CN1335956A - 分布式系统的连接集线器 - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
- H04L67/1001—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network for accessing one among a plurality of replicated servers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
- H04L67/1001—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network for accessing one among a plurality of replicated servers
- H04L67/1004—Server selection for load balancing
- H04L67/1008—Server selection for load balancing based on parameters of servers, e.g. available memory or workload
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
- H04L67/1001—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network for accessing one among a plurality of replicated servers
- H04L67/1004—Server selection for load balancing
- H04L67/101—Server selection for load balancing based on network conditions
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
- H04L67/1001—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network for accessing one among a plurality of replicated servers
- H04L67/1004—Server selection for load balancing
- H04L67/1017—Server selection for load balancing based on a round robin mechanism
Abstract
在分布式系统中,网络上的可用服务被模拟为网络对象,客户机(客户机1-客户机M)一般利用因特网连接与这些对象通信,并使用这些对象。随着客户机数目的增大,服务器会被进入该服务器(服务器1-服务器M)的连接的数目所淹没,导致响应缓慢和/或服务丢失。本发明说明了通过自动把多个连接集中到单个连接上,降低所需的连接的数目的机制。这是通过引入称为网关(网关1-网关L)的共享中间连接集线器实现的。当客户机(客户机1-客户机N)调用外部对象基准地址时,客户机(客户1-客户N)上的ORB运行时间自动把请求转发给分配给它的网关(网关1-网关L),该网关随后在共享连接上,把所述请求转发给服务器(服务器1-服务器M)。该方案是对称的-如果服务器(服务器1-服务器M)调用在客户机(客户机1-客户机N)内运行的对象,则调用再次流经该网关(网关1-网关L)。这里描述的机制不需要任何复杂的编程,并可借助配置被打开或关闭。本公开还描述了用于把客户机分配给网关的基于策略和/或算法的几种方案。本发明的优点包括降低的干扰,提高的通信带宽,容错,模块性,可伸缩性,以及更高效,性能费用比更高的基站和移动站。
Description
相关申请
本发明要求1998年10月16日提出的临时申请No.60/104543的优先权,并作为参考包含该专利申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及分布式面向对象的系统。具体地说,本发明涉及采用对象软件技术,改善客户机和服务器之间的通信的设备和方法。
背景技术
常规的客户机-服务器网络相互间采用专用连接。一般说来,客户机直接与服务器通信,客户机发出的任何请求由服务器处理。在常规的网络中,这不会引起问题,因为客户机和服务器之间的连接总数相当低。但是,随着更多的客户机与更多的服务器连接,并且随着客户机-服务器通信引入更多的对象基准地址(object references),互连数目显著增大。目前以及在未来,引入对象基准地址的常规客户机-服务器将负担过重,必须找到该问题的一种解决方案。
因此,现有的分布式对象系统的一个缺陷是它们不能伸缩(scale)处理大量的客户机。在分布式对象系统中(例如,Common ObjectRequest Broker(CORBA)(1),Java Remote Method Invocation(JavaRMI)(2),及Distributed Component Object Model(DCOM)(3)),对象可在整个网络上运行。客户机通过首先获取对象的基准地址,对对象调用一种方法。对象基准地址通常含有该对象被例示于其中的服务器的网络地址,以及识别服务器内的该对象的某些独特数据。当关于该对象调用一种方法时,客户机的ORB(Object Request Broker,对象请求代理)运作或程序(runtime,)一般产生与服务器的直接连接,并利用对象协议(例如,大多数CORBA实现使用Internet Inter ORBProtocol,IIOP)把调用转发给服务器(见图1)。借助该方案,如果存在N个客户机和M个服务器,则在N个客户机和M个服务器之间可存在最多达N*M个连接(参见图2)。对于大的N值和M值,连接的数目增大到甚至超出最大的计算系统的能力。这导致对象系统开始较差地进行服务,和/或开始拒绝服务。
