CN1331911A - Water-retaining and soil moisture preserving tree planting method for drought area - Google Patents
Water-retaining and soil moisture preserving tree planting method for drought area Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
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- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims 2
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008239 natural water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种植树方法,特别是一种干旱地区隐形蓄水保墒植树方法,该方法包括以下步骤:a.在挖好的树坑底部,垂直均匀分布有三至五个深孔;b.在每个深孔中插入一根具有防渗漏的生物可降解中空管,在中空管中装有含水50－98%的隐形蓄水材料;c.将树坑四周除中空管以外的区域设置保水防渗层;d.防渗水处理后,在树坑底部覆盖一层植物秸秆,并在植物秸秆上均匀喷洒适量的水;e.将在工厂或现场制好的花盆状微生态灶放入树坑;f.将树苗栽入微生态灶中,用潮湿土壤培土,并使表面成凹下的喇叭形;g.往树坑中浇头遍水后,用薄膜将树坑表面覆盖,薄膜的覆盖面积1－6m2将薄膜四周用土或卵石压紧;h.将薄膜与树坑中央成10－30度坡度,并使之与树杆结合部封闭,再在树坑内区域用银针扎出10－50个微细孔。The present invention relates to a method for planting trees, in particular to a method for planting trees in an arid region with invisible water storage and moisture conservation. A biodegradable hollow tube with anti-leakage is inserted into each deep hole, and an invisible water storage material with a water content of 50-98% is installed in the hollow tube; c. Set up a water-retaining and anti-seepage layer in the area; d. After the anti-seepage water treatment, cover a layer of plant straw on the bottom of the tree pit, and evenly spray an appropriate amount of water on the plant straw; e. Put the ecological stove into the tree pit; f. Plant the saplings into the micro-ecological stove, cultivate the soil with moist soil, and make the surface into a concave trumpet shape; g. After pouring water into the tree pit, cover the surface of the tree pit with a film , the covering area of the film is 1-6m2 . Press the surrounding area of the film with soil or pebbles; h. Make the film and the center of the tree pit form a slope of 10-30 degrees, and make it close the joint with the tree pole, and then use silver in the area of the tree pit. The needle makes 10-50 tiny holes.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种植树方法，特别是一种干旱地区隐形蓄水保墒植树方法。The invention relates to a tree planting method, in particular to a tree planting method for invisible water storage and moisture conservation in arid areas.
背景技术Background technique
目前公知的各种干旱地区植树方法，均限于显形供水问题的解决，既缺乏系统地解决养分、水分的可持续调节的有效措施，更忽视了采用精细技术利用地下水的问题。长期以来人们只着眼于土层的表层或浅层的蓄水、供水问题，而其最大的缺陷在于还需经常不断的人工供水，水资源利用率低，成本较大，有效持续时间短。无疑，这些方法尚表现为简单、粗放。Currently known methods for planting trees in arid areas are limited to the solution of apparent water supply problems. They lack effective measures to systematically solve the sustainable regulation of nutrients and water, and ignore the problem of using groundwater with fine technology. For a long time, people have only focused on the water storage and water supply of the surface or shallow layers of the soil, but its biggest defect is that it needs frequent and continuous artificial water supply, low water resource utilization, high cost, and short effective duration. Undoubtedly, these methods are still simple and extensive.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明是提供一种干旱地区隐形蓄水保墒植树方法，其具体技术方案是：The present invention provides a tree planting method for invisible water storage and moisture conservation in arid areas, and its specific technical scheme is:
一种干旱地区隐形蓄水保墒植树方法，其特征在于该方法包括以下步骤：A tree planting method for invisible water storage and moisture conservation in arid areas, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
a.在挖好的树坑底部，垂直均匀分布有三至五个深孔；a. At the bottom of the dug tree pit, there are three to five deep holes evenly distributed vertically;
b.在每个深孔中插入一根具有防渗漏的生物可降解中空管，在中空管中装有含水50-98％的隐形蓄水材料；b. Insert a biodegradable hollow tube with anti-leakage into each deep hole, and an invisible water storage material with a water content of 50-98% is installed in the hollow tube;
c.将树坑四周除中空管以外的区域设置保水防渗层；c. Set up a water-retaining and anti-seepage layer around the tree pit except for the hollow pipe;
d.防渗水处理后，在树坑底部覆盖一层植物秸秆，并在植物秸秆上均匀喷洒适量的水；d. After anti-seepage treatment, cover the bottom of the tree pit with a layer of plant straw, and evenly spray an appropriate amount of water on the plant straw;
e.将在工厂或现场制好的花盆状微生态灶放入树坑；e. Put the flowerpot-shaped micro-ecological stove made in the factory or on-site into the tree pit;
f.将树苗栽入微生态灶中，用潮湿土壤培土，并使表面成凹下的喇叭形；f. Plant the saplings into the micro-ecological stove, cultivate the soil with moist soil, and make the surface into a concave trumpet shape;
g.往树坑中浇头遍水后，用薄膜将树坑表面覆盖，薄膜的覆盖面积1-6m2将薄膜四周用土或卵石压紧；g. After pouring the water into the tree pit, cover the surface of the tree pit with a film, the covering area of the film is 1-6m2 , and press the film around with soil or pebbles;
h.将薄膜与树坑中央成10-30度坡度，并使之与树杆结合部封闭，再在树坑内区域用针扎出10-50个微细孔。h. Form a slope of 10-30 degrees between the film and the center of the tree pit, and close the junction with the tree pole, and then pierce 10-50 microscopic holes with needles in the area of the tree pit.
