CN1334138A - Decomposing process for industrially preparing CO2 - Google Patents
Decomposing process for industrially preparing CO2 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1334138A CN1334138A CN01129255A CN01129255A CN1334138A CN 1334138 A CN1334138 A CN 1334138A CN 01129255 A CN01129255 A CN 01129255A CN 01129255 A CN01129255 A CN 01129255A CN 1334138 A CN1334138 A CN 1334138A
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Abstract
A process for decomposing CO2 generated industrially includes such steps as collecting CO2 tail gas, dusing and desulfurizing, oxidizing degradation in oxidizing tower, decomposing the oxidized tail gas in reactor to obtain oxygen gas for exhausting it and carbon-contained gas, and preparing carbon powder in carbon absorption tower with electric decarbonizing unit. It can prevent environmental pollution.
Description
The invention belongs to the field of waste gas treatment, and particularly relates to a decomposition treatment method for industrially producing carbon dioxide.
Because of the secondary pollution of industrial waste gas emission brought by industrial development on the global scale, especially the pollution of the atmospheric layer and the destruction of the ozone layer seriously threaten the living environment of human beings, and the carbon dioxide in the waste gas emission is one of the most serious pollution sources for destroying the living environment of human beings. With the main atmospheric pollutant carbon dioxide (CO)2) The increasing amount of emissions causes global adverse effects mainly due to the increased depletion of the ozone layer and global warming.
At present, no one of the technologies can solve the problem of the damage of carbon dioxide to the environment.
The present invention aims to provide a decomposition treatment method for industrially produced carbon dioxide, which can decompose industrially produced carbon dioxide into oxygen and carbon which are not polluted by the nature, thereby preventing the carbon dioxide from damaging the environment.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the solution of the invention is as follows: a decomposition treatment method for industrially producing carbon dioxide, comprising:
a. collecting carbon dioxide tail gas;
b. dedusting and desulfurizing the collected tail gas;
c. feeding the treated tail gas into an oxidation tower for secondary oxidative degradation treatment;
d. feeding the tail gas of the secondary oxidation into a reaction tank for decomposition;
e. discharging decomposed oxygen, and feeding decomposed carbon gas into an electric decarbonizer from a carbon absorption tower to form carbon powder.
In step c, the following chemical reaction is performed to secondarily oxidize the off gas in the oxidation tower to reduce the adherence of the molecular structure of carbon dioxide, so that the decomposition process described later can be easily performed:
in step d, the following chemical reaction is carried out, decomposition being carried out in a reaction tank:
After step e is performed, step f may be performed again: and introducing gas from the carbon absorption tower into a seawater washing tank, containing seawater, introducing carbon dioxide into the seawater washing tank to generate bicarbonate or carbonate, introducing the carbon dioxide into a rare earth decomposer, containing rare earth decomposition liquid, and further decomposing the rare earth decomposition liquid into oxygen and carbon.
After each of the steps a, b, c, d and e, a process of end-set collection and flow measurement can be performed, the average concentration and average flow value of each gas composition after the step are obtained, the average concentration is multiplied by the measured average gas flow to obtain the throughput of the component per unit time, the throughput is compared with the preset standard throughput data of the component, and if the average concentration is not consistent with the measured average gas flow, the execution process of the step is adjusted through the actuator arranged in each of the steps a, b, c, d and e.
The invention carries out the processes of collecting, dedusting, desulfurizing and secondary oxidative degradation treatment on the tail gas, decomposing carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide and oxygen in the reaction tank, decomposing the carbon monoxide into carbon and oxygen, and finally changing the carbon monoxide into useful carbon and oxygen to be discharged, thereby achieving the effect of preventing the carbon dioxide from damaging the environment.
Because the tail gas is firstly sent into the oxidation tower for secondary oxidation degradation treatment before the reaction tank is decomposed, the following chemical reactions are carried out in the oxidation tower:
thus, carbon and carbon monoxide which are not fully oxidized are fully oxidized into carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, the compactness of the molecular structure of the carbon dioxide is reduced, and the carbon dioxide is more easily and thoroughly decomposed.
