CN1290059A - Method for protecting power transmission line and travelling wave sensor for it - Google Patents
Method for protecting power transmission line and travelling wave sensor for it Download PDFInfo
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- CN1290059A CN1290059A CN 00131128 CN00131128A CN1290059A CN 1290059 A CN1290059 A CN 1290059A CN 00131128 CN00131128 CN 00131128 CN 00131128 A CN00131128 A CN 00131128A CN 1290059 A CN1290059 A CN 1290059A
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Abstract
Description
The invention belongs to the relay protection of power system technical field, relate to protecting power transmission line and be used for the traveling wave sensor of this method.
The quick protection of transmission line malfunction and accurate location can not get solving preferably for a long time, directly influence the service restoration time of faulty line, have brought white elephant also for circuit operation maintenance personnel.Existing relaying protection and Fault Locating Method comprise: the relaying protection and conventional fault localization method, the traveling-wave protection that utilizes fault transient travelling wave and the functional failure travelling wave positioning method that utilize the fault steady-state quantity.
Relay protecting method based on the fault steady-state quantity; install current transformer and capacitance type potential transformer at the power circuit two ends and carry out electric current, the detection of voltage steady-state quantity; by the fault steady-state quantity calculating voltage fault steady-state signal after the line fault and the direction relations or the fault impedance of current failure steady-state signal; whether failure judgement point is on this circuit; responsiveness is slower; reliability is not very high, can not satisfy the requirement of supertension line operation fully.Utilize the fault steady-state quantity after the line fault to calculate fault impedance etc. based on the conventional fault localization method of fault steady-state quantity, find the solution fault distance: the fault location precision is lower, be subjected to the influence of factors such as variation of system operational parameters bigger, comprising: the influence of the progress of disease characteristic of (1) voltage, current transformer; (2) be subjected to the influence of the error of adjusting of line parameter circuit value and system parameters; (3) line parameter circuit value is with the influence of factors vary such as weather, the operation time limit, contaminated degree; (4) be subjected to the fault transient influence of harmonic.Usually the conventional fault positioner based on the fault steady-state quantity moves unsatisfactory at the scene.
Authors such as H.Lee are at IEEE Trans.On PWRD, 1996,11 (3), pp.1214-1223, introduced a kind of voltage traveling wave Fault Locating Method in " GPS Travelling Wave Fault Locator Systems:Investigation into theAnomalous Measurement Related to Lightning Strikes " literary composition, employing is connected on a reactor measuring voltage of CVT primary side row ripple, by the Time Calculation fault distance of voltage traveling wave wave head arrival.This method need change the wiring of primary system, is unfavorable for safe operation of power system, is difficult to promote in the electric power system of China.And authors such as Dong Xinzhou are at Proceedings of the CSEE, 1999, a kind of method that adopts current traveling wave to carry out fault location introduced in 19 (4) " utilizing the outlet line Research on fault locating of transient current travelling waves " literary composition, transient state travelling wave signal by the generation of high-speed a/d acquisition system record trouble, utilize wavelet analysis to carry out signal processing by computer, search capable wave-wave head, according to the Time Calculation fault distance of current traveling wave wave head arrival.This method needs complicated hardware and software design, cost height, poor reliability, and be not suitable for installing at the one-end substation that has only an outlet.Application number: 93243667 by name " novel cable fault locating instruments " thus utility model patent disclose a kind of employing by transformer station's injected pulse signal, measure the method that initialize signal and the time difference calculating position of failure point of fault point reflected signal carry out fault location, this method needs complicated signal injection device, the cost height, poor reliability.97108539.0 of application numbers are called " high-voltage overhead line on-line failure distance finding method and apparatus " application for a patent for invention and disclose a kind of power frequency measurement amount line reactance value of utilizing, calculate the method for fault distance by reactance value, this method is subjected to the influence of factors such as line parameter circuit value variation, current transformer and voltage transformer error, and the fault location precision is not high.
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of power line protection and Fault Locating Method of realizing of simply being easy to; For realizing purpose of the present invention, utilize custom-designed traveling wave sensor, can detect the capable ripple of voltage and current; This transducer easy for installation need not change the primary system wiring; And, go ripple direction protection, the row pitch of waves accurate location from protection and fault point by row wave line of propagation polarity and row wave-wave head due in.
