CN1301639C - Loquat sprout cultivation method for landscape planting - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a cultivation method for a loquat landscape greening seedling, which comprises the steps of plantlet sowing and cultivation and medium seedling and large seedling cultivation. The operation of watering, disease prevention, pest control, weed removal and fertilizer application is carried out in the process of seedling cultivation, when large seedlings are cultivated, germinal laminiform whorl lateral buds or branches of the parts above 150cm of a main rod of a loquat seedling are remained with one layer via one to two layers, the rest are deleted in full layers, the branches of each layer are selected and remained with 3 to 5 the remaining branches are deleted, and the branches are pruned and cultivated into the large seedlings; when the seedlings are cultivated, the present invention at least comprises the bud picking operation, and germinal lateral buds of the loquat seedling from the ground of 0 to 150cm are totally erased. Thereby, the present invention has the characteristics of natural environment beautification, low production and transportation cost, better landscape greening effect and higher farmland seedling cultivating economic benefits; furthermore, the present invention not only can be used as medicine and foods but also can make green with plants and admire the view, the present invention is a good landscape greening tree specie and is suitable for planting regions of which the expansion and the extension are obvious, etc.

Description

The breeding method of loquat landscape planting seedling

Technical field

What the present invention relates to is the cultivation method of a kind of loquat sapling, particularly a kind of method of directive breeding loquat landscape planting seedling, platymiscium culture technique field.

Background technology

Loquat is the tradition name fruit of China, and cultivation history is long, and the Sui Dynasty just had the record of plantation loquat in the past, and the Tang Dynasty rises and is listed in tribute.Existing Zhejiang, the whole nation, Fujian, Anhui, Jiangsu, five big loquat main producing regions, Sichuan, the loquat that produces dwell to Zhe Jiangtang especially, really matter is superior, good in shape and colour, the soft succulence of meat, unique flavor.From ancient times to the present, China various places loquat is all as fruit growing, and 4 * 4 meters of planting densities are about every mu 42 strain, do not prune or prune routinely, tree performance is identical substantially, beheads and decides the bar branch for liftoff about 50 centimetres, the branch jag is very low, short and the crooked and thickness great disparity up and down of trunk, and crown diameter is greater than plant height.Simultaneously, existing loquat is still underused as viewing and admiring greening function, does not more have Development and Production loquat landscape planting nursery stock product in batches, the purposes and the benefit of having limited to loquat.

Summary of the invention:

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of not only have edible function and medicinal function, and has a breeding method of the very high loquat landscape planting seedling of viewing and admiring function and greening function, this method comprises sowing educates seedling, seedling and seedlings in the cultivation, in seedling raising process, water, diseases prevention, control worm, weeding, operations such as fertilising, when cultivating large seedling, the layer verticillate lateral bud of shape or branch that loquat seedling mobile jib 150cm is sprouted with top, stay one deck every one to two layer, all the other whole layer deletions, every layer of branch selected and remain 3--5, and all the other branches remove, and cultivate into seedlings through pruning.

When the present invention cultivated at middle seedling, elder generation divided the loquat seedling thin with staying or is transplanted to nursery lot, and density is at 15-25cm * 15--25cm.

When middle seedling is cultivated, at least also include the bud picking operation, soon the lateral bud erase all of being sprouted between the liftoff 0--150cm of loquat seedling makes its high-order jag, cultivates into the thick 0.8--2cm of leading thread, and plant height is at the middle seedling of 80--150cm.

The present invention divides seedling in the loquat with staying dredges or be transplanted to nursery lot or transplant in container after middle seedling is cultivated, and carries out the cultivation of seedlings, and its density is: 60-100cm * 60-100cm then, erect year 2-3 rice * 2-3 rice.

The present invention at least also comprises the bud picking operation when cultivating large seedling, be about to the lateral bud erase all sprouted between the liftoff 0--150cm of loquat seedling, and cultivate into the thick 2.5--15cm of leading thread, and mobile jib is high more than 2.5 meters, plant height 2.5--5 rice, the seedlings of crown diameter 1--5 rice.