According to the invention, after the gas passes through the carbon absorption tower, the gas is introduced into a seawater washing tank, seawater is contained in the seawater washing tank, carbon dioxide is introduced into the seawater washing tank to generate bicarbonate or carbonate, and then the seawater is introduced into a rare earth decomposer, rare earth decomposition liquid is contained in the rare earth decomposer, and the rare earth decomposition liquid is further decomposed into oxygen and carbon, so that the residual carbon dioxide which is not decomposed is further decomposed, the gas is more thoroughly decomposed into harmless gas and carbon, and the decomposition rate is improved.
In addition, because the invention passes a process of end setting collection and flow measurement after each step, the average concentration and average flow value of each gas composition after the step are obtained, multiplied to obtain the throughput of the component in unit time, compared with the preset standard throughput data of the component, if the throughput is inconsistent, the execution process of the step is adjusted by an actuator in each step, so that the throughput is finally close to the standard of the component, and a complete process of automatically monitoring and controlling the whole process of decomposition by a computer is completed, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the decomposition process.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a decomposition treatment method for industrially producing carbon dioxide according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of carbon dioxide decomposition and recovery of industrial waste gas.
FIG. 3 is a process flow diagram of a carbon dioxide decomposition system.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a gas degradation flow scheme for an oxidation tower.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the decomposition process after degradation.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of adsorption isotherm function.
FIG. 7 is a partial structure view of a seawater washing tank.
FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a computer controlled software system of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of an exhaust collection treatment system module.
FIG. 10 is an exploded schematic view of a carbon dioxide decomposition module.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention, and the implementationprocess of the present invention can be clearly seen in the figure. FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a system for carrying out the present invention, wherein it can be generally seen that the system of the present invention can be roughly divided into an exhaust gas collection system, an exhaust gas treatment system, a carbon dioxide decomposition system and an exhaust gas discharge system, wherein the exhaust gas collection system corresponds to step a, the exhaust gas treatment system corresponds to step b, the carbon dioxide decomposition system corresponds to steps c and d, and the exhaust gas discharge system corresponds to step e.
(1) Collecting carbon dioxide tail gas: the tail gas collecting system is adopted to collect the tail gas of factories and mines of various large-scale coal (gas) burning industries such as steel plants, thermal power plants and the like, and the tail gas collecting system is available on the market, so that the details are not repeated.
(2) And carrying out tail gas treatment such as dust removal, desulfurization and the like on the tail gas.
(3) Sending the treated tail gas into an oxidation tower by using an air blower for secondary oxidation degradation treatment: the oxidation means that carbon, carbon monoxide and other parts which are not completely oxidized into carbon dioxide in the tail gas are oxidized, so that the part is completely oxidized into the carbon dioxide, and the tail gas is finally mainly composed of the carbon dioxide, thereby being beneficial to uniformly decomposing the carbon dioxide in the next step, and simultaneously, the energy released in the oxidation process enables the distance between carbon dioxide molecules to be larger because the composition of the original tail gas is damaged by the oxidation. Reduction of CO2The compactness of the molecular structure of (2) provides degradation conditions for the decomposition of carbon and oxygen molecules in the reaction tank in the next step.
The oxidation tower is a device for performing secondary oxidation, in which a large amount of oxygen is stored, in which the following chemical reactions are performed:
which reaction is mainly determined by the conditions of the oxidation tower temperature, pressure, gas composition, etc.
In the oxidation column, carbon is oxidized by oxygen or carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide, by water to carbon dioxide, and by carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide. As shown in the gas degradation flow diagram of the oxidation tower in fig. 4, the oxidation tower actually corresponds to the degradation tower in the figure, the waste gas enters the heat exchanger through the absorption tower and then enters the degradation tower for degradation, and the gas in the degradation tower is continuously introduced into the reboiler for oxygen blowing and then enters the degradation tower to form a cycle.
