CN1320346C - Measuring method in normal stress and shear stress test of compression spring - Google Patents
Measuring method in normal stress and shear stress test of compression spring Download PDFInfo
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- CN1320346C CN1320346C CNB2005100115453A CN200510011545A CN1320346C CN 1320346 C CN1320346 C CN 1320346C CN B2005100115453 A CNB2005100115453 A CN B2005100115453A CN 200510011545 A CN200510011545 A CN 200510011545A CN 1320346 C CN1320346 C CN 1320346C
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Abstract
The present invention provides an experimental measuring method for the normal stress and the shearing stress of a compression spring, which relates to a measuring method for the stress of a compression spring, particularly to a single stress measuring method of combined deformation. In the method, a loaded test piece is a cylindrical helical spring; two electric resistance strain gauges are pasted on the upper side and the lower side of the intermediate section of the cylindrical helical spring in the directions that the electric resistance strain gauges form (+/-) 45 DEG with the axial lines of a spring wire. Experiment comprises two steps; in a first step, a bridge arm of a Wheatstone bridge is orderly switched in according to the sequence from a first electric resistance strain gauge to a fourth electric resistance strain gauge; in a second step, the sequences of a second bridge arm and a third bridge arm are exchanged. A compression experiment is carried out by an electronic universal testing machine to record the load at different time; the strain values at different time are recorded by a strain meter; the load and the strain values are input into a computer; unloading is carried out until maximum load is reached. The experimental measuring method is simple and is easy to operate; the present invention has the background of engineering application and has certain enlightenment significance when the present invention is used for measuring a single stress value at the time of different combined deformation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of compression spring method for measuring stress, particularly relate to a kind of experimental technique of measuring compression spring normal stress and shear stress.
Background technology
Spring is a kind of mechanical component of being used widely, and it is of a great variety, except that common common cylinder volute spring, also comprises leaf spring, sheet spring, disk spring or the like.It is to utilize the elasticity of material and the characteristics of structure, produces distortion when work, and mechanical energy is changed into deformation energy, otherwise, deformation energy is changed into mechanical energy or kinetic energy.Spring in use mainly plays the pressure-bearing damping effect, for common cylindrically coiled spring, owing to have helical structure, under the effect of axial load, produce normal stress and tangential stress simultaneously.
At present in spring use and design process, mainly be the maximum machine load that to bear according to spring, and the tensile and compressive strength and the shear resistance of spring wire material itself, carry out correlation theory according to mechanics of materials knowledge and calculate, make geometric parameters such as spring diameter then.But because its computing formula is based upon fully on the theory of mechanics of materials basis and obtains, do not consider the increase of compression process medi-spring external diameter, the change of helix angle that pitch reduces to cause in the computation process, and the issuable influence that distributes of some other factor counter stress.Therefore, this result of calculation is to have certain error.For this reason, generally take on the result of calculation basis, to multiply by one during at present engineering is used greater than 1 safety coefficient.This is little for some common application occasion problems, but for the bearing spring that uses in some accurate devices, from not only guaranteeing safety but also consider that structure miniaturization angle considers, still tackle its normal stress, shearing stress is carried out actual measurement, provides the error that exists between actual value and the calculated value.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention:
The measuring system of normal stress and shear stress during design one cover compression spring load.
Select for use the cylindrically coiled spring of being used widely in the engineering reality as object, adopt different brachium pontis connections by the design patch location with resistance bridge, utilize electronic universal tester to carry out compression experiment, obtain the normal stress and the shearing stress value of cylindrically coiled spring under the different compressive load effects respectively.
Technical scheme of the present invention:
A kind of compression spring combined deformation simple stress measuring method, it is characterized in that: being loaded test specimen is cylindrically coiled spring, top and bottom at the cylindrically coiled spring interlude become with spring silk axis ± and 45 ° of directions respectively paste two resistance strain gages, wherein first resistance strain gage and second resistance strain gage stick on described upper surface, the 3rd resistance strain gage and the 4th resistance strain gage stick on described lower surface, carry out at twice during experiment, insert the resistance bridge brachium pontis successively by first resistance strain gage to the, four resistance strain gages order for the first time, for the second time second resistance strain gage and the 3rd resistance strain gage brachium pontis are exchanged in proper order, above-mentioned twice experiment all utilizes electronic universal tester to carry out compression experiment, note different load constantly, note different strain values constantly with strainmeter, the two imports computing machine, unloads after reaching maximum load.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
Compression spring is a large amount of vibration damping bearing parts that use in the mechanical engineering, and bending and twisting combined action takes place for it under the compressive load effect, has normal stress and shearing stress in the structure simultaneously.Its normal stress, shearing stress value provide a cover convenient and simple measuring system under the different loads effect in order accurately to demarcate in the present invention, and this uses significant to engineering.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 experiment test device synoptic diagram.
