CN1297188C - Method for producing good vegetable, fodder, edible oil, flower and ornamental plant-orychophiagmus violaceus seed - Google Patents
Method for producing good vegetable, fodder, edible oil, flower and ornamental plant-orychophiagmus violaceus seed Download PDFInfo
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- CN1297188C CN1297188C CN 200310104136 CN200310104136A CN1297188C CN 1297188 C CN1297188 C CN 1297188C CN 200310104136 CN200310104136 CN 200310104136 CN 200310104136 A CN200310104136 A CN 200310104136A CN 1297188 C CN1297188 C CN 1297188C
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Abstract
Orychophragmus violaceus is a plant of orychophragmus in the brassicaceae of cruciferae, and is mainly produced in China. Orychophragmus violaceus is a special rare plant resource in China due to series superior quality and great purposes. The orychophragmus violaceus has particularly strong adaptation and fecundity, has superior natural seeding and overwintering capability, and has excellent ecological, environmental protection and social benefits of agricultural structure adjustment, increase of farmer's income, soil and water conservation, barren mountain afforestation, the return of land for farming to forestry, life improvement, etc. But orychophragmus violaceus can be developed and utilized only when sufficient seeds are produced in advance. The present invention relates to a method for producing the seeds of orychophragmus violaceus which is an ornamental flower plant and provides a novel seed source for producing high-quality vegetable edible oil for feeding livestock. The seeds of wild or artificially cultivated orychophragmus violaceus are collected and continuously domesticated and selected in an artificial mode by many years' early, middle and late seed introduction and regional tests. Superior seeds are preserved, and inferior seeds are discarded. The present invention basically overcomes the defects existing in the wild orychophragmus violaceus that the wild orychophragmus violaceus has long growth periods, branching positions are so low that the seeds are ripe in different times, the seeds previously ripened crack so harvest is reduced, quality such as oil content and other important economic indexes are difficult to keep consistent, the wild orychophragmus violaceus is easy to infect sclerotinia, the yield is low, etc.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to agriculture field.
Background technology:
Internationally recognized and well-known: 21st century is biotechnology century; each state is all sparing no effort to develop biotechnology research and development and industrialization; its prerequisite, core and bracing force then are living resources; therefore, acquisition, protection and applying biological resource must be the eternal theme and the top priorities of various countries' bioengineering field.
Orychophragmus violaceus is the plant of Cruciferae rape Zhuge of family Lepidium, main product China, be distributed in North China, East China, in Liaoning, also there is distribution in province such as Hubei, Shaanxi, Gansu, Sichuan, it is the distinctive precious resources plant of China, adapt to and the fertility extra-heavy: roadside, the barren hill also good natural seeding of the tool ability etc. of surviving the winter of all can growing behind the house before the room, ecological, environmental protective social benefit such as have fine water and soil conservation, planting trees on barren hills, conceding the land to forestry, agricultural restructuring and increasing peasant income and make the life better should finely develop.
For the record of Orychophragmus violaceus early, ancient times, " Book of Songs " was promptly on the books, but for the research and development of Orychophragmus violaceus than later.As a kind of traditional edible wild herbs, its economic worth is out in the cold always, and research both at home and abroad all seldom.Until the 1980s, domestic just the beginning has Primary Study to its botany characteristics.Because of just blooming, bloom early its annual February, this moment also very cold, free flowering fresh flower seldom, the florescence is also long, up to May, and its Regulation and Blue Flowers all rape patterns all be in yellow the spending characteristic highlight, very noticeable, so some places begin as ornamental plants, shortage is sunken at cold season fresh flower scarcity of resources and many fresh flowers florescence effectively to have remedied natural world.So far, the main application of Orychophragmus violaceus is gardening still, views and admires, as dish use because of its protein content height, the low palatability of fiber content and nutritive value good, but also only tentatively obtain practice, it is outstanding raise herd with and oil yet do not obtain extensively with effectively using with being worth with quality, and there is long, total 214-231 days breeding time of breeding time in wild Orychophragmus violaceus; Principal economic indicators such as the branch position is low excessively to cause that ripe successively inconsistent, ripe meeting earlier bursts that harvest easily reduces, quality such as oil content are difficult to unanimity; The susceptible stalk break; Output is lower, every mu of shortcoming such as 50-70 kilogram only.