A kind of protecting power transmission line of the present invention, when the power circuit two ends are installed current transformer and capacitance type potential transformer and carried out electric current, voltage steady-state quantity conventional sense, carry out following steps:
(1) measures the current traveling wave of the capable ripple summation current transformer of the earth current secondary circuit of power circuit two ends capacitance type potential transformer respectively;
(2) wave head and the polarity of the rate of change of the current break signal of surveying, rise or fall time and amplitude size capable ripple of the described earth current of identification and secondary loop current row ripple in circuit two ends bases (1);
(3) when capable ripple of earth current and secondary loop current row ripple reversed polarity, be judged to the positive direction fault, otherwise be reverse direction failure, the circuit two ends are the positive direction fault and then are judged as this feeder line fault, otherwise are the All other routes fault;
(4) be judged as this feeder line fault when (3), and the steady-state quantity conventional sense judges when this moment electric power system has fault to take place, carry out the operation of this route protection.
Above-mentioned protecting power transmission line; it further is characterized as: the wave head of identification current traveling wave and polarity chron; definition electric current positive direction flows to circuit by bus; rising jump signal polarity is for just; decline jump signal polarity is for negative; when the jump signal rate of change greater than setting value; rise or fall time less than setting value and amplitude greater than setting value; judge that then this jump signal is row wave-wave head; described rate of change setting value can be 0.01 PU/ μ S～0.1 PU/ μ S; described time setting value can be 1 μ S～10 μ S; described amplitude setting value is 0.1 PU～0.5 PU, and wherein PU is a per unit value.
Another protecting power transmission line of the present invention, when the power circuit two ends are installed current transformer and capacitance type potential transformer and carried out electric current, voltage steady-state quantity conventional sense, carry out following steps:
(1) measures the capable ripple of earth current of power circuit two ends capacitance type potential transformer or the current traveling wave of secondary loop of mutual inductor respectively;
(2) wave head of the rate of change of the current break signal of surveying, rise or fall time and amplitude size capable ripple of the described earth current of identification or secondary loop current row ripple in circuit two ends bases (1), when the jump signal rate of change greater than setting value, rise or fall time less than setting value and amplitude greater than setting value, judge that then this jump signal is row wave-wave head, and write down this wave head time of advent;
(3) arrive circuit two ends Time Calculation fault distance according to line length and row wave-wave head:
L wherein AFor the fault point apart from circuit A end distance from, L is a line length, V is approximately the light velocity for row ripple propagation velocity on the line, general overhead transmission line: 3.0 * 10 8M/s, cable line are 2.0 * 10 8M/s; t AFor row wave-wave head arrives A end time, t BFor row wave-wave head arrives the B end time;
(4) establishing the fault location error is the K kilometer, by above-mentioned (3) calculating K≤L A≤ (L-K) time, promptly be judged as this line-internal fault, wherein the K value is determined according to the measuring equipment precision, 0.1≤K≤2;
(5) be judged as this line fault when (4), and the steady-state quantity conventional sense judges when this moment electric power system has fault to take place, carry out the operation of this route protection.
The earth current capable ripple time of advent or secondary loop current row ripple all can be used for fault location the time of advent, adopt the time that arrives earlier in the two usually.
Above-mentioned protecting power transmission line, its operation that is further characterized in that record row wave-wave head time of advent can be:
When (1) the jump signal rate of change is greater than setting value, produce the triggering signal that clocks, trigger recording global positioning system synchronised clock is by latch lockout row wave-wave head time of advent;
(2) when the jump signal rise or fall time less than setting value, and amplitude produces output signal during greater than setting value, and the capable wave-wave head that locks in (1) is read in calculator memory the time of advent;
Described rate of change setting value can be 0.01 PU/ μ S～0.1 PU/ μ S, and described time setting value can be 1 μ S～10 μ S, and described amplitude setting value is 0.1 PU～0.5 PU, and wherein PU is a per unit value;
(3) fault location error K=1 kilometer.
A kind of feeder line fault localization method of the present invention, the fault location that is used for non-loop wire road, current transformer is installed and capacitance type potential transformer carries out carrying out following steps in electric current, the voltage steady-state quantity conventional sense in each power circuit two ends in power system network:
(1) the capable ripple of earth current of power circuit termination capacitance type potential transformer or the current traveling wave of secondary loop of mutual inductor are measured by each transformer station in the electric power system;
(2) wave head of the rate of change of the middle current break signal of surveying of each transformer station's basis (1), rise or fall time and amplitude size capable ripple of the described earth current of identification or secondary loop current row ripple in the electric power system, when the jump signal rate of change greater than setting value, rise or fall time less than setting value and amplitude greater than setting value, judge that then this jump signal is row wave-wave head, and write down this wave head time of advent;
(3) break down in certain non-loop wire road in electric power system, and the time and this two power transformations distance between sites that arrive any two transformer stations that these circuit two ends are connected according to row wave-wave head carry out fault location:
L wherein CBe the C transformer station distance that the fault point is connected apart from circuit one end, V is approximately the light velocity for row ripple propagation velocity on the line, general overhead transmission line: 3.0 * 10 8M/s, cable line are 2.0 * 10 8M/s; t CFor row wave-wave head arrives C transformer station's time, t DFor row wave-wave head arrives the D transformer station time that the circuit other end is connected, L CDBeeline for power circuit between C, D two transformer stations.
