CN1317554C - Photoelectric recording test apparatus for protective gas superplastic bulge controlled temperature and pressure - Google Patents
Photoelectric recording test apparatus for protective gas superplastic bulge controlled temperature and pressure Download PDFInfo
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- CN1317554C CN1317554C CNB2004100109392A CN200410010939A CN1317554C CN 1317554 C CN1317554 C CN 1317554C CN B2004100109392 A CNB2004100109392 A CN B2004100109392A CN 200410010939 A CN200410010939 A CN 200410010939A CN 1317554 C CN1317554 C CN 1317554C
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Abstract
The present invention provides a photoelectric recording test device for superplastic bulging controllable temperature and pressure of protective gas, which belongs to the instrument field of modern and advanced manufacture. The present invention is composed of an upper air intake system, a lower air intake system, a pressure former, a photoelectric recording system and a single-chip computer control system, wherein an argon purifying device is communicated with a temperature and pressure regulating system, and an electromagnetic valve and a pressure sensor are both arranged in a cooling chamber. The present invention has the advantages that the present invention purifies pressurizing argon and solves the difficult problem that the electromagnetic valve and the pressure sensor can not work at high temperature; in addition, the present invention increases the heat insulating capability, reduces the loss of heat energy and improves the working environment for experimenters; the present invention not only can precisely control time-varying pressure and temperature according to a preset deformation path, but also can record the time-varying image of a test piece in the bulging process.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to the modern advanced Instrument technology field of making, specifically relate to a kind of test unit that is specially adapted to the superplastic bulging Study on laws of deformation.
Background technology:
The sheet material superplastic bulging occupies an important position in modern space flight and aviation manufacturing field, the quantitative relationship of experimental study expansive forming deformation process and temperature, pressure, to the formulation of the research of superplastic bulging rule and the forming technology means that are absolutely necessary, especially to hard fragility high-temperature material (as pottery, intermetallic compound etc.), owing to be at high temperature to experimentize, the image recording of heating, heat insulation, oxidation, pressure control, deformation process and data processing etc., so far also there are many difficult problems, need to be resolved hurrily.
Summary of the invention:
The present invention will provide a kind of pressure and temperature that can at high temperature control bulging, can write down the image that bulging spare changes again, and can also prevent the superplastic bulging test unit of high-temperature oxydation.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved in that accompanying drawings is as follows:
Device of the present invention is by last gas handling system, following gas handling system, pressure former, photoelectric measurement pen recorder and single-chip computer control system are formed, on, in the following gas handling system temperature, pressure regulating system is housed respectively, last gas handling system and following gas handling system are communicated with pressure former, the source of parallel light of photoelectric measurement pen recorder places the place ahead of pressure parallel device, Digital Video places the rear of pressure former, the input end of single-chip microcomputer respectively with the temperature, pressure regulating system in thermocouple be connected with pressure transducer, the output terminal of single-chip microcomputer is communicated with flow valve in the temperature, pressure regulating system respectively.
Last gas handling system is made up of argon bottle 1, main valve 2, reduction valve 3, electromagnetic voltage adjusting valve 4, purifying argon device 5, temperature, pressure regulating system 6 and draft tube 8, and is communicated with last atmospheric pressure cavity 9.
Following gas handling system is made up of argon bottle 46, main valve 45, reduction valve 44, electromagnetic voltage adjusting valve 43, purifying argon device 41, temperature, pressure regulating system 42 and draft tube 40, and is communicated with following atmospheric pressure cavity 37.
Pressure former is made up of upper mould fixed plate 19, following flanging mould back-up block 25, following flanging tube back-up block 26, glass 12, first quartz glass 13 and second quartz glass 14, have the pipeline of vacuum-pumping tube 10 and draft tube 8 on the upper mould fixed plate 19, second quartz glass 14 is affixed with upper mould fixed plate 19 and following flanging mould back-up block 25, first quartz glass 13 and glass 12 are affixed with upper mould fixed plate 19 and following flanging tube back-up block 26, and are vacuum-sealed cavity between first quartz glass 13 and the glass 12.