The present invention compared with prior art, the one, the ornamental value height, purifies, beautifies human habitat effect uniqueness at greening, sweetening treatment.Loquat greening seedling trunk is perfectly straight, strain shape is tall and straight, tree crown is plentiful, the four seasons are evergreen, 4 o'clock differences, fragrance of a flower fruit are beautiful, integrate greenery, fragrant flower, gold fruit, can extensively plant in the trade, place such as highway, railway, villa, gardens, garden, school, purify air, afforest sweetening treatment and beautify natural environment, allow domestic and foreign tourists and urban and rural residents enjoy the graceful artistic conception on the south of the River beauty ground of " four seasons shade layer is stacked; May, gold fruit was to perfume (or spice) ", bolster the development of the tourism sector and the raising of living environment quality.The 2nd, cultivating large seedling yield per unit area height, the few and native ball of the little branches and leaves of crown diameter is little, and production and cost of transportation are low.Seedlings density 2-3 rice * 2-3 rice is educated in the farmland, and per mu yield 74-166 strain is produced the seedling rate and can be improved 80-300%, and production cost can reduce 50-200%, and crown diameter is little, the branches and leaves load is little, is with native ball to reduce, lifting, easy to loading and unloading, and the shipment cost reduces more than 50%.The 3rd, seedlings are produced in directive breeding in batches, complete in specifications and neat and consistent, and the landscape planting effect is fine.According to the directive breeding target, commercialization production is in batches carried out in the execution standardization management, and the large, medium and small step of loquat seedling distributes, and is complete in specifications, the regularity height.The 4th, the farmland economic benefit of growing seedlings is higher, and " company+peasant household " form of employing is grown seedlings and can be driven increasing peasant income.Peasant household cultivates seedling in the loquat, density 30 * 30cm, and 7400 strains of per mu yield seedling, 11100 yuan of per mu yield values, the mu income is more than 8000 yuan.The 5th, development and use loquat seeds resource makes green belt, piece, band, point become economic forest belt as green tree species of one's native land.Loquat is a subtropical evergreen fruit trees, belongs to dungarunga, is China's indigenous tree species, and is in all parts of the country widely distributed, leaf is green, the fragrance of a flower, really beautiful, and tree performance is tall and straight, and is well arranged, the form grace, the four seasons are evergreen, and the fragrance of a flower overflows, and the gold fruit is innumerable, adaptability is strong, and good stress resistance requires not tight to soil, both edible, medicinal can afforest again, view and admire, and was good landscape planting seeds, can make after the development and use greening block become economic forest belt and produce the fruit increase income, with Lin Yanglin, the view uniqueness.The 6th, it is less demanding to the result that loquat is used as the greening tree, and the suitable planting zone significantly enlarges and extends.The 7th, utilize container to cultivate loquat greening seedlings, seedling quality is good, all can transplant throughout the year, and survival rate is up to 99%.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is loquat landscape planting seedling trunk of the present invention and crown schematic diagram.

Embodiment:

The present invention utilizes China's loquat germ plasm resource, by Thinking Innovation and technological innovation, adopt high-order jag to delete layer and dredge the branch new technology, train into loquat for a certain area trunk is perfectly straight, strain shape is tall and straight landscape planting tree, it can higher density be grown seedlings and dwindles crown diameter and the native ball of being with when transplanting, thereby low-cost more convenient ground transportation and sales are used for the landscape planting of various places on the south China the Yellow River various places, produce well ecological, economic and social benefit.

The characteristic of growing according to local (Zhe Jiangtang is dwelt) loquat, through in recent years to loquat breed with planting link in the repetition test comparative study of soil, moisture, temperature, seedling, middle seedling, bearing-age tree (seedlings), found a kind of loquat is changed into from fruit tree to view and admire the new way that greening is set, and adopted high-order jag to delete layer and dredge the novel technical method that branch directive breeding loquat is viewed and admired the greening seedling.This method fundamentally solved in the prior art plant because of the loquat tree crown is low can influence on trade and highway limit sight line and because of the field low-density grow seedlings the cost height, cause cost height and low drawback and the problem of transplanting survival rate less because of the big capacity of carriage in tree crown footpath.Its breeding method: i.e. loquat greening height of seedling position jag is deleted layer and is dredged the branch breeding method, seedling is educated in sowing: get the summer sowing of loquat seed in open country soil, or soil in the canopy, or seedling frame bed substrate, or nutrition bowl, things such as mulching straw, water permeable, diseases prevention after the germination leaf development, control worm, weeding, fertilising,, breed the seedling of the thick 0.2-0.5cm of leading thread, plant height 15-30cm to an autumn or a perpendicular year spring then; Seedling in the cultivation: autumn, spring divide the loquat seedling rare with staying or are transplanted to nursery lot, density 15-25cm * 15-25cm, water, diseases prevention, control worm, weeding, fertilising, bud picking, pruning, colligation, with the lateral bud erase all of being sprouted between the liftoff 0-150cm of loquat seedling, make its high-order jag, cultivate into the thick 0.8-2cm of leading thread, plant height in the middle seedling of 80-150cm; Cultivating large seedling: autumn, divide seedling in the loquat rare spring with staying or be transplanted to nursery lot or transplant in container, density is 60-100cm * 60-100cm then, perpendicular year 2-3 rice * 2-3 rice, water, colligation, diseases prevention, control worm, weeding, fertilising, bud picking, prune, fruit thinning etc., with the 1.5 meters layer verticillate lateral bud of shape or branches of being sprouted with top of loquat seedling mobile jib, stay one deck every one to two layer, all the other whole layer deletions, every layer of branch selected and remain 3-5, all the other branches remove, through pruning, cultivate into the thick 2.5-15cm of leading thread, trunk is high more than 2.5 meters, plant height 2.5-5 rice, the seedlings of crown diameter 1-5 rice.