这里提供并作为参考引入了几个相关出版物。Object ManagementGroup在http://www.omg.com公开的Common Object Request Broker(CORBA)和Internet Inter-ORB Protocol(IIOP)规范。SunMicrosystems Java Software Division在http://www.javasoft.com/products/rmi公开的Java Remote MethodInvocation(Java RMI)技术规范。Dr.R.Grimes在“ProfessionalDCOM Programming”(1997)ISBN1-86100-60-X中公开的DistributedComponent Object Model。
本发明的目的是克服上述缺陷,并为分布式对象系统提供一种连接集线器。
发明概述
本发明的目的是克服上述缺陷,为分布式对象系统提供一种连接集线器。本发明提供了和因特网一起使用的例证实施例,但是也可使用其它通信协议。本发明通过引入布置在常规的客户机-服务器体系结构间的网关结构,改善了网络。本发明还在客户机和网关提供了对象请求代理(ORB),从而网关可有效地从服务器获取对象,并代表客户机取回该对象。在不会伴随增加与具有该对象的服务器的链接的情况下,另外的客户机可与同一网关连接,并访问相同的对象。
在本发明的另一实施例中,对象请求代理程序还驻留于服务器上,网关可从客户机获取对象,并代表服务器取回该对象。
在本发明的又一个实施例中,串行布置了另外的网关,以便进一步降低与对象服务器的连接的数目。本发明的优点包括在不使网络的负担过重的情况下,提高网络系统提供对对象的访问的能力。另外,通过串联布置另外的网关,进一步降低与对象服务器的连接的数目,可进一步改善网络。
附图的简要描述
将下文的详细描述结合附图,将很容易理解本发明的其它优点,在附图中:
图1描绘了一般向需要与之通信的每个服务器打开一个直接连接的客户机ORB运作或程序(runtime)。灰色的圆圈表示客户机和服务器,箭头线表示连接。灰色的圆圈表示客户机和服务器,箭头线表示连接;
图2描绘了在需要通信的客户机和服务器的数目分别为N和M的情况下,连接数目最大可为N×M;
图3描绘了用作把来自于客户机的请求转送给服务器,并把服务器返回的响应转送给该客户机的中间方的网关。客户机只具有一个开放式连接-即与网关的连接;
图4描绘了多个客户机与单一网关相连,并且可存在多个网关。如果存在L个网关,则现在连接的最大数目是N+L*M。由于L远远小于N,因此该方案使用的连接资源被显著降低;以及
图5描绘了为了进一步增大可同时和服务器相连的客户机的数目,可对网关进行堆栈。
详细描述
下面参考具体配置和协议,说明例证实施例。在不脱离本发明的范围的情况下,本领域中的技术人员可对例证实施例做出各种改变和修改。
参考图3,通过使用称为网关的中间连接集线器,把来自于客户机的调用传送给服务器,把来自于服务器的响应传送给客户机,本发明提供了一种改进的网络系统。网关通过单一连接,把来自于多个客户机的请求传送给服务器,并把来自于服务器的响应传送给多个客户机。以不需对客户机程序或服务器程序进行任何改变的方式实现中间网关的使用。
当客户机初始化其ORB运作或程序(runtime)时,ORB联系网络上的一个网关工厂(factory),并获取一个网关对象。当ORB运作或程序收到(或读取)外部对象基准地址(reference),它产生含有网关的网络地址的包封(wrapped)(或代理)对象基准地址,和含有初始数据以及服务器的初始地址的数据。当客户机对该对象基准地址调用一种方法时,现在该调用自动到达网关,而不是到达服务器。网关打开数据,获得初始数据和服务器的初始地址。随后,网关把请求传送给服务器。网关还负责把来自于服务器的响应返回给客户机。
一个网关由多个客户机共享,可存在由一个网关工厂管理的多个网关,如图4中所示。
网关可能必须针对具体协议,对通过其的报文进行一些特定转换。例如,如果协议是Internet Inter ORB Protocol(IIOP)版本1.1,则网关需要处理IIOP请求,响应,定位请求,定位响应报头,如下文所述。
对于IIOP请求和IIOP定位请求,必须处理来自于客户机的报文中的请求标识符,使其关于与服务器的连接是唯一的。当网关从服务器收到IIOP响应或IIOP定位响应时,在把该响应返回给客户机之前,必须取消该转换。
1)IIOP请求和IIOP请求含有包封数据(对象密钥)。必须打开包封数据,并将其设置为原始数据。
2)上述这些转换可能会改变请求报文有效负载的字节对准(alignment)。网关必须确保报文有效负载被正确地字节对准。一种可能的解决方案是利用所需数目的字节填充其报头。
上述解决方案是对称的。如果客户机也是一个服务器,则当其把它自身中例示的一个对象的基准地址发送(或写入)给其它服务器时,再次用网关地址包封该对象基准地址。从而,当关于该对象调用一种方法时,调用再次自动流过该网关。即,通过单个连接(或者两个连接,如果使用类似于IIOP的不对称协议,这里请求只沿一个方向流动)导引发送给或来自于程序的所有通信。该过程导致更少地利用连接资源,从而对象系统可按比例支持极大数目的客户机和服务器。
在另一个实施例中,如图5中所示,网关可被串行(堆栈)连接,以便进一步增大可同时与服务器相连的客户机的数目。
网关工厂可使用不同的算法或策略把网关对象分配给客户机,例如:
1)循环分配-网关工厂在它所管理的网关对象列表中循环,把客户机的数目平均地分配给网关对象;
2)基于地点的分配-网关工厂分配最接近于客户机的网关;和/或
3)基于负载的分配-网关工厂分配负载最轻的网关,这里负载可被定义为客户机的数目和流经网关的请求的数目的某一函数。
由于在一段时间之后,客户机可能会断开,因此网关工厂可定期询问网关,以便确定与其相连的客户机的数目。就网关工厂未来的分配决策来说,这对网关工厂是有助的。
上面的机制还可和基于公共密钥的连接水平验证协议,例如Secure Sockets Layer(SSL)一起使用。为把客户机的身份传送给服务器,服务器和网关处于委托关系,这样
1.客户机向网关证明它自己;
2.网关向服务器证明它自己;
3.网关在各个请求上,把客户机的身份传递给服务器;以及
4.依靠与网关的委托关系的服务器,假定呼叫者的真实身份为和请求一起,由网关传递的那个身份。