State in view of this, apparent, no matter Orychophragmus violaceus is to make what purposes, its precondition all must obtain a large amount of seeds in advance, and overcomes defective alleged in the above-mentioned background technology substantially, promptly needs to design, implement a kind of production method of suitable breeding orychophiagmus violaceus seed.
Summary of the invention:
Purpose of the present invention is exactly that to raise the method for herding edible oil flower ornamental plant new seed source orychophiagmus violaceus seed be regional test in order to address the above problem the production quality vegetables that designs, and overcome said defective in the background technology by this test and method, keep simultaneously and strengthen a lot of good natural characteristic that Orychophragmus violaceus itself has, for example economical character is better, the protein content height, excellent quality etc. have important exploitation and are worth.
The present invention has carried out long-term regional test to Orychophragmus violaceus, comprise introduce a fine variety, cultivation and seed selection work, selection through the several years is identified, showed better prospect, and in the regional test process, cultivated kind and method and the approach that improves output, control morbidity, shortens breeding time and maturing stage, better realize goal of the invention, seen aftermentioned for details.
As everyone knows, any biology all has own optimal growth and developmental condition, plant too, Orychophragmus violaceus is no exception more naturally.The more important thing is, wild plant must promptly be domesticated for crops by the autotelic reform through labour of the mankind in advance, could keep and strengthen its biological character favourable, and overcome the unfavorable even harmful biological character of the mankind even extremely important these character pair wild plants itself to the mankind.
The habituation of wild plant has much for method favourable to the mankind or day human proterties of wishing, should look specifically by domestication plant characteristic and difficulty, easily degree and condition, especially time and economic condition and anticipation ability and correctness thereof are held key factors such as size and are carried out row decision-making again after the concrete detailed one by one correct analysis and research reliably, just might reduce blindness and failure to greatest extent, to win success and to save limited time, energy and funds.To this, have only by regional test and for this reason and its correctness and practicality can be finished and prove to the check of the method that specific design and final decision adopt.In other words be exactly to prove only so whether the habituation of wild plant is successful and whether this wild plant has using value and be worth size the mankind.This shows regional test and method thereof importance to the success of human agricultural production practice and application.
Above-mentioned agricultural science and technology principle and strict under it instructs is followed in inventor's strictness, go through and carried out the regional test (multiple spot test) that Orychophragmus violaceus plant and seed are produced in 3 years: with Chengdu in Sichuan Province and its north only 50 kilometers Deyang City be the center, south is to Sichuan Province's Panzhihua City and Guizhou Province's waterside town city science and technology office, north is to Wuhan City, Hubei Province biology department of Hubei University, can represent the broad regions of china rape main producing region of the South and the North of the Yangtze river basin that thing flows to substantially.Therefore, it is National Representative that the one's respective area test has national main producing region, so have patentability.
Embodiment:
By stages, in batches, the gather orychophiagmus violaceus seed of wild or new cultivation breeding as regional test of the present invention of layering is first key issue of production orychophiagmus violaceus seed, it is determining important economical trait and indexs such as next seed and plant yield and quality.Begin the Beginning of summer in May the earliest every year, finished before Grain in Ear at the latest, general optimum period is that Grain Full is about forward and backward ten days.
