CN1322034A - 微波天线 - Google Patents
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- CN1322034A CN1322034A CN01116515.4A CN01116515A CN1322034A CN 1322034 A CN1322034 A CN 1322034A CN 01116515 A CN01116515 A CN 01116515A CN 1322034 A CN1322034 A CN 1322034A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q17/00—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems
- H01Q17/001—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems for modifying the directional characteristic of an aerial
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/42—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/02—Details
- H01Q19/021—Means for reducing undesirable effects
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/02—Details
- H01Q19/021—Means for reducing undesirable effects
- H01Q19/022—Means for reducing undesirable effects for reducing the edge scattering of reflectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/02—Details
- H01Q19/021—Means for reducing undesirable effects
- H01Q19/025—Means for reducing undesirable effects for optimizing the matching of the primary feed, e.g. vertex plates
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
- H01Q19/12—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave
- H01Q19/13—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave the primary radiating source being a single radiating element, e.g. a dipole, a slot, a waveguide termination
- H01Q19/134—Rear-feeds; Splash plate feeds
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Abstract
一种双反射器微波天线,包括一个具有抛物线旋转产生的抛物面一部分的形状并且具有单一、公共旋转和对称轴的主反射器。一个主馈源沿主反射器凹面上主反射器轴线延伸,位于所述主反射器之外的子反射器具有倒像设计,该设计具有位于主反射器和子反射器之间并且围绕主反射器轴线延伸的焦距环。在单一或双反射器天线中,主反射器具有带电介质或导电材料带的屏蔽,该带围绕屏蔽内表面至少一部分延伸用于减少该天线反射损耗。通过安装围绕主馈源至少端部外周边延伸的吸收材料屏蔽可以改善辐射图。在双反射器天线的情况下,通过安装主馈源和子反射器之间的电介质或导电元件,或通过在子反射器表面上安装吸收材料环可以减少反射损耗。
Description
本发明涉及微波天线。本发明的某些部分特别只适合应用于双反射器天线，而其它部分适合应用于单反射器和双反射器天线两者。
