CN1300380A - 显示器件 - Google Patents

显示器件 Download PDF

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CN1300380A
CN1300380A CN00800533A CN00800533A CN1300380A CN 1300380 A CN1300380 A CN 1300380A CN 00800533 A CN00800533 A CN 00800533A CN 00800533 A CN00800533 A CN 00800533A CN 1300380 A CN1300380 A CN 1300380A
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liquid crystal
display device
feature
crystal display
device described
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CN1161645C (zh
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P·范德维特
S·斯塔林加
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Koninklijke Philips NV
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/13363Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
    • G02F1/133636Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation with twisted orientation, e.g. comprising helically oriented LC-molecules or a plurality of twisted birefringent sublayers
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/13363Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1347Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells
    • G02F1/13471Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells in which all the liquid crystal cells or layers remain transparent, e.g. FLC, ECB, DAP, HAN, TN, STN, SBE-LC cells
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/137Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
    • G02F1/139Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
    • G02F1/1396Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent the liquid crystal being selectively controlled between a twisted state and a non-twisted state, e.g. TN-LC cell
    • G02F1/1397Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent the liquid crystal being selectively controlled between a twisted state and a non-twisted state, e.g. TN-LC cell the twist being substantially higher than 90°, e.g. STN-, SBE-, OMI-LC cells

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)