The earth current capable ripple time of advent or secondary loop current row ripple all can be used for fault location the time of advent, adopt the time that arrives earlier in the two usually.
A kind of traveling wave sensor of measuring current traveling wave of the present invention is made of iron core and the coil that is wound on the iron core, it is characterized by:
(1) described iron core is the iron cobalt nickel alloy ring structure iron core;
(2) coil even coiling 10～30 circles on iron core, the coil number of plies is an even number, the conduct of adjacent layer is opposite;
(3) traveling wave sensor secondary side lightning arrester connected in parallel and Transient Voltage Suppressor are by the voltage divider output signal.
Above-mentioned traveling wave sensor, it further is characterized as:
Coil even coiling 12～20 circles on iron core, the coil number of plies is 2 layers, the voltage of voltage divider output signal-2.5V～+ 2.5V between.Traveling wave sensor directly is enclosed within on the ground wire of capacitance type potential transformer (CVT) when detecting, or directly is enclosed within on the secondary circuit of current transformer (TA) and detects current traveling wave.
Because the present invention adopts custom-designed traveling wave sensor to detect the voltage traveling wave wave head; during installation and primary system do not have direct electrical communication; solve the problem of extra high voltage network voltage traveling wave detection difficult for a long time: directly by hardware circuit identification row wave-wave head, detect row wave-wave head polarity, and record row wave-wave head due in; protect and fault location; can improve the precision and the speed of protection; can detect all kinds fault, and can bring up to the fault location precision in 1 kilometer the error range.
The present invention is further detailed explanation below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific implementation method:
Fig. 1 utilizes traveling wave sensor to detect the capable ripple of capacitance type potential transformer earth current
The coiling of Fig. 2 traveling wave sensor coil
Fig. 3 traveling wave sensor detects the equivalent electric circuit in loop
The capable wave-wave head of Fig. 4 detecting unit
Fig. 5 (a) polarity of traveling wave comparing unit
Fig. 5 (b) utilizes polarity of traveling wave route protection relatively
The capable wave-wave head of Fig. 6 record cell time of advent
Fig. 7 feeder line fault location simulation system schematic
The AB line capable ripple of voltage transformer earth current that part transformer station measures that breaks down among Fig. 8 Fig. 7
The AB line secondary loop of mutual inductor current traveling wave of part route survey that breaks down among Fig. 9 Fig. 7
The row wave measurement detects the loop and is made up of Fig. 1～4.
Traveling wave sensor 1 is socketed on the ground wire of capacitance type potential transformer CVT among Fig. 1, there is not direct electrical communication with primary system, sensor output signal is after excess voltage suppressor 2 and voltage divider 3 pressure limitings, output signal-2.5V～+ 2.5V between, the capable wave-wave head of sending into Fig. 4 detects the loop and goes the identification of wave-wave head and polarity of traveling wave and detect.Transient Voltage Suppressor TVS (Transient Voltage Suppressor) is a kind of high performance protection device, mainly is the effect of playing over-voltage.When the two poles of the earth of TVS were subjected to reverse transient state high energy impact events, it can be with 10 -12The speed of second (micro-nano second) becomes Low ESR with the high impedance of its two interpolar, absorbs the surge power up to thousands of watts, and the voltage clamp that makes two interpolars is in a predetermined value (this device is set at 54V).Like this, the capable wave-wave head of generic failure all can cut ripple, forms square wave, is more conducive to the detection of row wave-wave head and polarity.Bleeder circuit is composed in series by two resistance, after the dividing potential drop, output signal-2.5V～+ 2.5V between.
As shown in Figure 2, a kind of typical structure of traveling wave sensor is an even coiling 5 on the annular iron cobalt nickel alloy iron core 4, and coil is 17 circles, turns to two-layerly, and makes the conduct of facing layer mutually just opposite.The equivalent electric circuit of transducer as shown in Figure 3, transducer primary side input current i produces an output voltage u at load R 1The self-induction L of coil and the turn-to-turn capacitance C of coil 0Form a filter circuit, whole sensor is equivalent to a band pass filter, and lower-cut-off frequency is: 6kHz, and upper cut-off frequency is: 10MHz, and in passband frequency range, transfer function is a constant.Like this, transducer does not transmit power frequency component, and undistorted to the signal of high frequency band 10kHz～7MHz.
