upgrade in the storage block of data is duplicated, and this document content is moved current pointer again and is upgraded on the storage block relevant position that writes.
18, as the reading/writing method of claim 15 or 16 described flash chips, it is characterized in that: the address of described storage block for " free time " state is stored in the continuous memory block of flash disk.
CN 01100002 2001-01-02 2001-01-02 Read-write method for flash memory chip Pending CN1362708A (en)

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CN107391038A (en) * 2017-07-26 2017-11-24 深圳市硅格半导体股份有限公司 Method for writing data, flash memory and the storage medium of data storage type flash memory
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