(4) And (3) feeding the tail gas of the secondary oxidation into a reaction tank for decomposition, and performing the following chemical reactions in the reaction tank:
thus, the carbon dioxide is decomposed into carbon monoxide and oxygen, and the carbon monoxide is decomposed into carbon and oxygen, thereby achieving the purpose of fully decomposing the carbon dioxide. The decomposition process after degradation is schematically shown in fig. 5, the waste gas is pretreated and sent to a blower, then enters a reaction tank, a heat carrier supplies heat to the reaction tank, the chemical reaction is completed in the reaction tank, and the reacted gas is output from a reactor.
(5) The decomposed oxygen is discharged through a vacuum filter, and carbon gas is sent into an electric decarbonizer by a carbon absorption tower of the reaction tank device to form carbon powder, and exhaust gas of other components is discharged.
The principle of the electric carbon remover of the carbon absorption tower is as follows:
isothermal equation for adsorption (B · E · T equation) was used, namely:
P/V(Po-P)=1/VmC+(C-1)P/VmCPo
in which P-equilibrium partial pressure of adsorbed gas Pa
Po-the liquid phase saturated vapor pressure Pa of a gas at the same temperature
V-volume ML of adsorbed gas
C-constant
Absorption rate of NA=Kg(P-Pi)
NA=Kg(P-Pi)=KL(Ci-C)
NA=Kg(P-P*)=KL(C*-C)
The adsorption isotherms are shown in figure 6: the function is A ═ f (PT)
The overall reaction equation for adsorption can be expressed as:
(6) and introducing gas from the carbon absorption tower into a seawater washing tank, containing seawater, introducing carbon dioxide into the seawater washing tank to generate bicarbonate or carbonate, introducing the carbon dioxide into a rare earth decomposer, containing rare earth decomposition liquid, and further decomposing the rare earth decomposition liquid into oxygen and carbon.
Carbon dioxide (CO)2) Is the basic element of life cycle of animals and plants. CO in the atmosphere2Is mainly limited by two factors, namely photosynthesis of plants, and CO in the atmosphere when the photosynthesis is strong in two seasons of spring and summer each year2The concentration is reduced, the crops are harvested in autumn and winter, the photosynthesis is weakened, and CO in the atmosphere2The concentration is increased. Second, CO2Dissolved in seawater and stored in the ocean in the form of bicarbonate and carbonate salts. CO 22Stable and non-toxic, and its retention time in atmosphere is about 5-10 years.
Using CO in this step2The principle of dissolving in seawater is that after the gas comes out from carbon absorption tower, the gas enters a circulating (sea) water washing pool to remove CO2The advantage of changing to the bicarbonate or carbonate form is that it decomposes more easily and completely, whereas decomposition directly from carbon dioxide is more likely to be incomplete. The carbon dioxide is dissolved in seawater in many reaction formulas, and the method is well known to those skilled in the art, so thatNot discussed in detail, but the left side of the reaction is typically carbon dioxide with sodium salt or sodium hydroxide, the right sideThe side is typically bicarbonate or carbonate, or the like.
The bicarbonate or carbonate is then decomposed by a rare earth decomposition liquid, which is commercially available and well known to those skilled in the art, and thus will not be discussed in detail herein. The reaction formula for chemically reacting the bicarbonate or carbonate with the rare earth decomposition liquid is well known to those skilled in the art, and will not be discussed in detail here. Through the step, part of carbon dioxide which is not decomposed in the step (4) can be converted into bicarbonate or carbonate so as to be decomposed into oxygen and carbon, so that the decomposition rate of the carbon dioxide is further improved.
Fig. 7 is a structural view of a seawater wash basin. The seawater washing pool is provided with an air inlet 1, a seawater inlet 2 and an exhaust port 3 on the upper surface, and a circulating washing tank 4 on the lower surface. Tail gas enters a washing tank from an air inlet 1, seawater enters the washing tank from a seawater inlet 2, mixing and reaction are carried out in a circulating washing tank 4, and gas after reaction is discharged from an exhaust port 3.