本发明的优点包括降低的干扰,提高的通信带宽,容错,模块性,可伸缩性,以及更高效,费效比更高的基站和移动站。
上面公开了本发明的例证实施例和最佳模式,在不脱离由下述权利要求限定的本发明的范围的情况下,可对公开的实施例进行各种修改和变化。
Claims (7)
1.一种基于对象的分布式软件系统的支持设备,包括:
多个客户机,每个客户机运行一个对象请求代理程序;
与客户机耦接并被配置成与客户机通信,至少在某种情况下,接收来自于客户机的经代理(proxified)的对象请求,并对经代理的对象请求进行解码,以便产生一个对象请求的多个网关,每个网关运行一个对象请求代理程序;和
与网关耦接并被配置成与网关通信,并且至少在某种情况下,接收对象请求,并把请求的对象提供给产生该请求的网关的多个服务器。
2.按照权利要求1所述的设备,其中:
所述多个服务器中的每个服务器也可运行一个对象请求代理程序。
3.按照权利要求1所述的设备,从而:
所述设备显著增大可同时与一个对象服务器或一组/群对象服务器相连的客户机的数目。
4.按照权利要求1所述的设备,从而:
可在不了解这里描述的机制的情况下,编写程序,并且仅仅通过改变配置设置,仍能享有所有的优点。
5.按照权利要求1所述的设备,其中:
该方案是对称的,并且当用作客户机的对象服务器反向与在该客户机上运行的对象通信时,它仍能使用当前与该客户机相连的网关。
6.按照权利要求1所述的设备,其中:
该方案为根据各种策略和/或算法,进行把客户机分配给网关的所有类别的静态和动态分配提供支持。
7.按照权利要求1所述的设备,其中:
该方案为通过基于公共密钥的连接水平验证机制的客户机验证提供支持。
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US10454398P | 1998-10-16 | 1998-10-16 | |
US60/104,543 | 1998-10-16 | ||
US09/419,428 US6356930B2 (en) | 1998-10-16 | 1999-10-15 | Connection concentrator for distributed object systems |
US09/419,428 | 1999-10-15 |
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CN1335956A true CN1335956A (zh) | 2002-02-13 |
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CN99814228A Pending CN1335956A (zh) | 1998-10-16 | 1999-10-15 | 分布式系统的连接集线器 |
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US (1) | US6356930B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1129401A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2003527763A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1335956A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU1119100A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2364264A1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2000023879A1 (zh) |
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- 1999-10-15 EP EP99954973A patent/EP1129401A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-10-15 US US09/419,428 patent/US6356930B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-10-15 JP JP2000577556A patent/JP2003527763A/ja active Pending
- 1999-10-15 WO PCT/US1999/024230 patent/WO2000023879A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-10-15 CA CA002364264A patent/CA2364264A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-10-15 AU AU11191/00A patent/AU1119100A/en not_active Abandoned
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CN100485685C (zh) * | 2005-10-21 | 2009-05-06 | 国际商业机器公司 | 用于数据存储服务器的自动虚拟化的设备、系统和方法 |
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WO2000023879A1 (en) | 2000-04-27 |
EP1129401A1 (en) | 2001-09-05 |
US20010054065A1 (en) | 2001-12-20 |
JP2003527763A (ja) | 2003-09-16 |
CA2364264A1 (en) | 2000-04-27 |
US6356930B2 (en) | 2002-03-12 |
AU1119100A (en) | 2000-05-08 |
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