按照本发明的一个方案，双反射器微波天线安装有一个主反射器，该反射器具有通过抛物线围绕旋转和对称的单一、公共轴线旋转而产生抛物面一部分的形状；主馈源沿主反射器凹面的主反射器轴线延伸并且具有与主反射器间隔的缝隙；和位于所述主反射器之外用于将来自主反射器的辐射反射到主馈源中和用于将来自主馈源的辐射反射到主反射器上的子反射器，子反射器具有倒像表面设计，该设计具有位于主反射器和子反射器之间并且围绕主反射器轴线延伸的焦距环，该焦距环具有至少如同主馈源孔径直径大的直径，子反射器具有围绕主反射器轴线椭圆旋转所形成椭圆面一部分的形状，椭圆的第一焦点位于轴线上而第二焦点与轴线偏离以便围绕轴线旋转的椭圆形成围绕轴线延伸的焦距环。通过围绕子反射器周边上安装内衬吸收器可以改善该天线产生的辐射图。这种和其它双反射器天线的反射损耗可以通过在主馈源和子反射器之间安装电介质或导电元件而减少。
按照本发明的另一个方案，所提供的反射器型微波天线包括具有至少抛物面一部分和具有对称轴形状的一个反射器；一个沿该轴线延伸的主馈源；和围绕发生器外周边延伸并且在发生器辐射来自主馈源能量方向相同方向上从反射器伸出的屏蔽，和一个围绕至少屏蔽内表面一部分延伸的电介质和导电材料的镶边用于减少该天线反射损耗。为改善该天线产生的辐射图，该屏蔽以吸收材料列成，最好只在侧面部分以故事水平辐射图而不明显增加增益损耗或天线成本。
按照本发明的又一个方案，所提供的反射器型微波天线包括具有作为至少抛物线一部分的形状和具有对称轴的一个反射器；一个沿该轴线延伸的主馈源；和围绕发生器外周边延伸并且在反射器辐射来自主馈源能量相同方向上伸出的一个屏蔽，和围绕主馈源至少端部外周边延伸的吸收材料屏蔽。在本发明这方面的优选实施例中，该天线是包括上述类型反射器的双反射器天线，而吸收材料的屏蔽具有小于子反射器焦距环直径的外直径。
图1是应用本发明一个方案的双反射器天线示意图；
图2是应用本发明双反射器天线的后视图；
图3是图2天线部分截面的侧视图；
图4是图1和2天线中主馈源和子反射器组件放大和更详细的透视图；
图5是图4组件放大的纵向截面；
图6是图4和5组件截面的分解图；
图7是应用本发明另外部分的修改的双反射器天线部分截面的分解顶视图；
图8是应用本发明另一个方案的修改的子反射器正视图。
现在回到附图并且首先参照图1的示意图，一个主反射器10具有围绕轴线11的抛物线旋转所产生抛物面一部分的形状，该轴线是旋转和对称的单一公共轴线。主反射器10具有一个顶点V和一个焦距F1。沿该轴线11延伸，通过主反射器10和其顶点V，为圆形波导12以该天线主馈源的作用。波导12的开口端形成主馈源的孔径，该孔径与主反射器10隔开。其它的主馈源装置，例如各种喇叭口型馈源喇叭也可以用作图示中圆形波导的位置。主反射器10的外周边位于与轴线11正交并且穿过圆形波导12的平面上，即波导12在轴线12方向在该反射器凹面一侧延伸到主反射器10之外。
位于波导12端部和主反射器10焦距10之间的是子反射器13，用于反射来自主反射器的辐射到主馈源内并且用于将来自主馈源的辐射反射到主反射器上。主反射器10和子反射器13两者通常为圆形和围绕轴线11对称。子反射器13具有倒像表面设计，该设计具有位于主反射器10和子反射器13之间并且围绕轴线11延伸的焦距环RF。焦距环RF具有至少如同馈源喇叭孔径直径一样大的直径，即圆形波导12的开口端。如同在此所使用的，术语“焦距环”子反射器包括具有表面设计的子反射器，该表面设计反射穿过较小半径宽度的环型区域的射线，而非穿过相同环型线的所有射线。即，焦距环可以在半径方向上稍微散布。
在图1所示的特定实施例中，子反射器13具有围绕轴线11的椭圆线E旋转所产生的椭圆面一部分的形状。该椭圆的第一焦点位于轴线11上，而椭圆的第二焦点偏离轴线11以便椭圆围绕轴线11旋转形成沿轴线11延伸的焦距环RF。椭圆E的主轴通过焦距F2和F2与轴线成α角。椭圆的焦点F2位于圆形波导12形成的馈源喇叭相位中心或附近。子反射器13的焦距环FR位于子反射器13和馈源喇叭端部之间，并且在图示的实施例中，焦距环FR的直径近似与子反射器13的直径相同。
来自波导12的射线从子反射器13的中心反射穿过焦距环FR到主反射器10的最外周边上，并且然后以轴线11平行的方向离开主反射器10。从子反射器13最外周边部分上反射的射线16穿过焦距环FR到主反射器10被照射部分的最内周边上，然后以轴线11平行的方向离开主反射器10。因此，该天线发射的电磁波是所希望的平面波。
子反射器13在此称为“倒像”子反射器，因为来自主馈源12照射在子反射器13外部分的辐射被反射到主反射器照射部分的最内部分上。
图2-6表示了图1中所示利用几何原理的双反射器天线。主反射器10通过几个螺栓安装在轮盘20和顶点平板21之间。在抛物面反射器1轴线11上的圆形波导12穿过轮盘20和顶点平板21，波导12的端部22位于反射器10外周边23平面之外。电介质材料制造的半球型天线罩24套在反射器10的法兰盘25上通过几个螺丝紧固。
包含主馈源和子反射器的组件在图4-6中详细图示。如同在图5中所示，圆形波导12的外表面被加工形成肩角30，该肩角紧邻顶点平板21的后面以精确固定波导。波导的前端部分也加工得减少其外直径用于接受附带在子反射器13中央部分上的电介质管31。该电介质管31的长度确定了子反射器13的位置。子反射器13通过将电介质管31粘接在减小的波导12端部和子反射器13中心部分上而支撑。
