CN1324982A - Overrunning compression internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

The linear reciprocating piston type internal combustion engine comprises machine body, main movement system, cylinder cap, which is characterized by that the exterior of combustion chamber is equipped with auxiliary piston driven by eccentric camshaft, when the auxiliary piston is in expansion stroke, it occupies combustion chamber, and when said auxiliary piston is in compression stroke, it comes out of combustion chamber. As compared with existent internal combustion engine said invention can utilize lower compression ratio to obtain high-power output, can be extensively used in the traffic transportation and other fields.

Description

Overrunning compression internal combustion engine

The present invention relates to a kind of internal-combustion engine arrangement, especially the linear reciprocating piston type internal-combustion engine arrangement.

Current linear reciprocating piston type internal-combustion engine is through 100 years of development, two kinds of machines that combustion manner is different have been formed, be ignition internal combustion engine and compression ignition internal combustion engine, stroke several difference by work cycle can be divided into two stroke IC engine and quartastroke engine again, above-mentioned which kind of internal-combustion engine all is to obtain power output by the working gas in this body of Piston Compression of its main motion system, working gas in this body degree by compression is many more, be that compression ratio is high more, the fuel combustion speed that enters in this body is fast more, the firing pressure and the temperature that produce are high more, at the identical similar machine of same displacement and bore and stroke by contrast, little fuel-efficient more more high-power of the ratio compression ratio that compression ratio is big.In order to reduce the consumption of fuel, when internal combustion (IC) Engine Design, can increase the compression ratio of internal-combustion engine, but the more function of needs consumption is carried out the compression to working gas, for ignition internal combustion engine, improve compression ratio and can be subjected to keeping within bounds of fuel characteristic, owing to enter the mixed gas that to be fuel oil mix mutually with air in this body, when the temperature of the gas that compresses surpasses the self-ignition point of fuel, fuel will burn voluntarily, be that the spark Cezanne does not produce before the spark, inflammable mixture in this body just causes burning voluntarily because of environment temperature is higher than burning-point, causing needs to consume more function can make piston cross top dead center, further worsen fuel consume, so-called top dead center means the crank spindle heart, the rod journal heart and the wrist pin heart are linearly the time, and the most distant point of piston motion track position and bent axle is called top dead center, and the minimum distance of piston motion track position and bent axle claims lower dead center.Spontaneous combustion too early will make the internal-combustion engine counter-rotating and can't proper functioning when serious, thereby the compression ratio of ignition internal combustion engine is difficult to increase.Though compression ignition internal combustion engine is not kept within bounds by the characteristic of fuel, but behind the raising compression ratio, the corresponding raising of maximum combustion pressure and temperature, mechanical load that the internal-combustion engine parts are born and heat load strengthen, and selecting materials of parts and manufacturing technology level are had requirements at the higher level, after compression ratio improves in addition, the rough running of internal-combustion engine and vibration noise increase, after working pressure was excessive, structural strength that relevant parts are had relatively high expectations and rigidity had increased the manufacture cost of internal-combustion engine.Mention at " motor car engine modern designs " (the 9.26th page) that publish August nineteen ninety-five, the Spark ignition type petrol engine improves compression ratio greater than after 10 to 1, the general benefit of combustion system to routine is just little, except that requiring high-knock rating gasoline, also has detonation, malcombustion phenomenons such as surface ignition, and bring rough running, the load of motor movement parts strengthens, requirement on machining accuracy to firing chamber and crankshaft ﹠ connecting improves, the strict control in premature ignition angle, degradation shortcoming under the mechanical efficiency.The compression ignition internal combustion engine maximum combustion pressure improves the wearing and tearing aggravation that back mechanical load increase not only makes stressed part, and easily cause damage, so control maximum combustion pressure, to take enhancements to related components simultaneously, maximum combustion pressure improves the corresponding raising of back fuel gas temperature, the internal-combustion engine heat load increases, heat load is too high, thermal stress strengthens can cause that chamber wall, valve-seat face and piston face crack, piston loops carbon takes place, the part gap changes, the lubricating oil high-temp coking, and oil consumption such as increases at fault.Because from the perfect combustion that takes fire, reaching maximum combustion pressure will spend a period of time to fuel, i.e. the velocity of combustion of fuel in this body.Because the fast moving of piston in this body, in order to make maximum combustion pressure be pressed on the piston-top surface timely, effectively utilize the expansive force of splashing of working gas, have only the piston no show of employing budc to carry out ignition or spray into fuel oil, make piston arrives atdc working gas can reach the maximum combustion pressure state, utilize the expansive force of splashing of working gas to act on the piston-top surface timely.But rapid increased pressure is impinged upon on the piston-top surface owing to burning in advance, this moment, piston was still located in the top dead center moving movement, sharply the increased pressure direction is opposite with the piston motion direction, for making piston arrive top dead center position smoothly, must consume the tired function of more storage and overcome rapid increase pressure, reduce the externally function of output of internal-combustion engine the obstruction of piston to the top dead center motion.If adopt the combustion manner of piston to top dead center, do not carry out working gas in the distilled edition body though consume more additional functionality, but because the fast moving of piston, maximum combustion pressure is crossed atdc at piston and can be produced, the burning that the maximum combustion pressure of this moment just reaches the combustion manner in advance of maximum combustion pressure than piston shortly past the top dead center swelling pressure power of splashing is much smaller, this is because fuel combustion is crossed late and the cause that the piston tip spatial volume enlarges, the maximum burning swelling pressure power of splashing fails in time to be pressed on the piston-top surface, causes internal-combustion engine low to the utilization ratio of fuel.In order to allow maximum combustion pressure reach maximum value shortly past a little position of atdc in piston, and minimizing is because of the compression function of premature ignition or oil jetting combustion additive decrementation, the an amount of combustion manner in advance that in the Modern Internal-Combustion Engine design, has only the compromise adopted, be that the burning of fuel can be burnt when piston reaches top dead center and finished half, can reduce the additional compression function that consumes because of burning in advance like this and maximum combustion pressure can be reached timely shortly past atdc at piston push away on piston-top surface, consume more function so long as adopt the combustion manner in advance of piston arrives budc just must increase because of compression.When piston is in top dead center, piston tip spatial volume minimum, it is the firing chamber of internal-combustion engine, the piston position of this moment can make the maximum combustion pressure liter reach maximum value, piston can obtain the maximum swelling pressure power of splashing, so cross atdc when piston, the maximum combustion pressure of internal-combustion engine is can not reach rise the maximum value that reaches, because of the restriction that has velocity of combustion and the fast moving of piston, so Modern Internal-Combustion Engine is difficult to utilize preferably the maximum combustion pressure work done.Even velocity of combustion is infinitely fast, Modern Internal-Combustion Engine need not adopt the premature ignition combustion manner to carry out work done, just light a fire when piston is in top dead center position or oil spout and reach the maximum value of maximum combustion pressure at top dead center position, promptly fuel perfect combustion finishes when top dead center.This moment maximum combustion pressure point of action bent axle speed bar axle journal deformation trace and the angle of the direction of maximum combustion pressure in vertical state, i.e. W _Merit=F _Pressure.S _Displacement.COSa=F _Pressure.S _Displacement.COS90 °=F _Pressure.S _Displacement* 0=0.At this moment the maximum value of maximum combustion pressure can not be converted into useful work.Modern Internal-Combustion Engine structurally exists in the time of can making the maximum combustion pressure liter reach maximum value, but can not be converted into the shortcoming of useful work, is difficult to the energy that is produced than the good utilisation fuel combustion.