Fig. 2 cylindrically coiled spring structural representation.
Embodiment
With the accompanying drawing is that the invention will be further described for embodiment:
As shown in Figure 2, volute spring under axle pressure P effect, the moment of torsion M on the spring wire xsect
Turn roundAnd moment M
CurvedBe respectively:
Wherein D and α are respectively spring diameter and helix angle.The shear stress τ that its moment of torsion and moment of flexure cause
ReasonWith normal stress σ
ReasonBe respectively:
W wherein
t, W and d be respectively the spring filament diameter of Torsion Section coefficient, bending resistant section coefficient and spring.Therefore, the volute spring for dimensional structure is determined under different compressive load P effects, utilizes formula (1) can calculate the theoretical value of shear stress and normal stress.
For shear stress and the normal stress that cylindrically coiled spring moment of torsion and moment of flexure under the compressive load effect are caused carries out actual measurement, as shown in Figure 1, designed following experimental program: the top and bottom at the cylindrically coiled spring interlude become with spring silk axis ± and 45 ° of directions respectively paste two resistance strain gages, resistance strain gage 1,2 sticks on upper surface, and resistance strain gage 3,4 sticks on lower surface.Load by the standard material testing machine, load value passes to computing machine after converting stress to, and strain value passes to computing machine by the strainmeter record.According to the characteristics of cylindrically coiled spring bending and twisting combined action, the output valve of four foil gauges is:
ε
1=ε
Curved+ ε
Turn roundε
2=ε
Curved-ε
Turn roundε
3=-ε
Curved+ ε
Turn roundε
4=-ε
Curved-ε
Turn round(5)
Earlier 4 foil gauges are inserted 4 brachium pontis of resistance bridge successively by 1,2,3,4 orders during experiment, again 2,3 foil gauges are exchanged.According to electrical bridge principle, the twice reading ε of experiment on the strainmeter
ReadBe followed successively by:
ε
1 reads=ε
1-ε
2+ ε
3-ε
4(6)
ε
2 read=ε
1+ ε
2-ε
3-ε
4(7)
The substitution (6) respectively of (5) formula, (7) formula are got:
ε
1 reads=4 ε
Turn round(8)
ε
2 read=4 ε
Curved(9)
Then:
Wherein G and E are respectively the modulus of shearing and the Young moduluss of material.
Utilize above-mentioned experimental program, can obtain the shear stress and the normal stress experiment value of cylindrically coiled spring its side under the compressive load effect, compare with the calculated value of formula (3), (4) again, provide experimental error.
The basic step of this experimental implementation comprises:
1. choose cylindrically coiled spring as object;
2. measure its geometric parameter, comprise parameters such as spring diameter, spring filament diameter and helix angle, calculate it and turn round section factor and bending resistant section coefficient;
3. become with spring silk axis in the top and bottom of cylindrically coiled spring interlude ± 45 ° of directions respectively paste two resistance strain gages, wherein resistance strain gage 1,2 sticks on upper surface, resistance strain gage 3,4 sticks on lower surface, and bonding wire inserts four brachium pontis of resistance bridge successively;
4. utilize the standard electronic universal testing machine to carry out compression experiment, note different load constantly, note different strain values constantly with strainmeter, the two imports computing machine, reaches 20KN until maximum load, unloading;
5. utilize formula (1), (3) to calculate the pairing theoretical value of shearing of different loads, utilize formula (5), (6), (8), (10) to calculate the pairing actual value of shearing of different loads again, the two relatively provides experimental error.
6. resistance strain gage 2,3 is exchanged, repeated above-mentioned experimental procedure 4.;
7. utilize formula (2), (4) to calculate the pairing theoretical normal stress value of different loads, utilize formula (5), (7), (9), (11) to calculate the pairing actual normal stress value of different loads again, the two relatively provides experimental error.
With the material for test is spring steel, D=145.5mm, and d=26.6mm, α=6 °, E=200GPa, the test specimen of G=77GPa are example compression shear stress experimental result such as following table:
When pitch angle alpha will＜10 °, because sin α ≈ 0, the bending normal stresses value that the compressive load effect produces down is very little, and engineering is generally ignored its influence in using.Pitch angle alpha will=6 ° in this experiment are so go up the experimental result that has only provided torsional shear stress in showing.As can be seen from the table, maximum relative error is 12.2%, and most relative errors are in 10%, and illustrative experiment result is true and reliable.