管31用使管子对通过管壁的辐射例如进入和发出波导12的辐射和通过子反射器13中心部分和主反射器10之间的辐射具有可忽略影响的足够薄的电介质材料制造。最好也用封闭气泡的泡末电介质32填充波导12和管子31，该电介质具有同样低的介电常数，以使波导12内部和所连接的发射系统防潮和其它环境条件。
为减少由于能量从子反射器13反射回到主馈源12中引起的该天线损耗，在子反射器和主馈源端部之间安置电介质或导电圆盘或环面。在图2-6的天线中，小金属环面40(见图6)安装在填充电介质管31的电介质泡末塑料中。环面40的直径和厚度选择得产生具有抵消子反射器反射回圆形波导12开口端反射幅度的反射，环面40沿轴线11的位置产生抵消所需要的相位差。为保持金属环面40在所需要位置上，环面对准电介质圆盘41的中心孔径，其随后被夹在两段泡末电介质32的圆柱体32a和32b之间。两个胶带42和43将圆盘41的相反表面粘合到两段电介质32a和32b的相反面上，如图6清楚地表示的。
图7表示了修改的天线，其中与图1-6中共同的元件用相同的参考号码表示。在该天线中，圆柱型金属屏蔽50围绕主反射器10的外周边延伸并且在主反射器10辐射来自子反射器13的能量的方向上从主反射器伸出。屏蔽50的一端套在并且安装在反射器10的周边法兰盘上，屏蔽50的另一端接受一个天线罩52。
为减少屏蔽50的反射损耗，屏蔽安装了围绕屏蔽内表面延伸的电介质或导电材料带。在图7所示的实施例中，该带通过屏蔽50短部分53向里变形形成以形成我屏蔽内表面360度延伸的向里升高带54。该带54围绕圆形波导12的开口端安置，并且大小刚好抵消屏蔽朝主馈源的反射。
另外，吸收材料垫55安装在屏蔽50的内表面以故事该天线的水平辐射图。为使因为吸收器使用而引起的增益降低最小，垫55最好只应用在屏蔽50的相反侧面部分上，在直径相反位置上覆盖大约30度对角。只在这些有限区域上使用吸收器也减少该天线成本。如果增益损耗和成本不是主要因素，则吸收器衬里可以围绕屏蔽的整个圆周延伸。
为进一步改善辐射图，内衬吸收器的圆柱型金属屏蔽60围绕子反射器13的外周边延伸并且从子反射器13外周边向主反射器10伸出。屏蔽60从子反射器13的外周边穿过一部分距离到焦距环RF，以便它不遮断主反射器10外周边与子反射器13中心之间的射线。
仍然为进一步改善该天线的辐射图，内衬屏蔽70围绕着圆形波导12的端部。该屏蔽70包括金属外层71、在金属层71内表面上吸收材料层72和粘合在波导12外表面和电介质管的刚性泡末电介质制造的环型支撑元件73。该馈电系统屏蔽对于具有焦距环的子反射器特别有用，因为在主馈源与主反射器和子反射器之间最里面射线路径半径之间有足够空间容纳这种屏蔽。可是，馈电系统屏蔽也用于使用馈源喇叭的主焦点天线，该馈源喇叭在90度范围产生辐射电平，这对于产生总天线辐射方向图的明显衰减足够高。
图8表示了用于减少子反射器13反射损耗的另一个特征。在此直接应用吸收材料环80发射子反射器的表面。该环大小使得该环80没有覆盖的子反射器表面区域对总VSWR的影响接近零。在所示的实施例中，对于具有大约六英寸直径的子反射器该环80可以具有大约1/8英寸的宽度。这种尺寸的环没有明显改变子反射器的照射，并且基本上减少了所影响总馈电能量的比例，由此减少了辐射方向图减弱。
已经发现使用具有单一旋转轴线的常规抛物面主反射器的焦距环子反射器比其它具有大约20倍波长或更小范围内主反射器直径的双反射器天线提供明显改善的增益，而极少或不增加该天线成本。
Claims (27)
1．一种双反射器微波天线包括
一个反射器，具有抛物线旋转产生的抛物面一部分的形状并且具有单一、公共旋转和对称轴，
一个主馈源，沿所述轴线延伸到主反射器凹侧并且具有与所述主反射器隔开的孔径，和
一个子反射器，位于所述主馈源端部之外用于将来自主反射器的辐射反射到主馈源和用于将来自主馈源的辐射反射到主反射器上，所述子反射器具有倒像表面设计，该设计具有位于主反射器和子反射器之间并且围绕所述抛物面旋转轴延伸的焦距环，所述焦距环具有至少与所述主馈源直径一样大的直径。
2．权利要求1的双反射器天线，其中所述子反射器具有椭圆围绕熟抛物面旋转轴旋转产生的椭圆部分形状，所述椭圆的第一焦点位于所述旋转轴上而所述椭圆第二焦点与所述旋转轴偏离以便围绕所述轴线的所述椭圆旋转形成围绕所述旋转轴延伸的焦距环。
3．权利要求2的双反射器天线，其中所述第一椭圆的所述第一焦点和所述主馈源的端部位于所述主馈源相位中心。
4．权利要求2的双反射器天线，其中所述椭圆的所述第二焦点位于离开所述旋转轴至少所述主馈源孔径外周边之外。
5．权利要求1的双反射器天线，其中所述主反射器的焦点位于所述子反射器对于所述主馈源相反的一侧。
