CN1351188A - 刀片专用钢及刀片的生产方法 - Google Patents
刀片专用钢及刀片的生产方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1351188A CN1351188A CN 00119079 CN00119079A CN1351188A CN 1351188 A CN1351188 A CN 1351188A CN 00119079 CN00119079 CN 00119079 CN 00119079 A CN00119079 A CN 00119079A CN 1351188 A CN1351188 A CN 1351188A
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- blade
- steel
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 45
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims description 45
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000171 quenching Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000003491 Skin Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910001315 Tool steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 230000002929 anti-fatigue Effects 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
刀片专用钢及刀片的生产方法属钢的合金及热处理技术领域。它解决了目前大生产时的剪切常出现的冷剪刀片出现的秃刃、崩刃、堆刃或折断,热剪切刀片出现堆刃、断裂的问题。其主要技术特征是设计研制优良的钢号(H13K、HMB),通过热处理提高合金钢刀片的韧性。具有高强度、高淬透性、高硬度、高红硬性、高韧性的本发明刀片能够剪切40.0mm钢板及各种规格的钢材,可剪切温度高达1100℃,寿命比5CrW2Si的金奖刀片提高2.5－5倍。
Description
本发明属于钢的合金及热处理技术领域。
就申请人所知，刀片作为冶金机械备件，本身可分为冷剪(轧)和热剪(轧)。冷剪用碳素工具钢、合金工具钢、高速钢等钢材制作。热剪用热作模具钢、热绕弹簧钢等制作。冷轧用合金工具钢，热轧用合金结构钢。它们目前只可满足一般工况的使用要求，因其较低的综合机械和物理性能适应不了大生产时的剪切、压缩、高温、长时间、高负荷等苛刻服役工况的需求，常出现冷剪刀片秃刃、崩刃、堆刃或折断现象，热剪刀片出现堆刃和断裂现象。为克服以上缺陷，70年代世界各国大量使用新型的合金结构钢--基体钢。但基体钢的缺点是不耐磨，强度不够高，热处理工艺复杂。如何使生产工具刀片用钢具有高强度、高韧性、高淬透性、高硬度、高红硬性(俗称五高)是人们所期待的。具有五高性能的刀片既耐磨又可以解决刀片的崩刃、秃刃、堆刃、断裂及重复使用的问题。
本发明的目的是将具有四高(高强度、高淬透性、高硬度、高红硬性)的高速钢和它的基体钢通过改变它们的化学成分，施以一定的工艺手段，使其在不影响硬度的强度的情况下达到高韧性。
本发明是这样设计的：刀片专用钢的化学成份(Wt％)
刀片专用钢及刀片的生产方法：生产步骤为：炼钢(电炉)→炉外精炼→铸锭→电渣重溶→高温扩散退火→下料锻造(成刀片锻坯)→软化退火→粗加工(扒皮)→组织处理(三次高温正火、高温回火、油淬、低温回火)→半精加工→调质处理(淬火、二次回火)→精加工成产品。
高温扩散退火：经电渣重熔后的钢锭，进行扩散退火。入炉加热至700℃保温一段时间后，再升温到1230℃(2.5小时)稍降温度至1080℃(2.5小时)后，炉冷至680℃(3小时)后，随炉冷却至500℃时出炉空冷，温度偏差范围±20℃。
软化退火：电渣锭锻制成刀片毛坯后进行软化退火。在炉中升温至780℃(±20)按每30mm保温1小时，根据坯料尺寸大小来确定保温时间。然后随炉冷却至500℃，出炉空冷。
组织处理：为消除碳化物、细化晶粒，进行多次高、中温正火及淬火、回火处理。
首先进行三次正火，正火温度分别为1230℃、1080℃、930℃。是在600℃保温一段时间，整体温度均匀后加热至正火温度，保温，出炉空冷。接着进行680℃高温回火，1025℃油淬，540℃低温回火。温度偏差控制在±10℃范围内，保温时间随工件尺寸不同而不同。