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of linear reciprocating piston type internal-combustion engine arrangement, can make internal-combustion engine needn't improve the swelling pressure power of splashing that compression ratio just can obtain to improve the getable higher working gas in compression ratio rear on this apparatus structure, thereby avoided the pinking that produced behind the compression ratio because of improving, surface ignition, machinery lotus and heat load increase the influence to internal-combustion engine, make internal-combustion engine need not adopt the mode of premature ignition or oil spout to carry out work, and the maximum value of maximum combustion pressure results from atdc, and the heat energy that fuel is produced is converted into useful mechanical energy and improves its utilization ratio.

For achieving the above object, the present invention has done further improvement to the structure of linear reciprocating piston type internal-combustion engine, at piston by main motion system, this body, the combustion chambers of internal combustion engines that cylinder head is formed is provided with auxiliary piston outward, this auxiliary piston top surface area belongs to the part of firing chamber inner surface area, auxiliary piston is under the driving of the eccentric cam shaft of being controlled by the bent axle of main motion system, when being moved producing to lower dead center by top dead center, the piston of main motion system enters the spatial volume that occupies the firing chamber when swelling pressure power is splashed in combustion gas fast, piston in main motion system is made a concession out outside the spatial volume of firing chamber when top dead center moves compression work gas by lower dead center fast, this eccentric cam shaft that drives auxiliary piston is identical with the rotation rotating speed of the bent axle of main motion system, for quartastroke engine except can adopting this eccentric cam shaft driving auxiliary piston mode identical with the rotating speed of bent axle, still can adopt two weeks of crankshaft rotating and mode that eccentric cam shaft rotates a circle drives auxiliary piston occupying or making a concession the firing chamber, be in each work cycle, the firing chamber is occupied in power stroke and exhaust stroke, and auxiliary piston withdraws from the firing chamber in suction stroke and compression stroke.The action that auxiliary piston enters the spatial volume that occupies the firing chamber can not be later than and finish after the main motion system bent axle is crossed 60 ° of top dead centers, the bent axle that the action of making a concession out bags volume can not be later than main motion system finishes after crossing 60 ° of lower dead center, cooperates described structure the present invention to adopt the piston of main motion system to cross the igniting of atdc or the work done mode of oil spout is carried out running work.