6．权利要求1的双反射器天线，其中所述主反射器的外周边位于与所述旋转轴正交并且延伸穿过所述主馈源的平面上。
7．权利要求1的双反射器天线，其中所述主反射器和所述子反射器两者通常是圆形和围绕所述旋转轴对称。
8．权利要求1的双反射器天线，其中所述主馈源是圆形波导。
9．权利要求1的双反射器天线，它包括一个屏蔽，围绕所述主反射器的外周边延伸并且在所述主反射器辐射来自所述子反射器能量相同的方向从所述主反射器伸出。
10．权利要求9的双反射器天线，它包括内衬在围绕所述主反射器外周边延伸的所述屏蔽内表面的吸收器。
11．权利要求10的的双反射器天线，其中所述吸收器材料仅仅在所述屏蔽内表面侧面部分上。
12．权利要求9的双反射器天线，它包括围绕所述屏蔽内表面至少一部分延伸的电介质材料的带用于减少该天线反射损耗。
13．权利要求9的双反射器天线，它包括围绕所述屏蔽内表面至少一部分延伸的导电材料的带用于减少该天线反射损耗。
14．权利要求1的双反射器天线，它包括在所述子反射器外周边上并且从所述子反射器向所述主反射器延伸的至少一个屏蔽。
15．权利要求14的双反射器天线，它包括内衬在所述子反射器外周边上所述屏蔽内表面上的吸收器。
16．权利要求1的双反射器天线，它包括围绕所述主馈源端部外周边延伸的吸收材料的屏蔽。
17．权利要求16的双反射器天线，其中所述吸收器屏蔽包括一个圆柱型金属外层，一个在所述金属曾内表面上的圆柱型吸收器层。
18．权利要求17的双反射器天线，其中所述外金属层外表面的直径小于所述子反射器的直径。
19．权利要求1的双反射器天线，它包括所述主馈源和所述子反射器之间的电介质或导电元件用于减少该天线的反射损耗。
20．权利要求1的双反射器天线，其中所述主反射器具有大约10到20倍波长范围内的外直径或小于发射和接收微波信号中心频率。
21．权利要求1的双反射器天线，它包括在所述子反射器表面上吸收材料环用于减少该天线的反射损耗。
22．一种双反射器微波天线包括：
一个反射器，具有抛物面一部分的形状并且具有对称轴，
一个主馈源，沿所述轴线延伸并且具有与所述主反射器隔开的孔径，和
一个子反射器，位于所述主馈源端部之外用于将来自主馈源的能量反射到主反射器上和用于将来自主反射器的能量反射到主馈源，和
一个电介质或导电元件，在所述主馈源与所述子反射器之间用于减少该天线的反射损耗。
23．一种双反射器微波天线包括：
一个反射器，具有抛物面一部分的形状并且具有对称轴，
一个主馈源，沿所述轴线延伸并且具有与所述主反射器隔开的孔径，和
一个子反射器，位于所述主馈源端部之外用于将来自主馈源的能量反射到主反射器上和用于将来自主反射器的能量反射到主馈源，和
一个吸收材料环，在所述子反射器表面上用于减少该天线反射损耗。
24．一种反射器型微波天线包括：
一个反射器，具有抛物面至少一部分的形状并且具有对称轴，
一个主馈源，用于对所述主反射器辐射能量并且具有与所述主反射器隔开的孔径，和
一个吸收材料屏蔽，围绕所述主馈源至少端部外周边延伸。
25．一种反射器型微波天线包括：
一个反射器，具有抛物面至少一部分的形状并且具有对称轴，
一个主馈源，用于对所述主反射器辐射能量并且具有与所述主反射器隔开的孔径，和
一个屏蔽，围绕所述反射器外周边延伸和以所述反射器辐射来自所述主馈源能量相同方向从所述反射器伸出，和一个电介质或导电材料带围绕所述屏蔽内表面至少一部分延伸用于减少该天线反射损耗。
26．一种反射器型微波天线包括：
一个反射器，具有抛物面至少一部分的形状并且具有对称轴，
一个主馈源，用于对所述主反射器辐射能量并且具有与所述主反射器隔开的孔径，和
一个子反射器，位于所述主馈源端部之外用于将来自所述主馈源的能量反射到所述主反射器上，和用于将来自所述主反射器的能量反射到所述主馈源内，所述子反射器具有倒像表面设计，该设计具有位于所述主反射器和子反射器之间并且围绕所述抛物面旋转轴延伸的焦距环，所述焦距环具有至少与所述主馈源孔径直径一样大直径，和
一个屏蔽，围绕所述主反射器外周边延伸并且以所述主反射器辐射来自所述子反射器能量相同的方向从所述主反射器伸出，和在所述屏蔽内表面上吸收材料垫用于改善该天线水平辐射图。
27．一种辐射微波信号的方法，所述方法包括：
提供具有抛物线旋转产生的抛物面一部分的形状并且具有单一、公共旋转和对称轴的一个主反射器，
通过围绕所述主反射器凹面上所述轴线延伸并且具有与所述主反射器隔开孔径的主馈源辐射微波信号，所述微波信号通过所述孔径发射，和
将通过所述孔径发射的所述微波信号从位于所述主馈源之外的子反射器反射到所述主反射器上，所述子反射器具有倒像表面设计，该设计具有与主反射器和子反射器之间和围绕所述抛物面旋转轴延伸的焦距环，所述焦距环具有至少与所述主馈源孔径直径一样大的直径。
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| US60/185,050 | 2000-02-25 | ||