Claims (1)
1. compression spring combined deformation simple stress measuring method, it is characterized in that: being loaded test specimen is cylindrically coiled spring, top and bottom at the cylindrically coiled spring interlude become with spring silk axis ± and 45 ° of directions respectively paste two resistance strain gages, wherein first resistance strain gage and second resistance strain gage stick on described upper surface, the 3rd resistance strain gage and the 4th resistance strain gage stick on described lower surface, carry out at twice during experiment, insert the resistance bridge brachium pontis successively by first resistance strain gage to the, four resistance strain gages order for the first time, for the second time second resistance strain gage and the 3rd resistance strain gage brachium pontis are exchanged in proper order, above-mentioned twice experiment all utilizes electronic universal tester to carry out compression experiment, note different load constantly, note different strain values constantly with strainmeter, the two imports computing machine, unloads after reaching maximum load.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2005100115453A CN1320346C (en) | 2005-04-08 | 2005-04-08 | Measuring method in normal stress and shear stress test of compression spring |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2005100115453A CN1320346C (en) | 2005-04-08 | 2005-04-08 | Measuring method in normal stress and shear stress test of compression spring |
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| CN1320346C true CN1320346C (en) | 2007-06-06 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3792520A4 (en) * | 2018-05-09 | 2022-02-09 | Mitsubishi Steel Mfg. Co., Ltd. | Spring manufacturing method and spring |
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| CN102128584A (en) * | 2010-12-26 | 2011-07-20 | 中国第一汽车集团公司 | Method for testing work displacement of helical spring of automobile suspension |
| CN102519648B (en) * | 2011-12-22 | 2013-11-20 | 北京航空航天大学 | Simple shear connection structure pin load vector measuring method and measuring instrument thereof |
| CN103076122A (en) * | 2013-01-14 | 2013-05-01 | 温州大学 | Method and device for measuring primary stress on surface of spiral spring |
| CN103364182B (en) * | 2013-06-26 | 2016-06-08 | 浙江理工大学 | The device of flat spring rigidity is tested under a kind of hot environment |
| CN104457541A (en) * | 2014-11-13 | 2015-03-25 | 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 | Automobile spiral spring displacement measurement method |
| CN105180796A (en) * | 2015-10-19 | 2015-12-23 | 安徽江淮汽车股份有限公司 | Method and device for measuring deformation quantity of automobile spiral spring |
| CN106920436B (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2019-02-15 | 衢州学院 | A kind of mechanics of materials distortional stress demonstration teaching aid |
| CN112129444B (en) * | 2020-09-24 | 2022-07-19 | 上海中国弹簧制造有限公司 | Method and system for detecting stress of spiral spring structure |
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| JPH09292203A (en) * | 1996-04-25 | 1997-11-11 | Seiko Epson Corp | Nail-to-nail distance measuring device for pinball game machine |
| JPH10260122A (en) * | 1997-03-17 | 1998-09-29 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Fatigue testing apparatus for spring |
| JP2002048662A (en) * | 2000-08-07 | 2002-02-15 | Sugisaki Keiki Kk | Socket of torque-measuring device |
| US6622571B2 (en) * | 2000-10-09 | 2003-09-23 | Asustek Computer Inc. | Apparatus for measuring tension and stress capable of adjusting an angle of measurement |
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2005
- 2005-04-08 CN CNB2005100115453A patent/CN1320346C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH09292203A (en) * | 1996-04-25 | 1997-11-11 | Seiko Epson Corp | Nail-to-nail distance measuring device for pinball game machine |
| JPH10260122A (en) * | 1997-03-17 | 1998-09-29 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Fatigue testing apparatus for spring |
| JP2002048662A (en) * | 2000-08-07 | 2002-02-15 | Sugisaki Keiki Kk | Socket of torque-measuring device |
| US6622571B2 (en) * | 2000-10-09 | 2003-09-23 | Asustek Computer Inc. | Apparatus for measuring tension and stress capable of adjusting an angle of measurement |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 气门外弹簧动态应力与振动频率的测量与分析 石聿俊，《内燃机工程》，第10卷第4期 1989 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3792520A4 (en) * | 2018-05-09 | 2022-02-09 | Mitsubishi Steel Mfg. Co., Ltd. | Spring manufacturing method and spring |
| US11965571B2 (en) | 2018-05-09 | 2024-04-23 | Mitsubishi Steel Mfg. Co., Ltd. | Method for manufacturing spring and spring |
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| CN1667387A (en) | 2005-09-14 |
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