本发明的创新之处在于：1)依据干旱地区人工树草地土层及沙漠沙层水份垂直变化的层次分布规律，人工设置蓄水保墒系统于树根周边区域，特别是树根下部土层，利用毛细管水运行的规律，在人工调节下，有效利用降水、地下水蓄墒保墒，使得在树木栽培及成长的较长时期里，均衡地供给营养、水分，特别是解决水分亏缺；2)是以现代微生态学原理为依据，首次提出的隐形稳态调节养分及水分的方法，克服了滴灌、微灌等方法中的不足；3)适合于大规模工业化植树，特别是对干旱、半干旱地区的沙漠化土壤植树绿化提供了更加科学、有效、易操作和实施的模式；4)该方法原材料易得，适用面广泛，一次性投入后，有效期长，后期管理费用低，充分体现了可持续调节养分、水分的生态系统发展的要求，为人工可调控干旱生态网络体系的构建提供了科学的技术基础及微生态层面的技术措施，改善了利于树根部生长的微生态系统；5)可根据地理和气候条件，确定深孔的直径和深度。干旱地区深孔的直径和深度可加大；半干旱地区深孔的直径和深度可适当减小。The innovation of the present invention is: 1) According to the level distribution law of the vertical change of water content in the artificial tree grassland soil layer and the desert sand layer in the arid area, artificially set the water storage and moisture conservation system in the surrounding area of the tree root, especially the lower soil layer of the tree root , using the law of capillary water operation, under manual adjustment, effectively use precipitation and groundwater to store moisture and preserve moisture, so that in the long period of tree cultivation and growth, nutrition and water can be supplied in a balanced manner, especially to solve water shortage; 2) Based on the principle of modern microecology, the method of stealth and steady-state regulation of nutrients and water was proposed for the first time, which overcomes the deficiencies in methods such as drip irrigation and micro-irrigation; 3) It is suitable for large-scale industrial tree planting, especially for drought, semi Planting trees in desertified soil in arid areas provides a more scientific, effective, easy-to-operate and implement model; 4) This method has easy-to-obtain raw materials and a wide range of applications. The requirements for the development of an ecosystem that continuously regulates nutrients and water provide a scientific technical basis and technical measures at the micro-ecological level for the construction of an artificially adjustable drought ecological network system, and improve the micro-ecological system that is conducive to the growth of tree roots; 5) It can According to geographical and climatic conditions, determine the diameter and depth of the deep hole. The diameter and depth of deep holes in arid areas can be increased; the diameter and depth of deep holes in semi-arid areas can be appropriately reduced.