Purifying argon device is made up of resistance furnace 50, spiral cold-finger 52, clarifier 53, condensate water water receiver 54 and draining valve 55, resistance furnace 50 1 ends and electromagnetic voltage adjusting valve 4,43 connect, the other end is communicated with spiral cold-finger 52, resistance furnace 50 is furnished with thermocouple 49 and temperature controller 47 places three mouths of pipe of the spiral cold-finger 52 of condenser chamber 51 to be communicated with the upper end of resistance furnace 50, clarifier 53 and condensate water water receiver 54 respectively, the lower end of condensate water water receiver 54 is communicated with draining valve 55, the other end of clarifier 53 and temperature, pressure regulating system 6,42 are communicated with.
The printing opacity building mortion of flanging and mould installing is made up of upper mould fixed plate 19, following flanging mould back-up block 25, following flanging tube back-up block 26, glass 12, first quartz glass 13 and second quartz glass 14, have vacuum lead 10 on the upper mould fixed plate 19, admission line 8, second quartz glass 14 is affixed with upper mould fixed plate 19 and following flanging mould back-up block 25, first quartz glass 13 and glass 12 are affixed with upper mould fixed plate 19 and following flanging tube back-up block 26, and are vacuum-sealed cavity between first quartz glass 13 and the glass 12.
Temperature, pressure regulating system 6,42 by Medium Frequency Induction Heating Furnace 56, temperature, pressure pick-up unit 61, vacuum pump 64, chilled water water receiver 70, solenoid directional control valve 63, first flow valve 60, second flow valve 67, third flow valve 68 and cooling chamber are formed, Medium Frequency Induction Heating Furnace 56 is communicated with temperature, pressure pick-up unit 61 by first flow valve 60, temperature, pressure pick-up unit 61 is divided into three the tunnel: the one tunnel again and is communicated with third flow valve 68, third flow valve 68 is communicated with gas outlet 69, one the tunnel is communicated with pressure chamber 66, pressure chamber 66 is communicated with second flow valve 67 again, second flow valve 67 and purifying argon device 5,41 are communicated with, one the tunnel is communicated with draft tube 8,40; The recycling outlet 71 of Medium Frequency Induction Heating Furnace 56 is communicated with chilled water water receiver 70, and chilled water is communicated with Medium Frequency Induction Heating Furnace 56 through circulating water inlet 74 by water circulating pump 73; Medium Frequency Induction Heating Furnace 56 is communicated with clarifier 53; Vacuum pump 64 is communicated with solenoid directional control valve 63, and solenoid directional control valve 63 is communicated with vacuum- pumping tube 10,39; Thermocouple 57 places Medium Frequency Induction Heating Furnace 56; Thermocouple 62 places temperature, pressure pick-up unit 61; Pressure transducer 65 places pressure chamber 66; Solenoid directional control valve 63, pressure chamber 66, first flow valve 60, second flow valve 67, third flow valve 68, chilled water water receiver 70 all place cooling chamber 72.
PERD is made up of source of parallel light 7, last atmospheric pressure cavity 9 and Digital Video 24, and source of parallel light places right-hand or the place ahead of atmospheric pressure cavity 9, and Digital Video 24 places the left or the rear of atmospheric pressure cavity 9.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1. utilize the just available test unit of the present invention of common hydropress to carry out superplastic bulging.
2. in the protection of the argon gas that has purified with exert pressure down, high-temperature oxydation can be prevented, bulging can be carried out again.
3. solved the difficult problem that solenoid valve and pressure transducer can not be worked under high-temperature condition, and can press predefined deformation path, accurately controlled pressure and temperature are over time.
4. can write down in the bulging process specimen shape with the variation of pressure, temperature and time.
5. because upper and lower atmospheric pressure cavity has been implemented vacuum heat-insulation,, changed the working environment of testing crew so reduced heat energy loss.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 always schemes for the photoelectric recording experimental provision of blanket gas expansive forming controllable temperature pressure
Fig. 2 is purifying argon device figure
Fig. 3 is temperature, pressure regulating system figure
Fig. 4 is a flanging building mortion structural front view
Fig. 5 is that the A-A of Fig. 4 is to view
Fig. 6 is that the B-B of Fig. 4 is to view
：1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18.19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38.PC 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46.47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63.64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74.