After adopting said structure, when internal combustion (IC) Engine Design is got a certain compression ratio, be that auxiliary piston locates to make a concession out the firing chamber state outside the firing chamber, the piston of main motion system carries out the working gas in the distilled edition body at this moment, so no matter to be ignition internal combustion engine or compression ignition internal combustion engine, its compression ratio just can unnecessaryly improve, the identical close ratio of the desirable compression ratio with Modern Internal-Combustion Engine of this compression ratio is avoided because of improving the influence to internal-combustion engine such as pinking, surface ignition, mechanical load and heat load increase etc. that compression ratio produces.After the piston of main motion system is finished compression, by top dead center when lower dead center moves, auxiliary piston begins to enter fast to occupy the firing chamber under the driving of eccentric cam shaft, and the bent axle that auxiliary piston must not be later than main motion system occupies the action of bags volume by finishing after 60 ° of the top dead center rotations, finishing before After Top Center 60 ° to occupy to move helps allowing maximum combustion pressure can in time urge on the piston-top surface of main motion system, Shang Ruo After Top Center 60 ° finish to stop to occupy the firing chamber action as yet, even auxiliary piston occupies the spatial volume of firing chamber fully afterwards, owing to causing maximum combustion pressure not rise, downward mobile its headspace volume expansion of piston reaches the maximum value that reach, the gaseous-pressure of piston-top surface reduces, the external output function of internal-combustion engine reduces, why so be because the maximum combustion pressure value of internal-combustion engine except that all multifactor impacts, the size of combustion chamber volume is the key of left and right sides firing pressure value, it is little that big its in combustion chamber volume space produces the maximum combustion pressure value, and the maximum combustion pressure value of little its generation in combustion chamber volume space is big.Finish compression stroke at the piston of main motion system and ended atdc when lower dead center moves, the internal-combustion engine work done of lighting a fire, inflammable mixture in the ignition internal combustion engine ignition combustion chamber, compression ignition internal combustion engine sprays into an amount of fuel oil in the firing chamber, compare with the premature ignition of Modern Internal-Combustion Engine or the work done mode that sprays into fuel oil, just need not pay compression function because of premature ignition work done additive decrementation, reduce the unnecessary function of paying more of internal-combustion engine self running, the additional functionality that saves can be converted into useful function and externally export, during the burning of fuel, though the piston of main motion system constantly moves to lower dead center, but because auxiliary piston enters and occupies the firing chamber, the piston tip volume space does not increase, when fuel after burning in this body finishes, preferably also be that auxiliary piston is finished and entered in the release that occupies the combustion chamber volume space stops this moment, volume space when piston tip volume space at this moment and piston place top dead center is very nearly the same, even littler, the size of the piston tip volume space of this moment depends on that auxiliary piston occupies the speed of firing chamber action and the degree that the firing chamber is occupied.Because the fuel end of having burnt this moment, the maximum combustion pressure liter of piston tip reaches maximum value, and swelling pressure power can in time apply pressure to piston tip so high combustion is splashed.Result from the position of atdc because of maximum combustion pressure, this maximum combustion pressure acts on the point of action that initiatively moves system's bent axle, be rod journal at this moment the angle of the direction of deformation trace and maximum combustion pressure less than 90 ° of angles, then this maximum combustion pressure can external output function, i.e. W _Merit=F _Pressure.S _DisplacementCOSa＞0, a＜90 °, but can not work done compare when producing maximum combustion pressure with the top dead center of Modern Internal-Combustion Engine, the useful conversion ratio of Structure of Internal-Combustion Engine device of the present invention aspect maximum combustion pressure is high than Modern Internal-Combustion Engine, the vibration factor that causes internal-combustion engine is more, except that the inertia influence of movement parts, the firing pressure that the moment of being broken out during the igniting work done sharply increases also is topmost vibration source, because the structure of Modern Internal-Combustion Engine makes maximum combustion pressure reach maximum value near top dead center, the rod journal of the bent axle of main motion system is as the point of action of gaseous-pressure at this moment, the angle of near the motion track top dead center and the direction of gaseous-pressure is nearly plumbness, pressure in this body of internal-combustion engine moment by less rapid increase manyfold, bigger gaseous-pressure is swift and violent hits to bump in pushing away at bent axle through connecting rod on the piston-top surface and connects on the neck, stressed parts piston, connecting rod, bent axle enough will not damage by force like the fruit structure strength and stiffness, distortion, fracture, because Modern Internal-Combustion Engine can not be converted into useful work to gaseous-pressure at this moment and externally export, i.e. W _Merit=F _Pressure.S _Displacement.COSa=F _Pressure.S _Displacement* COS90 °=F _Pressure.S _Displacement* 0=0, a=90 °.Enough resisting hitting of gaseous-pressure moment because of the structural strength of parts and rigidity bumps, be unlikely the damage that causes stressed parts, major part is broken out energy that pressure collision piston moment produced and is failed to be converted into useful work and absorbed by stressed parts, transfer useless vibrational energy to and slattern, embody with the vibration that causes internal-combustion engine.The maximum combustion pressure of internal combustion engine of the present invention results from after the top dead center, during the fuel combustion that gaseous-pressure sharply increases, because the piston of main motion system constantly moves down, combustion gas breaks out pressure and appends with the form of catching up with and be pressed on the piston-top surface, the bruising power of hitting of piston-top surface and moment prolongs time of contact to some extent, gaseous-pressure hit bump piston just seem than the Modern Internal-Combustion Engine gentleness many, generation is to the stressed member piston, connecting rod, bent axles etc. are destructive to be reduced relatively, because the point of action rod journal of gaseous-pressure had been located a certain position of atdc during gaseous-pressure was increased sharply, the angle of the motion track of point of action and the gaseous-pressure force direction on piston is less than 90 °, this