The flow of the implementation of steps (3), (4) and (6) can be seen in the process flow diagram of the carbon dioxide decomposition system of fig. 3.
(7) After each step, a process of collecting and measuring flow rate at the end can be carried out, or a collecting and measuring device is arranged, the average concentration and average flow rate value of each gas composition after the step are obtained, the average concentration is multiplied by the measured average flow rate of the gas to obtain the throughput of the component per unit time, the throughput is compared with the preset standard throughput data of the component, if the throughput of the component is not consistent, the execution process of the step is adjusted through an actuator arranged in each step until the throughput of the component reaches the preset standard of the component. Regarding the actuator, the prior art is well established, and therefore, the details thereof are not repeated herein.
The calculation formula is as follows:
Q=qM
wherein Q is the average concentration of a certain component
Average flow of gas
The automatic monitoring and controlling of the whole decomposition process by computer control technology is aimed at ensuring the accuracy of decomposition process and recovery rate of carbon and oxygen.
Carbon dioxide CO2The decomposition system process flow comprises the following gas compositions before and after treatment of each system:
① composition of gas discharged to oxidation tower after tail gas treatment
Composition (I) | CO | CO2 | N2 | O2 | H2 | CH4 | Others |
Composition of% | 63.9 | 18.4 | 9.2 | 0.15 | 1.2 | 0.14 | 7.01 |
② gas composition from oxidation tower to reaction tank
Composition (I) | CO | CO2 | N2 | O2 | H2 | CH4 | Others |
Composition of% | 27.56 | 54.0 | 9.2 | 0.30 | 1.2 | 0.14 | 7.6 |
③ gas composition from reaction tank to carbon absorption tower
Composition (I) | CO | CO2 | N2 | O2 | C | H2 | CH4 | Others |
Composition of% | 49.5 | 16.0 | 8.9 | 0.05 | 5.2 | 1.2 | 0.14 | 18.83 |
④ gas composition from carbon absorption tower to seawater scrubber
Composition (I) | CO | CO2 | N2 | O2 | C | H2 | CH4 | Others |
Composition of% | 47.5 | 7.5 | 8.5 | 0.1 | 0.03 | 1.2 | 0.55 | 34.62 |
⑤ gas composition from seawater scrubber to rare earth decomposer
Composition (I) | CO | CO2 | N2 | O2 | C | H2 | CH4 | Others |
Composition of% | 13.5 | 1.2 | 8.5 | 0.12 | 0.5 | 2.1 | 0.59 | 73.49 |
⑥ composition of gas coming out after passing through rare earth decomposer
Composition (I) | CO | CO2 | N2 | O2 | C | H2 | CH4 | Others |
Composition of% | 10.8 | 0.5 | 9.2 | 3.25 | 0.65 | 5.20 | 1.20 | 69.20 |
The carbon dioxide decomposition treatment adopts a computer control system to monitor the whole processes of collection, decomposition, recovery and discharge, thereby avoiding the dispersed manual operation and intervention of each subsystem and realizing the automation of the whole process of the carbon dioxide decomposition.
We next discuss the operation of this section of the computer control system. FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a computer controlled software system of the present invention. As can be seen in the figure, the carbon dioxide decomposition treatment system comprises 5 modules: the system comprises a system safety module, a waste gas collecting and processing module, a carbon dioxide decomposition module, a tail gas emission module and an exception handling module. Wherein the waste gas collecting and processing module is controlled by a computer corresponding to the steps (1) and (2), the carbon dioxide decomposing module is controlled by a computer corresponding to the steps (3), (4) and (6), and the tail gas discharging module is controlled by a computer corresponding to the step (5).
Wherein the waste gas collecting and processing module is divided into: the waste gas collecting module corresponds to the control of the step (1); an exhaust gas treatment module corresponding to the control of the step (2); and exception handling. The exhaust gas treatment module includes a dust removal function module, a desulfurization function module, other treatment function modules, and exception handling, as shown in fig. 9.