Processing is second key issue of producing orychophiagmus violaceus seed with the wild or cultivation orychophiagmus violaceus seed that preservation collects.Dry water content below 10%, the semi-transparent gas, food of 0.01-0.1mm packs the back with-4 ℃ of-4 ℃ of black outs refrigerations with non-toxic plastic film, can reduce preservation temperature and humidity and O to reach
2Dividing potential drop, CO can raise again
2Dividing potential drop to be slowing down the excessive reduction of breathing the power consumption and avoiding seed inclusion and germination rate and germination vigor, and can keep the required oxygen of its basic vital movement, and to regulate with keeping one automatically be the preservation temperature that relatively suits and humidity, O comparatively speaking
2With CO
2Dividing potential drop, especially measure less the safety and the vigor quality of the wild seed resource rare, that cost energy funds are high and then non-renewable and rare to ensure valuable seed resource, otherwise careless slightly all that has been achieved is spoiled, have only the passive situation without redemption that waits the coming year again with regard to easily causing, this is absolute can criminal and unforgiven mistake to the breeding field, so must firmly stop its generation; To this, the present invention repeatedly, multiple comparative trial proves: the inventor adopts the orychophiagmus violaceus seed of preservation under the above-mentioned storage conditions that is harvested from late May calendar year 2001 to do the test of following index, not only only after short 4-5 month, comprise that all early, in, the germination rate of different sowing dates in evening (seeing for details following), germination vigor and seed original weight are all up to more than 90%, and it after 2 years half on October 20th, 2003, though the seed original weight has alleviated 5-10% because of keeping consumption losses such as himself basic life and response environment factor and variation thereof, germination rate and germination vigor still can remain between the 60-70% level; Although and comparative trial adopts is just to gather in the crops in late May, 2002 but put the orychophiagmus violaceus seed of preserving under the condition for room temperature opens, though only also can remain on about 90% after short 4-5 month, the germination rate, germination vigor and the seed original weight that have comprised all early, middle and late different sowing dates equally, but in i.e. on October 20th, 2003 after 1 year half, not only germination rate drop sharply to only remain outside the 5-15%, weight also light 5-10%; These tests have illustrated that not only the orychophiagmus violaceus seed sowing of gathering then then comprises its survival ability of natural seeding powerful (this mainly have benefited from Orychophragmus violaceus species evolve through long-term natural selection adapt to natural survival competition and the ability that the back self has), also proves that it needs only storage conditions and better also can reach the extinction (this mainly has benefited from the combination aspect nature and the human labour two) naturally of avoiding seed resource in the time period of several years.
Date of seeding is the 3rd key issue of producing orychophiagmus violaceus seed, it determining damage by disease and insect, fertility and maturing stage and length thereof and with other crops to broadcast, multiple coordination problem such as receipts phase and soil, to avoid conflict, all must do early, middle and late broadcasting and the test of receipts phase earlier so introduced a fine variety with the regional test stage different regions, estimate and determine in view of the above local optimum sowing time with comprehensive advantage.Concrete grammar is: the late sowing test is carried out during the Frost's Descent-the Beginning of Winter in every year and was finished, finishes to sow on the same day in the Beginning of Winter at the latest, in broadcast that test is carried out and finished, finish sowing at the latest on the same day in the Frost's Descent during Cold Dew-Frost's Descent in every year, the early sowing test is carried out during the Autumnal Equinox-Cold Dew in every year and was finished, finishes sowing at the latest on the same day in Cold Dew.
All the other working conditions are identical with conventional oil crop with requirement.
The result shows, Orychophragmus violaceus through taming is than wild initial population increase yield significantly, be up to 47%, be that output is near 100-140 kilogram/mu, though comparing with the rape variety seed production of general common cultivation, its seed production also has certain gap, but because its oil quality is good, essential fatty acids linoleic content 50% and general rape oil are less than 25%, it is high-quality good because of protein content to do fodder and vegetables, palatability is outstanding and but rape oil is taken in concurrently and the income height, so had suitable production value and price advantage, proved in the domestication aspect raising output and the maintenance one's best quality and obtained success; Be fit to the different condition of different regions respectively by early, middle and late date of seeding evidence, all can be used for production practices.