moment, gaseous-pressure can work done, i.e. W _Merit=F _Pressure.S _Displacement.COSa＞0, a＜90 °.Though failing a gaseous-pressure all is converted into useful work and externally exports, with the available power of Modern Internal-Combustion Engine is zero comparing, fail the gaseous-pressure that utilizes under the surplus and want little many than Modern Internal-Combustion Engine, the mechanical load that its stressed parts bore is less, the useless energy that parts inside is absorbed is also than lacking that the Modern Internal-Combustion Engine parts are absorbed, and the vibration that is caused is also slight weak.Slightly look and improve the influence to Modern Internal-Combustion Engine such as the later pinking of compression, surface ignition, mechanical load, heat load, the i.e. Modern Internal-Combustion Engine that under very high compression ratio, can run well, be used for conditions such as same displacement except that compression ratio is different, cylinder number, cylinder diameter, stroke, rotating speed under internal-combustion engine of the present invention compare mutually.The bent axle of the Modern Internal-Combustion Engine of high compression ratio in power stroke when top dead center rotates to a certain angle, if the auxiliary piston of internal-combustion engine of the present invention can finish to enter when this crank shaft angle and occupy combustion chamber volume space action, the spatial volume of the piston tip of Ci Shi high compression ratio Modern Internal-Combustion Engine and internal-combustion engine of the present invention is the same big or small so, gaseous-pressure is with to be converted into available power identical, no matter be high compression ratio Modern Internal-Combustion Engine or internal-combustion engine of the present invention promptly, after this crank angle, finish to power stroke, the combustion gas merit that swelling pressure power done of splashing is identical, the power that can externally export is identical, thereby internal-combustion engine of the present invention After Top Center just is equivalent to the high compression ratio Modern Internal-Combustion Engine behind certain crank angle, behind what crank angle, reach the output state of high compression ratio Modern Internal-Combustion Engine, the high compression ratio Modern Internal-Combustion Engine that is equivalent to great compression ratio enters the degree that the speed that occupies action and auxiliary piston occupy the combustion chamber volume space by auxiliary piston and is depended on.The same outputting power of high compression ratio internal-combustion engines is arranged though can not enter at auxiliary piston during occupying firing chamber action, promptly the combustion gas that is subjected to of the main motion system piston of the high compression ratio internal-combustion engines swelling pressure power of splashing is obviously much bigger than the combustion gas of the main motion system piston of the present invention internal-combustion engine swelling pressure power of splashing during this period.Yet high compression ratio internal-combustion engines is between the less crank angle of atdc, the splash utilization ratio of swelling pressure power of combustion gas is on the low side, even the gaseous-pressure value is higher, the pressure that changes into useful work is less, the pressure that can not be converted into useful work of stressed parts absorbed inside is more, mechanical load is bigger, though so high compression ratio internal-combustion engines during can export a little function and be slightly better than internal-combustion engine of the present invention, just the big back of parts mechanical load is to there being negative effect in working life of internal-combustion engine, manufactured materials to parts, structural strength, the rigidity requirement height, increase the manufacture cost of parts, need to improve the machining accuracy of manufacturing technology and part, the combustion gas that piston bore of the swelling pressure power higher compression ratios internal-combustion engine swelling pressure power of splashing is little though the combustion gas that the piston of internal-combustion engine main motion system of the present invention is born during auxiliary piston occupies the firing chamber is splashed, be converted into useful work still less than high compression ratio internal-combustion engines, but the mechanical load of stressed parts is little, helping internal-combustion engine prolongs working life, the vibration that is caused is slight, manufactured materials to part, structural strength, rigidity requirement is not too high, by contrast, bent axle during auxiliary piston occupies the firing chamber is in a certain corner of top dead center rotation, high compression ratio internal-combustion engines occupies the combustion gas big advantage of swelling pressure power of splashing, but along with the auxiliary piston of internal-combustion engine of the present invention occupies forfeiture suddenly after the combustion chamber volume release, the combustion gas the same size of turgor pressure power of splashing after this.High compression ratio internal-combustion engines is because compression ratio is very high, the more tired function of storage of needs consumption just can be finished the compression to the working gas in this body, the compression ratio of internal-combustion engine of the present invention is lower, only need to consume the tired function of less storage and just can finish compression to the working gas in this body, promptly high compression ratio internal-combustion engines is more than what machine of the present invention consumed because of function that compression work gas is consumed aspect compression.Though entering at auxiliary piston, internal-combustion engine of the present invention sacrifices to some extent during occupying the firing chamber, institute's output function is inferior to high compression ratio internal-combustion engines, but because the tired function of the storage that internal-combustion engine of the present invention self running consumes is few, the tired function of the storage of saving is converted into the outwards more power of output of useful work, can remedy auxiliary piston and enter and occupy the externally little loss of output during the burning.Compare with the high output of high flow rate of high compression ratio internal-combustion engines, internal-combustion engine of the present invention can carry out running work with the high output of low consumption.Because internal combustion function of the present invention obtains the output of high compression ratio with the compression of low compression ratio, though compression ratio of internal-combustion engine is high-power more high more, but for Structure of Internal-Combustion Engine device of the present invention, the compression ratio that painstakingly improves internal-combustion engine has not had much meanings, even be the design that internal-combustion engine mechanism arrangement of the present invention adopts low compression ratio, but can obtain equally improving the high output effect that compression ratio just can reach, reach utilization ratio that increases fuel oil and the mechanical efficiency that improves internal-combustion engine.