Embodiment
Further specify the structure and the embodiment thereof of patent of the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
A kind of opto-electrical recording test fixture of blanket gas superplastic bulging controllable temperature pressure, argon gas in the argon bottle 1 is by main valve 2, reduction valve 3, electromagnetic voltage adjusting valve 4 enters purifying argon device 5, the argon gas that is come out by purifying argon device 5 enters temperature, pressure regulating system 6 again, and the argon gas that is come out by temperature, pressure regulating system 6 enters atmospheric pressure cavity 9 by draft tube 8; Argon gas in the argon bottle 46 is by main valve 45, reduction valve 44, electromagnetic voltage adjusting valve 43 enters purifying argon device 41, and the argon gas that is come out by purifying argon device 41 enters temperature, pressure regulating system 42 again, and the argon gas that is come out by temperature, pressure regulating system 42 enters down atmospheric pressure cavity 37.
Purifying argon device 5,41st, by resistance furnace 50, spiral cold-finger 52, clarifier 53, condense water receiver 54 and draining valve 55 are formed; Resistance furnace 50 is by resistance wire 48 heating, the power lead of resistance wire 48 is to link to each other with temperature controller 47, the temperature of resistance furnace 50 is to measure with thermocouple 49, and by temperature controller 47 controls, spiral cold-finger 52 places cooling chamber 51, spiral cold-finger 52 is communicated with condensate water water receiver 54 again, and the lower end of condensate water water receiver 54 links to each other with draining valve 55; By electromagnetic voltage adjusting valve 4, after heating, 43 argon gas that enter resistance furnace are divided into two-way through spiral cold-finger 52 again, one the tunnel is to become the steam coagulation in the argon gas water to flow in the condensate water water receiver 54, and another road is to enter temperature, pressure regulating system 6,42 behind the impurity that clarifier 53 filters in the argon gas.
Temperature, pressure regulating system 6,42 is by Medium Frequency Induction Heating Furnace 56, temperature, pressure pick-up unit 61, and cooling chamber 72 and vacuum pump 64 are formed, and the temperature of Medium Frequency Induction Heating Furnace 56 is to be measured by thermocouple 57; The circulating water outlet pipe 71 of Medium Frequency Induction Heating Furnace 56 is communicated with chilled water water receiver 70, and water circulating pump 73 pumps into the water of chilled water water receiver 70 water-cooling system of Medium Frequency Induction Heating Furnace 56 by circulating water inlet 74; The temperature of temperature, pressure pick-up unit 61 is detected by the thermocouple 62 that is placed in one; Temperature, pressure pick-up unit 61 is communicated with pressure chamber 66, and pressure chamber 66 is communicated with second flow valve 67, and the pressure of temperature, pressure pick-up unit 61 is to detect by the pressure transducer 65 that places pressure chamber 66; Temperature, pressure pick-up unit 61 is communicated with third flow valve 68, and third flow valve 68 is communicated with drainpipe 69; Vacuum pump 64 is communicated with solenoid directional control valve 63, and solenoid directional control valve 63 is communicated with vacuum-pumping tube 39,10; Solenoid directional control valve 63, pressure chamber 66, first flow valve 60, second flow valve 67, third flow valve 68, chilled water water receiver 70 all place cooling chamber 72, and the structure of cooling chamber 72 is similar to the refrigerating chamber of refrigerator.
Flanging tube and flanging mode configuration are made up of upper mould fixed plate 19, following flanging mould back-up block 25, following flanging tube back-up block 26, glass 12, first quartz glass 13 and second quartz glass 14, have the pipeline of vacuum-pumping tube 10 and draft tube 8 on upper mould fixed plate 19, second quartz glass 14 is to be bonded in upper mould fixed plate 19 and following flanging mould back-up block 25 groove all around with high-temp glue; First quartz glass 13 is to be bonded in upper mould fixed plate 19 and following flanging tube back-up block 26 groove all around with high-temp glue, glass 12 is to be bonded in upper mould fixed plate 19 and following flanging tube back-up block 26 groove all around with high-temp glue, and forming sealed cavity between first quartz glass 13 and the glass 12, sealed cavity is pumped into vacuum again.
