A kind of multifunctional hydrolyzed mulching liquid and blending process thereof
(1) technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of multifunctional hydrolyzed mulching liquid and blending process thereof, is to be aided with the environment-friendly type agricultural mulching liquid that specialist additive is made with macromolecular material.Belong to a kind of novel means of agricultural production material that adopts fine chemical technology to produce.
Multifunctional hydrolyzed mulching liquid attitude product is used conveniently, can be sprayed and can drench, and is applied directly on the seeded seedbed, and its liquid infiltrates soil at once and the film forming of condensing on the face of land tightly covers the seedbed, and insulation soil moisture conservation effect is not less than general solid mulch film at present.And when arrived rainy season, after several the rain, the just hydrolysis gradually of this film can not cause " white pollution " as present general solid mulch film.Its resolvent nitrogen, potassium ion and the carbonic acid gas, can not cause any pollution in increasing soil.
In addition, owing to be liquid, it is more convenient to add other compositions, an amount of chemical fertilizer, trace element and weedicide, conditioning agent, agrochemical can be added in it and use simultaneously, and therefore this product has just had multiple function.So this is not only and solves the desirable surrogate that present general solid mulch film causes " white pollution " difficult problem, also be a kind of market potential inexpensive multifunctional agricultural product innovation greatly.
The multifunctional hydrolyzed mulching raw material is easy to get, and technology is also uncomplicated, and cost is more cheap than the solid mulch film, in case enter suitability for industrialized production, will be promoted rapidly and popularize, and receives huge social benefit and economic benefit.
(2) background technology
Along with the raising day by day of scientific farming level, northern China low temperature farmland and vast arid farming district are in farming activities such as sowing in ice crust, the short seedling of soil moisture conservation and early rice seedling, and film-mulching technique obtains very big popularization and popularizes.According to the introduction of national supply and marketing head office, in recent years, agricultural mulching has become the third-largest material used for agriculture after chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals.Nearly 100,000,000 mu of the area that China in 1997 carries out plastic film mulching cultivation uses mulch film to reach 400,000 tons, and national membrane covering area in 2000 is up to 1.8 hundred million mu, and the mulch film sales volume reaches more than 600,000 tons.Plastic mulching cultivation technology has become the effective means that gets agricultural profit, and is described as " White Revolution " on the agricultural.But because polyethylene ground film use year after year that in a large number can not natural degradation; the residual film that accumulates in the fields is on the increase; wicking action of their blocking-up soil and the root system development of plant; result in hand cramps to agriculture production; the negative effect of crop failure has appearred in the serious area of certain situation; formed " white pollution ", become the ecological protection problem that needs to be resolved hurrily.Therefore, produce agricultural mulching and become the task of top priority with natural degradation performance.In addition, reflection according to agricultural plant protection department and vast farmers, behind plastic-film-covered cultivation, the weeds procreation is also very vigorous in the film, owing to be stamped plastic film and can't use the manual method weeding, luxuriant weeds influence the growth of crop, and then influence the performance of membrane covering precocity, high yield effect with plant contention nutrient and moisture.Everything all the development and production early of the relevant enterprise of an urgent demand go out the agricultural mulching that can degrade and have weeding function and come.
China is the big country that agricultural mulching is produced, and all there is agricultural mulching manufacturer of certain scale in each province, and overall throughput is more than 500,000 tons.Producing functional agricultural mulching can carry out on existing equipment, and need not scrap build.At first the problem that will solve is that development and production as early as possible go out relevant functional masterbatch.
Can not degrade and the white pollution that causes for new LDPE (film grade) class mulch film, scientist all takes much count of both at home and abroad, the report that new technology, novel material, product innovation aspect are also constantly arranged both at home and abroad in recent years, what at first research and develop such as Japan is the Biodegradable films of masterbatch with the regenerated cellulose; And German at first research and development is the Light ?lysis Film of masterbatch with the heat-sensitive resin; China uses for reference the both biodegradable also photodegradable novel controlled degradation mulch film that the interpolation treated starch is made in regenerated cellulose and heat-sensitive resin of above-mentioned technological development development etc., all is effective substitute products of nondegradable new LDPE (film grade) class film.
Target of the present invention and task are that progressively not only degradable but also agricultural mulching masterbatch with weeding function substituted the common polythene mulch film that can not degrade that widely uses at present and (draw according to relevant research with other; polyethylene is degraded fully under field conditions (factors) to disappear and is fallen to need the time in about 200 years) masterbatch; to solve serious day by day " white pollution " problem; conscientiously protect agroecological environment
The novel environment friendly product that this liquid multifunctional hydrolyzed mulching liquid is produced with the degradable masterbatch just, its residual film can drench natural degradation in the profit at rainwater, (only needing two or three drizzle or moderate rain) resolvent is nitrogen, potassium ion and carbonic acid gas, fertilizer efficiency is arranged, pollution-free, add an amount of weed eradication composition therein and can have the weed eradication function concurrently.Simultaneously, as required, also can add a certain proportion of chemical fertilizer and plant modifying agent, sterilant, it is multi-functional to make it to integrate insulation, soil moisture conservation, getting fat, weeding, deinsectization, supplemental crop physiological regulation etc., and the good assistant of a person's extraordinary power of getting what he wants is provided for friend peasant.