Two kinds of constructional devices of the present invention are described below with reference to accompanying drawings, the mode of execution of promptly compression-ignited two stroke diesel engine and Spark ignition type four-stroke gasoline engine.

Fig. 1 is the structure sectional view of the compression-ignited two stroke diesel engine mode of execution of the present invention (main motion system piston be positioned at top dead center, when auxiliary piston is positioned at outside the firing chamber).

Fig. 2 is the diagrammatic cross-sectional view along A-A line among Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is the structure sectional view of the purple oily machine mode of execution of the compression-ignited two-stroke of the present invention (the main motion system piston is positioned under the atdc, and auxiliary piston occupies and burns when stopping up the volume space release).

Fig. 4 is the structure sectional view of Spark ignition type four-stroke gasoline engine mode of execution of the present invention (main motion system piston be positioned at top dead center, when auxiliary piston is positioned at outside the firing chamber).

Fig. 5 is the diagrammatic cross-sectional view along B-B line among Fig. 4.

Fig. 6 is the structure sectional view of Spark ignition type four-stroke gasoline engine mode of execution of the present invention (the main motion system piston is positioned under the atdc, auxiliary piston occupy burning when stopping up the volume space release).

Fig. 7 is the eccentric cam shaft cross sections shape figure that drives auxiliary piston.