本发明的实质在于在树坑垂直下部建立了人工微型水库及营养库，从而利用毛细管水的运动原理，在植树的同时补充足够的人工水，采用防渗水技术及吸水、保水技术，在干旱地区，人工微型水库发挥调节水分作用，使人工微型水库中的水以虹吸及毛细管运动向树根部补给养分、蒸汽水。在极干旱的情况下，可借助于少量的人工给水补充，比现有的使用技术节省人力、节省工序、节省水资源，投资省，效果好，发挥作用时间长，并可将天然水蓄于地下微型水库，防止水土流失，提高降水利用率；靠天然水补充即可解决水分严重亏缺问题，可长期发挥作用至成片绿化，使植物根部向下延伸，树木的抗旱能力完全形成。该方法中的有机质可缓缓变为有机肥料，继续供给养分，同时改变沙质，形成土壤结构。将此法作为技术核心，在地面再配以防沙、固沙的其它技术，则可完全有效地实现沙漠绿化。The essence of the present invention lies in the establishment of an artificial micro-reservoir and a nutrient storehouse at the vertical lower part of the tree pit, thereby using the movement principle of capillary water to supplement sufficient artificial water while planting trees, and adopting anti-seepage technology and water absorption and water retention technology. In the region, the artificial micro-reservoir plays the role of regulating water, so that the water in the artificial micro-reservoir supplies nutrients and steam water to the roots of the tree through siphon and capillary movement. In the case of extreme drought, it can be supplemented by a small amount of artificial water supply. Compared with the existing technology, it saves manpower, process and water resources, saves investment, has good effect and long working time, and can store natural water in Underground micro-reservoirs can prevent water and soil erosion and improve the utilization rate of precipitation; relying on natural water supplementation can solve the serious water shortage problem, and can play a long-term role until the area is afforested, allowing the roots of plants to extend downwards, and the ability of trees to resist drought is fully formed. The organic matter in this method can be slowly turned into organic fertilizer to continue to supply nutrients while changing the sand quality to form a soil structure. Taking this method as the technical core, and then matching other technologies of sand prevention and sand fixation on the ground, desert greening can be fully and effectively realized.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
实施例1：在种植一年生小树苗时，在挖好的树坑底部，垂直均匀分布有四个直径为3厘米，深度1米的深孔，在每个深孔中插入一根具有防渗漏的生物可降解中空管，在中空管中装有湿润的混合均匀的锯末、植物秸杆、保水剂及水，将树坑四周除中空管以外的区域设置保水防渗层；防渗水处理后，在树坑底部覆盖一层厚1厘米的植物秸秆，并在植物秸秆上均匀喷洒适量的水；将在工厂制好的花盆状微生态灶放入树坑；花盆状微生态灶是由缓释多元复合微生态土壤制成的。将树苗栽入微生态灶中，用潮湿土壤培土，并使表面成凹下的喇叭形；往树坑中浇头遍水后，用薄膜将树坑表面覆盖，薄膜的覆盖面积1m2并将薄膜四周用土压紧；将薄膜与树坑中央成10度坡度，并使之与树杆结合部封闭，再在树坑内区域用针扎出10个微细孔即可。Embodiment 1: When planting annual saplings, at the bottom of the tree pit dug, four diameters are evenly distributed vertically and are 3 centimeters, deep holes of 1 meter in depth, and a root with anti-seepage is inserted in each deep hole. The biodegradable hollow tube is equipped with moist and evenly mixed sawdust, plant straw, water-retaining agent and water in the hollow tube, and a water-retaining and seepage-proof layer is set around the tree pit except for the hollow tube; anti-seepage After the water treatment, cover the bottom of the tree pit with a layer of plant stalks with a thickness of 1 cm, and spray an appropriate amount of water evenly on the plant stalks; put the flowerpot-shaped micro-ecological stove made in the factory into the tree pit; The ecological stove is made of slow-release multi-component compound micro-ecological soil. Plant the saplings in the micro-ecological stove, cultivate the soil with moist soil, and make the surface into a sunken trumpet shape; pour water into the tree pit, and cover the surface of the tree pit with a film, the covering area of the film is 1m Press it tightly with soil; form a 10-degree slope between the film and the center of the tree pit, and close the junction with the tree pole, and then pierce 10 microscopic holes with needles in the area of the tree pit.