| US09/780,789 US6522305B2 (en) | 2000-02-25 | 2001-02-09 | Microwave antennas |
| US09/780,789 | 2001-02-09 |
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| CN1322034A true CN1322034A (zh) | 2001-11-14 |
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| CN01116515.4A Pending CN1322034A (zh) | 2000-02-25 | 2001-02-24 | 微波天线 |
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| US (1) | US6522305B2 (zh) |
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| US5952983A (en) | 1997-05-14 | 1999-09-14 | Andrew Corporation | High isolation dual polarized antenna system using dipole radiating elements |
| US5945951A (en) | 1997-09-03 | 1999-08-31 | Andrew Corporation | High isolation dual polarized antenna system with microstrip-fed aperture coupled patches |
-
2001
- 2001-02-09 US US09/780,789 patent/US6522305B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-02-23 EP EP01103683A patent/EP1128468A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-02-24 CN CN01116515.4A patent/CN1322034A/zh active Pending
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101283477B (zh) * | 2005-10-14 | 2013-01-23 | Vega格里沙贝两合公司 | 用于填充水平雷达的具有圆锥形扩散盘的抛物面天线 |
| CN101488606B (zh) * | 2008-01-18 | 2012-07-18 | 阿尔卡特朗讯 | 双反射器天线的子反射器 |
| CN101924276A (zh) * | 2009-06-12 | 2010-12-22 | 安德鲁有限责任公司 | 用于反射器天线的天线罩和遮罩壳体 |
| CN101924276B (zh) * | 2009-06-12 | 2015-04-15 | 安德鲁有限责任公司 | 用于反射器天线的天线罩和遮罩壳体 |
| CN102782939A (zh) * | 2009-12-16 | 2012-11-14 | 安德鲁有限责任公司 | 反射天线的顶区域散射补偿方法和设备 |
| WO2011085650A1 (zh) * | 2010-01-18 | 2011-07-21 | 华为技术有限公司 | 一种抛物面天线 |
| CN103548204A (zh) * | 2011-09-01 | 2014-01-29 | 安德鲁有限责任公司 | 低旁瓣反射器天线 |
| CN103548204B (zh) * | 2011-09-01 | 2016-04-27 | 康普技术有限责任公司 | 低旁瓣反射器天线 |
| CN113496130A (zh) * | 2020-03-18 | 2021-10-12 | 东芝泰格有限公司 | 无线标签读取装置 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20020008670A1 (en) | 2002-01-24 |
| EP1128468A3 (en) | 2004-01-07 |
| US6522305B2 (en) | 2003-02-18 |
| EP1128468A2 (en) | 2001-08-29 |
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