The capable wave-wave head of Fig. 4 detects the loop row wave-wave head is detected, and judges to go the amplitude of rate of change, rise or fall time and wave head of ripple.Detect the initial moment that capable wave-wave head arrives with row ripple rate of change, the amplitude of rise or fall time and wave head comes row wave-wave shape is carried out identification.Positive and negative polarity wave head to the row ripple adopts two loops arranged side by side to detect respectively.Usually adjust and be rate of change level 0.3V; Rise time 10 μ S; Peak level 1V.For positive polarity row ripple, when row ripple rate of change level is higher than 0.3V, produce the triggering signal that clocks, keep 10 μ S, during this 10 μ S, occur if having greater than the capable wave-wave head of 1V, then be defined as fault traveling wave, produce an output pulse signal (output 1).For negative polarity row ripple, when row ripple rate of change level is lower than-0.3V, produce the triggering signal that clocks, keep 10 μ S, during this 10 μ S, occur if having less than-capable wave-wave the head of 1V, then be defined as fault traveling wave, produce an output pulse signal (output 2).
Fig. 5 constitutes a kind of protection criterion; the capable ripple of voltage transformer earth current is measured the polarity that the detection of detection loop obtains row wave-wave head through Fig. 1 and Fig. 4; the secondary loop of mutual inductor current traveling wave is measured through Fig. 4 and is detected the polarity that the loop detection also obtains row wave-wave head; all send into Fig. 5 (a) and carry out polarity relatively; when the two polarity is opposite; expression circuit positive direction fault produces an output signal.When the circuit two ends all are measured as the positive direction fault, then be indicated as the line-internal fault, carry out the operation of this route protection by Fig. 5 (b).
Another kind of protection criterion is finished by the calculating of position of failure point, by Fig. 4 row wave-wave head is detected, and Fig. 6 writes down capable wave-wave head time of advent.When the row ripple produced, the triggering signal that clocks that produces among Fig. 4 was sent into Fig. 6, triggered this time in moment of the punctual clock of the synchronous high accuracy of latches GPS; Row ripple detection output signal is also sent into Fig. 6 and is produced a reading data signal among Fig. 4, and latch data is read in calculator memory.And,, utilize aforementioned formula to carry out fault distance and calculate by the capable wave-wave head due in numerical value at power circuit two ends by the time that circuit offside record is read in communication.Consider the error of fault location, setting bit error is 1 kilometer, when the fault location result 1 kilometer with (L-1) kilometer between, then judge this line-internal fault.
Be the interference of avoiding switching manipulation, induction thunder etc. to produce; cause the malfunction protected; traveling-wave protection cooperates with fault detect element based on steady-state quantity; when going the pitch of waves from protecting failure judgement point in this line fault scope; and the conventional fault detecting element is judged when having fault to take place in this system of this moment really; just move line tripping, the fault of excising this circuit.
The computational methods that two kinds of fault location are arranged: a kind of Fault Locating Method that is based on circuit two ends transformer station row wave measurement, after latch data is read in calculator memory, read the time of offside record, carry out distance calculation by aforementioned formula: another kind is based on the Fault Locating Method of whole electrical network, the fault location that is used for non-loop wire road, after the system failure, read the capable ripple time of advent of each transformer station's record in the electrical network by scheduling, record value by each arbitrary transformer station of faulty line both sides positions calculating, these computational methods have very strong fault-tolerance, measure at part transformer station row wave-wave head under the condition of failure, still can carry out fault location.
With feeder line fault location simulation electrical network shown in Figure 7 is that example is analyzed, A, B, C among Fig. 7 ... represent each transformer station, when A phase earth fault takes place in the A-B line, the voltage traveling wave that part transformer station measures as shown in Figure 8, the current traveling wave of part route survey is as shown in Figure 9.The traveling-wave protection action situation of A-B line and the capable ripple of A-G line is as shown in table 1, and the two all can correct operation.
The capable ripple direction protection action of table 1BA line fault polarity comparison expression situation
Capable ripple of voltage transformer earth current and secondary loop of mutual inductor current traveling wave due in are synchronous among Fig. 8, Fig. 9, the capable ripple due in of being measured by each transformer station of faulty line both sides carries out fault location, the result is as shown in table 2, and the velocity of wave of the capable ripple 1MHz frequency component of being calculated by line construction is 2.96 * 10 8M/S, the worst error of fault location is less than 800 meters.
Table 2 Travelling Wave Fault Location result
Claims (7)
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