Last cooled plate 15 is that inside is provided with the grid chamber, and the chilled water loop structure that is welded into by steel plate; Last vacuum heat-insulation backing plate 16 and following vacuum heat-insulation backing plate 33 are that the grid chamber is established in inside, and the hermetically-sealed construction that is welded into by steel plate, and the gas in the structure is pumped into vacuum.
Last cooled plate 15, last vacuum heat-insulation backing plate 16, last heating plate 18 and upper mould fixed plate 19 are to use gib screw 22 to be fastened on the pressing machine top shoe 11; Following heating plate 32 and following vacuum heat-insulation backing plate 33 are to be fastened on the pressing machine lower table 34 with following gib screw 27; Silicon carbon rod 17 is to be contained in the circular hole of heating plate 18, and silicon carbon rod 31 is to be contained in down in the circular hole of heating plate 32.
Single-chip computer control system is by single-chip microcomputer 35, thermocouple 23,36 and pressure transducer 65 are formed, the information of the temperature information of thermocouple 62 and pressure transducer 65 is imported single-chip microcomputer 35 into, single-chip microcomputer 35 imports control signal into first flow valve 60, second flow valve 67, third flow valve 68, realizes control function.
PERD is made up of source of parallel light 7 and Digital Video 24, the directional light that source of parallel light 7 is sent, see through glass 12, first quartz glass 13 and second quartz glass 14 and inject Digital Video 24, Digital Video 24 has just write down bulging spare in bulging process shape information over time, and it is reached the PC computing machine carries out data processing.
Before the experiment, open the switch and the solenoid directional control valve 63 of vacuum pump 64, successively the air of last atmospheric pressure cavity 9 and following atmospheric pressure cavity 37 is pumped, just can carry out the adjustment process of gas pressure compacting and temperature, pressure: when the temperature of thermocouple 62 detected temperatures pressure adjustment assemblys 61 is higher than design temperature, transfer the big second flow valve 67 and third flow valve 68, make the pressure of the pressure transducer 65 of pressure chamber 66 keep setting value; When the temperature of thermocouple 62 detected temperatures pressure adjustment assemblys 61 is lower than design temperature, then transfer big first flow valve 60, turn second flow valve 67 down, regulate third flow valve 68 simultaneously, make the pressure of pressure chamber keep setting value; When the pressure of pressure transducer detected pressures chambers 66 65 is higher than setup pressure value, transfer big third flow valve 68, regulate first flow valve 60 and second flow valve 67 simultaneously, make the temperature of thermocouple 62 keep setting value; When the pressure of pressure transducer 65 detection forming cavity is lower than setup pressure value, transfer big second flow valve 67 and first flow valve 60, regulate the first flow valve 60 and third flow valve 68 simultaneously, make the temperature of thermocouple 62 keep setting value.
Claims (6)
1. the opto-electrical recording test fixture of a blanket gas superplastic bulging controllable temperature pressure; it is characterized in that it is by last gas handling system; following gas handling system; pressure former; photoelectric measurement pen recorder and single-chip computer control system are formed; the temperature, pressure regulating system is housed respectively in the gas handling system up and down; last gas handling system and following gas handling system are communicated with pressure former; the source of parallel light of photoelectric measurement pen recorder places the place ahead of pressure parallel device; Digital Video places the rear of pressure former; the input end of single-chip microcomputer respectively with the temperature, pressure regulating system in thermocouple be connected with pressure transducer, the output terminal of single-chip microcomputer is communicated with flow valve in the temperature, pressure regulating system respectively.
2. press the opto-electrical recording test fixture of the described blanket gas superplastic bulging of claim 1 controllable temperature pressure; it is characterized in that described upper and lower gas handling system is respectively by argon bottle (1; 46) with its main valve that is connected according to this (2; 45), reduction valve (3; 44), the electromagnetic voltage adjusting valve (4; 43), purifying argon device (5; 41), the temperature, pressure regulating system (6; 42) and draft tube (8; 40) form, and be communicated with last atmospheric pressure cavity (9) and following atmospheric pressure cavity (37) in the pressure former respectively.