Abstract

在正常黑双盒中,通过附加其光轴与检偏器光轴平行的延迟薄金属片增加观察角(尤其对于DSTN)。

Description

显示器件
本发明涉及一种液晶显示器件,其在偏振器和检偏器之间包含第一层,在2个透明衬底间具有绞合结构的绞合液晶材料,和第二层,在2个透明衬底间具有绞合结构的绞合液晶材料,第二层绞合液晶材料的扭曲方向与第一层绞合液晶材料的扭曲方向相反,并具有基本相等的扭曲角。
这样的双盒(cell)往往用于,例如汽车显示器,2个盒例如可以有例如玻璃或合成材料的公共衬底。所用的液晶效应大多是(超)绞合向列效应(S)TN,但也可应用如迪斯柯特(discotic)材料的其他液晶材料。
例如在美国5287207中示出了一个这样双盒的例子。对于S-TN双盒值得注意的是,第二个盒起色彩补偿器的作用。虽然在光垂直通路情况下,以及还例如对于在倾斜通路情况下的橙黄色光获得满意的对比度,但似乎难于用简单的方式(例如通过配合层的厚度和/或双折射)制造如“汽车”应用显示器上对其有很大需求的这样的盒,当绿光或白光的倾斜通路上它具有满意的对比度时。当经非寻址像素的光泄漏出现时,在一个角度上该对比度相当低。
本发明的目的特别在于,排除上述问题中的一个或多个问题。为此,按本发明的液晶显示器件特征在于,在检偏器和偏振器之间存在至少一个光延迟薄金属片,这个延迟薄金属片具有基本上与检偏器光轴中的一个(传输或吸收轴)相平行的主光轴。
延迟薄金属片被理解为双折射材料的自支承或非自支承层,或者具有光补偿或延迟作用的层(光各向异性层)。双折射时,折射射率依与光线相关的电场矢量方向而改变。双折射材料只有一个轴,对于该轴具有沿此轴的电场矢量的光线在异常折射率ne被衍射,该相关轴被称作材料的主光轴。对于具有垂直该轴的电场矢量的光线,折射率或许对所有方向相同(正常折射率no)。如果折射率垂直该轴改变,则涉及双轴材料。在这种情况下,最好具有最大折射率的轴平行检偏器的(传输)轴。
所说的延迟薄金属片可以包括在一个位置(例如在双盒和检偏器之间)联合出现的多个延迟层,但这些(子)层可以在一些单独部位交替出现。
已发现,由于具有基本上与检偏器传输轴平行(最大±5%的偏差)的主轴的延迟薄金属片的所说的选择而大大地增加了对比度,特别是当对于薄金属片延迟R(或联合(子)层)选择100nm和400nm之间的值R时。本发明明显可适用于具有正的光各向异性(Δn=(ne-no)>0)的STN双盒。本发明也可适用于其中第二个盒(称作补偿器盒)包含具有负的光各向异性的绞合液晶材料的双盒。例如迪斯柯特材料。扭曲角则最好在45度和315度之间的范围。
根据并参照下述实施例,本发明的这些和其他方面将显而易见。
附图中:
图1是按本发明的显示器件的横截面图;
图2是另一个按本发明的显示器件的横截面图;
图3和图4表示对于常规双盒和对于如图2所示的双盒的等对比度曲线,按本发明的措施已应用于如图2所示的双盒。
附图是图解式的,未划出标度。用相同的标号一般地标志相应的部分。
图1的显示器件包含在2个透明支承片2、3之间的具有正介电各向异性和正光各向异性的液晶材料层11的第一显示盒10。在液晶材料的侧面,支承片2、3配备有例如限定像素矩阵的电极12、13。这些像素可通过开关元件和驱动电极(有源驱动)驱动。在该例中,带形电极的重叠部分限定这些像素,用选择和数据信号给这些电极供电(无源驱动)。例如借助驱动电路7获得驱动电压,该驱动电路7将输入信息8转换成经连接线15加到电极12、13的所说驱动电压。在该例中也作为定向层的绝缘材料层14出现在层12、13上。在电极12、13两端的电压为0伏的情况下,层14给出液晶分子扭曲角φ1。扭曲角φ1在135°和360°之间,在该例中为180°。
器件还包含在2个透明支承片3、4之间的补偿层,在该例中为第二盒20,在该例中它还具有正光各向异性的液晶材料的第二层21。选支承片3对于盒10、20是公共的,但这并非严格必要;然而这简化了制造总厚度也保持小的双盒。用于绝缘和定向的层24出现在支承片3、4上。选取液晶材料21和层24的定向作用为使液晶分子得到与φ1相反的扭曲角φ2。盒10和20出现在偏振器6和检偏器5之间,偏振器6和检偏器5的偏振方向互相垂直交叉。选层14、24的壁取向为使得在盒10中心的引向器(在0伏电压)垂直在在盒20中心的引向器。
在垂直观察方向和以相对法线的小角度观察方向的情况下,这样的双盒具有优异的对比度。另外的优点是,盒10和20的温度依赖性基本上相等,所以这些双盒可在大的温度范围使用。这对于汽车应用(仪表板等)特别重要。
对于以相对法线的较大角度的观察方向,由于光泄漏对比度会是较坏。特别地对于绿光源和具有宽色谱的光源(例如白光或兰和黄光组合),不能容易地通过采用液晶材料的电光特性,例如在补偿器盒中的延迟,解决这个问题。
根据本发明基本解决了这个问题,通过提供带有光延迟薄金属片30的双盒,其主光轴(慢轴)基本平行检偏器5的传输方向。这样具有232nm延迟的单轴延迟薄金属片加到双盒上,其中组合盒10和20各有5.7μm的厚度和0.16的重折率Δn。慢轴在检偏器5的平面内,即与图1的图面成水平(在箭头nx方向;在图1中2个其他分量ny和nz分别垂直图面和与图面成竖直)。分量nx、ny和nz规定折射率(和延迟薄金属片30的光轴)。在相关情况下(单轴薄金属片或单轴延迟器)保持nx>ny=ny。当使用绿光源35(λ=560nm)时,发现相对无延迟薄金属片的双盒的如下改进。测得其对比度具有作为方位角的函数的1∶10的值的极角(相对Z方向的角度)。还测得光泄漏,高于测得的该极角光泄漏作为方位角的函数大于2%。这产生如下结果:
表1
对比度 方位角(°)
0 45 90 135 180 225 270 315
双盒 43 30 22 33 48 58 51 65
有薄金属片的双盒 49 40 27 40 52 50 58 63
表2
亮度 方位角(°)
0 45 90 135 180 225 270 315
双盒 38 >70 26 >70 40 >70 35 >70
有薄金属片的双盒 55 >70 38 >70 49 >70 53 >70
从表中明显可见,在较大角度范围获得了对比度的相当大的改善和光泄漏的减少。对于延迟R,最好选λ/4<R<λ/2;实际上,这意味着R具有100nm和400nm之间的值,这也依赖于光源35的波长。
延迟薄金属片可由多个子层组成。子层不必出现在同一侧面;例如,图2的器件有2个子层30’、30",它们分别靠近偏振器和检偏器。这些子层30’、30"可以在衬底3上交替出现。在图2’的器件中,子盒10的扭曲角φ1大约为90度。在该例中,第二个盒20具有有负的光各向异性的液晶材料层21。选层24的定向作用力使得液晶分子获取与φ1反相的扭曲角φ2。在该例中通过选迪斯柯特液晶材料用于该液晶材料获得一个子盒20。在该例中,层21是液体,但可以交替地包括聚合液晶材料。图3和4表示等对比度曲线用于按目前工艺水平的双盒(φ1=φ2=90°,d.Δn=430nm,绞合向列材料用于2个子盒)和对于图2的双盒。在图2的双盒中,具有220nm延迟的延迟薄金属片直接放在检偏器后面,而光轴平行于检偏器方向。从图中明显可见,由1∶10对比度限制的对比度范围现在水平覆盖-55°和+61°之间的角度(而不是图3上的-38°和+42°之间),竖直覆盖-58°和+45°之间的角度(而不是图3上的-36°和+38°之间)因此,该措施产生了在倾斜角度的对比度的相当可观改善。
本发明当然不限于所示的例子,而许多变化是可能的。例如,除绿光源外的光源的观察角也被改善。对于延迟薄金属片的光轴,不必nx>ny=nz,而nx>ny>nz也是令人满意的。这种类型的双轴薄金属片可以沿检偏器的传输轴和沿检偏器的吸收轴延展。
总之,本发明通过附加带有平行检偏器的主光轴的延迟薄金属片提供了“正常黑”双盒的观察角的改善。
本发明寓于每一个发明特征和特征的每一个组合中。