Fig. 1 and Fig. 3 illustrate the mode of execution of the compression-ignited two stroke diesel engine of the present invention.13 li of this bodies are by driving the main motion system that piston 4 that straight line up and down moves is repeatedly formed by bent axle 1 rotation through connecting rod 3.Piston 4, this body 13, cylinder head 11 and auxiliary piston 7 constitute firing chamber 6.Auxiliary piston 7 enters the volume space that occupies firing chamber 6 in piston 4 rapidly by top dead center when lower dead center moves under the driving of the eccentric cam shaft 8 that is rotated driven rotary by bent axle 1, make a concession out firing chamber 6 at piston 4 by lower dead center when top dead center moves.Working gas is forced to enter 13 li of this bodies and is expelled waste gas after burning to discharge outside this body 13 from air outlet flue 5 through intake valve 10 by intake duct 12 after pressurizeing, working gas sprays into the working gas that an amount of oil inflame becomes High Temperature High Pressure by oil nozzle 9 after compression, promote piston 4 external works done, near gas after the burning was entered this body 13 afterwards piston 4 moves to lower dead center new superheated steam drives then, outside air outlet flue 5 is overflowed these bodies 13.

Shown in Figure 3 is the maximum combustion pressure state of compression-ignited two stroke diesel engine.Working gas is in 13 li compressions that are subjected to piston 4 of this body, when piston 4 is positioned at the top dead center position compression stroke at the end, the gas temperature that the firing chamber is 6 li surpasses the spontaneous ignition temperature of diesel oil, this back piston 4 is moved to lower dead center by top dead center, auxiliary piston 7 enters the volume space that occupies firing chamber 6 under the driving of eccentric cam shaft 8 simultaneously, this moment, oil nozzle 9 sprayed into an amount of diesel oil for 6 li to the firing chamber together, 6 li of diesel oil mist of oils in the firing chamber surpass burning voluntarily in the hot operation gas of its self-ignition point, after the oil inflame that sprays into finishes, firing chamber 6 volume spaces are occupied by auxiliary piston 7, though this moment, piston 4 was located the position under the top dead center, but because auxiliary piston 7 has occupied the spatial volume of firing chamber 6, so piston 4 headspace volumes do not enlarge, can make the high combustion swelling pressure power of splashing reach maximum value and act on timely on piston 4 end faces, piston 4 pushes away on rod journal 2 and forces bent axle 1 rotation through connecting rod 3 under the promotion of the swelling pressure power of splashing, thereby reach the resistance that the tired part of functions of outside outputting power and storage overcomes compression work gas and friction, after external force disconnects, it can be turned round voluntarily.

So-called two stroke IC engine means the piston round trip, and in one week of crankshaft rotating, the igniting work done once.

Fig. 4 and Fig. 6 illustrate the mode of execution of Spark ignition type four-stroke gasoline engine of the present invention.13 li of this bodies are by driving the main motion system that piston 4 that straight line up and down moves is repeatedly formed by bent axle 1 rotation through connecting rod 3.Piston 4, this body 13, cylinder head 11 and auxiliary piston 7 constitute firing chamber 6.Eccentric cam shaft 8 drives backspin by bent axle 1 rotation to be changeed, when lower dead center moves, drive rocking arm 16 and top pull bar 15 in piston 4 from top dead center 6 li of firing chambers are gone in auxiliary piston 7 rapid jackings, drive rocking arm 16 when upwards point is mobile and top pull bar 15 is pulled out auxiliary piston 7 outside the firing chamber 6 at piston 4 from lower dead center, auxiliary piston 7 is the Placement of joint motion with top pull bar 15 and being connected of rocking arm 16.