Evidence, although early, in, nearly about 2 months very big gap is arranged total breeding time of the Orychophragmus violaceus of late sowing, no matter but Orychophragmus violaceus is early, in, late sowing does not all influence the beginning and the length of its reproductive stage substantially, so with regard to overall merit, seedling stage and total breeding time were longer before early sowing was survived the winter, cover and the bigger and penetrating light of area that shelters from heat or light, the gas condition is relatively poor, interior during this period of time in addition temp. and humidity is also higher so damage by disease and insect easily takes place, as reduce density and promptly reduce unit are seedling number and can influence harvest again, and this moment some crops also harvesting finish, the contradiction or the conflict of receipts phase and land resources use aspect take place easily; Though late sowing can effectively shorten total breeding time (short about 50 days than early sowing, in broadcast 30 days), but because of seedling stage before surviving the winter and total breeding time nutriment too short again, the accumulation of plant nutrition body slight of stature fewly unfavorablely pass the winter and influence growing way after the beginning of spring, equally easily cause damage by disease and insect after the beginning of spring and lose more than gain as increase density.Therefore early, be not the optimum sowing time scheme under the general general case of late sowing, but relatively be suitable for especially the area or particular case is remedied scheme as morning in autumn, water-logging from autumnal rains etc. down.
Evidence, because of in broadcast better coordinated early, late sowing contradiction and dissolved many unfavorable factors, and can better integrate morning, late sowing advantage and strong point separately, so broadcast in most areas can better avoid damage by disease and insect and not and other crops are broadcast, between the time receiving with resource contention such as soil, prove overcoming damage by disease and insect and take into account to overcome long, maturing stage breeding time and obtained success than the domestication aspect slow; Overcome the branch position by gather in batches and crossed the shortcoming that the low maturing stage differs greatly, and the strain system of precocity, disease-resistant, advantage such as maturity is good is provided in seed selection, be beneficial to and shorten the land seizure cycle, Chinese agriculture role and the meaning of these advantages after central authorities emphasize increasing peasant income and China's entry into the WTO again and again just becomes more important.
To sum up state, the present invention has overcome the required shortcoming that overcomes of goal of the invention generally substantially.
Because to the highest domestication standard of wild plant is progressively could realize and perfect, can not accomplish in one move, and production application can not disregard cost ground for a long time even indefinitely passiveness etc. stay, all follow " the advantages outweigh the disadvantages " and promptly achieve the goal substantially so this area is agricultural industry rule and legal judgment criteria, that is needing only cost performance (performance is compared with price or value) comparatively speaking, moderate to be that input-output ratio is worthwhile, lucrative just can put into practice.In other words be exactly the wild plant resource that the inventor had both successfully tamed this preciousness of Orychophragmus violaceus, retain again and strengthened it to the extremely beneficial wildlife proterties of the mankind and be used for production practices and be human service.This is extremely outstanding in the thremmatology field.
Change the natural resource utilizing [scientific and technological publishing house: 38-39 1985] that can deliver according to natural resources is comprehensive, the deserted mountain spy is many in China wasteland, surpasses 600,000,000 mu, and only just have an appointment 100,000,000 mu (627.5 ten thousand hectares) in the deserted mountain in Sichuan Province, wasteland, also do not add the soil of conceding the land.These waste mountain wastes not only can not increase production owing to lack vegetation, and cause water and soil loss, cause middle and lower reach of Yangtze River environmental deterioration, the flood wildness; In addition; China peasants and herdsmen are numerous, and a lot of farming and pastoral areas all are national poverty-stricken areas, and present national positive reinforcement is implemented to concede the land to forestry and grass, develop actively is herded great state basic policies such as sideline production; shake off poverty and set out on the road to prosperity in the hope of water and soil conservation, ecological protection and peasants and herdsmen, and as long-term national policy.This just needs long-term cultivation vegetation, additional high-quality to raise the herbage material, and has only after it becomes numerous peasants and herdsmen's conscious selection, just might carry out for a long time.Because having extremely strong natural seeding and adaptive capacity and fodder and oil plant, Orychophragmus violaceus serial advantage such as takes in concurrently, so popularizing planting Orychophragmus violaceus, not only can utilize the multi-faceted raising agriculture and animal husbandry of the waste mountain waste output value, and can planting trees on barren hills, optimize the environment, conserve water and soil, reduce big flood.Vacant lot plantation high-quality high protein Orychophragmus violaceus and also can also raise also oil of dish behind the house before the agricultural district then can utilize the room improves the agriculture and animal husbandry sideline production output value, but also deep processing with good conditionsi, further increment improves the life of peasant and urban population; Science and technology is converted into productivity, improves the contribution rate of science and technology to agricultural and ecological, environmental protective, carry out the Party Central Committee, State Council series indication and state basic policy with concrete action about science and technology, agricultural, ecology and environmental protection, thereby can improve agriculture industrialization level and international competitiveness greatly and increase peasants and herdsmen's income, for the development in science and technology of China's agricultural, livestock breeding and feed industry is contributed.