调质处理：经半精加工后的工件进行调质处理，以达到产品所要求的机械性能。首先油淬，在550℃保温均温后升温至1040℃--1140℃，出炉油冷，然后进行两次回火，回火温度为520℃--630℃，其保温时间、淬火及回火温度视工件与设备情况不同而不同。
下面给出两个实施例：实施例1：产品名称 中厚板剪切机刀片产品规格 764×150×150(mm)产品材质 H13K技术要求 HRC58--61生产方法：1、H13K钢经电炉冶炼，炉外精炼，电渣重熔后得Φ250×1000电渣锭。
图1是H13K钢的电渣锭扩散退火工艺曲线图。
图2是H13K钢的毛坯软化退火工艺曲线图。
图3是H13K钢的光坯组织处理工艺曲线图。
图4是H13K钢的半成品调质处理工艺曲线图。
然后进行磨削等精加工，达到成品尺寸要求，其硬度达HRC59-61。
实施例2产品名称 中厚板剪切机刀片产品规格 955×150×50(mm)产品材质 HMB技术要求 HRC60--63生产方法：1、钢锭的冶炼其成份按刀片专用钢的化学成份表中的HMB合金组成，经电炉冶炼，炉外精炼，电渣重熔后得φ250×1000电渣锭。
2、电渣锭扩散退火、锻坯软化退火及光坯的组织处理同实施例1，只是按有效厚度将保温时间稍加调整。
3、半精加工后调质处理图5是HMB钢的半成品调质处理时淬火工艺曲线图。
图6是HMB钢的半成品调质处理时退火工艺曲线图。
4、精加工至成品尺寸，表面硬度达HRC60--63本发明的优点是利用现有的冶炼技术和设备研制开发出了H13K(5Cr5WMoVSiK)钢，它相当于美国SAE-AISI标准中H13的改进型和日本JIS4404标准中的SKD62，属超高强度刃具钢。此钢既保留了高速钢的高淬透性、高硬性、高红硬性、高强度，又清除了高速钢的脆性相。HMB超高强度工具钢，除了采用多元碳化物形成元素Cr、Mo、W、Ni、V外，在对控制Mn/S比和Cu含量的同时，加入强化钢基体的合金元素。使此钢既有高硬度、高淬透性，又有超高的强度和韧性，而且抗疲劳性能也大为提高。由于选用的是电渣钢，钢的纯净度高，钢中的有害杂质S、P等大大减少了，这样刀片专用钢的机械性能更加稳定，对提高刀片的强度、耐磨性、防裂都大有好处。H13K、HMB刀片既可以在工况苛刻的条件下服役(剪切材料：中、低碳钢板及低碳高强度合金钢板。预剪材料最大厚度δmax＝21.5mm，方钢及线材。剪切温度T300--1100℃)产品寿命比较Cr5CrW2Si的金奖刀片提高2.5--5倍。本发明已在济钢中板厂、昆钢中板厂、南钢中板厂、安阳钢厂、新疆钢铁公司及凌源钢铁公司等厂家试用，刀片强度高，不钝口，不掉口，剪切的板材切口平整光滑，无毛刺，剪切的板材质量好。济钢中板厂98年钢板产量达66万吨，高居全国各中板厂首位。97年该厂使用本发明，经测算全年增加经济效益2346万元。
Claims (6)
1.刀片专用钢的化学成分(Wt％)
2.刀片专用钢及刀片的生产方法：生产步骤为：(1)炼钢(电炉)，(2)炉外精炼，(3)铸锭，(4)电渣重溶，(5)高温扩散退火，(6)下料、锻造(成刀片锻坯)，(7)软化退火，(8)粗加工(扒皮)，(9)组织处理(三次高温正火、高温回火、油淬、低温回火)，(10)半精加工，(11)调质处理(淬火、二次回火)(12)精加工成产品。
3.按权利要求2所述的刀片专用钢及刀片的生产方法，其高温扩散退火的特征是：经电渣重熔后的钢锭，进行扩散退火，入炉加热至700℃保温一段时间后，再升温到1230℃(2.5小时)，稍降温度至1080℃(2.5小时)后，炉冷至680℃(3小时)后，随炉冷却至500℃时出炉空冷，温度偏差范围±20℃。
4.按权利要求2所述的刀片专用钢及刀片的生产方法，其软化退火的特征是电渣锭锻制成刀片毛坯后进行软化退火，在炉中升温至780℃(±20)按每30mm保温1小时，根据坯料尺寸大小来确定保温时间，然后随炉冷却至500℃，出炉空冷。
5.按权利要求2所述的刀片专用钢及刀片的生产方法，其组织处理的特征是为消除碳化物、细化晶粒，进行多次高、中温正火及淬火、回火处理；首先进行三次正火，正火温度分别为1230℃、1080℃、930℃；是在600℃保温一段时间，整体温度均匀后加热至正火温度，保温，出炉空冷；接着进行680℃高温回火，1025℃油淬，540℃低温回火；温度偏差控制在±10℃范围内，保温时间随工件尺寸不同而不同。
6.按权利要求2所述的刀片专用钢及刀片的生产方法，其调质处理的特征是经半精加工后的工件进行调质处理，以达到产品所要求的机械性能；首先油淬，在550℃保温均温后升温至1080℃，出炉油冷，然后进行两次回火，回火温度为520℃-630℃，其保温时间与回火温度视工件与设备情况不同而不同。
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