When bent axle 1 during in the external force rotary driving, 13 li straight line is mobile repeatedly up and down at this body piston 4 through connecting rod 3 for the rod journal 2 of bent axle 1, piston 4 is put the straight sky that is produced when mobile up and down by top dead center the burning mixture of gasoline and air mixing is entered 13 li of this bodies from the intake valve 10 of intake duct 12 through opening, and carries out the work cycle of internal-combustion engine---suction stroke.Piston 4 moves to after bottom dead center, bent axle 1 continues rotation and drives piston 4 and moved to top dead center by lower dead center, intake valve 10 is closed, and inflammable mixture owing to piston 4 is compressed to moving of top dead center, enters the work cycle of internal-combustion engine---compression stroke 13 li of this bodies.Piston 4 moves to atdc, promptly compression stroke at the end, as shown in Figure 4, the inflammable mixture of 6 li of firing chambers became very easy and lighted this moment.Piston 4 top dead centers move to lower dead center afterwards, the electrical spark that the inflammable mixture that the firing chamber is 6 li is produced by spark plug 17 is lighted and is taken fire, auxiliary piston 7 entered rapidly under the driving of eccentric cam shaft 8 and occupied firing chamber 6 this moment, internal-combustion engine enters work cycle---power stroke, fuel oil in the inflammable mixture is burned finish after, this moment, firing chamber 6 was also occupied by auxiliary piston 7, as shown in Figure 6, though the position under piston 4 place's atdc, but piston 4 top volume spaces do not enlarge, having guaranteed that maximum combustion pressure can rise causes the maximum value that reach, the burning swelling pressure power of splashing can chase after timely and is pressed on piston 4 top, the swelling pressure power of splashing pushes away on rod journal 2 by connecting rod 3, forces bent axle 1 rotation and reaches the resistance that outside outputting power and the tired partial function of storage overcome compression work gas and friction it can be turned round voluntarily.Piston 4 is defeated after near the lower dead center by the combustion gas swelling pressure of splashing, exhaust valve 14 is opened, piston 4 is moved to top dead center by lower dead center under the driving of the rotary inertia of bent axle 1, auxiliary piston 7 was driven by eccentric cam shaft 8 and made a concession out firing chamber 6 this moment, piston 4 squeezes out burning working gas later outside the internal-combustion engine through air outlet flue 5 from the exhaust valve of opening 14, enters internal combustion engine circuit---exhaust stroke.Piston 4 is displaced into atdc, exhaust valve 14 cuts out, piston 4 continues to be moved to lower dead center by top dead center, and this moment, intake valve 10 was opened, 13 li of this bodies of inflammable mixture inspiration that gasoline and air are mixed mutually, enter the suction stroke of next work cycle in addition, constantly repeat by suction stroke, compression stroke, power stroke, each work cycle of the order of exhaust stroke is in each work cycle, bent axle 1 rotation two weeks, 720 ° of degree angle, piston 4 comes and goes four times.After the rotary inertia of bent axle 1 enough overcomes compression work gas and surface friction drag, disconnect external force after internal-combustion engine can turn round voluntarily, increase behind the fuel oil just external outputting power of internal-combustion engine again.

Fig. 7 illustrates the working surface section of eccentric cam shaft.Because adopting single eccentric cam shaft working surface to drive auxiliary piston in eccentric cam shaft rotates a circle in enters and occupies and make a concession out the firing chamber respectively once, so carrying out that I is undertaken two drive actions to II section face, auxiliary piston is driven enter occupy the firing chamber action and finish after, when the eccentric cam shaft rotation half cycle left and right sides, the firing chamber is made a concession out in the auxiliary piston driving, eccentric cam shaft rotation afterwards drives auxiliary piston to enter again during second week and occupies the firing chamber, because of bent axle is identical with the eccentric cam shaft revolution, realized that auxiliary piston occupies the firing chamber by top dead center and piston is made a concession out the firing chamber by lower dead center when top dead center moves in crankshaft rotating one all inherent pistons when lower dead center moves.I to the length of II section face and sloping steepness size influence the speed of auxiliary piston action, and section face is short more, and sloping steepness is big more, and then auxiliary piston enters that to occupy and withdraw from employing of firing chamber fast more.II to III section face keep auxiliary piston to after the occupying of firing chamber before make a concession out and after making a concession out to the time that enters before occupying, promptly keep auxiliary piston occupying and making a concession in some crank angle to the firing chamber, realize piston can obtain enough big combustion gas splash swelling pressure power with avoid producing pinking, surface ignition and less consumption are to the compression function of working gas.III is a buffer area to IV section face, and slow and late actuator bumps dashing of eccentric cam shaft, and its length and I are roughly suitable to II section face.Height L ₁Length represent to compress at the end compression degree, i.e. compression ratio.Height L ₂The length mobile square of representing auxiliary piston from.Arrow points is the sense of rotation of eccentric cam shaft.