Claims (10)

1.一种液晶显示器件,在偏振器和检偏器之间包含在两个透明衬底间具有绞合结构的第一绞合液晶材料层和在两个透明衬底间具有绞合结构的第二绞合液晶材料层,第二绞合液晶材料层的扭曲方向与第一绞合液晶材料层的扭曲方向相反,并有基本相等的扭曲角,特征是至少一个光延迟薄金属片出现在检偏器和偏振器之间,这个延迟薄金属片具有与检偏器光轴中的一个轴平行的主光轴。
2.如权利要求1中所述的液晶显示器件,特征是延迟薄金属片为单轴的。
3.如权利要求1中所述的液晶显示器件,特征是多个延迟层出现在检偏器和偏振器之间,组合延迟层的主光轴基本上与检偏器光轴中的一个轴平行。
4.如权利要求1或2中所述的液晶显示器件,特征是液晶材料是向列的,扭曲角为135°-360°。
5.如权利要求1或2中所述的液晶显示器件,特征是延迟层的接合延迟为100-400nm。
6.如权利要求1或2中所述的液晶显示器件,特征是显示器件包括基本上发射绿光的光源。
7.如权利要求1或2中所述的液晶显示器件,特征是第二绞合液晶材料层有负的光各向异性。
8.如权利要求7中所述的液晶显示器件,特征是扭曲角为45°-135°。
9.如权利要求7中所述的液晶显示器件,特征是第二绞合液晶材料层包含迪斯柯特(discotic)材料。
10.如权利要求7中所述的液晶显示器件,特征是第二绞合液晶材料层包含聚合液晶材料。
CNB008005338A 1999-04-08 2000-03-28 显示器件 Expired - Fee Related CN1161645C (zh)

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US (2) US6437843B1 (zh)
EP (1) EP1084446A1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2002541527A (zh)
CN (1) CN1161645C (zh)
WO (1) WO2000062121A1 (zh)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100440002C (zh) * 2004-10-06 2008-12-03 斯坦雷电气株式会社 液晶显示元件
CN100454108C (zh) * 2005-06-17 2009-01-21 卡西欧计算机株式会社 视角可控制的液晶显示装置及使用它的电子设备
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CN103309097A (zh) * 2013-06-17 2013-09-18 深圳市华星光电技术有限公司 液晶盒以及具有该液晶盒的液晶显示器

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CN100440002C (zh) * 2004-10-06 2008-12-03 斯坦雷电气株式会社 液晶显示元件
CN100454108C (zh) * 2005-06-17 2009-01-21 卡西欧计算机株式会社 视角可控制的液晶显示装置及使用它的电子设备
CN103309097A (zh) * 2013-06-17 2013-09-18 深圳市华星光电技术有限公司 液晶盒以及具有该液晶盒的液晶显示器
CN103309097B (zh) * 2013-06-17 2016-03-30 深圳市华星光电技术有限公司 液晶盒以及具有该液晶盒的液晶显示器

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