实施例2：在移植多年生树苗时，在挖好的树坑底部，垂直均匀分布有五个直径为30厘米，深度8米的深孔，在每个深孔中插入一根具有防渗漏的生物可降解中空管，在中空管中装有湿润的混合均匀的锯末、植物秸杆、保水剂及水，将树坑四周除中空管以外的区域设置保水防渗层；防渗水处理后，在树坑底部覆盖一层厚5厘米的植物秸秆，并在植物秸秆上均匀喷洒适量的水；将在现场制好的花盆状微生态灶放入树坑；花盆状微生态灶是由缓释多元复合微生态土壤制成的。将树苗栽入微生态灶中，用潮湿土壤培土，并使表面成凹下的喇叭形；往树坑中浇头遍水后，用薄膜将树坑表面覆盖，薄膜的覆盖面积6m2并将薄膜四周用土压紧；将薄膜与树坑中央成30度坡度，并使之与树杆结合部封闭，再在树坑内区域用针扎出50个微细孔即可。Embodiment 2: when transplanting perennial saplings, at the bottom of the tree pit dug, five diameters are evenly distributed vertically and are 30 centimeters, deep holes of 8 meters in depth, insert a leak-proof hole in each deep hole The biodegradable hollow tube is filled with moist and evenly mixed sawdust, plant straw, water-retaining agent and water, and the area around the tree pit except the hollow tube is provided with a water-retaining and anti-seepage layer; anti-seepage After treatment, cover the bottom of the tree pit with a layer of 5 cm thick plant stalks, and evenly spray an appropriate amount of water on the plant stalks; put the flower pot-shaped micro-ecological stove made on site into the tree pit; The stove is made of slow-release multi-component compound micro-ecological soil. Plant the saplings in the micro-ecological stove, cultivate the soil with moist soil, and make the surface into a sunken trumpet shape; pour water into the tree pit, and cover the surface of the tree pit with a film, the covering area of the film is 6m 2 and surround the film. Press it tightly with soil; form a slope of 30 degrees between the film and the center of the tree pit, and close the junction with the tree stem, and then pierce 50 microscopic holes with needles in the area of the tree pit.
实施例3：在沙漠中植树时，在挖好的树坑底部，垂直均匀分布有四个直径为8厘米，深度6米的深孔，在每个深孔中插入一根在工厂制好的具有防渗漏的生物可降解的管，其中填有含水量90％的隐形蓄水材料。将树坑四周除中空管以外的区域设置保水防渗层；防渗水处理后，在树坑底部覆盖一层厚4厘米的植物秸秆，并在植物秸秆上均匀喷洒适量的水；将在工厂制好的花盆状微生态灶放入树坑；花盆状微生态灶是由缓释多元复合微生态土壤制成的。将树苗栽入微生态灶中，用潮湿土壤培土，并使表面成凹下的喇叭形；往树坑中浇头遍水后，用薄膜将树坑表面覆盖，薄膜的覆盖面积3m2并将薄膜四周用卵石压紧；将薄膜与树坑中央成20度坡度，并使之与树杆结合部封闭，再在树坑内区域用针扎出30个微细孔即可。Embodiment 3: When planting trees in the desert, at the bottom of the tree pit dug, four diameters are evenly distributed vertically and are 8 centimeters, deep holes of 6 meters in depth, insert a root made in the factory in each deep hole Leakproof biodegradable tube filled with invisible water storage material with 90% water content. Set up a water-retaining and anti-seepage layer around the tree pit except for the hollow pipe; after the anti-seepage water treatment, cover the bottom of the tree pit with a layer of plant straw with a thickness of 4 cm, and spray an appropriate amount of water evenly on the plant straw; The factory-made flowerpot-shaped micro-ecological stove is placed in the tree pit; the flowerpot-shaped micro-ecological stove is made of slow-release multi-component compound micro-ecological soil. Plant the saplings into the micro-ecological stove, cultivate the soil with moist soil, and make the surface into a sunken trumpet shape; after pouring water into the tree pit, cover the surface of the tree pit with a film, and the covering area of the film is 3m Press it tightly with pebbles; form a slope of 20 degrees between the film and the center of the tree pit, and close the junction with the tree pole, and then pierce 30 microscopic holes with needles in the area of the tree pit.
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| CN102626045A (en) * | 2012-04-27 | 2012-08-08 | 新疆林业科学院 | Root-rapid-growth afforestation method by digging |
| CN102626046A (en) * | 2012-04-27 | 2012-08-08 | 新疆林业科学院 | Forestation method by drilling hole for promoting rapid growth of root system |
| CN102860232A (en) * | 2012-09-26 | 2013-01-09 | 江苏花海农业科技有限公司 | Method for greening barren hills |
| CN102860231A (en) * | 2012-09-26 | 2013-01-09 | 江苏花海农业科技有限公司 | Production method of integrated afforestation nutrition pot |
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| CN103508789A (en) * | 2013-09-07 | 2014-01-15 | 福建省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Nutrient carrier material having functions of loosening ventilation and water and fertilizer retention |
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