Quartastroke engine except the driving auxiliary piston that can adopt crankshaft rotating one all eccentric cam shafts and rotate a circle equally to the firing chamber occupy and the yielding mode, also can adopt two weeks of crankshaft rotating and mode that eccentric cam shaft rotates a circle drives auxiliary piston occupying and making a concession the firing chamber, Fig. 7 illustrates the shape face and is equally applicable to above-mentioned driving mode, when internal combustion engine operation is in power stroke and exhaust stroke, eccentric cam shaft drives auxiliary piston and occupies the firing chamber, just auxiliary piston begins occupy firing chamber as dynamic stroke by top dead center from piston when lower dead center moves, finish to occupy to keep after the action always and occupy state to exhaust stroke and finish, the firing chamber is made a concession out by side after this, promptly guaranteed of the effect of the highest gaseous-pressure to piston, the waste gas that piston is discharged when top dead center motion exhaust is more thorough, this is because after the firing chamber occupied, piston motion during to top dead center its headspace volume reduced little and the residual exhaust gases in the firing chamber squeezed out outside the firing chamber by piston, because of the firing chamber dwindles, the waste gas that remains in the firing chamber remains less comparatively speaking.When internal combustion engine operation is in suction stroke and compression stroke, eccentric cam shaft drives auxiliary piston and makes a concession out the firing chamber, and keeping back-off state to compression dashes at the end, promptly can use lower compression compression work gas recently, can suck more work gas again, for auxiliary piston occupies the firing chamber, because when suction stroke was carried out just when auxiliary piston was made a concession out the firing chamber, therefore the bigger degree of vacuum of corresponding generation also can correspondingly increase the working gas amount in this body of suction certainly.

Be appreciated that, the present invention is not limited to some features of above-mentioned mode of execution, can also be designed to can the burn internal-combustion engine of multiple inhomogeneity fuel of various ways structures such as four-stroke compression ignition internal combustion engine and spark ignition type two-cycle internal-combustion engine, eccentric cam shaft drives the driving mode that auxiliary piston also can use number of different types flexibly, guarantee that auxiliary piston can be on time and occupy and withdraw from the requirement of firing chamber timely as long as reach, so just can make internal-combustion engine of the present invention obtain the effect of higher compression ratio function output with lower compression ratio must be in realization.

Claims (9)

1, a kind of linear reciprocating piston type internal-combustion engine.Comprise this body, be loaded on the main motion system in the car body, with the cylinder head of the fastening position of this body, described main motion system comprises bent axle, connecting rod, piston and crankshaft-flywheel; The piston of the main motion system in described cylinder head and this body and this body constitutes the firing chamber of internal-combustion engine, it is characterized in that: be provided with the auxiliary piston of being controlled by the crankshaft rotating of main motion system that eccentric cam shaft drove outside the described firing chamber, this auxiliary piston top surface area belongs to the part of firing chamber inner surface area; Described auxiliary piston occupies bags volume in producing when swelling pressure power is splashed in combustion gas under the rotation of eccentric cam shaft drives, make a concession out bags volume when compression work gas.

2, linear reciprocating piston type internal-combustion engine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described auxiliary piston enters the spatial volume that occupies the firing chamber from top dead center in the piston of main motion system fast when lower dead center is moved, and enters to occupy bent axle that action must not be later than main motion system and cross top dead center 60 degree backs and finish.

3, linear reciprocating piston type internal-combustion engine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described auxiliary piston withdraws from outside the spatial volume of firing chamber when top dead center moves from lower dead center fast in the piston of main motion system, withdraws from bent axle that action must not be later than main motion system and crosses lower dead center 60 degree backs and finish.

4, according to claim 1,2 or 3 described linear reciprocating piston type internal-combustion engines, it is characterized in that: the bent axle of described main motion system is identical with the rotating speed of the eccentric cam shaft that drives auxiliary piston.

5, linear reciprocating piston type internal-combustion engine according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: the piston that described compression ignition internal combustion engine is got main motion system is crossed atdc and spray into the fuel oil start of lighting a fire voluntarily when lower dead center is moved.

6, linear reciprocating piston type internal combustion type internal-combustion engine according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: the inflammable mixture that the piston that described ignition internal combustion engine is got main motion system is crossed atdc ignition combustion chamber when lower dead center the moves work done of lighting a fire.

7, linear reciprocating piston type internal-combustion engine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the crankshaft rotating of described main motion system is during two weeks, and the eccentric cam shaft that drives auxiliary piston rotates a circle.

8, according to claim 1 or 7 described linear reciprocating piston type internal-combustion engines, it is characterized in that: described auxiliary piston occupies the spatial volume of firing chamber when making dynamic stroke and exhaust stroke.

9, according to claim 1 or 7 described linear reciprocating piston type internal-combustion engines, it is characterized in that: described auxiliary piston is made a concession out bags volume when suction stroke and compression stroke.

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