Embodiment 1: loquat landscape planting seeding cultivating method of the present invention, educate middle seedling: and live ground seedling or transplanting seedling, height of seedling 15-30cm, growing period often erase the lateral bud side shoot that germinates on the major branch, until height of seedling 1.5m; Educate seedlings: the middle seedling of seedling or transplanting in the live ground, stay ground floor (wheel) branch 3-5 in the above high position of the 1.5m of trunk 1, all the other deletions, growing period is again with the bud erase all of the second layer (wheel) branch 2 of germinating on the trunk 1, the the 3rd or the 4th layer of (wheel) branch 2 stays 3-5, all the other deletions, the back and the like operation, make that trunk is straight to be extended upward, keep the apical growth advantage, impel trunk even thickness up and down, the balanced growth of root, stem and leaf, the graceful plentiful pagoda shape tree crown 3 of formation is early also yielded positive results, and sees shown in the accompanying drawing 1.Must be with native ball when seedlings go out the garden, tie up branches and leaves.

Embodiment 2: on the basis of embodiment 1, adopt container nursery: seedling or seedlings in the loquat greening are transplanted to install earth or matrix (wood chip, bark, rice chaff, rice chaff ash, yellow sand, ashes, peat, vermiculite, perlite etc.) or earth and add in the container (plastics, cement, pottery, porcelain, wooden case, adhesive-bonded fabric etc.) of matrix, water, bud picking, delete branch, pruning etc., cultivate into seedling in the container, seedlings.

It will be appreciated that: the foregoing description just further specifies of the present invention, rather than limitation of the present invention, and any innovation and creation that do not exceed flesh and blood of the present invention all fall within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1, a kind of breeding method of loquat landscape planting seedling, it includes sowing and educates seedling and seedlings in seedling, the cultivation, in seedling raising process, water, diseases prevention, control worm, weeding, fertilising operation, when it is characterized in that cultivating large seedling, the layer verticillate lateral bud of shape or branch that loquat seedling mobile jib 150cm is sprouted with top, stay one deck every one to two layer, all the other whole layer deletions, every layer of branch selected and remain 3--5, all the other branches remove, and cultivate into seedlings through pruning.

2, the breeding method of loquat landscape planting seedling according to claim 1, when seedling was cultivated in it is characterized in that, elder generation divided the loquat seedling thin with staying or is transplanted to nursery lot, and density is at 15-25cm * 15--25cm.

3, the breeding method of loquat landscape planting seedling according to claim 2, when seedling is cultivated in it is characterized in that, at least also include the bud picking operation, be about to the lateral bud erase all sprouted between the liftoff 0--150cm of loquat seedling, make its high-order jag, cultivate into the thick 0.8--2cm of leading thread, plant height is at the middle seedling of 80--150cm.

4, according to the breeding method of claim 1 or 2 or 3 described loquat landscape planting seedlings, after it is characterized in that seedling is cultivated, seedling in the loquat divided with staying dredge or be transplanted to nursery lot or transplant in container, carry out the cultivation of seedlings, its density is: 60-100cm * 60-100cm then, perpendicular year 2--3 rice * 2-3 rice.

5, the breeding method of loquat landscape planting seedling according to claim 4, when it is characterized in that cultivating large seedling, at least also comprise the bud picking operation, be about to the lateral bud erase all sprouted between the liftoff 0--150cm of loquat seedling, and cultivate into the thick 2.5--15cm of leading thread, mobile jib is high more than 2.5 meters, plant height 2.5--5 rice, the seedlings of crown diameter 1--5 rice.

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