In addition, being worth ben is, because Sichuan is located in the Changjiang river middle and upper reaches, many again mountain regions, soil ridge approach, long-term poor, the local backwardness of the people, populous in addition, waste mountain waste is also more, has to enlarge and opens up wasteland, cause water and soil loss, big vast suffering from frequently, thus vicious circle formed, and urgent need planting trees on barren hills wasteland, the raising output value just can stop, tackle; Sichuan farming, animal husbandry area are wide, peasants and herdsmen develop stock raising, animal husbandry, be badly in need of high-quality feed, therefore the Orychophragmus violaceus high-quality feed utmost point has market prospects, expection can effectively promote the various places peasants and herdsmen to get rich and the ecological, environmental protective construction, and further the whole nation so that will progressively obtain widespread adoption abroad: Inst. of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Japan, Canada, France, Sweden, Czech, India etc. want to buy seed proves that the domestic and international market of this project is huge, have a bright future, caused domestic and international great attention.
To sum up state, the demand of high-quality feed of the present invention and feed addictive can not be underestimated, and the domestic and international market is very wide; Raw material sources also can be because of afforesting wide waste mountain waste and the cultivation abundance is secure an adequate supply, and not only made our country green, but also ensured and produce needing of utilizationing, be afforest, production doulbe-sides' victory and renewable development and application optimum of resource and successful example.Its economical, societal benefits are fairly obvious, and Chinese agriculture role and meaning after central authorities emphasize increasing peasant income and China's entry into the WTO again and again just become more important.
Therefore, should assert that test the one's respective area and method has realized the object of the invention substantially, be success and feasible.
Claims (1)
1. method of producing orychophiagmus violaceus seed is characterized in that: finish Grain in Ear before annual the Beginning of summer, by stages, in batches, the layering orychophiagmus violaceus seed that wild or new cultivation is bred of gathering; Dry water content below 10%, the semi-transparent gas, food of 0.01-0.1mm packs the back with-4 ℃ of-4 ℃ of black outs refrigerations with non-toxic plastic film; Carry out late sowing during the annual Frost's Descent-the Beginning of Winter, broadcast in carrying out during annual Cold Dew-Frost's Descent, carry out early sowing during the annual Autumnal Equinox-Cold Dew.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200310104136 CN1297188C (en) | 2003-12-26 | 2003-12-26 | Method for producing good vegetable, fodder, edible oil, flower and ornamental plant-orychophiagmus violaceus seed |
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| CN 200310104136 CN1297188C (en) | 2003-12-26 | 2003-12-26 | Method for producing good vegetable, fodder, edible oil, flower and ornamental plant-orychophiagmus violaceus seed |
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| CN1554219A CN1554219A (en) | 2004-12-15 |
| CN1297188C true CN1297188C (en) | 2007-01-31 |
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| CN 200310104136 Expired - Fee Related CN1297188C (en) | 2003-12-26 | 2003-12-26 | Method for producing good vegetable, fodder, edible oil, flower and ornamental plant-orychophiagmus violaceus seed |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103947427A (en) * | 2014-05-09 | 2014-07-30 | 林平 | Landscape layout method with rapes and corychophramus violaceua planted at intervals |
| CN104839009B (en) * | 2015-05-19 | 2017-08-01 | 镇江鑫源达园艺科技有限公司 | A kind of method for improving white turnip breeding quality |
| CN107896891A (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2018-04-13 | 全椒县大地种植专业合作社 | A kind of breeding method of high temperature resistant turnip |
| CN113076512B (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2021-10-26 | 重庆市规划和自然资源信息中心 | Land supply maturity evaluation optimization method |
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