3. press the opto-electrical recording test fixture of the described blanket gas superplastic bulging of claim 2 controllable temperature pressure; it is characterized in that described purifying argon device is by resistance furnace (50); spiral cold-finger (52); clarifier (53); condensate water water receiver (54) and draining valve (55) are formed; resistance furnace (50) one ends and electromagnetic voltage adjusting valve (4; 43) connect; the other end is communicated with spiral cold-finger (52); resistance furnace (50) is furnished with thermocouple (49) and temperature controller (47); place condenser chamber (51) spiral cold-finger (52) three mouths of pipe respectively with resistance furnace (50); the upper end of clarifier (53) and condensate water water receiver (54) is communicated with; the lower end of condensate water water receiver (54) is communicated with draining valve (55); clarifier (53) other end and temperature, pressure regulating system (6,42) are communicated with.
4. press the opto-electrical recording test fixture of the described blanket gas superplastic bulging of claim 1 controllable temperature pressure; it is characterized in that described pressure former is by upper mould fixed plate (19); following flanging mould back-up block (25); following flanging tube back-up block (26); glass (12); first quartz glass (13) and second quartz glass (14) are formed; have the pipeline of vacuum-pumping tube (10) and draft tube (8) on the upper mould fixed plate (19); second quartz glass (14) is affixed with upper mould fixed plate (19) and following flanging mould back-up block (25); first quartz glass (13) and glass (12) are affixed with upper mould fixed plate (19) and following flanging tube back-up block (26), and are vacuum-sealed cavity between first quartz glass (13) and the glass (12).
5. press the opto-electrical recording test fixture of the described blanket gas superplastic bulging of claim 2 controllable temperature pressure, it is characterized in that described temperature, pressure regulating system (6,42) by Medium Frequency Induction Heating Furnace (56), temperature, pressure pick-up unit (61), vacuum pump (64), chilled water water receiver (70), first flow valve (60), second flow valve (67), third flow valve (68), solenoid directional control valve (63) and cooling chamber (72) are formed, Medium Frequency Induction Heating Furnace (56) is communicated with temperature, pressure pick-up unit (61) by first flow valve (60), temperature, pressure pick-up unit (61) is divided into three the tunnel: the one tunnel again and is communicated with third flow valve (68), third flow valve (68) is communicated with gas outlet (69), one the tunnel is communicated with pressure chamber (66), pressure chamber (66) is communicated with second flow valve (67), second flow valve (67) and purifying argon device (5,41) be communicated with, one the tunnel is communicated with draft tube (8,40); The recycling outlet (71) of Medium Frequency Induction Heating Furnace (56) is communicated with chilled water water receiver (70), and chilled water is communicated with Medium Frequency Induction Heating Furnace (56) through circulating water inlet (74) by water circulating pump (73); Medium Frequency Induction Heating Furnace (56) is communicated with clarifier (53); Vacuum pump (64) is communicated with solenoid directional control valve (63), and solenoid directional control valve (63) is communicated with vacuum-pumping tube (10,39); Thermocouple (57) places Medium Frequency Induction Heating Furnace (56); Thermocouple (62) places temperature, pressure pick-up unit (61), and pressure transducer (65) places pressure chamber (66); Solenoid directional control valve (63), pressure chamber (66), first flow valve (60), second flow valve (67), third flow valve (68) and chilled water water receiver (70) are to place cooling chamber (72).