FIG. 10 is an exploded schematic view of a carbon dioxide decomposition module. As can be seen in the figure, the carbon dioxide decomposition module is composed of a collection subsystem, a decomposition system, a cleaning subsystem, a recovery system and an exception handling system.
Claims (5)
1. A decomposition treatment method for industrially producing carbon dioxide, comprising:
a. collecting carbon dioxide tail gas;
b. dedusting and desulfurizing the collected tail gas;
c. feeding the treated tail gas into an oxidation tower for secondary oxidative degradation treatment;
d. feeding the tail gas of the secondary oxidation into a reaction tank for decomposition;
e. discharging decomposed oxygen, and feeding decomposed carbon gas into an electric precipitator
The carbon forms carbon powder.
2. The decomposition treatment method for industrially producing carbon dioxide according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step c, the following chemical reaction is performed to secondarily oxidize the off gas in the oxidation tower to reduce the adherence of the molecular structure of carbon dioxide, so that the decomposition process described later can be easily performed:
3. the decomposition treatment method for industrially producing carbon dioxide according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step d, the following chemical reaction is carried out, decomposition being carried out in a reaction tank:
4. The decomposition treatment method for industrially producing carbon dioxide according to claim 1, characterized in that: after step e is performed, step f is performed
f. And introducing gas from the carbon absorption tower into a seawater washing tank, containing seawater, introducing carbon dioxide into the seawater washing tank to generate bicarbonate or carbonate, introducing the carbon dioxide into a rare earth decomposer, containing rare earth decomposition liquid, and further decomposing the rare earth decomposition liquid into oxygen and carbon.
5. The decomposition treatment method for industrially producing carbon dioxide according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that: after each step of the steps a, b, c, d and e, a process of end setting acquisition and flow measurement is carried out, the average concentration and average flow value of each gas composition after the step are obtained, the average concentration is multiplied by the measured average flow of the gas to obtain the throughput of the component in unit time, the throughput is compared with the preset standard throughput data of the component, and if the average concentration is not consistent with the measured average flow of the gas, the execution process of the step is adjusted through an actuator arranged in each step of the steps a, b, c, d and e.
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CN108970359A (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2018-12-11 | 山东师范大学 | A method of utilizing carbon dioxide in solution of potassium carbonate trapping flue gas |
CN109838288A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2019-06-04 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | A kind of automobile exhaust gas processing apparatus |
CN111799522A (en) * | 2019-04-09 | 2020-10-20 | 深圳市贝特瑞纳米科技有限公司 | Recycling method of positive electrode material, obtained positive electrode material and use thereof |
CN112619349A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-04-09 | 西安西热控制技术有限公司 | Carbon emission reduction system of thermal power plant |
CN114949647A (en) * | 2022-06-06 | 2022-08-30 | 北京航空航天大学 | System and method for preparing breathing gas by extracting oxygen |
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2001
- 2001-06-19 CN CNB011292555A patent/CN1156330C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN109838288A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2019-06-04 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | A kind of automobile exhaust gas processing apparatus |
CN108970359A (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2018-12-11 | 山东师范大学 | A method of utilizing carbon dioxide in solution of potassium carbonate trapping flue gas |
CN111799522A (en) * | 2019-04-09 | 2020-10-20 | 深圳市贝特瑞纳米科技有限公司 | Recycling method of positive electrode material, obtained positive electrode material and use thereof |
CN111799522B (en) * | 2019-04-09 | 2023-01-10 | 锂源(深圳)科学研究有限公司 | Method for recovering positive electrode material, positive electrode material obtained by the method, and use of the positive electrode material |
CN112619349A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-04-09 | 西安西热控制技术有限公司 | Carbon emission reduction system of thermal power plant |
CN114949647A (en) * | 2022-06-06 | 2022-08-30 | 北京航空航天大学 | System and method for preparing breathing gas by extracting oxygen |
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