But the common issue with of these products is high a lot of than the production cost of at present general new LDPE (film grade) mulch film, and inconvenience is vast farmers acceptance, and market imports certain difficulty, thereby is difficult to rapid popularization.Simultaneously, because the production technique of these product innovations all is to follow the conventional thought pattern of former polyethylene ground film---use behind the system film earlier, just can't omit system film cost.And, the film of making, thickness can not be adjusted flexibly again, just can't be satisfied fully to user's multiple thickness demand, let alone the multiple function that has insulation, soil moisture conservation, getting fat, weeding, deinsectization, supplemental crop physiological regulation concurrently.The research and development of liquid multifunctional hydrolyzed mulching have successfully solved the problems referred to above, special application patent of invention.
(3) summary of the invention
Multifunctional hydrolyzed mulching liquid not only integrates multiple functions such as insulation, soil moisture conservation, getting fat, weeding, deinsectization, supplemental crop physiological regulation, it is simple and pollution-free to degrade, more valuable is that it is with low cost---also lower by 1/5th than at present general solid mulch film price, and be easily the peasant and accept.Simultaneously, it is used conveniently, can spray and can drench, and also can select any thickness by regulating concentration, can satisfy the different requirements in Different Crop and different plot.Thereby it is more with practical value than biological degradation regenerated cellulose film and photodegradative heat-sensitive resin film than general solid mulch film advanced person, is more suitable for current market comsupton level.
Simultaneously, through on probation repeatedly, not only film forming is fast to prove it, and because good penetrability combines tightly with soil, sealing effectiveness is rather good.In addition,, effectively use area ratio and be much higher than the solid mulch film that current strip free of discontinuities covering is used, avoided the strip free of discontinuities to cover the wasting phenomenon of using 50% idle work because of using by the strain spray.Also proof on probation repeatedly, the easy easy grasp of this product application process, the peasant just just listens and understands, and is easy to learn, once with liking, do not have any popularization obstacle, so this project technology is sophisticated.
Multifunctional hydrolyzed mulching liquid is a kind of hydrolyzed mulching liquid of being made by the following weight proportion raw material:
Polyvinyl alcohol 15~18kg
Polyacrylic acid 5~8kg
Hydroxypropylated starch (substitution value 0.06) 7.0~8.0kg
Sorbyl alcohol 1.28~2.08kg
Ethylene glycol 1.5~2.5kg
Magnesium Stearate 0.02~0.04kg
Urea 0.2~0.4kg
Production technique is mainly as follows suddenly step by step:
(1) polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid, hydroxypropylated starch and sorbyl alcohol are joined in the extrusion machine, pass through room temperature and be heated to 130 ℃, 130 ℃, 100 ℃, 100 ℃ and 6 humidity provinces of 150 ℃/30~40bar.
(2) raw material after the extruding of (1) step is added the further extruding of Magnesium Stearate, urea and ethylene glycol again and obtain the fusion flocculation agent.
(3) add quantitative water in dissolving tank, turn on agitator slowly is sprinkled into flocculation agent after the extruding of (2) step, and according to the type of agitator, stirring velocity is controlled at 100-300 rev/min and is advisable.(stirring velocity makes easily too slowly that polymer beads sinks, conglomeration in water.Speed is too fast, can cause polymer degradation.) promptly obtain multifunctional hydrolyzed mulching liquid.
This mulch film sprays back film forming rapidly, and the mulch film degradation time can be according to crop growth time needs, and the local climate situation is regulated and control voluntarily.It can be degraded in 3-12 months.The fastest can the beginning about one month degraded.But we generally recommend the mulch film degradation time should be not less than three months.
(4) specific embodiment:
Through in the farmland to corn, cotton, vegetables, peanut, the crops long run tests such as watermelon are seen Survey, this hydrolyzed mulching possesses heating of common ground film fully, and the performances such as soil moisture conservation effect and intensity meet The instructions for use of crops. Its crop growing state and output all maintain an equal level with common ground film. This hydrolyzed mulching is not Contain harmful components, after tested soil and crop are not produced murder by poisoning.
2. controllability is good, and induction period is stable, detects through tanning by the sun with the farmland practical application, and exist induction period More than 60 days, big cracking time can maintain 70-80 days substantially. Meet the instructions for use in farmland, Through Continuous Observation in a few years, this mulch film is under exposure condition, and it is more thorough to degrade, basically then Can reach Powdered.
3. hydrolyzed mulching is owing to spray film forming everywhere, and every mu of farmland consumption is few, and it is low to cover cost, than 8-10 microns common ground film reduces agricultural and drops into 1/4-1/2. The peasant is easy to accept. Therefore, The two degradative plastic films of this non-starch type are easy to promote in the whole nation.
4. hydrolyzed mulching can be observed growth of microorganism breeding feelings under the condition of unglazed photograph (burying soil) Condition.
Comprehensive its technology reaches the top standard of current similar product.