6. press the opto-electrical recording test fixture of the described blanket gas superplastic bulging of claim 1 controllable temperature pressure; it is characterized in that described PERD by source of parallel light (7), go up atmospheric pressure cavity (9) and Digital Video (24) is formed; source of parallel light places right-hand or the place ahead of atmospheric pressure cavity (9), and Digital Video (24) places the left or the rear of atmospheric pressure cavity (9).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100109392A CN1317554C (en) | 2004-06-22 | 2004-06-22 | Photoelectric recording test apparatus for protective gas superplastic bulge controlled temperature and pressure |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100109392A CN1317554C (en) | 2004-06-22 | 2004-06-22 | Photoelectric recording test apparatus for protective gas superplastic bulge controlled temperature and pressure |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN1595128A CN1595128A (en) | 2005-03-16 |
| CN1317554C true CN1317554C (en) | 2007-05-23 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CNB2004100109392A Expired - Fee Related CN1317554C (en) | 2004-06-22 | 2004-06-22 | Photoelectric recording test apparatus for protective gas superplastic bulge controlled temperature and pressure |
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Families Citing this family (1)
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| CN101762682B (en) * | 2008-12-23 | 2013-04-10 | 北京化工大学 | Method and device for plastic tensile stress-strain testing |
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| JPS63237946A (en) * | 1987-03-26 | 1988-10-04 | 工業技術院長 | Superplastic composite material an molding method thereof |
| CN1030712A (en) * | 1987-07-18 | 1989-02-01 | 吉林工业大学 | Increase substantially the new method of speed of expansive forming |
| US4984348A (en) * | 1989-01-17 | 1991-01-15 | Rohr Industries, Inc. | Superplastic drape forming |
| CN1278597A (en) * | 1999-06-21 | 2001-01-03 | 吉林工业大学 | Controller for experiment of true constant-strain rate in superplastic stretch |
| US6182486B1 (en) * | 1997-12-30 | 2001-02-06 | National Science Council | Superplastic alloy-containing conductive plastic article for shielding electromagnetic interference and process for manufacturing the same |
| CN2478095Y (en) * | 1999-06-21 | 2002-02-20 | 吉林工业大学 | Super-plasticing stretching real constant strain rate experimental controller |
| CN2711730Y (en) * | 2004-06-22 | 2005-07-20 | 吉林大学 | Photoelectric recording test device for plasticity bulging controllable temperature and pressure |
-
2004
- 2004-06-22 CN CNB2004100109392A patent/CN1317554C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS63237946A (en) * | 1987-03-26 | 1988-10-04 | 工業技術院長 | Superplastic composite material an molding method thereof |
| CN1030712A (en) * | 1987-07-18 | 1989-02-01 | 吉林工业大学 | Increase substantially the new method of speed of expansive forming |
| US4984348A (en) * | 1989-01-17 | 1991-01-15 | Rohr Industries, Inc. | Superplastic drape forming |
| US6182486B1 (en) * | 1997-12-30 | 2001-02-06 | National Science Council | Superplastic alloy-containing conductive plastic article for shielding electromagnetic interference and process for manufacturing the same |
| CN1278597A (en) * | 1999-06-21 | 2001-01-03 | 吉林工业大学 | Controller for experiment of true constant-strain rate in superplastic stretch |
| CN2478095Y (en) * | 1999-06-21 | 2002-02-20 | 吉林工业大学 | Super-plasticing stretching real constant strain rate experimental controller |
| CN2711730Y (en) * | 2004-06-22 | 2005-07-20 | 吉林大学 | Photoelectric recording test device for plasticity bulging controllable temperature and pressure |
Non-Patent Citations (5)
| Title |
|---|
| One-dimensional tensile constitutive equation cannot bedirectly generalized to deal with two-dimensional bulgingmechanical problems SONG Yuquan,SCIENCE IN CHINA,Vol.45 No.6 2002 * |
| One-dimensional tensile constitutive equation cannot bedirectly generalized to deal with two-dimensional bulgingmechanical problems SONG Yuquan,SCIENCE IN CHINA,Vol.45 No.6 2002;超塑拉伸变形的力学解析 宋玉泉，机械工程学报，第39卷第10期 2003;超塑拉伸均匀应变值的定量判定 宋玉泉，科学通报，第47卷第5期 2002;超塑性拉伸变形应变速率敏感性指数的试验测量及精细分析 宋玉泉等人，机械工程学报，第37卷第4期 2001 * |
| 超塑性拉伸变形应变速率敏感性指数的试验测量及精细分析 宋玉泉等人，机械工程学报，第37卷第4期 2001 * |
| 超塑拉伸变形的力学解析 宋玉泉，机械工程学报，第39卷第10期 2003 * |
| 超塑拉伸均匀应变值的定量判定 宋玉泉，科学通报，第47卷第5期 2002 * |
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